WO2016067628A1 - ラミニンによる角膜の新規治療 - Google Patents
ラミニンによる角膜の新規治療 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016067628A1 WO2016067628A1 PCT/JP2015/005473 JP2015005473W WO2016067628A1 WO 2016067628 A1 WO2016067628 A1 WO 2016067628A1 JP 2015005473 W JP2015005473 W JP 2015005473W WO 2016067628 A1 WO2016067628 A1 WO 2016067628A1
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- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/05—Immunological preparations stimulating the reticulo-endothelial system, e.g. against cancer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/30—Nerves; Brain; Eyes; Corneal cells; Cerebrospinal fluid; Neuronal stem cells; Neuronal precursor cells; Glial cells; Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells; Astroglia; Astrocytes; Choroid plexus; Spinal cord tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4409—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 4, e.g. isoniazid, iproniazid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/44—Vessels; Vascular smooth muscle cells; Endothelial cells; Endothelial progenitor cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/39—Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel treatment using laminin. More particularly, it relates to ophthalmic treatment with laminin, and more particularly to the treatment and prevention of corneal endothelium.
- corneal endothelial cells exist at a density of about 3000 cells per square millimeter at birth, but do not have the ability to regenerate once damaged. Thus, corneal endothelial cells are said to be difficult to culture, and treatment and surgery of the corneal endothelium are virtually impossible due to the current situation in which it is difficult to culture and proliferate using transplant techniques. In Japan, the cornea donation is insufficient, and the number of corneal transplants performed in Japan annually is about 1700 for about 2600 waiting patients for corneal transplantation.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known in relation to ophthalmology with laminin.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention by finding that specific laminins are useful for ophthalmic treatment, particularly corneal endothelium. Therefore, the present invention typically provides the following.
- a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition comprising at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to item 1 or 2 wherein the laminin includes an ⁇ 5 chain and / or a ⁇ 1 chain.
- the corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy, corneal endotheliitis, trauma, and disorders and conditions of ophthalmic surgery, Treatment or prevention agent.
- the corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition is photophobia, foggy vision, visual impairment, eye pain, lacrimation, hyperemia, pain, bullous keratopathy, ocular discomfort, reduced contrast, glare, corneal edema 9.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to any one of items 1 to 8, selected from the group consisting of: bullous keratopathy and corneal opacity.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to any one of items 1 to 10 wherein the corneal endothelium is in a state where the Descemet's membrane is detached.
- the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate), and 15.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the factor is injected into the eye and brought into contact with the tissue in the eye.
- the factor is provided by being mixed with corneal endothelial cells, and at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and a fragment thereof is injected into the eye and brought into contact with the tissue in the eye.
- the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate), and The therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to any one of items 1 to 20, selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- a method comprising administering to a subject in need.
- the method according to item 25 further comprising the characteristics described in any one or more of items 2 to 11.
- the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate), and 29.
- (30) The method according to any one of items 25 to 29, further comprising administering a corneal endothelial cell and a ROCK inhibitor to the subject.
- the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate), and 36.
- the present invention enables novel treatment of ophthalmology, particularly corneal endothelial cells (particularly human corneal endothelial cells).
- corneal endothelial cells particularly human corneal endothelial cells.
- bullous keratopathy can be brought to a state until it is almost completely cured, and in a preferred embodiment, when the Descemet's membrane is cured, such an effect cannot be achieved by the prior art. It is a special effect.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of the anterior ocular segment after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin 511-E8 fragment. From left to right: Control: Rabbit corneal endothelial cells mechanically scraped as a control, RCEC: Rabbit corneal endothelial cells cultured in the prepared model were injected into the anterior chamber and allowed to sit for 3 hours, RCEC + E8 : Anterior eye photograph of rabbit corneal endothelial cells cultured in the prepared model injected into the anterior chamber together with DMEM adjusted to a concentration of 2.1 nM laminin 511-E8 fragment for 3 hours. Show.
- FIG. 2 shows changes in corneal thickness after cultured corneal transplantation in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- shaft shows the corneal thickness (micrometer) measured with the ultrasonic pachymeter pachymeter.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after treatment. Standard error is indicated by a bar.
- FIG. 3 shows the histological examination results after cultured corneal endothelial transplantation using laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- FIG. 4 shows the examination results of cultured corneal endothelial transplantation in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin and a ROCK inhibitor in combination.
- the rabbit corneal endothelium was mechanically detached to produce a bullous keratopathy model.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of the anterior segment after cultured corneal endothelium transplantation in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model.
- FIG. 6 shows the corneal thickness ( ⁇ m) after transplantation of the four groups of cultured corneal endothelium shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after treatment.
- a solid line indicates that there is no desme film peeling, and a broken line indicates that there is desme film peeling.
- Black circles indicate that there is a laminin 511-E8 fragment, and white circles indicate that there is no laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- FIG. 7 shows intraocular pressure (mmHg) after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium of the 4 groups shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after treatment.
- a solid line indicates that there is no desme film peeling, and a broken line indicates that there is desme film peeling.
- Black circles indicate that there is a laminin 511-E8 fragment, and white circles indicate that there is no laminin 511-E8 fragment. No increase in intraocular pressure, a possible complication of cell transplantation, was observed in all groups.
- FIG. 8 shows a histological examination 14 days after the cultured corneal endothelial transplantation of the four groups shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the anterior segment after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium in a monkey bullous keratopathy model combined with laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- Cynomolgus monkey corneal endothelial cells cultured in a model in which corneal endothelial cells of cynomolgus monkeys were mechanically scraped were injected into the anterior chamber for 3 hours.
- the upper left indicates Day 1
- the upper right indicates Day 3
- the lower left indicates Day 7
- the lower right indicates Day 14.
- FIG. 10 shows a photograph of the anterior ocular segment after Descemet's membrane detachment in a monkey bullous keratopathy model and transplanted with cultured corneal endothelial cells in combination with laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- corneal endothelial cells of cynomolgus monkey were mechanically scraped
- cultured cynomolgus monkey corneal endothelial cells were injected into the anterior chamber and allowed to take a lying posture for 3 hours.
- the upper left indicates Day 1
- the upper right indicates Day 3
- the lower left indicates Day 7
- the lower right indicates Day 14.
- FIG. 11 shows corneal thickness after cultured corneal endothelium transplantation in a monkey bullous keratopathy model combined with laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- the corneal thickness ( ⁇ m) of an individual who performed Descemet's membrane peeling and an individual that did not perform Descemet's membrane peeling is shown.
- the horizontal axis is the number of days after treatment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the number of days after transplantation, and the vertical axis indicates corneal thickness ( ⁇ m).
- the practice shows an example in which there is no Descemet membrane detachment, and the broken line shows an individual who has performed Descemet membrane detachment. Black circles and triangles indicate individual differences.
- FIG. 12 shows corneal detachment in a monkey bullous keratopathy model, in which laminin 511-E8 fragment fragment was injected into the anterior chamber at a concentration of 21 nM and left for 1 hour to expose the cornea exposed by detachment of the Descemet's membrane in vivo. Real coated. Thereafter, a photograph of the anterior segment of the eye after transplanting cultured corneal endothelial cells in combination with laminin 511-E8 fragment is shown. The upper left indicates Day 1, the upper right indicates Day 3, the lower left indicates Day 7, and the lower right indicates Day 14.
- FIG. 12 shows corneal detachment in a monkey bullous keratopathy model, in which laminin 511-E8 fragment fragment was injected into the anterior chamber at a concentration of 21 nM and left for 1 hour to expose the cornea exposed by detachment of the Descemet's membrane in vivo. Real coated. Thereafter, a photograph of the anterior segment of the eye after transplanting cultured corneal endotheli
- FIG. 13 shows the effect of integrin on cell adhesion of corneal endothelial cells.
- Laminin 511-E8 fragment was added to a final concentration of 2.1 nM and seeded with intracorneal cells.
- mouse IgG, anti-integrin ⁇ 3 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 6 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 2 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 1 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 antibody are added in order from the left end.
- the number of adherent cells after 24 hours shows the ratio to mouse IgG).
- FIG. 14 shows that activation of cell adhesion-related proteins is mediated by integrins.
- a group to which no laminin 511-E8 fragment was added was prepared at the left end, and a group to which a laminin 511-E8 fragment was added to a final concentration of 2.1 nM was prepared from the second onward.
- mouse IgG anti-integrin ⁇ 3 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 6 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 2 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 1 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 antibody, anti-integrin ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 antibody Shows the results of Western blotting when seeded with sucrose added. From the top, p-FAK, FAK, p-paxillin, and background GAPDH are shown. The numerical value of each band shows the relative value when the intensity of the band is digitized and the leftmost laminin 511-E8 is set to 1.
- cornea endothelial cell is used in the usual meaning used in the art.
- the cornea is one of the layered tissues constituting the eye, is transparent, and is located in the portion closest to the outside world.
- the cornea is made up of five layers in order from the outside (body surface) in humans, and is composed of the corneal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, lamina intestinal, Descemet's membrane (corneal endothelial basement membrane), and corneal endothelium from the outside.
- portions other than the epithelium and endothelium are sometimes collectively referred to as “corneal stroma” and are referred to as such in this specification.
- HCEC human corneal endothelial cells
- RCEC rabbits are also abbreviated as “RCEC”
- MCEC monkeys are also abbreviated as “MCEC”.
- the corneal endothelial cell used in the present invention can be a naturally occurring cell or a cell differentiated from a stem cell, for example, an induced differentiated cell from iPS or the like.
- isolated means that a substance that naturally accompanies in a normal environment is at least reduced, preferably substantially free. Accordingly, an isolated cell, tissue, or the like refers to a cell, tissue, or the like that is substantially free of other substances (eg, other cells, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) that accompany it in the natural environment.
- laminin is a protein that forms the basement membrane of the extracellular matrix, promotes multicellular organization / tissue construction and maintenance, cell adhesion, cell migration, cell proliferation, and has a relationship with cancer cells. deep. It is said to be expressed at the early stage of embryogenesis (2 cell stage). It is a heterotrimer consisting of one ⁇ chain, one ⁇ chain and one ⁇ chain.
- the name of laminin was known in the order of discovery (laminin-1, laminin-2, etc.), but the correspondence with subunits is not considered, so in this specification it is a newer nomenclature.
- Laminin 111 Adopting the method of writing the names of subclasses of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ (three-digit number, ⁇ for the hundreds, ⁇ for the tenths, and ⁇ for the firsts), ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, and ⁇ 1
- each subunit is referred to as LAMA1, LAMA2, LAMA3, LAMA4, LAMA5, etc.
- the laminin protein used in the present invention may be a natural type or a modified type in which one or more amino acid residues are modified while retaining its biological activity, particularly cell adhesion promoting activity. Good. Moreover, as long as the laminin protein in this invention has the characteristic described in this specification, the origin, a manufacturing method, etc. are not limited. Therefore, the laminin protein used in the present invention may be a naturally occurring protein, a protein expressed from recombinant DNA by genetic engineering techniques, or a chemically synthesized protein.
- the origin of the laminin protein used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably derived from a human.
- human cells are cultured for the purpose of obtaining medical materials, it is preferable to use human-derived laminin in order to avoid the use of materials derived from other animals, but it is not limited thereto.
- Laminin binding molecules are also known, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 6 ⁇ 4, ⁇ 7 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 9 ⁇ 1, ⁇ v ⁇ 3, ⁇ v ⁇ 5, and ⁇ v ⁇ 8 are integrin known as laminin receptors.
- ⁇ 1 chain (LAMA1) is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMA1; LAMA; S-LAM-alpha.
- Human LAMA1 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_005559 and NP_005550, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 150320.
- “ ⁇ 1 chain” and “LAMA1” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding it).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- ⁇ 2 chain is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMA2; LAMM.
- Human LAMA2 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_000426 and NP_000417, respectively.
- the OMIM is identified by an accession number of 156225.
- “ ⁇ 2 chain” and “LAMA2” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- ⁇ 3 chain is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMA3; BM600; E170; LAMNA; LOCS; lama3a or the like.
- Human LAMA3 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_000227 and NP_000218, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 600805.
- “ ⁇ 3 chain” and “LAMA3” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- ⁇ 4 chain is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMA4; LAMA3; LAMA4 * -1; CMD1JJ.
- Human LAMA4 has gene and protein sequences registered under NCBI registration numbers NM_001105206 and NP_001098676, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 600133.
- “ ⁇ 4 chain” and “LAMA4” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding it).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- ⁇ 5 chain (LAMA5) is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMA5; KIAA1907.
- Human LAMA5 has the gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_005560 and NP_005551, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by the accession number with 601033.
- “ ⁇ 5 chain” and “LAMA5” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMB1 ⁇ 1 chain
- CLM CLM
- LIS5 ⁇ 1 chain
- Human LAMB1 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_002291 and NP_002282, respectively.
- the OMIM is identified with an accession number of 150240cm.
- “ ⁇ 1 chain” and “LAMB1” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMB2 laminin S
- LAMB2 laminin S
- LAMB2 laminin S
- LAMS LAMS
- NPHS5 nucleic acid encoding the same
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMB3 ⁇ 3 chain
- BM600-125KDA ⁇ 3 chain
- LAM5 Human LAMB3 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_000228 and NP_000219, respectively.
- the OMIM is identified by an accession number of 150310.
- “ ⁇ 3 chain” and “LAMB3” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMC1 ⁇ 1 chain
- LAMB2 ⁇ 1 chain
- Human LAMC1 has the gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_002293 and NP_002284, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 150290cm.
- ⁇ 1 chain and “LAMC1” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding it).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMC2 ⁇ 2 chain
- LAMC2 is one of the subunits of protein and laminin, a cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, LAMC2; B2T; BM600; CSF; EBR2; EBR2A; LAMB2T; And so on.
- Human LAMC2 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_005562 and NP_005553, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 150292cm.
- “ ⁇ 2 chain” and “LAMC2” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding it).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- LAMC3 ⁇ 3 chain
- LAMC3 is one of the subunits of the protein / laminin of the cell adhesion molecule in the extracellular matrix, and is referred to as LAMC3; OCCM.
- Human LAMC3 has gene and protein sequences registered in NCBI registration numbers NM_006059 and NP_006050, respectively.
- OMIM is identified by an accession number of 604349.
- “ ⁇ 3 chain” and “LAMC3” are not only a protein having an amino acid sequence described in a specific sequence number or accession number (or a nucleic acid encoding the same).
- a functionally active derivative thereof, or a functionally active fragment thereof, or a homologue thereof, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to a nucleic acid encoding this protein under conditions of high or low stringency is also understood to mean.
- laminin expressed in corneal endothelial cells refers to a type of laminin in which genes are expressed normally in corneal endothelial cells, preferably at the protein level. Analysis in the present specification confirms that ⁇ 5, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 1 are expressed (FIG. 2 of International Publication No. 2015/080297). Therefore, it is at least confirmed that laminin 511 and laminin 521 are expressed in corneal endothelial cells. For laminin 511, see Dev. Dyn. 218, 213-234, 2000, and J. Org. Biol. Chem. 277 (15), 12741-12748, 2002, the contents described in these documents are incorporated herein by reference. Laminin 511 etc. can also utilize what is marketed. For example, recombinant proteins of laminin 511 and laminin 521 are commercially available from BioLamina.
- expression of a gene, polynucleotide, polypeptide or the like means that the gene or the like undergoes a certain action in vivo to take another form.
- a gene, a polynucleotide or the like is transcribed and translated into a polypeptide form.
- transcription and production of mRNA may also be an embodiment of expression.
- polypeptide forms may be post-translationally processed (derivatives as referred to herein).
- the expression level of each laminin chain can be determined by any method.
- each laminin chain can be determined by evaluating the amount of mRNA of each laminin chain, the amount of each laminin chain protein, and the biological activity of each laminin chain protein.
- the amount of mRNA or protein of each laminin chain can be determined by a method as described herein.
- the “functional equivalent” refers to any object having the same target function but different structure from the target original entity. Therefore, the term “laminin or laminin chain or functional equivalent thereof” or “group consisting of laminin or laminin chain and functional equivalent thereof” refers to laminin or laminin chain itself as well as laminin or laminin chain.
- Fragments, mutants or variants having one or more cell adhesion ability, differentiation control and / or proliferation promoting action such as ocular cells, and at the time of action
- Laminin or laminin chain itself or a fragment, variant or modification of this laminin or laminin chain eg laminin or laminin chain itself or laminin or laminin chain fragment, mutant or modification
- Nucleic acid encoding the body and its nucleus Vectors containing, including cells, etc. are understood to be included.
- Laminin or laminin chain or functional equivalent thereof or “group consisting of laminin, laminin chain and functional equivalent thereof” is representative of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof Take as an example.
- the functional equivalent of laminin or laminin chain can be used in the same manner as laminin or laminin chain, even if not specifically mentioned.
- fragment refers to a polypeptide or polynucleotide having a sequence length of 1 to n ⁇ 1 with respect to a full-length polypeptide or polynucleotide (length is n).
- the length of the fragment can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
- the lower limit of the length is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and more amino acids, and lengths expressed in integers not specifically listed here (eg 11 etc.) are also suitable as lower limits obtain.
- examples include 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 and more nucleotides.
- Non-integer lengths may also be appropriate as a lower limit.
- activity refers herein to the function of a molecule in the broadest sense. Activity is not intended to be limiting, but generally includes the biological function, biochemical function, physical function or chemical function of a molecule. Activity activates, promotes, stabilizes, inhibits, suppresses, or destabilizes, for example, enzyme activity, the ability to interact with other molecules, and the function of other molecules Ability, stability, and ability to localize to specific intracellular locations.
- biological function refers to a specific function that a gene, nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide may have in vivo when referring to a gene or a nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide related thereto.
- the antibody include, but are not limited to, generation of specific antibodies, enzyme activity, and imparting resistance.
- a biological function can be exerted by “biological activity”.
- biological activity refers to activity that a certain factor (eg, polynucleotide, protein, etc.) may have in vivo, and exhibits various functions (eg, transcription promoting activity).
- an activity in which another molecule is activated or inactivated by interaction with one molecule depends on the binding between the two molecules and the resulting biological change, for example, when one molecule is precipitated with an antibody When molecules also coprecipitate, the two molecules are considered to be linked. Therefore, seeing such coprecipitation is one of the judgment methods.
- a factor is an enzyme
- the biological activity includes the enzyme activity.
- an agent is a ligand
- the ligand includes binding to the corresponding receptor.
- “activity” indicates or reveals binding (either direct or indirect); affects the response (ie, has a measurable effect in response to some exposure or stimulus), refers to various measurable indicators, such as the affinity of a compound that directly binds to a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention, or the amount of protein upstream or downstream after some stimulation or event or other A measure of similar function.
- “functionally active” refers to the structural function, regulatory function, or biochemistry of a protein, such as biological activity, according to the embodiment to which the polypeptide, fragment or derivative of the invention relates. Refers to a polypeptide, fragment or derivative having a functional function.
- a “fragment” of laminin refers to any fragment of laminin, and factors used in the present invention include not only full-length laminin but also a laminin fragment, its function, in particular, a cell of endothelial cells. It is understood that it can be used as long as it has adhesive ability. Therefore, the laminin fragment used in the present invention usually has at least one laminin function. Such functions can include cell adhesion ability of endothelial cells, among others.
- laminins represent preferred representative examples of the present invention, and it is understood that the present invention is not limited to these specific laminin subtypes.
- a representative nucleotide sequence of laminin ⁇ 5 chain is: (A) a polynucleotide having the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment sequence thereof; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof; (C) a variant polypeptide or fragment thereof in which one or more amino acids have one mutation selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, A polynucleotide that encodes a variant polypeptide having functional activity; (D) a polynucleotide which is a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof; (E) a polynucleotide encoding a species homologue of the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof; (F
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 5 chain.
- ⁇ 5 chain see Doi M et al. , J .; Biol. Chem. 277 (15), 12741-12748, 2002; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- amino acid sequence of laminin ⁇ 5 chain As the amino acid sequence of laminin ⁇ 5 chain, (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof; (B) a polypeptide having one mutation in which one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 and having biological activity; (C) a polypeptide encoded by a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (D) a polypeptide that is a species homologue of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; or (e) at least about 70% identity to at least about 70% identity to any one polypeptide of (a)-(d) 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% amino acid sequence and having a biological activity peptide, It can be.
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 5 chain.
- ⁇ 5 chain see Doi M et al. , J .; Biol. Chem. 277 (15), 12741-12748, 2002; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- a typical nucleotide sequence of the laminin ⁇ 1 chain is: (A) a polynucleotide having the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 or a fragment sequence thereof; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or a fragment thereof; (C) a variant polypeptide or fragment thereof in which one or more amino acids have one mutation selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4, A polynucleotide that encodes a variant polypeptide having functional activity; (D) a polynucleotide which is a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 or a fragment thereof; (E) a polynucleotide encoding a species homologue of the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or a fragment thereof; (
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 1 chain.
- Pillarainen et al. J .; Biol. Chem. 262 (22), 10454-10462, 1987; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- A As an amino acid sequence of laminin ⁇ 1 chain, (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or a fragment thereof; (B) a polypeptide having one mutation in which one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and having biological activity; (C) a polypeptide encoded by a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; (D) a polypeptide that is a species homologue of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; or (e) at least about 70% identity to at least about 70% identity to any one polypeptide of (a)-(d) 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% amino acid sequence and having a biological activity peptide, It can be.
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 1 chain.
- Pillarainen et al. J .; Biol. Chem. 262 (22), 10454-10462, 1987; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- a typical nucleotide sequence of the laminin ⁇ 2 chain is: (A) a polynucleotide having the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or a fragment sequence thereof; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or a fragment thereof; (C) a variant polypeptide or fragment thereof in which one or more amino acids have one mutation selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, A polynucleotide that encodes a variant polypeptide having functional activity; (D) a polynucleotide which is a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or a fragment thereof; (E) a polynucleotide encoding a species homologue of the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or a fragment thereof; (
- A As an amino acid sequence of laminin ⁇ 2 chain, (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 or a fragment thereof; (B) a polypeptide having one mutation in which one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and having biological activity; (C) a polypeptide encoded by a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; (D) a polypeptide that is a species homologue of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; or (e) at least about 70% identity to at least about 70% identity to any one polypeptide of (a)-(d) 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% amino acid sequence and having a biological activity peptide, It can be.
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of
- a representative nucleotide sequence of the laminin ⁇ 1 chain is: (A) a polynucleotide having the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment sequence thereof; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof; (C) a variant polypeptide or fragment thereof in which one or more amino acids have one mutation selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8, A polynucleotide that encodes a variant polypeptide having functional activity; (D) a polynucleotide which is a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment thereof; (E) a polynucleotide encoding a species homologue of the polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof; (F
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 1 chain.
- Pillarainen et al. J .; Biol. Chem. 263 (14), 6751-6758, 1988; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- A As an amino acid sequence of laminin ⁇ 1 chain, (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof; (B) a polypeptide having one mutation in which one or more amino acids are selected from the group consisting of substitution, addition and deletion in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 and having biological activity; (C) a polypeptide encoded by a splice variant or allelic variant of the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7; (D) a polypeptide that is a species homologue of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8; or (e) at least about 70% identity to at least about 70% identity to any one polypeptide of (a)-(d) 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% amino acid sequence and having a biological activity peptide, , It can be.
- biological activity typically refers to the activity of laminin ⁇ 1 chain.
- Pillarainen et al. J .; Biol. Chem. 263 (14), 6751-6758, 1988; US Pat. No. 6,933,273.
- protein protein
- polypeptide oligopeptide
- peptide refers to a polymer of amino acids of any length.
- This polymer may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- the amino acid may be natural or non-natural and may be a modified amino acid.
- the term can also encompass one assembled into a complex of multiple polypeptide chains.
- the term also encompasses natural or artificially modified amino acid polymers. Such modifications include, for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation or any other manipulation or modification (eg, conjugation with a labeling component).
- This definition also includes, for example, polypeptides containing one or more analogs of amino acids (eg, including unnatural amino acids, etc.), peptidomimetic compounds (eg, peptoids) and other modifications known in the art. Is done.
- the protein of the present invention (for example, each laminin chain) is obtained by incorporating DNA encoding each target chain gene into an appropriate vector and expressing it in either a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell in each host.
- the desired protein can be obtained by introducing using a possible expression vector and expressing each chain.
- Host cells that can be used to express laminin are not particularly limited, and prokaryotic host cells such as E.
- Laminin chains and the like can be obtained by growing cells containing the vector in an appropriate medium to produce the laminin chains and the like used in the present invention and purifying the cells or the medium. Purification can be performed using size exclusion chromatography, HPLC, ion exchange chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and the like.
- amino acid may be natural or non-natural as long as the object of the present invention is satisfied.
- polynucleotide As used herein, “polynucleotide”, “oligonucleotide” and “nucleic acid” are interchangeable and are used interchangeably herein, and refer to a nucleotide polymer of any length. The term also includes “oligonucleotide derivatives” or “polynucleotide derivatives”. “Oligonucleotide derivatives” or “polynucleotide derivatives” refer to oligonucleotides or polynucleotides that include derivatives of nucleotides or that have unusual linkages between nucleotides, and are used interchangeably.
- oligonucleotide examples include, for example, 2′-O-methyl-ribonucleotide, an oligonucleotide derivative in which a phosphodiester bond in an oligonucleotide is converted to a phosphorothioate bond, and a phosphodiester bond in an oligonucleotide.
- oligonucleotide derivative in which ribose and phosphodiester bond in oligonucleotide are converted to peptide nucleic acid bond uracil in oligonucleotide is C- Oligonucleotide derivatives substituted with 5-propynyluracil, oligonucleotide derivatives where uracil in the oligonucleotide is substituted with C-5 thiazole uracil, cytosine in the oligonucleotide is substituted with C-5 propynylcytosine Rigonucleotide derivatives, oligonucleotide derivatives in which the cytosine in the oligonucleotide is replaced with phenoxazine-modified cytosine, oligonucleotide derivatives and oligonucleotides in which the ribose in DNA is replaced with
- a particular nucleic acid sequence may also be conservatively modified (eg, degenerate codon substitutes) and complementary sequences, as well as those explicitly indicated. Is contemplated. Specifically, a degenerate codon substitute creates a sequence in which the third position of one or more selected (or all) codons is replaced with a mixed base and / or deoxyinosine residue. (Batzer et al., Nucleic Acid Res. 19: 5081 (1991); Ohtsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260: 2605-2608 (1985); Rossolini et al., Mol. Cell .Probes 8: 91-98 (1994)).
- nucleic acid is also used interchangeably with gene, cDNA, mRNA, oligonucleotide, and polynucleotide.
- nucleotide may be natural or non-natural.
- gene refers to a factor that defines a genetic trait. Usually arranged in a certain order on the chromosome. A gene that defines the primary structure of a protein is called a structural gene, and a gene that affects its expression is called a regulatory gene. As used herein, “gene” may refer to “polynucleotide”, “oligonucleotide”, and “nucleic acid”.
- Amino acids may be referred to herein by either their commonly known three letter symbols or by the one letter symbols recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission. Nucleotides can also be referred to by the generally recognized one letter code.
- comparison of similarity, identity and homology between amino acid sequences and base sequences is calculated using default parameters using BLAST, which is a sequence analysis tool.
- An identity search can be performed using NCBI BLAST 2.2.26 (issued 2011.10.30), for example.
- the identity value usually refers to a value when the above BLAST is used and aligned under default conditions. However, if a higher value is obtained by changing the parameter, the highest value is the identity value. When identity is evaluated in a plurality of areas, the highest value among them is set as the identity value. Similarity is a numerical value calculated for similar amino acids in addition to identity.
- polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions refers to well-known conditions commonly used in the art. It is understood that the laminin used in the present invention may be one encoded by “a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions” to the nucleic acid sequence of each laminin specifically disclosed.
- the Such a polynucleotide can be obtained by using a colony hybridization method, a plaque hybridization method, a Southern blot hybridization method or the like using a polynucleotide selected from among the polynucleotides of the present invention as a probe. Specifically, hybridization was performed at 65 ° C.
- a sequence that contains only the A sequence or only the T sequence is preferably excluded from the sequences that hybridize under stringent conditions.
- a polypeptide (eg, laminin) used in the present invention is encoded by a nucleic acid molecule that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide specifically described in the present invention. Also encompassed are polypeptides.
- low stringency conditions include 35% formamide, 5 ⁇ SSC, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 5 mM EDTA, 0.02% PVP, 0.02% BSA, 100 ⁇ g / ml denatured salmon sperm DNA, and Hybridization in buffer containing 10% (weight / volume) dextran sulfate at 40 ° C. for 18-20 hours, buffer consisting of 2 ⁇ SSC, 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 5 mM EDTA, and 0.1% SDS Wash in solution at 55 ° C. for 1-5 hours and in buffer consisting of 2 ⁇ SSC, 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 5 mM EDTA, and 0.1% SDS for 1.5 hours at 60 ° C. Including washing.
- an amino acid sequence having one or more amino acid insertions, substitutions or deletions, or those added to one or both ends can be used.
- “in the amino acid sequence, insertion, substitution or deletion of one or a plurality of amino acids, or addition to one or both ends thereof” is a well-known technical method such as site-directed mutagenesis.
- site-directed mutagenesis or by natural mutation means that the amino acid has been altered by substitution of a plurality of amino acids to the extent that it can occur naturally.
- the modified amino acid sequence such as each chain of laminin used in the present invention is, for example, about 1 to 30, preferably about 1 to 20, more preferably about 1 to 9, further preferably about 1 to 5, particularly preferably. May have about 1-2 amino acid insertions, substitutions or deletions, or additions at one or both ends.
- the modified amino acid sequence preferably has an amino acid sequence having one or more (preferably one or several, or 1, 2, 3, or 4) conservative substitutions in the amino acid sequence of each laminin chain, etc. It may be an array.
- conservative substitution means substitution of one or more amino acid residues with another chemically similar amino acid residue so as not to substantially alter the function of the protein.
- a certain hydrophobic residue is substituted by another hydrophobic residue
- a certain polar residue is substituted by another polar residue having the same charge, and the like.
- Functionally similar amino acids that can make such substitutions are known in the art for each amino acid.
- Specific examples include non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids such as alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and methionine.
- polar (neutral) amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, and cysteine.
- positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, histidine, and lysine.
- negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- drug drug
- drug may also be a substance or other element (eg energy such as light, radioactivity, heat, electricity).
- Such substances include, for example, proteins, polypeptides, oligopeptides, peptides, polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, nucleotides, nucleic acids (eg, DNA such as cDNA, genomic DNA, RNA such as mRNA), poly Saccharides, oligosaccharides, lipids, small organic molecules (for example, hormones, ligands, signaling substances, small organic molecules, molecules synthesized by combinatorial chemistry, small molecules that can be used as pharmaceuticals (for example, small molecule ligands, etc.)) , These complex molecules are included, but not limited thereto.
- a polynucleotide having a certain sequence homology to the sequence of the polynucleotide (for example, 70% or more sequence identity) and complementarity examples include, but are not limited to, a polypeptide such as a transcription factor that binds to the promoter region.
- Factors specific for a polypeptide typically include an antibody specifically directed against the polypeptide or a derivative or analog thereof (eg, a single chain antibody), and the polypeptide is a receptor.
- specific ligands or receptors in the case of ligands, and substrates thereof when the polypeptide is an enzyme include, but are not limited to.
- the “normal cell function” of a cell refers to a function inherent to the cell when referring to a specific cell such as a corneal endothelial cell.
- corneal endothelial cells such functions include ZO-1 and Na + / K + -ATPase, adaptability to corneal transplantation (Matsubara M, Tanishima T: Wound-healing of the corneal endothelium in the monkey: a morphometric study, Jpn J Ophthalmol 1982, 26: 264-273; Matsubara M, Tanishima T: Wound-healing of corneal endothelium in monkey: an autoradiographic study, Jpn J Ophthalmol 1983, 27: 444-450; Van Horn DL, Hyndiuk RA: Endothelial wound repair in primate cornea, Exp Eye Res 1975, 21: 113-124 and Van Horn DL, Sendele DD, Seideman S, Buco PJ: Regenerative capacity of the corneal end
- ZO-1 and Na + / K + -ATPase can be evaluated by observing expression at the nucleic acid level such as immunological means or RT-PCR. Confirm whether the subject cell has normal function by confirming that Na + / K + -ATPase and ZO-1 are expressed and / or functioning to the same extent as normal cells Can do.
- the adaptability to corneal transplantation can be performed by transplanting cultured cells by mechanically scraping the corneal endothelium as a bullous keratosis model even in laboratory animals such as rabbits.
- rabbit corneal endothelial cells proliferate in vivo, the possibility of natural healing due to proliferation of host corneal endothelial cells cannot be denied (Matsubara M, et al., Jpn J Ophthalmol 1982, 26: 264-273; Matsubara M, et al., Jpn J Ophthalmol 1983, 27: 444-450; Van Horn DL, et al., Exp Eye Res 1975, 21: 113-124 and Van Horn DL, et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977 16: 597-613).
- a primate cynomolgus monkey for example, at least 1 month, preferably at least 2 months, more preferably at least 3 months, even more preferably at least 6 months, even more preferably Assess adaptability after at least 12 months. Confirmation of transplantation adaptability in primates such as monkeys is particularly important in human application.
- the present invention provides an agent for treating or preventing a corneal disease, disorder or condition, such as corneal endothelium, comprising at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- the present invention also provides at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof for use for the treatment or prevention of corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition.
- the invention is a method for treating or preventing a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition, wherein the method comprises the efficacy of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- a method comprising administering an amount to a subject in need of such treatment or prevention.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic effect can be obtained in the epithelium as well as the corneal endothelium.
- the present invention provides a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition comprising at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- the factor or laminin used in the present invention comprises an RGD sequence. While not wishing to be bound by theory, RGD sequences have been implicated in cell adhesion, and the use of laminins with prominent cell adhesion ability can treat or treat diseases, disorders or conditions of the corneal endothelium. It is understood that they can be prevented or improved.
- the factor or laminin used in the present invention comprises an ⁇ 5 chain.
- laminin species containing ⁇ 5 chain can treat or prevent diseases, disorders or conditions of corneal endothelium, or improve them This is because if there is an ⁇ 5 chain, it is considered that the ⁇ chain or the ⁇ chain has a certain degree of flexibility.
- the factor or laminin used in the present invention comprises a ⁇ 1 chain.
- laminin species containing ⁇ 1 chain can treat or prevent diseases, disorders or conditions of corneal endothelium, or improve them This is because if there is only a ⁇ 1 chain, it is considered that the ⁇ chain or ⁇ chain has a certain degree of flexibility.
- the factor or laminin used in the present invention comprises an ⁇ 5 chain and / or a ⁇ 1 chain.
- laminin species containing ⁇ 5 chain and / or ⁇ 1 chain can treat or prevent corneal endothelium, or improve them. It has been demonstrated that the effects of laminin 511 and laminin 521 have been demonstrated, and if ⁇ 5 chain and / or ⁇ 1 chain is determined, it has been shown that ⁇ has some degree of flexibility. is there.
- the laminin includes laminin 511 and laminin 521.
- the factor of the present invention may be laminin 511, laminin 521 or a fragment thereof.
- the fragment of laminin 511 or the fragment of laminin 521 of the present invention may be any fragment as long as it can treat or prevent a disease, disorder or condition of corneal endothelium, or can improve them. .
- Such fragments include laminin 511-E8 fragment and laminin 521-fragment (SEQ ID NO: 9, 10 (nucleic acid sequence, amino acid sequence) and SEQ ID NO: 11, 12 (nucleic acid sequence, amino acid sequence), respectively) (Taniguchi Y, Ido H, Sanzen N, Hayashi M, Sato-Nishiuchi R, Futaki S, Sekiguchi K.
- the C-terminal region of laminin beta chains modulates the integrin binding affiliates of laminins. J Biol. Available from Nippi Corporation), but is not limited thereto.
- the laminin 511-E8 fragment and the laminin 521-fragment are fragments obtained by elastase treatment, and a part of the heterotrimeric coiled-coil domain and three LG domains (LG1 in the ⁇ -chain C-terminal region). ⁇ LG3).
- the E8 fragment is considered to correspond to an integrin binding site of a heterotrimeric molecule in which laminin ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain, and ⁇ chain are associated with each other via a coiled-coil domain. Therefore, as a preferable fragment, one in which the integrin binding site is substantially retained in the entire laminin can be used. It is understood that such a fragment can be appropriately modified based on the information on the laminin 511-E8 fragment and the laminin 521-fragment.
- the E8 fragment of human laminin ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 corresponds to the E8 fragment of mouse laminin ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 (also referred to herein as “mouse laminin 111-E8”). It means a fragment of human laminin ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 (also referred to herein as “human laminin 511”).
- laminin 511-E8 fragment is also expressed as “Laminin 511-E8 fragment”, “Laminin 511 E8”, and “Laminin 511-E8”.
- the E8 fragment of laminin was identified as a fragment having strong cell adhesion activity among fragments obtained by digesting mouse laminin ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 (hereinafter referred to as “mouse laminin 111”) with elastase ( Edgar D., Timpl R., Thoenen H. The heparin-binding domain of lamininis responsible for its effects on neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. EMBOJ., 3: 1463-1468, 1984., Goodman SL., R., Deutmann. der Mark K. Two distinct cell-binding domains in laminin can independently promote nonneuronal cell adhesion and spreading. J. Cell Biol., 105: 589-598, 1987).
- Human laminin 511 and human laminin 332 are also presumed to have fragments corresponding to the mouse laminin 111-E8 fragment when digested with elastase.
- the human laminin 511-E8 fragment used in the present invention does not need to be an elastase digestion product of human laminin 511, has the same cell adhesion activity as the mouse laminin 111-E8 fragment, has the same structure, Any fragment of human laminin 511 having a similar molecular weight may be used.
- the method for producing the human laminin 511-E8 fragment is not particularly limited.
- the full-length human laminin 511 is digested with a proteolytic enzyme such as elastase, and the target fragment is separated and purified, or the method is produced as a recombinant protein. Etc. From the viewpoint of production amount, quality uniformity, production cost, etc., it is preferable to produce it as a recombinant protein.
- the recombinant human laminin 511-E8 fragment can be produced by appropriately using known gene recombination techniques.
- DNAs encoding the ⁇ chain, ⁇ chain and ⁇ chain proteins of the human laminin 511-E8 fragment are obtained, respectively, and this is inserted into an expression vector.
- the obtained three types of expression vectors can be co-introduced into an appropriate host cell for expression, and the protein forming the trimer can be purified by a known method (for example, Hiroyuki Ido, et al, “The requirement of the glutamic acid residue at the third position from the carboxyl termini of the laminin ⁇ chains in integrin binding by laminins” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 11144-11154, 2007.
- Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-78370 can be referred to.
- Similar fragments can also be made using human laminin 521. This is referred to as a laminin 521-E8 fragment, and can be made similar to the laminin 511-E8 fragment and is understood to retain the same activity as the laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- E8 fragments can be similarly produced for any laminin containing ⁇ 5 chain and / or ⁇ 1 chain, and such E8 fragments are considered as full-length in the present invention. It is understood that it can be used as well.
- the laminin comprises laminin 511 ( ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1) and laminin 521 ( ⁇ 5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1), or the factor is laminin 511, laminin 521, laminin 511-E8 fragment or laminin 521-E8 fragment. .
- the fragment used in the present invention has a cell adhesion ability of corneal cells (for example, corneal endothelial cells).
- the concentration of the factor used can be any concentration as long as it has a therapeutic or prophylactic effect (also referred to as an effective concentration; For example, about 0.1 nM or more, about 0.2 nM or more, about 0.3 nM or more, about 0.4 nM or more, about 0.5 nM or more, about 0.6 nM or more, about 0.
- the site targeted by the present invention includes the corneal endothelium.
- the disease, disorder or condition targeted by the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition targeted by the present invention.
- the ophthalmic site is primate, and in another embodiment, the ophthalmic site is human.
- the eye cells are primate, and in another embodiment, the eye cells are human.
- the corneal endothelium is primate, and in another embodiment, the corneal endothelium is human.
- the corneal endothelium cells are primate, and in another embodiment, the corneal endothelium cells are human.
- the therapeutic or preventive effect of laminin has been demonstrated not only in rabbits but also in primates, using corneal endothelium as a model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that similar therapeutic or prophylactic effects are achieved in animals.
- Corneal endothelial diseases, disorders or conditions targeted by the present invention include diseases requiring transplantation of the corneal endothelium, such as bullous keratopathy, corneal edema, corneal vitiligo, in particular corneal dystrophy, trauma or intraocular surgery It can be used as a graft in the treatment of bullous keratopathy caused by corneal endothelial injury.
- causes of bullous keratopathy and corneal endothelial dysfunction include Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy, trauma, pseudo-desquamation syndrome, corneal endotheliitis and the like in addition to surgery.
- the corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition includes photophobia, foggy vision, vision impairment, eye pain, lacrimation, hyperemia, pain, bullous keratopathy, eye discomfort, reduced contrast, glare, Examples include corneal edema, bullous keratopathy, and corneal opacity.
- the subject of treatment or prevention of a disease, disorder or condition of the corneal endothelium of the present invention includes mammals (for example, human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, cow, sheep, monkey, etc.), preferably Is a primate (eg, a human).
- mammals for example, human, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, cow, sheep, monkey, etc.
- Is a primate eg, a human
- the corneal endothelium targeted by the present invention includes a corneal endothelium layer, a Descemet's membrane, or both.
- the corneal endothelium targeted by the present invention includes a Desme membrane.
- the corneal endothelium which this invention makes object contains the corneal endothelium of the state from which the Descemet's membrane was peeled.
- the present invention provides an agent for treating or preventing a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition using at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof and corneal endothelial cells.
- the factor of the present invention and the corneal endothelial cell may be used as a mixture or may be administered separately.
- the invention is a method for treating or preventing a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition, wherein the method comprises the efficacy of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- a method comprising administering an amount to a subject in need of the treatment or prevention, and administering a corneal endothelial cell and / or ROCK inhibitor to the subject.
- a corneal endothelial cell and / or ROCK inhibitor to the subject.
- the factor (laminin, fragment thereof, etc.), corneal endothelial cell, ROCK inhibitor, etc. used in the method of the present invention of this aspect can use any form described in this specification.
- the use of corneal endothelial cells and at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof, as demonstrated in the Examples The cornea was transparent, the corneal thickness was thinned, the functioning marker was returned to normal, and an unprecedented therapeutic result was achieved.
- the effect is remarkably exhibited in a few days, and there is an example in which the treatment is almost completely completed in one week.
- the present invention uses at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof, and a ROCK inhibitor (this term is synonymous with “Rho kinase inhibitor”).
- a ROCK inhibitor this term is synonymous with “Rho kinase inhibitor”.
- a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for a disease, disorder or condition of corneal endothelium is provided.
- the factor of the present invention and the ROCK inhibitor may be used as a mixture or may be administered separately. It will be appreciated that the factors used in the methods of the present invention (laminin, fragments thereof, etc.) can use any form described herein.
- Rho kinase means a serine / threonine kinase that is activated with the activation of Rho.
- ROK ⁇ ROCK-II: Leung, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270, 29051-29054, 1995
- p160 ROCK ROCK ⁇ , ROCK-I: Ishizaki, T. et al., The EMBO J., 15 (8), 1885-1893, 1996) and other proteins having serine / threonine kinase activity.
- ROCK inhibitors include the following documents: US Pat. No. 4,678,783, Patent No. 3,342,217, International Publication No. 95/28387, International Publication No. 99/20620, International Publication No. 99/61403, International Publication No. 02/076976, International Publication No. 02/076977, International Publication No. 2002/083175, International Publication No. 02/100833, International Publication No. 03/059913, International Publication No. 03/062227, International Publication No. 2004/009555, International Publication No. 2004/022541, International Publication No. 2004/108724, International Publication No. 2005/003101, International Publication No.
- 1- (5-isoquinolinesulfonyl) homopiperazine or a salt thereof eg, fasudil (1- (5-isoquinolinesulfonyl) homopiperazine)
- (+)-trans-4- (1-aminoethyl)- 1- (4-pyridylcarbamoyl) cyclohexane ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide) or a salt thereof (eg, Y-27632 ((R )-(+)-Trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate)), and the like.
- Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Pharma, etc. can also be suitably used.
- the ROCK inhibitor (Rho kinase inhibitor) used in the present invention is Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-aminoethyl) -Cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate), but is not limited thereto.
- any corneal endothelial cell can be used, and it may be isolated or cultured.
- the corneal endothelial cells may be cultured by a method of normal culture by a method developed by the present inventors, but may be cultured by other methods. For example, what was cultured by the method described in WO2013 / 100208 can be used.
- the fibrosis inhibitor is always present during the culture of the corneal endothelial cells, while the adhesion promoter is present for a certain period of time (for example, 24 hours to 72 hours, or 48 hours, etc.) Deletion of the adhesion promoter, and the cell adhesion promoter should be present again for a certain period (for example, 24 hours to 72 hours, or 48 hours, etc., this period may vary every time or may be the same). Can do.
- the medium to be used may be a medium component that has been sold and used conventionally, or may be a component that has been separately developed for corneal endothelium.
- medium components include, but are not limited to, OptiMEM, DMEM, M199, MEM and the like (which are available from INVITROGEN and the like).
- OptiMEM I Reduced-Serum Medium
- Liquid INVITROGEN catalog number: 31985-070
- FBS BIOEST, catalog number: S1820-500
- Corneal endothelial cells are collected in a conventional manner from the recipient himself or from the cornea of an appropriate donor.
- allogeneic corneal endothelial cells may be prepared. For example, after detaching the Descemet's membrane and endothelial cell layer of corneal tissue from the corneal stroma, it is transferred to a culture dish and treated with dispase or the like. As a result, corneal endothelial cells are detached from the Descemet's membrane. Corneal endothelial cells remaining on the Desme membrane can be removed by pipetting or the like.
- the corneal endothelial cells are cultured in an appropriate culture medium (for example, described in WO2013 / 100208).
- the medium or culture medium include commercially available DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) (for example, INVITROGEN, catalog number: 12320) and FBS (fetal calf serum) (for example, BIOWEST, catalog number: S1820-500). ), B-FGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) (for example, INVITROGEN, catalog number: 13256-029), and antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin are added as appropriate, and normal culture as exemplified in WO2013 / 100208 What added the component of the agent can be used.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- FBS fetal calf serum
- BIOWEST fetal calf serum
- B-FGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin
- the factor of the present invention When the factor of the present invention is coated and cultured, adhesion of corneal endothelial cells to the surface of the culture container is promoted, and favorable proliferation is performed.
- the surface of the culture dish is coated with extracellular matrix of corneal endothelial cells such as type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin or bovine. It is preferable to use it.
- an ordinary culture vessel treated with a commercially available coating agent such as FNC coating mix (registered trademark) (50 ml (AES-0407), ATHENA, catalog number: 0407) may be used.
- the temperature conditions for culturing the corneal endothelial cells are not particularly limited as long as the corneal endothelial cells grow. For example, about 25 ° C. to about 45 ° C., and considering the growth efficiency, preferably about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C. More preferably, it is about 37 ° C.
- the culture method is performed in a normal cell culture incubator under humidification and in an environment having a CO 2 concentration of about 5 to 10%.
- Subculture Subculture can be performed after the corneal endothelial cells subjected to the culture have proliferated. Preferably, subculture is performed when sub-confluent or confluent. Subculture can be performed as follows. First, the cells are detached from the surface of the culture container by treating with trypsin-EDTA or the like, and then the cells are recovered. The culture normalizing agent or medium of the present invention is added to the collected cells to obtain a cell suspension. Centrifugation is preferably performed when cells are collected or after collection. A cell suspension having a high cell density can be prepared by such centrifugation treatment. A preferred cell density is about 1-2 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL.
- examples of the conditions for the centrifugation treatment include, but are not limited to, 500 rpm (30 g) to 1000 rpm (70 g) and 1 to 10 minutes.
- the cell suspension is seeded in a culture vessel in the same manner as in the initial culture described above and used for culture.
- the dilution factor at the time of passage varies depending on the state of the cells, but is about 1: 2 to 1: 4, preferably about 1: 3.
- Subculture can be performed under the same culture conditions as the above-mentioned initial culture.
- the culture time varies depending on the state of the cells used, but is, for example, 7 to 30 days.
- the above subculture can be performed multiple times as necessary. If a ROCK inhibitor or the like is used, the culture period can be shortened by enhancing cell adhesion at the initial stage of culture.
- high-density corneal endothelial cells using density gradient centrifugation can be purified as cells and used in the present invention.
- the method is typically as follows. Cultured human corneal endothelial cells mixed with low density cells and high density cells can be subjected to density gradient centrifugation at 800 ⁇ g for 15 minutes using an appropriate means (for example, OptiPrep TM ). Cells contained in the pellet and the supernatant can be collected and seeded and cultured as an appropriate number of pellets and supernatant groups (for example, 420 cells / mm 2 ).
- the morphology is observed with a phase contrast microscope, and the expression of the corneal endothelial function-related marker is analyzed by immunostaining and the cell density and cell area are measured.
- Cells cultured after centrifugation exhibit a polygonal cell morphology in both the pellet group and the supernatant group, and cells exhibiting Na + / K + -ATPase and ZO-1 expression are obtained.
- the pellet group generally has a significantly higher cell density.
- the median cell area is generally low in the pellet group, and the scattering is small. Thus, it will be understood that this allows one to purify high density cells by density gradient centrifugation and can be used in the present invention.
- the present invention is an agent for treating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition of corneal endothelium comprising at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof, wherein the factor is intraocular A therapeutic or prophylactic agent characterized by being injected into the eye and brought into contact with tissue in the eye.
- the invention is also a method for treating or preventing a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition, the method comprising at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof. Administering an effective amount to a subject in need of such treatment or prevention, wherein the agent is injected into the eye of the subject and contacted with tissue in the eye.
- a method characterized by being is provided. It is understood that the factors (laminin, fragments thereof, etc.) used in the method of the present invention of this aspect can use any form described herein.
- the factor is injected into the eye and brought into contact with tissue in the eye, resulting in a coating of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof in the eye (also referred to herein as laminin coating). It is understood that the healing of the cornea is promoted.
- the concentration of the factor used in coating may be any concentration as long as it has a therapeutic or prophylactic effect (also referred to as an effective concentration, or in the case of a coating, effective coating concentration), for example, about 0.1 nM or more, about 0.2 nM or more, about 0.3 nM or more, about 0.4 nM or more, about 0.5 nM or more, about 0.6 nM or more, about 0.7 nM or more, about 0.8 nM or more, about 0.
- 9 nM or more about 1 nM or more, about 2 nM or more, about 2.1 nM or more, about 3 nM or more, about 4 nM or more, about 5 nM or more, about 6 nM or more, about 7 nM or more, about 8 nM or more, about 9 nM or more, about 10 nM or more, about 15 nM or more, about 20 nM or more, about 21 nM or more, about 25 nM or more, about 30 nM or more, about 40 nM or more, about 50 nM or more, about 60 nM or more, about 70 nM or more, about 8 nM or more, about 90nM or greater, can be mentioned about 100nM or more, and the like.
- corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells are further administered at the same time or before.
- corneal endothelial cells may be administered separately from the above factors.
- the timing of administration of corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells is preferably after the factor is injected into the eye and contacted with tissue in the eye (coating) or more preferably, the factor eye. After being injected into the eye and in contact with tissue in the eye. It has been found that the corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells administered in this way are promoted to be fixed on the corneal endothelial tissue due to the presence of the coating, and the therapeutic effect is remarkably promoted.
- the present invention relates to the treatment or prevention of a disease, disorder or condition of corneal endothelium comprising a mixture of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof and corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells.
- at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and a fragment thereof is injected into the eye separately from at least one factor selected from the group consisting of the laminin and a fragment thereof. It is contacted with an internal tissue, preferably a tissue part to be treated or prevented (for example, corneal endothelium).
- the invention is a method for treating or preventing a corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition, wherein the method comprises the efficacy of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof.
- Administering to a subject in need of said treatment or prevention, wherein said factor is provided in admixture with corneal endothelial cells and is further selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof A method is provided wherein at least one agent is injected into the eye and contacted with tissue in the eye.
- the mixture is administered at the same time or before (at the coating) at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof is injected into the eye and contacted with tissue in the eye.
- the timing of administration of the mixture is preferably after or at the same time that the agent is injected into the eye and contacted with tissue in the eye, more preferably the agent is injected into the eye After being contacted with tissue within.
- a coating provides an environment that facilitates the establishment of a mixture of the above factors and corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells, thus promoting corneal healing.
- corneal cells such as corneal endothelial cells can use any form described herein or any known form.
- the therapeutic or prophylactic agent of the present invention further comprises a ROCK inhibitor.
- the ROCK inhibitor may be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately from the factor.
- the ROCK inhibitor can take any form described elsewhere herein, preferably Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans- (4-pyridyl) -4- (1-amino) Ethyl) -cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate) and the like.
- the factor mixed with one corneal cell such as the corneal endothelial cell is about 2.1 nM or more, and the factor to be injected is about 21 nM or more.
- the present invention provides the use of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition.
- the present invention provides the use of at least one factor selected from the group consisting of laminin and fragments thereof for the treatment or prevention of corneal endothelial disease, disorder or condition. It will be understood that the factors used in the use of the present invention (laminin, fragments thereof, etc.) can use any form described herein.
- corneal endothelial cells were detached from the Descemet's membrane by pipetting and collected, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant.
- the culture medium was added to the precipitated corneal endothelial cells and mixed, and the whole amount was seeded in a 6-well plate coated with FNC Coating Mix.
- the culture medium was DMEM (catalog number: 12320; Gibco-Invitrogen) with 10% FBS, 50 ⁇ g / ml gentamicin (catalog number: 15710-064; Invitrogen), 10 ⁇ g / ml Y-27632 (catalog number: 6880005; Calbiochem, La Jolla , CA), 2 ng / ml basic fibroblast growth factor (catalog number: 13256-029; bFGF; Invitrogen) was used.
- the medium was changed every two days. Passaging was performed when the cells became 50-80% confluent.
- cells were washed with Ca 2+ Mg 2+ -free (free) PBS (PBS-; Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and TrypLE TM Select (catalog number: 12563; Invitrogen) was added. , Incubated at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes. The cells were detached from the plate and collected, and after centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, a culture medium was added to obtain a cell suspension. Cells were seeded at a density of 1: 2 on a plate coated with FNC Coating Mix.
- Example 1 Cultured corneal endothelial transplantation experiment in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin 511-E8 fragment
- cultured corneal endothelial transplantation was performed using laminin 511-E8 fragment as laminin and rabbit bullous keratopathy model as pathological model.
- Rabbit corneal endothelium was mechanically detached using a 20 gauge silicone needle (Soft Tapered Needle; Inami & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to prepare a bullous keratopathy model.
- the Control group cells were not injected into the prepared model.
- the RCEC group cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells were injected into the anterior chamber of the prepared model and allowed to take a lying posture for 3 hours.
- the RCEC + E8 group cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells were injected into the anterior chamber of the prepared model together with DMEM containing a laminin 511-E8 fragment adjusted to a concentration of 2.1 nM to take a depressed posture for 3 hours.
- the corneal thickness of the individual prepared in FIG. 1 was measured over time using an ultrasonic pachymeter (SP-2000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). When measurement was impossible, the upper limit of measurable value was 1200 ⁇ m.
- the histological examination of FIG. 3 was performed as follows. This examination is for confirmation of normal function and was confirmed by immunostaining with Na + / K + -ATPase and ZO-1. This is to confirm the pump function and the barrier function that are functions of the corneal endothelial cell. Na + / K + -ATPase and ZO-1 each show normality of the pump function and the barrier function, which are functions of corneal endothelial cells. The method is as follows.
- Cell observation method such as staining (histological examination)
- cell observation was performed with a phase contrast microscope.
- immunostaining was performed using ZO-1, Na + / K + -ATPase as a function-related marker, and the cells were observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- tissue staining examination corneal tissue removed from rabbits was fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature (RT) and incubated with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 30 minutes.
- RT room temperature
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- ZO-1 which is a tight junction-related protein
- Na + / K + -ATPase which is a protein related to pump function
- ZO-1 and Na + / K + -ATPase were used as markers related to cell function.
- ZO-1, Na + / K + -ATPase staining was performed using ZO-1 polyclonal antibody (Zymed Laboratories, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif.) And Na + / K + -ATPase monoclonal antibody (Upstate Biotec, Inc), respectively. , Lake Placid, NY).
- the secondary antibody used was a 1: 2000 dilution of Alexa Fluor® 488 label (Life Technologies Corp., Carlsbad, Calif.). Cell nuclei were then stained with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, Calif.). Cell morphology was also stained with 1: 400 dilution of Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated phalloidin (Life Technologies Corp., Carlsbad, Calif.). The slides were then observed with a fluorescence microscope (TCS SP2 AOBS; Leica Microsystems, Welzlar, Germany).
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of the anterior ocular segment after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin 511-E8 fragment. From left to right: Control: Rabbit corneal endothelial cells mechanically scraped as a control, RCEC: Rabbit corneal endothelial cells cultured in the prepared model were injected into the anterior chamber and allowed to sit for 3 hours, RCEC + E8 : Anterior eye portion of rabbit corneal endothelial cells cultured in the prepared model and injected into the anterior chamber together with DMEM containing laminin 511-E8 fragment adjusted to a concentration of 2.1 nM and allowed to take a depressed posture for 3 hours Show photos.
- Control Rabbit corneal endothelial cells mechanically scraped as a control
- RCEC Rabbit corneal endothelial cells cultured in the prepared model were injected into the anterior chamber and allowed to sit for 3 hours
- RCEC + E8
- the upper row shows a photograph after one week, and the lower row shows a photograph after two weeks.
- the cornea became cloudy, but in the RCEC + E8 group, the cornea healed transparently, indicating that the cornea healed transparently when cells were injected with laminin.
- FIG. 2 shows changes in corneal thickness after cultured corneal transplantation in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- the corneal thickness began to decrease significantly after administration, and the corneal thickness was about 1200 ⁇ m (measurement limit) in the Control and RCEC groups. The condition was maintained, but in the RCEC + E8 group, the corneal thickness was reduced to an average of 637 ⁇ m on the seventh day. This indicates that transplanting cells with laminin regenerated the corneal endothelium and regenerated the pump and barrier functions.
- FIG. 3 shows the histological examination results after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium using laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- the gene product expressed in normal corneal endothelial cells was expressed. Specifically, Na + / K + -ATPase showing a pump function and ZO-1 (barrier function) showing a tight junction were expressed. In addition, N-cadherin showing an adherence junction is also expressed normally. Further, phalloidin staining showed that the cells were polygonal single-layer cells similar to normal ones. From the above, it was revealed that these cells have recovered normal function.
- laminin or a fragment thereof can remarkably cure a corneal endothelial disease or disorder and restore normal function when administered together with corneal endothelial cells.
- Example 2 Cultured corneal endothelium transplantation experiment in rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin and ROCK inhibitor in combination
- the rabbit corneal endothelium was mechanically detached to prepare a bullous keratopathy model.
- the adhesion of the injected cells to the substrate after 24 hours was compared. After 24 hours, the mice were euthanized, and the corneal tissue was removed and stained with phalloidin to evaluate the morphology and the number of cells attached.
- Corneal endothelial cells were detached without Descemet's membrane detachment, and cultured corneal endothelial cells were injected together with Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M), and corneal endothelial cells were detached without Descemet's membrane detachment to produce laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM ) And Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M), injected into the bullous keratopathy model with Descemet's detachment, and injected with Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M), into the bullous keratopathy model with Descemet's detachment Tests were performed on 4 animals each in 4 groups of injections with laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM) and Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M).
- the corneal thickness was measured with an Ultrasound pachymeter (SP-2000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). When measurement was impossible, the upper limit of measurement was 1200 ⁇ m.
- the intraocular pressure was measured with Tonovet (ME Technica, Tokyo).
- FIG. 4 shows the results of cell adhesion to a substrate 24 hours after cultured corneal endothelial transplantation in a rabbit bullous keratopathy model using laminin and a ROCK inhibitor in combination. Phalloidin staining showed that more cells were attached in individuals injected with cells, laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM) and Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M). Adherent cell density was also significantly higher in individuals injected with cells, laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM) and Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M) (average 717.3 in the absence of laminin).
- FIG. 5 shows that corneal endothelial cells were detached without Descemet's detachment, and cultured corneal endothelial cells were injected together with Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M), corneal endothelial cells were detached without Descemet's detachment, and laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM) and Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M) injected into the bullous keratopathy model with Descemet's membrane detachment injected with Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M) and vesume with Descemet's membrane removed
- An anterior segment photograph of four groups of injections with laminin 511-E8 fragment (2.1 nM) and Y-27632 (+) (100 ⁇ M) is shown in a keratosis model. At 1 week after cell injection, the cornea became transparent regardless of whether the Descemet's membrane was peeled off or whether laminin was used.
- 6 and 7 are graphs showing corneal thickness and intraocular pressure, respectively.
- the corneal thickness thinning of the corneal thickness was delayed when the Descemet's film was peeled off as compared with the case where it was not peeled off, but finally, both were thinned.
- Intraocular pressure was within the normal range throughout the observation period.
- FIG. 8 shows a histological examination after cultured corneal endothelium transplantation using laminin 511-E8 fragment.
- all groups expressed Na + / K + -ATPase (pump function) and ZO-1 (barrier function), and N-cadherin was also expressed normally. Indicated.
- phalloidin staining showed that the morphology was a single layer of polygonal cells similar to normal tissues, and was normal.
- the pump function and tight junction are normally expressed, the adherence junction is also normal, and the normal form is shown. It was revealed that this cell was restored to normal function in the group.
- laminin or its fragments can be used together with ROCK inhibitors and administered with corneal endothelial cells to significantly improve the ability to cure corneal endothelial diseases or disorders and restore normal function. It is understood that
- Example 3 Example in a monkey bullous keratopathy model
- a monkey bullous keratopathy model As an example of a primate, the effect of the combined use of laminin, ROCK inhibitor and corneal endothelial cells was confirmed.
- the Descemet's membrane including the endothelial cell layer is peeled from the corneal tissue, and placed in 1.2 U / ml Dispase I [(Sanko Junyaku) catalog number: GD81060] dissolved in DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen). Incubated at 37 ° C. After 1 hour, corneal endothelial cells were detached from the Descemet's membrane by pipetting and collected, and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes to remove the supernatant. The culture medium was added to the precipitated corneal endothelial cells and mixed, and the whole amount was seeded in a 6-well plate coated with FNC Coating Mix.
- the culture medium was DMEM (catalog number: 12320; Gibco-Invitrogen) with 10% FBS, 50 ⁇ g / ml gentamicin (catalog number: 15710-064; Invitrogen), 10 ⁇ g / ml Y-27632 (catalog number: 6880005; Calbiochem, La Jolla CA), 2 ng / ml basic fibroblast growth factor (catalog number: 13256-029; bFGF; Invitrogen) added.
- Rabbit corneal endothelial cells can be cultured using the previously reported system [Tan DT et al., Lancet., 2012; 379: 1749-1761; Koizumi N et al., Exp Eye Res., 2012; 95, as in monkeys. : 60-67; Koizumi N et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci..2007; 48: 4519-4526; Okumura N et al., Am J Pathol. 2012; 181: 268-277].
- the medium was changed every two days. Passaging was performed when the cells became 50-80% confluent.
- cells were washed with Ca 2+ Mg 2+ -free (free) PBS (PBS-; Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo. Japan), and TrypLE TM Select (catalog number: 12563; Invitrogen) was added. , Incubated at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes. The cells were detached from the plate and collected, and after centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, a culture medium was added to obtain a cell suspension. Cells were seeded at a density of 1: 2 on a plate coated with FNC Coating Mix.
- the corneal endothelium of cynomolgus monkey was mechanically detached using a 20 gauge silicone needle (Soft Tapered Needle; Inami & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to prepare a bullous keratopathy model.
- a 20 gauge silicone needle Soft Tapered Needle; Inami & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cultured monkey corneal endothelial cells were injected into the anterior chamber of a bullous keratopathy model together with DMEM containing laminin 511-E8 fragment adjusted to a concentration of 2.1 nM. I was in a depressing posture for 3 hours.
- DMEM containing laminin 511-E8 fragment adjusted to a concentration of 2.1 nM.
- the corneal thickness was measured with an Ultrasound pachymeter (SP-2000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). When measurement was impossible, the upper limit of measurement was 1200 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the anterior segment after transplantation of cultured corneal endothelium in a monkey bullous keratopathy model combined with laminin 511-E8 fragment. Even in a primate model in which corneal endothelial growth is significantly restricted in vivo, laminin or a fragment thereof of the present invention is used together with a corneal endothelial cell together with a ROCK inhibitor to cure bullous keratopathy. I understood. On the other hand, FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows a photograph of the anterior ocular segment after Descemet's membrane detachment in a monkey bullous keratopathy model and transplantation of cultured corneal endothelial cells using laminin 511-E8 fragment together.
- a model in which cynomolgus monkey corneal endothelial cells were mechanically scraped transparent healing of the cornea was not obtained.
- Transparent healing was obtained in the rabbit bullous keratopathy model, but no therapeutic effect was obtained in the cynomolgus monkey model. This suggests that detachment of the Descemet's membrane may reduce the adhesion of the transplanted cells to the cornea, and the corneal endothelium may not regenerate depending on the animal species.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing changes in corneal thickness of an individual transplanted without desme detachment and an individual transplanted after desme detachment. In the Descemet peeling group, the corneal thickness was not thinned.
- Example 4 Treatment example with laminin coating in Descemet's membrane peeling subject
- DMEM containing laminin 511-E8 fragment prepared by adjusting 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cultured monkey corneal endothelial cells to a concentration of 2.1 nM in the anterior chamber of a bullous keratopathy model, I infused it together and let it take a lying posture for 3 hours.
- laminin 511-E8 fragment was injected into the anterior chamber at a concentration of 21 nM to coat the corneal stroma, which could not be obtained without coating (FIG. 10). Transparent healing was obtained.
- laminin can be used together with a cell suspension to promote cell adhesion as well as to be used as a coating agent in the body and promote the engraftment of cells in the body. Show.
- Example 5 Effect of integrin on cell adhesion of corneal endothelial cells
- the effects of various integrins on cell adhesion of corneal endothelial cells were examined.
- ⁇ Control means the group without laminin 511-E8 fragment ⁇ Mouse IgG (DAKO, X0931) ⁇ Anti-integrin ⁇ 3 (Millipore, MAB1952Z-20) ⁇ Anti-integrin ⁇ 6 (Millipore, MAB1378-20) ⁇ Anti-integrin ⁇ 2 (Millipore, MAB1950Z-20) ⁇ Anti-integrin ⁇ 1 (R & D Systems, MAB17781) Anti-integrin ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 and anti-integrin ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 were used in combination of the above.
- Laminin 511-E8 fragment (same as above example) (Method)
- the medium was completely removed from the culture dish in which human corneal endothelial cells were cultured, and washed twice with PBS ( ⁇ ). After washing, phosphate buffer was added and incubated at 37 ° C. (5% CO 2 ) for 5 minutes. Thereafter, PBS ( ⁇ ) was removed, TrypLE TM Select (10X) (Life Technologies, A12177-01) was added, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. (5% CO 2 ) for 10 minutes. Thereafter, Opti-MEMI (Life Technologies, 31985-070) was added, and the cells were collected.
- a cell suspension was prepared with Opti-MEMI.
- a group in which laminin 511-E8 fragment was not added and a group in which laminin 511-E8 fragment was added to a final concentration of 2.1 nM were prepared.
- mouse IgG and integrin neutralizing antibody were added to the laminin 511-E8 fragment addition group to a final concentration of 2 ⁇ g / ml for adjustment. After the adjustment, 5000 cells were seeded per well of a 96-well plate and incubated at 37 ° C. (5% CO 2 ) for 24 hours.
- Example 6 Activation of cell adhesion-related protein and relationship with integrin
- Example 5 Mouse IgG (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 3 (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 6 (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 2 (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 1 (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1 (same as Example 5) Anti-integrin ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 (same as Example 5) (Method) The medium was completely removed from the culture dish in which human corneal endothelial cells were cultured, and washed twice with PBS ( ⁇ ).
- phosphate buffer was added and incubated at 37 ° C. (5% CO 2 ) for 5 minutes. Thereafter, PBS ( ⁇ ) was removed, TrypLE TM Select (10X) (Life Technologies, A12177-01) was added, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. (5% CO 2 ) for 10 minutes. Thereafter, Opti-MEMI (Life Technologies, 31985-070) was added, and the cells were collected. After collection, the mixture was centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 3 minutes, and a cell suspension was prepared by Opti-MEMI.
- a group in which laminin 511-E8 fragment was not added and a group in which laminin 511-E8 fragment was added to a final concentration of 2.1 nM were prepared.
- mouse IgG and integrin neutralizing antibody were added to the laminin 511-E8 fragment addition group to a final concentration of 2 ⁇ g / ml for adjustment. After the adjustment, 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells were seeded per well of a 12-well plate, and the protein was collected 3 hours after the seeding.
- laminin 511-E8 fragment Although phosphorylation of FAK was promoted by laminin 511-E8 fragment but suppressed by integrin neutralizing antibody, laminin 511 binds to integrin and promotes phosphorylation of FAK to promote substrate adhesion of corneal endothelial cells It is thought that it promotes. Therefore, laminin such as laminin 511-E8 fragment is considered to be applicable to corneal endothelial cell transplantation.
- Example 7 Formulation example: Laminin cell mixed preparation
- a therapeutic solution containing the factor of the present invention is produced as follows.
- Example 8 Formulation example: Laminin coating composition
- a coating solution containing the factor of the present invention is produced as follows.
- the coating solution shown below is prepared by a conventional method.
- Final concentration is 21 nM
- Appropriate buffer appropriate amount total amount 100mL Each component can be obtained as described in Examples 1-4.
- the present invention enables novel treatment of ophthalmology, particularly corneal endothelial cells (particularly human corneal endothelial cells).
- corneal endothelial cells particularly human corneal endothelial cells.
- it is particularly useful in the pharmaceutical industry because it can be brought to a state where bullous keratopathy is almost completely cured.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Laminin ⁇ 5 chain nucleic acid sequence (NM_005560)
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Laminin ⁇ 5 chain amino acid sequence (NP_005551)
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Laminin ⁇ 1 strand nucleic acid sequence (NM_002291)
- SEQ ID NO: 4 Laminin ⁇ 1 chain amino acid sequence (NP_002282)
- SEQ ID NO: 5 Laminin ⁇ 2 strand nucleic acid sequence (NM_002292)
- SEQ ID NO: 6 Laminin ⁇ 2 chain amino acid sequence (NP_002283)
- SEQ ID NO: 7 Laminin ⁇ 1 chain nucleic acid sequence (NM_002293)
- SEQ ID NO: 8 Laminin ⁇ 1 chain amino acid sequence (NP_002284)
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Abstract
Description
(1)ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子を含む、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防剤。
(2)前記ラミニンは、RGD配列を含む、項目1に記載の治療または予防剤。
(3)前記ラミニンは、α5鎖および/またはγ1鎖を含む、項目1または2に記載の治療または予防剤。
(4)前記ラミニンは、ラミニン511(α5β1γ1)およびラミニン521(α5β2γ1)を含む、項目1~3のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(5)前記フラグメントは、角膜内皮細胞の細胞接着能を有する、項目1~4のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(6)前記因子は、ラミニン511、ラミニン521またはラミニン511-E8フラグメントである、項目1~5のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(7)前記角膜内皮は霊長類のものである、項目1~6のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(8)前記角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態は、フックス角膜内皮ジストロフィ、角膜内皮炎、外傷、ならびに眼科手術の障害および状態からなる群より選択される、項目1~7のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(9)前記角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態は、羞明、霧視、視力障害、眼痛、流涙、充血、疼痛、水疱性角膜症、眼の不快感、コントラスト低下、グレア、角膜実質の浮腫、水疱性角膜症、および角膜混濁からなる群より選択される、項目1~8のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(10)前記角膜内皮は、角膜内皮層、デスメ膜、またはその両方を含む、項目1~9のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(11)前記角膜内皮は、デスメ膜が剥離した状態である、項目1~10のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(12)さらに、角膜内皮細胞を含む、項目1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(13)さらに、ROCK阻害剤を含む、項目1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(14)さらに、角膜内皮細胞およびROCK阻害剤を含む、項目1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(15)前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、項目13または14に記載の治療または予防剤。
(16)前記因子は、眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、項目1~15のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(17)前記因子は、約21nM以上で存在する、項目1~16のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(18)さらに角膜内皮細胞が投与されることを特徴とする、項目1~17のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(19)前記因子は、角膜内皮細胞と混合されて提供され、さらに、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子が眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、項目1~18のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(20)さらに、ROCK阻害剤を含む、項目1~19のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(21)前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、項目1~20のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(22)角膜内皮細胞と混合される前記因子は、約2.1nM以上であり、注入される前記因子は約21nM以上である、項目1~21のいずれか一項に記載の治療または予防剤。
(23)角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防のために使用するための、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子。
(24)項目2~22のいずれか1項または複数の項に記載される特徴をさらに備える、項目23に記載の因子。
(25)角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防するための方法であって、該方法は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の有効量を該治療または予防を必要とする被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
(26)項目2~11のいずれか1項または複数の項に記載される特徴をさらに備える、項目25に記載の方法。
(27)さらに、角膜内皮細胞を前記被験体に投与する工程を含む、項目26または26に記載の方法。
(28)さらに、ROCK阻害剤を前記被験体に投与する工程を含む、項目25~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(29)前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、項目28に記載の方法。
(30)さらに、角膜内皮細胞およびROCK阻害剤を前記被験体に投与する工程を含む、項目25~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(31)前記因子は前記被験体の眼内に注入され、眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、項目25~30のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(32)前記因子は、約21nM以上で存在する、項目25~31のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(33)角膜内皮細胞を前記因子とは別に投与する工程をさらに包含する、項目25~32のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(34)前記因子は、角膜内皮細胞と混合されて提供され、さらに、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子が眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、項目25~33のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(35)ROCK阻害剤を前記因子とは別に投与する工程をさらに包含する、項目25~34のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(36)前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、項目25~35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(37)角膜内皮細胞と混合される前記因子は、約2.1nM以上であり、注入される前記因子は約21nM以上である、項目25~32のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(38)ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防のための医薬の製造における使用。
(39)項目2~22のいずれか1項または複数の項に記載される特徴をさらに備える、項目38に記載の使用。
(40)ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防のための使用。
(41)項目2~22のいずれか1項または複数の項に記載される特徴をさらに備える、項目40に記載の使用。
本明細書において「角膜内皮細胞」とは当該分野で用いられる通常の意味で用いられる。角膜とは、眼を構成する層状の組織の一つであり、透明であり、最も外界に近い部分に位置する。角膜は、ヒトでは外側(体表面)から順に5層でできているとされ、外側から角膜上皮、ボーマン膜、固有層、デスメ膜(角膜内皮基底膜)、および角膜内皮で構成される。特に、特定しない限り、上皮および内皮以外の部分は「角膜実質」とまとめて称することがあり、本明細書でもそのように称する。本明細書において「HCEC」(human corneal endothelial cells)とは、ヒト角膜内皮細胞の略称であり、ウサギのものは「RCEC」、サルのものは「MCEC」とも略称する。本発明で使用される角膜内皮細胞は、天然に存在する細胞のほか、幹細胞から分化した細胞、例えばiPS等からの誘導分化細胞を用いることができることが理解される。
本明細書において「ラミニン」とは細胞外マトリックスの基底膜を構成するタンパク質であり、多細胞体制・組織構築とその維持、細胞接着、細胞移動、細胞増殖を促進し、がん細胞と関係が深い。胚発生の初期(2細胞期)に発現するとされる。α鎖、β鎖およびγ鎖のそれぞれ1本ずつからなるヘテロ三量体である。ラミニンの命名は、発見順の名称(ラミニン-1、ラミニン-2等)が知られていたが、サブユニットとの対応は考慮されていないため本明細書では、より新たな命名法である、α、β、γのサブクラスの名称(3桁の番号、百の位はα、十の位はβ、一の位はγを示す。)を併記する方法を採用し、α1、β1およびγ1の場合、ラミニン111などと称する。ラミニンはα鎖が5種、β鎖が3種,γ鎖が3種、見出だされている。従って、理論的な組み合わせの最大数は、5×3×3=45で、45種類のラミニン分子が可能であるが、天然にすべての組み合わせが存在しているわけではないとされている。各サブユニットは、例えばα鎖についてはLAMA1、LAMA2、LAMA3、LAMA4、LAMA5等と称し、β鎖についてはLAMB1、LAMB2、LAMB3と称し、γ鎖についてはLAMC1、LAMC2、LAMC3と称される。本発明で使用されるラミニンタンパク質は天然型であっても、あるいはその生物学的活性、特に細胞接着促進活性を保持したまま1またはそれ以上のアミノ酸残基が修飾された修飾型であってもよい。また、本発明におけるラミニンタンパク質は本明細書に記載した特徴を有する限り、その起源、製法などは限定されない。したがって、本発明で使用されるラミニンタンパク質は、天然産のタンパク質、遺伝子工学的手法により組換えDNAから発現させたタンパク質、あるいは化学合成タンパク質の何れでもよい。本発明で使用されるラミニンタンパク質の由来は特に、限定されないが、好ましくは、ヒト由来のものである。医療材料を得る目的などでヒト細胞を培養する場合には、他の動物に由来する材料の使用を避けるために、ヒト由来のラミニンを用いることが好ましいがこれに限定されない。
(a)配列番号1に記載の塩基配列またはそのフラグメント配列を有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントをコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が、置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有する改変体ポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントであって、生物学的活性を有する改変体ポリペプチドをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号1に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体もしくは対立遺伝子変異体またはそのフラグメントである、ポリヌクレオチド;
(e)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの種相同体またはそのフラグメントをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(f)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドにストリンジェント条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド;または
(g)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドまたはその相補配列に対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%である塩基配列からなり、かつ、生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドであり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンα5鎖の有する活性をいう。α5鎖については、Doi M et al.,J.Biol.Chem. 277(15),12741-12748,2002;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントからなる、ポリペプチド;
(b)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体または対立遺伝子変異体によってコードされる、ポリペプチド;
(d)配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列の種相同体である、ポリペプチド;または
(e)(a)~(d)のいずれか1つのポリペプチドに対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%であるアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド、
であり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンα5鎖の有する活性をいう。α5鎖については、Doi M et al.,J.Biol.Chem. 277(15),12741-12748,2002;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号3に記載の塩基配列またはそのフラグメント配列を有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントをコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が、置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有する改変体ポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントであって、生物学的活性を有する改変体ポリペプチドをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号3に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体もしくは対立遺伝子変異体またはそのフラグメントである、ポリヌクレオチド;
(e)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの種相同体またはそのフラグメントをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(f)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドにストリンジェント条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド;または
(g)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドまたはその相補配列に対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%である塩基配列からなり、かつ、生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドであり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンβ1鎖の有する活性をいう。β1鎖については、Pillarainen et al.,J.Biol.Chem.262(22),10454-10462,1987;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントからなる、ポリペプチド;
(b)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド;
(c)配列番号3に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体または対立遺伝子変異体によってコードされる、ポリペプチド;
(d)配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列の種相同体である、ポリペプチド;または
(e)(a)~(d)のいずれか1つのポリペプチドに対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%であるアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド、
であり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンβ1鎖の有する活性をいう。β1鎖については、Pillarainen et al.,J.Biol.Chem.262(22),10454-10462,1987;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号5に記載の塩基配列またはそのフラグメント配列を有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントをコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が、置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有する改変体ポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントであって、生物学的活性を有する改変体ポリペプチドをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号5に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体もしくは対立遺伝子変異体またはそのフラグメントである、ポリヌクレオチド;
(e)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの種相同体またはそのフラグメントをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(f)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドにストリンジェント条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド;または
(g)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドまたはその相補配列に対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%である塩基配列からなり、かつ、生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドであり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンβ2鎖の有する活性をいう。β2鎖については、Wewer UM et al.,Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):243-52.,1987;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントからなる、ポリペプチド;
(b)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド;
(c)配列番号5に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体または対立遺伝子変異体によってコードされる、ポリペプチド;
(d)配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列の種相同体である、ポリペプチド;または
(e)(a)~(d)のいずれか1つのポリペプチドに対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%であるアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド、
であり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンβ2鎖の有する活性をいう。β2鎖については、Wewer UM et al.,Genomics. 1994 Nov 15;24(2):243-52.,1987;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号7に記載の塩基配列またはそのフラグメント配列を有するポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントをコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が、置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有する改変体ポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントであって、生物学的活性を有する改変体ポリペプチドをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号7に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体もしくは対立遺伝子変異体またはそのフラグメントである、ポリヌクレオチド;
(e)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチドの種相同体またはそのフラグメントをコードする、ポリヌクレオチド;
(f)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドにストリンジェント条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド;または
(g)(a)~(e)のいずれか1つのポリヌクレオチドまたはその相補配列に対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%である塩基配列からなり、かつ、生物学的活性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドであり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンγ1鎖の有する活性をいう。γ1鎖については、Pillarainen et al.,J.Biol.Chem.263(14),6751-6758,1988;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
(a)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列またはそのフラグメントからなる、ポリペプチド;
(b)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列において、1以上のアミノ酸が置換、付加および欠失からなる群より選択される1つの変異を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド;
(c)配列番号7に記載の塩基配列のスプライス変異体または対立遺伝子変異体によってコードされる、ポリペプチド;
(d)配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列の種相同体である、ポリペプチド;または
(e)(a)~(d)のいずれか1つのポリペプチドに対する同一性が少なくとも約70%、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約96%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、少なくとも約99%であるアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ、生物学的活性を有する、ポリペプチド、
、
であり得る。ここで、生物学的活性とは、代表的に、ラミニンγ1鎖の有する活性をいう。γ1鎖については、Pillarainen et al.,J.Biol.Chem.263(14),6751-6758,1988;米国特許第6,933,273号を参照することができる。
本明細書において用いられる分子生物学的手法、生化学的手法、微生物学的手法は、当該分野において周知であり慣用されるものであり、例えば、Sambrook J. et al.(1989).Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harborおよびその3rd Ed.(2001); Ausubel, F. M.(1987).Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Pub. Associates and Wiley-Interscience; Ausubel, F. M.(1989).Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Pub. Associates and Wiley-Interscience; Innis, M. A. (1990). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press; Ausubel, F. M. (1992).Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Pub. Associates; Ausubel, F. M.(1995).Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Pub. Associates; Innis, M. A. et al.(1995). PCR Strategies, Academic Press; Ausubel, F. M. (1999). Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley, and annual updates; Sninsky, J. J. et al.(1999).PCR Applications: Protocols for Functional Genomics, Academic Press, Gait, M. J. (1985). Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Gait, M. J. (1990). Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Eckstein, F.(1991). Oligonucleotides and Analogues: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Adams, R. L. et al.(1992).The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids, Chapman & Hall; Shabarova, Z. et al.(1994). Advanced Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Weinheim; Blackburn, G. M. et al.(1996). Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, Oxford University Press; Hermanson, G. T. (I996). Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press、別冊実験医学「遺伝子導入&発現解析実験法」羊土社、1997などに記載されている。角膜内皮細胞については、Nancy Joyceらの報告{Joyce, 2004 #161} {Joyce, 2003 #7}がよく知られているが、前述のごとく長期培養、継代培養により線維芽細胞様の形質転換を生じるため、効率的な培養法の研究が現在も行われている。これらは本明細書において関連する部分(全部であり得る)が参考として援用される。
以下に好ましい実施形態の説明を記載するが、この実施形態は本発明の例示であり、本発明の範囲はそのような好ましい実施形態に限定されないことが理解されるべきである。当業者はまた、以下のような好ましい実施例を参考にして、本発明の範囲内にある改変、変更などを容易に行うことができることが理解されるべきである。また、任意の実施形態が組み合わせ得ることも理解されるべきである。
1つの局面において、本発明は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子を含む、角膜内皮等の角膜の疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防剤を提供する。この局面において、本発明はまた、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防のために使用するための、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子を提供する。あるいは、この局面において、本発明は、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防するための方法であって、該方法は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の有効量を該治療または予防を必要とする被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法を提供する。この局面において、角膜についていえば、角膜内皮のほか、上皮等でも、同様に治療または予防効果が奏され得ることが理解される。
別の局面において、本発明は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子と、角膜内皮細胞とを用いる、角膜内皮の疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防剤を提供する。ここで、本発明の因子と角膜内皮細胞とは、混合物として用いてもよく、別々に投与されてもよい。したがって、この局面において、本発明は、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防するための方法であって、該方法は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の有効量を該治療または予防を必要とする被験体に投与する工程、ならびに角膜内皮細胞および/またはROCK阻害剤を前記被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法を提供する。この局面の本発明の方法において用いられる因子(ラミニン、そのフラグメント等)、角膜内皮細胞、ROCK阻害剤等は、本明細書において説明される任意の形態を用いることができることが理解される。
初代培養および継代培養時には接着促進作用をもつROCK阻害剤であるY-27632(例えば、WAKO、カタログ番号:253-00513から入手可能)を最終濃度10μmol/lとして48時間添加する。
ROCK阻害剤であるY-27632を最終濃度10μmol/lとして培養中は常に添加する。
Y-27632を添加しないで基本培地としてSB431542(例えば、Merck Millipore,Billerica,MAから入手可能)(1μmol/l)およびSB203580(1μmol/l)を添加したもので培養する。
角膜内皮細胞はレシピエント自身または適切なドナーの角膜から常法で採取される。本発明における移植条件を考慮すれば、同種由来の角膜内皮細胞を準備すればよい。例えば、角膜組織のデスメ膜と内皮細胞層を角膜実質から剥離した後、培養皿に移し、ディスパーゼなどで処理する。これによって角膜内皮細胞はデスメ膜より脱落する。デスメ膜に残存している角膜内皮細胞はピペッティングなどによって脱落させることができる。デスメ膜を除去した後、適切な培養液(例えば、WO2013/100208に記載される)中で角膜内皮細胞を培養する。培地または培養液としては例えば市販のDMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium)(例えば、INVITROGEN、カタログ番号:12320等を)にFBS(ウシ胎仔血清)(例えば、BIOWEST、カタログ番号:S1820-500)、b-FGF(塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子)(例えば、INVITROGEN、カタログ番号:13256-029)、およびペニシリン、ストレプトマイシンなどの抗生物質を適宜添加し、さらにWO2013/100208に例示される培養正常化剤の成分を添加したものを使用することができる。本発明の因子をコーティングして培養を行うことで角膜内皮細胞の培養容器表面への接着が促され、良好な増殖が行われる。また、培養液にラミニンを添加して培養する場合は、培養皿の表面にI型コラーゲン、IV型コラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、ラミニンまたはウシ等の角膜内皮細胞の細胞外マトリックスなどをコーティングしてあるものを使用することが好ましい。あるいは、通常の培養容器をFNC coating mix(登録商標)(50ml(AES-0407)、ATHENA、カタログ番号:0407)等の市販のコーティング剤で処理したものを用いてもよい。角膜内皮細胞を培養する際の温度条件は、角膜内皮細胞が生育する限りにおいて特に限定されないが、例えば約25℃~約45℃、増殖効率を考慮すれば好ましくは約30℃~約40℃、さらに好ましくは約37℃である。培養方法は、通常の細胞培養用インキュベーター内で、加湿下、約5~10%のCO2濃度の環境下で行われる。
培養に供された角膜内皮細胞が増殖した後に継代培養を行うことができる。好ましくはサブコンフルエントないしコンフルエントになった時点で継代培養を行う。継代培養は次のように行うことができる。まずトリプシン-EDTA等で処理することによって細胞を培養容器表面から剥がし、次いで細胞を回収する。回収した細胞に本発明の培養正常化剤または培地を加えて細胞浮遊液とする。細胞を回収する際、あるいは回収後に遠心処理を行うことが好ましい。かかる遠心分離処理によって細胞密度の高い細胞浮遊液を調製することができる。好ましい細胞密度は、約1~2×106個/mLである。尚、ここでの遠心分離処理の条件としては、例えば、500rpm(30g)~1000rpm(70g)、1~10分を挙げることができるがこれらに限定されない。
1つの実施形態では、細胞として、密度勾配遠心分離を用いた高密度角膜内皮細胞の純化して本発明に用いることができる。その方法は代表的に以下のとおりである。低密度細胞と高密度細胞が入り混じった培養ヒト角膜内皮細胞を適宜の手段(例えば、OptiPrepTM)を用いて800×gで15分間密度勾配遠心分離を行うことができる。ペレットおよび上清に含まれる細胞を回収してペレット群および上清群としてそれぞれ適宜の個数(例えば、420個/mm2)ずつ播種し培養することができる。30日後に位相差顕微鏡による形態を観察し、免疫染色による角膜内皮機能関連マーカーの発現の解析および細胞密度・細胞面積を測定する。遠心分離後培養した細胞はペレット群、上清群共単層で多角形の細胞形態を示し、Na+/K+-ATPaseおよびZO-1発現がみられる細胞が得られる。そしてペレット群が一般に細胞密度が有意に高い。細胞面積の中央値(四分位範囲)は、一般にペレット群で低値であり、散らばりが小さい。したがって、これにより、密度勾配遠心分離により高密度の細胞を純化することができ、本発明において使用され得るものであることが理解される。
1つの局面において、本発明は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子を含む、角膜内皮の疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防剤であって、該因子は、眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする治療または予防剤を提供する。したがって、この局面において、本発明はまた、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防するための方法であって、該方法は、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子の有効量を該治療または予防を必要とする被験体に投与する工程を包含する方法であって、ここで前記因子は前記被験体の眼内に注入され、眼内の組織と接触されるものであることを特徴とする方法を提供する。この局面の本発明の方法において用いられる因子(ラミニン、そのフラグメント等)は、本明細書において説明される任意の形態を用いることができることが理解される。ここでは、因子は、眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触される結果、眼内で、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子のコーティング(本明細書においてラミニンコーティングともいう)が形成されることにより、角膜の治癒が促進されるものと理解される。
(使用)
(手法)・(培養)ウサギ角膜内皮細胞(RCEC、入手先および培養方法):以下の実験に使用したウサギ角膜内皮細胞は、角膜組織から内皮細胞層を含むデスメ膜を剥離し,DMEM(Gibco-Invitrogen)に溶解した1.2U/ml Dispase I[(三光純薬) カタログ番号:GD81060]に入れて、37℃でインキュベートした。1時間後,ピペッティングでデスメ膜から角膜内皮細胞を剥離して回収し、1000rpm 5分間遠心分離して上清を除去した.沈殿している角膜内皮細胞に培養培地を加えて混和し、FNC Coating Mixをコートした6ウェルプレートへ全量を播種した。培養培地はDMEM(カタログ番号:12320;Gibco-Invitrogen)に10% FBS、50μg/ml ゲンタマイシン(カタログ番号:15710-064;Invitrogen) 、10μg/ml Y-27632(カタログ番号:6880005;Calbiochem, La Jolla,CA) 、2ng/ml塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(basic fibroblast growth factor;カタログ番号:13256-029;bFGF; Invitrogen)を加えたものを使用した。ウサギの角膜内皮細胞(CEC)の培養には、サルと同様、以前に報告した系[Koizumi Nら、Exp Eye Res.,2012;95:60-67;Koizumi Nら、Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci..2007;48:4519-4526;Okumura Nら、Am J Pathol. 2012;181:268-277]を使用した。
2サンプルの比較の平均値における統計的有意差(P値)は、スチューデントのt検定を用いて決定した。複数のサンプルセットの比較における統計的有意差は、ダネットの多重比較検定を用いて解析した。グラフに示す値は平均±SEを表す。
本実施例では、ラミニンとして、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを用い、病態モデルとして、ウサギ水疱性角膜症モデルを用いて、培養角膜内皮移植を行った。
(使用した試薬等)
本実施例では、以下の試薬等を使用した。
・培養ウサギ角膜内皮細胞(RCECとも略称する。上記のとおり調製したもの)
・ラミニン511 E8フラグメント(株式会社ニッピ、382-02413)
・ウサギ水疱性角膜症モデル(以下の(移植方法)に記載されるように作製)
・このほか、実験手法中において言及したもの
(移植方法)
図1に示す実験は以下のように行った。
図2に示す測定実験は以下のように行った。
図3の組織学的検討は、以下のように行った。この検討は、正常機能の確認のためのものであり、Na+/K+-ATPaseおよびZO-1による免疫染色で確認したものである。角膜内皮細胞の機能であるポンプ機能、バリア機能を確認するためである。Na+/K+-ATPaseおよびZO-1はそれぞれ、角膜内皮細胞の機能であるポンプ機能、バリア機能の正常性を示す。手法は以下のとおりである。
細胞観察は位相差顕微鏡にて行った。また、細胞を固定した後に機能関連マーカーとしてZO-1、Na+/K+-ATPaseを用いて免疫染色を行い蛍光顕微鏡にて観察を行った。組織染色検査のために、ウサギから摘出した角膜組織を4%ホルムアルデヒドで10分間室温(RT)で固定し、1%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)とともに30分間インキュベートした。再生された角膜内皮組織の表現型を調べるために、密着結合関連タンパク質であるZO-1、ポンプ機能に関連するタンパク質であるNa+/K+-ATPaseの免疫組織化学分析を行った。細胞の機能に関連するマーカーとしてZO-1およびNa+/K+-ATPaseを使用した。ZO-1、Na+/K+-ATPaseの染色は、それぞれ、ZO-1ポリクローナル抗体(Zymed Laboratories, Inc., South San Francisco, CA)、Na+/K+-ATPaseモノクローナル抗体(Upstate Biotec, Inc., Lake Placid, NY)の1:200希釈を用いて実施した。二次抗体には、Alexa Fluor(登録商標)488標識(Life Technologies Corp., Carlsbad, CA))の1:2000希釈を使用した。次いで、細胞の核をDAPI(Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA)で染色した。また、細胞の形態を1:400希釈のAlexa Fluor(登録商標)488-conjugated phalloidin (Life Technologies Corp., Carlsbad, CA)により染色した。次いで、スライドを蛍光顕微鏡(TCS SP2 AOBS;Leica Microsystems, Welzlar, Germany)で観察した。
結果を図1~3に示す。図1は、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを用いたウサギ水疱性角膜症モデルにおける培養角膜内皮移植後の前眼部写真である。左からControl:コントロールとしてウサギの角膜内皮細胞を機械的に掻爬したもの、RCEC:作製したモデルに培養したウサギ角膜内皮細胞を前房内に注入してうつむき姿勢を3時間取らせたもの、RCEC+E8:作製したモデルに培養したウサギ角膜内皮細胞を、濃度2.1nMに調整したラミニン511-E8フラグメントを含有するDMEMととともに前房内に注入してうつむき姿勢を3時間取らせたものの前眼部写真を示す。上段は1週間後であり、下段は2週間後の写真を示す。コントロール群およびRCEC群では角膜が混濁したが、RCEC+E8群では角膜が透明治癒したことから、細胞をラミニンとともに注入した場合には角膜が透明治癒することが示された。
以前、培養した角膜内皮細胞をROCK阻害剤とともに前房内に注入することで、細胞の基質への接着を促進することを報告した。そこでラミニンとROCK阻害剤との併用効果を検討した。
(使用した試薬等)
本実施例では、以下の試薬等を使用した。
・培養ウサギ角膜内皮細胞(RCEC、上記のとおり調製したもの)
・ラミニン511-E8フラグメント(実施例1と同じ;株式会社ニッピ、382-02413)
・Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)(カタログ番号:6880005;Calbiochem, La Jolla,CA)
・ウサギ水疱性角膜症モデル(実施例1と同じ;作製法は(移植方法)に記載)
・このほか、実験手法中において言及したもの
(移植方法)
図4に示す実験は以下のように行った。
デスメ膜剥離を行わず角膜内皮細胞を剥離しY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに培養角膜内皮細胞を注入、デスメ膜剥離を行わず角膜内皮細胞を剥離しラミニン511-E8フラグメント(2.1nM)とY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに注入、デスメ膜剥離を行った水疱性角膜症モデルにY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに注入、デスメ膜剥離を行った水疱性角膜症モデルにラミニン511-E8フラグメント(2.1nM)とY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに注入の4群で各4匹ずつで試験を行った。
超音波パキメーター(Ultrasound pachymeter)(SP-2000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan)により角膜厚を測定した。測定不可の場合は測定可能上限値である1200μmとした。また眼圧はトノベット(MEテクニカ、東京)により測定した。
図8に示す組織学的検討は、実施例1と同様の様式で行った。
図4に、ラミニンとROCK阻害剤を併用したウサギ水疱性角膜症モデルにおける培養角膜内皮移植の24時間後の細胞の基質への接着についての結果を示す。ファロイディン染色により細胞とラミニン511-E8フラグメント(2.1nM)とY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに注入した個体においてより多くの細胞が接着していることが示された。また接着した細胞密度は有意に細胞とラミニン511-E8フラグメント(2.1nM)とY-27632(+)(100μM)とともに注入した個体において高い値であった(ラミニン不存在下で平均717.3個/mm2であり、ラミニン存在下で平均1662.8個/mm2にまで増加した。)。このことはROCK阻害剤にラミニンを併用することでも、ラミニンはさらに細胞接着を生体内で促進するものと理解される。
次に、霊長類の例としてサル水疱性角膜症モデルを用いて、同様のラミニンとROCK阻害剤と角膜内皮細胞の移植併用の効果を確認した。
(使用した試薬等)
本実施例では、以下の試薬等を使用した。
・培養サル角膜内皮細胞(ウサギの培養方法と同様に調製したものであるが、以下に再度説明する。)
・ラミニン511-E8フラグメント(実施例1と同じ;株式会社ニッピ、382-02413)
・Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)(実施例2と同じ;カタログ番号:6880005; Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA)
・サル水疱性角膜症モデル(以下の(移植方法)に記載されるように作製した。)
(培養方法)
サル角膜内皮細胞(MCEC)は以下のように入手および培養することができる。具体的には、角膜組織から内皮細胞層を含むデスメ膜を剥離し,DMEM(Gibco-Invitrogen)に溶解した1.2U/ml Dispase I[(三光純薬) カタログ番号:GD81060]に入れて、37℃でインキュベートした。1時間後,ピペッティングでデスメ膜から角膜内皮細胞を剥離して回収し、1000rpm 5分間遠心分離して上清を除去した.沈殿している角膜内皮細胞に培養培地を加えて混和し、FNC Coating Mixをコートした6ウェルプレートへ全量を播種した。培養培地はDMEM(カタログ番号:12320;Gibco-Invitrogen)に10% FBS、50μg/ml ゲンタマイシン(カタログ番号:15710-064;Invitrogen)、10μg/ml Y-27632(カタログ番号:6880005;Calbiochem, La Jolla,CA)、2ng/ml塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(basic fibroblast growth factor;カタログ番号:13256-029;bFGF; Invitrogen)を加えたものを使用した。ウサギの角膜内皮細胞(CEC)の培養には、サルと同様、以前に報告した系[Tan DTら、Lancet., 2012;379:1749-1761; Koizumi Nら、 Exp Eye Res., 2012;95:60-67; Koizumi Nら、 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci..2007;48:4519-4526;Okumura Nら、 Am J Pathol. 2012;181:268-277]を使用した。
カニクイザルの角膜内皮を20ゲージシリコーン針(Soft Tapered Needle; Inami & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)を用いて機械的に剥離して水疱性角膜症モデルを作製した。図9では、水疱性角膜症モデルの前房内に、培養したサル角膜内皮細胞5.0×105個を、濃度2.1nMに調整したラミニン511-E8フラグメントを含有するDMEMととともに注入してうつむき姿勢を3時間取らせた。図10では、作製した水疱性角膜症モデルにおいてデスメ膜剥離を行い同様に、この水疱性角膜症モデルの前房内に、培養したサル角膜内皮細胞5.0×105個を、濃度2.1nMに調整したラミニン511-E8フラグメントを含有するDMEMととともに注入してうつむき姿勢を3時間取らせた。
超音波パキメーター(Ultrasound pachymeter)(SP-2000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan)により角膜厚を測定した。測定不可の場合は測定可能上限値である1200μmとした。
結果を図9~10に示す。図9は、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを併用したサル水疱性角膜症モデルにおける培養角膜内皮移植後の前眼部写真を示す。生体内での角膜内皮増殖が著しく制限される霊長類モデルにおいても本発明のラミニンまたはそのフラグメントは、ROCK阻害剤とともに用いて、角膜内皮細胞とともに投与することで、水疱性角膜症が治癒することが分かった。一方で、図10は、サル水疱性角膜症モデルにおいてデスメ膜剥離を行い、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを併用して培養角膜内皮細胞を移植した後の前眼部写真を示す。カニクイザルの角膜内皮細胞を機械的に掻爬したモデルにおいては、角膜の透明治癒は得られなかった。ウサギ水疱性角膜症モデルにおいては透明治癒が得られたが、カニクイザルモデルにおいては治療効果が得られなかった。このことはデスメ膜を剥離すること移植した細胞の角膜への接着が低下するために動物種によっては角膜内皮が再生しない可能性が示唆された。図11にデスメ剥離を行わずに移植した個体と、デスメ剥離を行って移植した個体の角膜厚の変化をグラフに示す。デスメ剥離群においては角膜厚が菲薄化しなかった一方、デスメ膜剥離しない場合には菲薄化した。
次に、別途デスメ膜剥離により露出した角膜裏側の実質をラミニンでコーティングすることで、ラミニンとROCK阻害剤と角膜内皮細胞の移植併用の効果が改善することを確認した。
(使用した試薬等)
本実施例では、以下の試薬等を使用した。
・培養サル角膜内皮細胞(実施例3のように調製したもの)
・ラミニン511-E8フラグメント(実施例1と同じ;株式会社ニッピ、382-02413)
・Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)(実施例2と同じ;カタログ番号:6880005;Calbiochem, La Jolla,CA)
(方法)
カニクイザルの角膜内皮を20-ゲージシリコーン針(Soft Tapered Needle; Inami & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)を用いて機械的に剥離して水疱性角膜症モデルを作製した。作製した水疱性角膜症モデルにおいてデスメ膜剥離を行い、水疱性角膜症モデルの前房内に、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを21nMの濃度で注入し1時間おいた。このことにより、デスメ膜の剥離により露出した角膜実質を生体内でコーティングした。その後実施例3と同様に、水疱性角膜症モデルの前房内に、培養したサル角膜内皮細胞5.0×105個を、濃度2.1nMに調整したラミニン511-E8フラグメントを含むDMEMととともに注入してうつむき姿勢を3時間取らせた。
結果を図12に示す。図12に示すようにデスメ膜を剥離したのちに前房内にラミニン511-E8フラグメントを21nMの濃度で注入して角膜実質をコーティングすることで、コーティング無しでは得られなかった(図10)角膜の透明治癒が得られた。このことはラミニンは細胞懸濁液とともに注入することで、細胞接着を促進するのみならず、生体内のコーティング剤としても用い、細胞の生体内における生着を促進することが可能であることを示す。
本実施例では、各種インテグリンの角膜内皮細胞の細胞接着への影響を調べた。
(使用した試薬等)
本実施例では、以下の試薬等を使用した。
・コントロールは、ラミニン511-E8フラグメント非添加の群を意味する
・マウスIgG(DAKO、X0931)
・抗インテグリンα3(Millipore、MAB1952Z-20)
・抗インテグリンα6(Millipore、MAB1378-20)
・抗インテグリンα2(Millipore、MAB1950Z-20)
・抗インテグリンβ1(R&D Systems、MAB17781)
・抗インテグリンα3β1および抗インテグリンα6β1は上記を組み合わせたものを使用した。
・ラミニン511-E8フラグメント(上記実施例と同じである)
(方法)
ヒト角膜内皮細胞を培養している培養皿から培地を完全に除去し、PBS(-)で2回洗浄した。洗浄後、リン酸緩衝液を添加し、37℃(5% CO2)で5分間インキュベートした。その後、PBS(-)を除去し、TrypLETMSelect(10X)(Life Technologies、A12177-01)を添加し、37℃(5% CO2)で10分間インキュベートした。その後、Opti-MEMI(Life Technologies、31985-070)を添加し、細胞を回収した。回収後、1200rpmで3分間遠心分離し、Opti-MEMIにて細胞懸濁液を作製した。この時、コントロールとしてラミニン511-E8フラグメント非添加の群、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを最終濃度2.1nMとなるように添加した群を用意した。同時に、ラミニン511-E8フラグメント添加群にはmouseIgG、インテグリン中和抗体を最終濃度2μg/mlになるように添加し、調整した。調整後、96well plateの1wellあたり5000個の細胞を播種し、37℃(5%CO2)で24時間インキュベートした。播種24時間後、培地を完全に除去し、PBS(-)で2回洗浄した。洗浄後、培地とCellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI)を1:1の割合で添加し、2分間遮光で振盪した後、10分間静置した。その後測定した。24h,*p<0.01, Dunnet検定, n=6。
(結果)
結果を図13に示す。示されるように、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを播種時に培地に添加することで角膜内皮細胞の細胞接着はコントロールに対して促進されたが、インテグリンβ1の中和抗体により、細胞接着はコントロールと同程度まで抑制された。
次に、本実施例では、細胞接着関連タンパク質の活性化はインテグリンを介していることを実証した。
(試薬等)
原則として実施例5と同じ条件を用いた。
・マウスIgG(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンα3(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンα6(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンα2(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンβ1(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンα3β1(実施例5と同じである)
・抗インテグリンα6β1(実施例5と同じである)
(方法)
ヒト角膜内皮細胞を培養している培養皿から培地を完全に除去し、PBS(-)で2回洗浄した。洗浄後、リン酸緩衝液を添加し、37℃(5% CO2)で5分間インキュベートした。その後、PBS(-)を除去し、TrypLETMSelect(10X)(Life Technologies、A12177-01)を添加し、37℃(5% CO2)で10分間インキュベートした。その後、Opti-MEMI(Life Technologies、31985-070)を添加し、細胞を回収した。回収後、1200rpmで3分間遠心分離し、Opti-MEMIにより、細胞懸濁液を作製した。この時、コントロールとしてラミニン511-E8フラグメント非添加の群、ラミニン511-E8フラグメントを最終濃度2.1nMとなるように添加した群を用意した。同時に、ラミニン511-E8フラグメント添加群にはmouseIgG、インテグリン中和抗体を最終濃度2μg/mlになるように添加し、調整した。調整後、12well plateの1wellあたり1×105個の細胞を播種し、播種3時間後にタンパク質を回収した。ウエスタンブロッティング法により、Phospho-FAK(Cell Signaling TECHNOLOGY、8556S)、FAK(Cell Signaling TECHNOLOGY、3285S)、p-Paxillin(Cell Signaling TECHNOLOGY、2541S)の検出を行った。各抗体の希釈倍率は1:1000とした。デンシトメトリーはImage Jを用いて定量した。
結果を図14に示す。示されるように、播種3時間後ではp-FAKはラミニン511-E8フラグメントにより促進されたが、インテグリン中和抗体によりコントロールと同程度まで抑制された。p-Paxillinもラミニン511-E8フラグメントにより促進されたが、インテグリンβ1の中和抗体によりコントロールと同程度まで抑制された。このことからE8はインテグリンを介して接着関連タンパク質を活性化することで細胞接着を促進していることがわかる。
本実施例では、製剤例として、本発明の因子を含有する治療液を以下のようにして製造する。
ラミニン511、ラミニン521および/またはそれらのフラグメント(0.75μg/cm2)
最終濃度が2.1nM
培養角膜内皮細胞 (実施例1等に準じて調製したものを適量)
適宜の緩衝液 適量
全量 100mL
本実施例では、製剤例として、本発明の因子を含む、コーティング用溶液を以下のように製造する。
ラミニン511、ラミニン521および/またはそれらのフラグメント(0.75μg/cm2)
最終濃度が21nM
適宜の緩衝液 適量
全量 100mL
各成分は、実施例1~4に記載のように入手することができる。
配列番号2:ラミニンα5鎖アミノ酸配列(NP_005551)
配列番号3:ラミニンβ1鎖核酸配列(NM_002291)
配列番号4:ラミニンβ1鎖アミノ酸配列(NP_002282)
配列番号5:ラミニンβ2鎖核酸配列(NM_002292)
配列番号6:ラミニンβ2鎖アミノ酸配列(NP_002283)
配列番号7:ラミニンγ1鎖核酸配列(NM_002293)
配列番号8:ラミニンγ1鎖アミノ酸配列(NP_002284)
Claims (22)
- ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子を含む、角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態の治療または予防剤。
- 前記ラミニンは、RGD配列を含む、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記ラミニンは、α5鎖および/またはγ1鎖を含む、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記ラミニンは、ラミニン511(α5β1γ1)およびラミニン521(α5β2γ1)を含む、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記フラグメントは、角膜内皮細胞の細胞接着能を有する、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記因子は、ラミニン511、ラミニン521またはラミニン511-E8フラグメントである、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記角膜内皮は霊長類のものである、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態は、フックス角膜内皮ジストロフィ、角膜内皮炎、外傷、ならびに眼科手術の障害および状態からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記角膜内皮疾患、障害または状態は、羞明、霧視、視力障害、眼痛、流涙、充血、疼痛、水疱性角膜症、眼の不快感、コントラスト低下、グレア、角膜実質の浮腫、水疱性角膜症、および角膜混濁からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記角膜内皮は、角膜内皮層、デスメ膜、またはその両方を含む、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記角膜内皮は、デスメ膜が剥離した状態である、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- さらに、角膜内皮細胞を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
- さらに、ROCK阻害剤を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
- さらに、角膜内皮細胞およびROCK阻害剤を含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、請求項13または14に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記因子は、眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記因子は、約21nM以上で存在する、請求項16に記載の治療または予防剤。
- さらに角膜内皮細胞が投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記因子は、角膜内皮細胞と混合されて提供され、さらに、ラミニンおよびそのフラグメントからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの因子が眼内に注入され眼内の組織と接触されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の治療または予防剤。
- さらに、ROCK阻害剤を含む、請求項19に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤は、Y-27632((R)-(+)-トランス-(4-ピリジル)-4-(1-アミノエチル)-シクロヘキサンカルボキサミド2塩酸塩1水和物)、およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩からなる群より選択される、請求項20に記載の治療または予防剤。
- 角膜内皮細胞と混合される前記因子は、約2.1nM以上であり、注入される前記因子は約21nM以上である、請求項19に記載の治療または予防剤。
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US11433013B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2022-09-06 | Caregen Co., Ltd. | Peptide for preventing skin damage caused by air pollutants and for anti-aging, and use thereof |
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