WO2016066131A1 - 一种复合式垂直起降飞行器 - Google Patents

一种复合式垂直起降飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016066131A1
WO2016066131A1 PCT/CN2015/093328 CN2015093328W WO2016066131A1 WO 2016066131 A1 WO2016066131 A1 WO 2016066131A1 CN 2015093328 W CN2015093328 W CN 2015093328W WO 2016066131 A1 WO2016066131 A1 WO 2016066131A1
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Prior art keywords
wing
motor
front wing
propeller
nacelle
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PCT/CN2015/093328
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴建伟
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吴建伟
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Publication of WO2016066131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016066131A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B64C27/26Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft characterised by provision of fixed wings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, and more particularly to a composite vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
  • the S-72 composite aircraft is a compound vertical take-off and landing tester for the "X-wing” system developed by Sikorsky.
  • the aircraft uses the "rotor/wing” technology (Rotor/Wing, RW).
  • the "X-wing” is a concept of a "stopped rotor” system.
  • the main rotor of the four blades can be used to fly vertically like a conventional helicopter. Once it reaches a sufficient forward flight rate, it stops rotating in midair. , as a fixed-wing flight like "X shape”.
  • the "X-wing” uses a circulation control rotor (CCR), which relies on the CCR rotor to blow compressed air from the trailing edge of the rotor blade to propel the rotor.
  • CCR circulation control rotor
  • the X-50A " ⁇ " UAV developed by Boeing is a compound vertical take-off and landing machine. This type of composite aircraft is called a canard Rotor/Wing (CRW) aircraft.
  • the X-50A " ⁇ ” is designed with a helicopter-like wide rotor. It uses a top rotor like a normal helicopter on a take-off. When the plane is flat and the rotor is locked on the fuselage, it becomes a fixed wing.
  • the aircraft has both helicopter-like vertical takeoff and landing and air hovering capabilities, as well as high-speed cruising flights like fixed-wing aircraft. This design not only combines the flight performance of two different types of aircraft, but also enhances their flight envelopes.
  • the X-50A " ⁇ " drone has a duck-shaped front wing and a wide horizontal tail with a glyph/wing on the top. In the helicopter mode, the rotor/wing rotates under the action of the tip of the jet wing, generating lift.
  • the inline rotor/wing is equivalent to a two-blade rotor, which can be used for flapping and leading-lag action with a seesaw hinge, so the X-50A " ⁇ ⁇ " drone compensates for asymmetric lift.
  • the power unit of the X-50A " ⁇ ” drone is a turbofan engine that draws high-pressure airflow from the compressor and delivers it through the pipeline to the wingtips of the rotor/wing to drive the jet tip.
  • the X-50A " ⁇ ” drone has no tail rotor because the jet wing tip does not produce counter-torque. After reaching a certain level of flying speed, the duck front and horizontal tails generate enough lift, and the rotor/wing is locked. As a fixed wing, the airplane turns into a fixed wing state.
  • the X-50A " ⁇ " uses a wide-chord rigid hub that can be locked by a dual-purpose rotor/winged rotor. Short and short The wide and rigid rotating wing fundamentally solves the problem that many slender flexible rotor blades are difficult to solve.
  • the main technical problem of the C RW aircraft is the flight control problem during the conversion of the lift generation mechanism, which is easy to cause control cross-coupling; and the fuselage is easily subject to severe airflow disturbance, and the airspeed in both directions is superimposed and the wing is superimposed. Still in the rotating working state of the rotor, the aircraft will produce an unrecoverable head-up torque that can directly cause the aircraft to lose control.
  • all the "rotor/wing" technology (Rotor/Wing, RW) that is converted in the lift generation mechanism has control problems during the transition of the mechanism. The mechanism is switched for several tens of seconds, and the fast is also 10 seconds. If the conversion is too fast, it will easily lead to loss of control.
  • the conversion of the same mechanism has speed and height restrictions. It can be converted without any conversion anywhere. In the battle, this conversion time and height and speed requirements have caused great trouble to the tactical action.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can more smoothly convert the lift generating mechanism.
  • a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the present invention includes a fuselage, a rotor/wing that can be switched to a rotor state or a fixed wing state, and a locking device for locking the rotor/wing
  • the module, the flight control system and the power module are composed; the position adjustment device is composed of a motor and a propeller connected to the motor power; the governor module is used for respectively adjusting the output power of the motor of each group of the position adjustment device, and the governor module accepts the flight control System control; power module for power supply; 4 sets of position adjustment devices are set on the left front wing, right front wing, left tail, right tail.
  • the flight control system controls the governor module, and the governor module separately adjusts the output power of each group of motors, and controls the flight attitude of the aircraft by adjusting the difference of the thrust generated by each group of posture adjustment devices;
  • the attitude control device of the rotor/wing makes the flight control during the lift generation mechanism transition more stable, and the attitude control device independent of the rotor/wing does not cause the problem of cross-coupling of the flight control, so that the aircraft It can be switched to the fixed-wing mode or helicopter mode more safely and smoothly; and the attitude control device with the motor as the power unit is more sensitive, quicker and easier to operate, thus making the attitude control of the aircraft more stable.
  • the propeller of the attitude adjustment device is arranged to be tiltable between a horizontal position and a vertical position; the attitude adjustment device further includes a tilting tilting of the propeller Transfer device.
  • the propeller can generate vector components of vertical thrust and longitudinal thrust, which can improve the efficiency of the attitude control device for flight attitude control; the direction of the thrust generated by the attitude adjustment device can be between the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Switching is performed to improve the utilization efficiency of the position adjustment device; the yaw control can also be performed by tilting the propeller of the posture adjustment device.
  • the tilting device comprises a nacelle, a movable connecting mechanism, and an actuating device for tilting the nacelle; the actuating device is operatively coupled to the nacelle
  • the nacelle is connected to the horizontal tail or the duck front wing via a movable connection; the nacelle is used to load the transmission; the motor is connected to the propeller through a transmission, and the motor is fixedly connected to the aircraft.
  • the advantage is that the weight of the movable connecting part is reduced, and the horizontal tail or the duck front wing is lightened. load.
  • the tilting device comprises a nacelle, a movable connecting mechanism, and an actuating device for tilting the nacelle; the actuating device and the nacelle are operatively Connection; the nacelle is connected to the horizontal empennage or the cantilevered front wing via a movable connection; the nacelle is used to load the motor; the motor is connected to the propeller through a motor output shaft or transmission.
  • the motor and the propeller can be tilted at the same time.
  • the motor can be connected to the propeller without a complicated transmission such as a drive shaft, which simplifies the structure of the position adjustment device.
  • the attitude adjusting device further comprises a ducted duct, a ducted duct and a propeller comprising a ducted fan, and the ducted duct is connected with the horizontal tail fin or the duck front wing;
  • the tilting device comprises a movable connecting mechanism for actively connecting the ducts, and an actuating device for tilting the ducts;
  • the ducts may be arranged as ring-shaped wings.
  • the propeller is placed in the duct, which can suck in the extra ambient air of the propeller and play a certain role.
  • the role of ejaculation increase.
  • the advantage of setting the duct to a toroidal wing is to increase the area of the airfoil that is horizontally flying in the horizontal direction of the aircraft.
  • the propellers of each group of posture adjusting devices may be disposed at the ends of the left front wing, the right front wing, the left tail, and the right tail, respectively.
  • the propeller of the device is far from the center of gravity of the aircraft, which can improve the efficiency of the posture control of the attitude adjustment device.
  • the movable connecting mechanism is a hinge mechanism or a rotating shaft mechanism; and the actuating device is a servo actuator or a motor-gear set.
  • the power module includes an electric power storage device, a generator, and the generator is electrically coupled to the electric power storage device; and the propeller of the position adjusting device is electrically connected to the generator.
  • the position adjustment device can be used as the deceleration device of the aircraft, and the kinetic energy of the aircraft can be converted into electric energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a working principle diagram of an attitude control device of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an external structural view of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wing/rotor conversion of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tilting device of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an external structural view of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft of the present invention, including a fuselage 8, a rotor/wing that can be switched to a rotor state or a fixed wing state, and a locking rotor/machine.
  • the locking device of the wing 1, the duck front wing 3, the horizontal tail 2, the duck front wing 3 includes a left front wing and a right front wing, and the horizontal tail 2 includes a left tail and a right tail; wherein the aircraft further includes an attitude control device;
  • the working principle diagram of the attitude control device of the composite vertical landing gear of the present invention is shown.
  • the attitude control device is composed of the attitude adjusting device 4, the governor module 9, the flight control system 6, and the power module 5;
  • the motor 4a is composed of a propeller 4b that is electrically connected to the motor 4a;
  • the governor module 9 is configured to respectively adjust the output power of the motor 4a of each set of the position adjusting device 4, and the governor module 9 is controlled by the flight control system 6;
  • Module 5 is used to provide power; there are four sets of postures 4 disposed on the left front wing, the right front wing, the left tail, and the right tail.
  • the power module 5 is used to supply power to the motor 4a, and may also provide power for the power device such as the governor module 9, the flight control system 6, and the like.
  • the power module 5 can be an electric power storage device, such as a rechargeable battery, a super capacitor, a nuclear battery, etc.
  • the rechargeable battery can be a lithium ion battery, or other types of rechargeable batteries such as a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium-lithium battery, or the like.
  • the power module 5 can also be a power generating device, including a power input device for the generator and the power connection generator, and the power input device can be a heat engine or a propeller
  • the power module 5 may also be an electric power storage device to which a power generating device is connected.
  • Motor 4a is optimal for brushless motors, but it is not limited. It can also be other types of motors, such as brush motors, AC motors, DC motors, single-phase motors, three-phase motors, and so on.
  • the governor module 9 can be equipped with an electronic controller (e lectronic speed controller), a DC motor governor, an AC motor governor, etc., which can adjust the output power of the motor; the governor module 9 can be connected to the motor 4a or A module combined with other equipment can also be an independent governor, which can be a single-group output control single-group motor governor, or multiple sets of outputs to control multiple sets of motor governors;
  • the type of the device should match the type of the motor 4a, such as a brushless motor using a brushless electronic governor, a brushed motor using a brushed electronic governor, and the like.
  • the governor module 9 is controlled by the flight control system 6, and the governor module 9 can be signally or electrically coupled to the flight control system 6; the flight control system 6 is an automatic control system for performing flight attitude and motion parameter control, flight control system 6 Electronic flight control system, digital flight control system, fly-by-wire control system and other flight control systems with automatic control capability can be used; flight control system 6 can be used to collect flight attitude data, analyze and process data, automatically issue control signals, and adjust The speeder module 9 controls the output power of the motor 4a to achieve control of the flight attitude of the aircraft.
  • the propeller 4b of the posture adjusting device 4 forms a reaction torque when it is rotated, and it is possible to adopt a means for balancing the reaction torque setting or setting the balance reaction torque. It is possible to set the rotation direction of the propeller 4b of each group of the posture adjusting device 4 to be a combination of the forward and reverse directions, the coaxial positive and negative scull which is counteracted by the reaction torque, and the inclined propeller 4b to balance the reaction torque.
  • the means for balancing the reaction torque may be a tail rotor, a rudder surface disposed below the air flow, or other types of devices, such as the NOTAR tail rotor used by the Boeing MD60 ON helicopter, which is advantageous for jet ejector and rotor downflow.
  • a device that interacts to form an anti-torque; a device that balances the reactive torque is not required. It is also possible to implement the yaw control by means of a method of balancing the reaction torque or a device for balancing the reaction torque.
  • the propeller referred to in the present invention refers to a device that converts engine rotational power into propulsive force by rotation in the air, and fans, blades, rotors, and the like also fall within the scope of the propeller of the present invention.
  • the propeller 4b of the posture device 4 is arranged to be tiltable between a horizontal position and a vertical position; the attitude adjustment device 4 further includes a propeller 4 b tilting tilting device.
  • the horizontal position refers to a position at which the propeller 4b can generate horizontal thrust
  • the vertical position refers to a position at which the propeller 4b can generate vertical thrust.
  • the tilting device may comprise a nacelle 10, a movable connecting mechanism 13 and an actuating device 11 for tilting the nacelle 10; the actuating device 11 is operatively coupled to the nacelle 10; the nacelle 10 is connected via the articulating mechanism 13
  • the horizontal tail 2 or the duck front wing 3 is movably connected; the nacelle 10 is used to load the transmission; the motor 4a is power connected to the propeller 4b via a transmission, and the motor 4a is fixedly coupled to the aircraft.
  • the motor 4a is fixedly connected, and only the propeller 4b is tilted, which can reduce the weight of the movable connecting part and reduce the load of the horizontal tail or the duck front wing; the motor 4a can be fixedly connected with the wing of the horizontal tail or the duck front wing, It is also possible to be fixedly connected to other parts of the aircraft, such as the fuselage 8, etc.; then the motor 4a and the propeller 4b are connected by means of a transmission such as a drive shaft.
  • the tilting device may further comprise a nacelle 10, a movable connecting mechanism 13, an actuating device 11 for tilting the nacelle 10; the actuating device 11 is operatively coupled to the nacelle 10; the nacelle 10 passes
  • the movable connecting mechanism 13 is movably connected to the horizontal tail 2 or the duck front wing 3; the nacelle 10 is used for loading the motor 4a; and the motor 4a is power-connected to the propeller 4b via a motor output shaft or transmission.
  • the motor 4a and the propeller 4b are tilted at the same time, which simplifies the structure of the attitude adjusting device.
  • the tilting of the propeller 4b can be achieved by directly connecting to the motor 4a by means of the movable connecting mechanism 13, the operative connection of the actuating device 11 with the motor 4a, and the like.
  • the attitude adjusting device 4 further includes a ducted duct, and the duct and the propeller 4b constitute a Due ted Fan.
  • the ducts may be movably connected to the horizontal tail 2 or the duck front wing 3; the tilting device comprises a movable connecting mechanism for the movable connecting ducts, and an actuating device 11 for tilting the ducts.
  • the duct can also be set as a ring wing.
  • a nacelle in the duct, the nacelle is connected to the duct body via a connecting rib or a connecting surface, the nacelle is used for loading the motor 4a or the transmission, and the motor 4a is powered by the output shaft or the propeller 4b in the duct and the duct. connection.
  • the propellers 4b of each group of aligning devices 4 are respectively disposed at the ends of the left front wing, the right front wing, the left tail, and the right tail.
  • the movable connecting mechanism 13 may be a hinge mechanism or a rotating shaft mechanism;
  • the actuating device 11 may be a device such as a servo actuator or a motor-gear set.
  • the actuating device 11 can be connected in a variety of ways, and can be connected in different ways depending on the type of actuating device 11, such as direct connection or indirect connection via a mechanism such as crankshaft 12.
  • the actuating device 11 can be signally connected or electrically coupled to the flight control system 6; the servo actuator is an actuator of a flight control system, also known as a steering gear; it can follow the output command of the flight control computer to the aircraft
  • Each control surface is controlled directly (such as a composite steering gear type) or indirectly (such as an auxiliary steering gear type); there are many types of servo actuators, and electro-hydraulic servo actuators can be used, or other types of servos can be used.
  • Actuators such as electric servo actuators or pneumatic servo actuators, and the like. The position where the wing or the front wing and the tail wing are connected to the fuselage 8 is the root.
  • the end of the duck front wing 3 or the end of the horizontal tail 2 refers to the outermost end of the wing body away from the root, " The expressions “tips, tips” and the like are all within the spirit and scope of the "ends" of the present invention.
  • the power module 5 includes an electric power storage device, a generator, and the generator is electrically coupled with the electric power storage device; the propeller 4b and the generator of the attitude adjusting device 4 Power connection; Further improved, the motor 4a includes a rotor and a stator, and the rotor of the motor 4a also serves as a rotor of the generator.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wing/rotor conversion of a composite vertical take-off and landing aircraft according to the present invention
  • the attitude control device can be used for rolling, Control of flight attitude such as pitching and hovering
  • the tilting device can be tilted by 90 degrees to cause the vertical positional thrust of the position-adjusting device 4 as a supplement to the horizontal thrust of the aircraft;
  • attitude control device for flight attitude control during lift generation mechanism transition

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Abstract

一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器,包括机身(8)、可以切换为旋翼状态或固定翼状态的旋翼/机翼(1)、用于锁定所述旋翼/机翼(1)的锁定装置、鸭式前翼(3)、水平尾翼(2),所述的鸭式前翼(3)包括左前翼、右前翼,所述的水平尾翼(2)包括左尾翼、右尾翼;该飞行器还包括姿态控制装置,姿态控制装置由调姿装置(4)、调速器模块(9)、飞行控制系统(6)、电源模块(5)组成;调姿装置(4)由电机(4a)、与电机(4a)功率连接的螺旋桨(4b)组成;有4组调姿装置(4)分别设置在所述的左前翼、右前翼、左尾翼、右尾翼。独立于旋翼/机翼(1)的姿态控制装置不会造成飞行控制交叉耦合的问题,使升力产生机制转换期间的飞行控制更加稳定。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种复合式垂直起降飞行器
[0001] 技术领域
[0002] 本发明涉及一种垂直起降飞行器, 尤其涉及一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器。
[0003] 背景技术
[0004] S-72型复合式飞行器为西科斯基研制的 "X翼"系统的复合式垂直起降试验机, 该飞行器使用了"旋翼 /机翼"技术 (Rotor/Wing, RW) 。 "X翼"是作为 "停转旋翼 " (stopped rotor) 系统的构思, 四片桨叶的主旋翼能用于像常规直升机一样垂 直飞行, 一旦达到足够的前飞速率后就在半空中停止转动, 作为像 "X形状"的固 定翼飞行。 此外, "X翼"采用了环流控制旋翼 (circulation control rotor, CCR) , 依靠 CCR旋翼从旋翼桨叶叶片后缘吹出压缩空气, 推动旋翼转动。
[0005] 波音公司研制的 X-50A"蜻蜓"无人机是一种复合式垂直起降试验机, 这种复合 式飞行器称之为鸭式旋翼 /机翼 (Canard Rotor/Wing, CRW) 飞行器, X-50A"蜻 蜓"设计有类似直升机的宽旋翼, 它在起飞吋就像普通直升机一样使用顶部旋翼 , 当飞机平飞吋, 旋翼被锁定在机身上, 它就成为固定机翼, 从而使飞机既具 有直升机一样的垂直起降和空中悬停能力, 又能像固定翼飞机那样高速巡航飞 行, 这种设计不仅融合了两种不同种类飞机的飞行性能, 提高了各自的飞行包 线, 而且还具有较低的信号特征值和很好的高速飞行生存性。 X-50A "蜻蜓"无人 机具有鸭式前翼和宽大的水平尾翼, 机顶上有一字形的旋翼 /机翼。 在直升机模 式状态下, 旋翼 /机翼在喷气翼尖的作用下旋转, 产生升力。 一字形的旋翼 /机翼 相当于双叶旋翼, 可以用跷跷板铰链完成挥舞和领先 -滞后动作, 所以 X-50A "蜻 蜓"无人机对非对称升力的补偿还是常规的。 X-50A "蜻蜓"无人机的动力装置是 一台涡扇发动机, 从压缩机引出高压气流, 通过管路输送到旋翼 /机翼的翼尖, 驱动喷气翼尖。 由于喷气翼尖不产生反扭力, X-50A"蜻蜓"无人机没有尾桨。 达 到一定的平飞速度后, 鸭式前翼和水平尾翼产生足够的升力, 旋翼 /机翼锁住, 作为固定的机翼, 飞机转入固定翼状态。
[0006] X-50A"蜻蜓"采用宽弦刚性桨毂可锁定的两用旋翼 /机翼 (stopped rotor) 。 粗短 宽厚的刚性旋转机翼从根本上解决了很多细长的柔性旋翼桨叶难以解决的问题
, 但是和常规直升机相比, 这些飞机的悬停和非常规机动性能受到一定损失。 C RW飞行器最主要的技术问题是来自于升力产生机制转换期间的飞行控制问题, 容易造成控制交叉耦合; 而且机身容易受到了严重的气流扰动, 在两个方向的 空速发生叠加而且机翼仍处于旋翼的旋转工作状态吋, 飞机会产生一个难以恢 复的抬头力矩, 可以直接导致飞机失控。 事实上, 所有在升力产生机制中转换 的"旋翼 /机翼"技术 (Rotor/Wing, RW) 都有这个机制转换期间的控制问题, 机 制转换动辄几十秒, 快的也要 10几秒, 转换过快容易造成失控, 同吋机制转换 也有速度和高度的限制, 不是随吋随地想转换就可以转换的。 在战斗中, 这个 转换吋间和高度、 速度的要求给战术动作带来很大的困扰。
[0007] 发明内容
[0008] 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可以更加平稳地转换升力产生机制的复合 式垂直起降飞行器。
[0009] 为解决上述的技术问题, 本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器包括机身、 可以 切换为旋翼状态或固定翼状态的旋翼 /机翼、 用于锁定旋翼 /机翼的锁定装置、 鸭 式前翼、 水平尾翼, 鸭式前翼包括左前翼、 右前翼, 水平尾翼包括左尾翼、 右 尾翼; 其中, 该飞行器还包括姿态控制装置, 姿态控制装置由调姿装置、 调速 器模块、 飞行控制系统、 电源模块组成; 调姿装置由电机、 与电机功率连接的 螺旋桨组成; 调速器模块用于分别调节各组调姿装置的电机的输出功率, 调速 器模块接受飞行控制系统的控制; 电源模块用于提供电源; 有 4组调姿装置分别 设置在左前翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼。 飞行控制系统对调速器模块实施控 制, 调速器模块分别调节各组电机的输出功率, 通过调节各组调姿装置所产生 的推力的差异, 实现对飞行器飞行姿态的控制; 通过设置有独立于旋翼 /机翼 (R otorAVing, RW) 的姿态控制装置, 使升力产生机制转换期间的飞行控制更加稳 定, 独立于旋翼 /机翼的姿态控制装置不会造成飞行控制交叉耦合的问题, 使飞 行器可以更加安全、 平稳地转换到固定翼模式或直升机模式; 而且以电机作为 动力装置的姿态控制装置反应更加灵敏迅速而且更加易于操作, 从而使飞行器 的姿态控制更为稳定。 [0010] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的进一步改进, 调姿装置的螺旋桨设 置为可以在水平位置与垂直位置之间进行倾转; 调姿装置还包括使螺旋桨倾转 的倾转装置。 通过倾转调姿装置的螺旋桨使螺旋桨可以产生垂直推力和纵向推 力的矢量分量, 可以提高姿态控制装置对飞行姿态控制的效率; 调姿装置所产 生的推力的方向可以在垂直方向和水平方向之间进行切换, 提高的调姿装置的 利用效率; 还可以通过倾转调姿装置的螺旋桨, 进行偏航控制。
[0011] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的进一步改进, 倾转装置包括短舱、 活动连接机构、 使短舱倾转的致动装置; 致动装置与短舱可操作地连接; 短舱 通过活动连接机构与水平尾翼或鸭式前翼活动连接; 短舱用于装载传动装置; 电机通过传动装置与螺旋桨功率连接, 电机与飞行器固定连接。 通过仅倾转调 整装置的螺旋桨, 而电机固定地连接在机身、 翼体等飞行器的其它部位, 这样 的好处是, 减轻了活动连接部分部件的重量, 减轻了水平尾翼或鸭式前翼的负 载。
[0012] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的另一个改进, 倾转装置包括短舱、 活动连接机构、 使短舱倾转的致动装置; 致动装置与短舱可操作地连接; 短舱 通过活动连接机构与水平尾翼或鸭式前翼活动连接; 短舱用于装载电机; 电机 通过电机输出轴或传动装置与螺旋桨功率连接。 电机与螺旋桨可以同吋倾转, 电机不用通过传动轴等复杂的传动装置与螺旋桨连接, 这样可以简化调姿装置 的结构。
[0013] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的另一个改进, 调姿装置还包括涵道 , 涵道与螺旋桨组成涵道风扇, 涵道与水平尾翼或鸭式前翼活动连接; 倾转装 置包括活动连接涵道的活动连接机构、 使涵道倾转的致动装置; 涵道可以设置 为环形机翼。 使用涵道风扇功率连接电机, 可以保护飞行器起降场所的人员或 物品不容易受到螺旋桨的伤害, 所以更加安全; 此外螺旋桨置于涵道中, 可以 吸进螺旋桨上层额外的环境空气, 起到一定的引射增升的作用。 涵道设置为环 形机翼的好处是可以增加飞行器水平纵向飞行吋的翼面的面积。
[0014] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的更进一步改进, 可以将各组调姿装 置的螺旋桨分别设置在左前翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼的端部。 可以使调姿 装置的螺旋桨远离飞行器的重心, 这样可以提高调姿装置姿态控制的效率。
[0015] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的更进一步改进, 活动连接机构为铰 链机构或转轴机构; 致动装置为伺服致动器或电机-齿轮组。
[0016] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的更进一步改进, 电源模块包括电功 率储存装置、 发电机, 发电机与电功率储存装置电耦合; 调姿装置的螺旋桨与 发电机功率连接。 这样可以利用调姿装置作为飞行器的减速装置, 还可以将飞 行器的动能转化储存为电能。
[0017] 附图说明
[0018] 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
[0019] 图 1是本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的姿态控制装置工作原理图。
[0020] 图 2是本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的外观结构图。
[0021] 图 3是本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的机翼 /旋翼转换示意图。
[0022] 图 4是本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的倾转装置示意图。
[0023] 具体实施方式
[0024] 图 2所示本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的外观结构图, 包括机身 8、 可以 切换为旋翼状态或固定翼状态的旋翼 /机翼 1、 用于锁定旋翼 /机翼 1的锁定装置、 鸭式前翼 3、 水平尾翼 2, 鸭式前翼 3包括左前翼、 右前翼, 水平尾翼 2包括左尾 翼、 右尾翼; 其中, 该飞行器还包括姿态控制装置; 图 1所示本发明一种复合式 的垂直起降飞行器的姿态控制装置工作原理图, 姿态控制装置由调姿装置 4、 调 速器模块 9、 飞行控制系统 6、 电源模块 5组成; 调姿装置 4由电机 4a、 与电机 4a功 率连接的螺旋桨 4b组成; 调速器模块 9用于分别调节各组调姿装置 4的电机 4a的输 出功率, 调速器模块 9接受飞行控制系统 6的控制; 电源模块 5用于提供电源; 有 4组调姿装置 4分别设置在左前翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼。
[0025] 电源模块 5用于为电机 4a提供电源, 还可以为调速器模块 9、 飞行控制系统 6等 用电装置提供电源。 电源模块 5可以是电功率储存装置, 例如充电电池、 超级电 容、 核电池等等, 充电电池可以采用锂离子电池, 也可以是其它类型的充电电 池例如镍镉电池、 镍氢电池、 铁锂电池等; 电源模块 5也可以是发电装置, 包括 发电机和功率连接发电机的功率输入装置, 功率输入装置可以是热机或螺旋桨 等; 电源模块 5也可以是连接有发电装置的电功率储存装置。 电机 4a采用无刷电 机最优, 但并非是限定, 也可以是其它类型的电机, 如有刷电机、 交流电机、 直流电机、 单相电机、 三相电机等等。 调速器模块 9可以采用包括电子调速器 (e lectronic speed controller) 、 直流电机调速器、 交流电机调速器等可以调节电机 输出功率的装置; 调速器模块 9可以为与电机 4a或其它设备组合在一起的一个模 块, 也可以是独立的调速器, 可以是单组输出控制单组电机的调速器, 也可以 是多组输出分别控制多组电机的调速器; 调速器的类型应该与电机 4a的类型相匹 配, 例如无刷电机采用无刷电子调速器、 有刷电机采用有刷电子调速器等等。 调速器模块 9接受飞行控制系统 6控制, 调速器模块 9可以与飞行控制系统 6信号 连接或电联接; 飞行控制系统 6是进行飞行姿态和运动参数实施控制的自动控制 系统, 飞行控制系统 6可以采用电子飞行控制系统、 数字式飞行控制系统、 电传 操纵系统等具备自动控制能力的飞行控制系统; 可以利用飞行控制系统 6采集飞 行姿态数据、 分析处理数据、 自动发出控制信号, 通过调速器模块 9控制电机 4a 的输出功率, 从而实现对飞行器飞行姿态的控制。
[0026] 调姿装置 4的螺旋桨 4b在旋转吋会形成反作用扭矩, 可以采取平衡反作用扭矩 的设置或者设置平衡反作用扭矩的装置。 可以采用将各组调姿装置 4的螺旋桨 4b 的旋转方向设置为正向与反向两两搭配、 采用反作用扭矩抵消的共轴正反双桨 、 倾斜螺旋桨 4b等可以平衡反作用扭矩的设置。 平衡反作用扭矩的装置可以是 尾桨、 设置在气流下方的舵面, 也可以是其它类型的装置, 例如波音公司 MD60 ON直升机采用的 NOTAR尾桨, 即用喷气引射和旋翼下洗气流的有利交互作用形 成反扭力的装置; 平衡反作用扭矩的装置不是必需的。 还可以利用平衡反作用 扭矩的设置方法或者设置平衡反作用扭矩的装置来实现偏航控制。 本发明所提 及的螺旋桨是指在空气中旋转将发动机转动功率转化为推进力的装置, 风扇、 扇叶、 旋翼等也属于本发明所述螺旋桨的范围。
[0027] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的进一步改进, 调姿装置 4的螺旋桨 4 b设置为可以在水平位置与垂直位置之间进行倾转; 调姿装置 4还包括使螺旋桨 4 b倾转的倾转装置。 所谓水平位置是指螺旋桨 4b可以产生水平推力的位置, 所谓 垂直位置是指螺旋桨 4b可以产生垂直推力的位置。 [0028] 如图 4所示本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的倾转装置示意图, 可以通过 多种方法实现螺旋桨 4b的倾转。 例如倾转装置可以包括短舱 10、 活动连接机构 1 3、 使短舱 10倾转的致动装置 11 ; 致动装置 11与短舱 10可操作地连接; 短舱 10通 过活动连接机构 13与水平尾翼 2或鸭式前翼 3活动连接; 短舱 10用于装载传动装 置; 电机 4a通过传动装置与螺旋桨 4b功率连接, 电机 4a与飞行器固定连接。 电机 4a固定连接, 仅倾转螺旋桨 4b, 这样可以减轻了活动连接部件的重量, 减轻了水 平尾翼或鸭式前翼的负载; 电机 4a可以与水平尾翼或鸭式前翼的翼体固定连接, 还可以与飞行器的其它部位固定连接, 例如机身 8等; 然后利用传动轴等传动装 置功率连接电机 4a与螺旋桨 4b。 作为另一种改进, 倾转装置还可以包括短舱 10、 活动连接机构 13、 使短舱 10倾转的致动装置 11 ; 致动装置 11与短舱 10可操作地 连接; 短舱 10通过活动连接机构 13与水平尾翼 2或鸭式前翼 3活动连接; 短舱 10 用于装载电机 4a; 电机 4a通过电机输出轴或传动装置与螺旋桨 4b功率连接。 电机 4a与螺旋桨 4b同吋倾转, 可以简化调姿装置的结构。 当然, 倾转装置设置短舱不 是必需的, 可以通过利用活动连接机构 13直接与电机 4a连接, 致动装置 11与电机 4a可操作连接等方式实现螺旋桨 4b的倾转。
[0029] 作为另一种改进, 调姿装置 4还包括涵道, 涵道与螺旋桨 4b组成涵道风扇 (Due ted Fan) 。 涵道与可以与水平尾翼 2或鸭式前翼 3活动连接; 倾转装置包括活动 连接涵道的活动连接机构 13、 使涵道倾转的致动装置 11。 涵道还可以设置为环 形机翼。 还可以在涵道中设置有短舱, 短舱通过连接肋或连接面与涵道体连接 , 短舱用于装载电机 4a或传动装置, 电机 4a通过输出轴或传动装置与涵道中的螺 旋桨 4b功率连接。
[0030] 作为以上本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的更进一步改进, 各组调姿装置 4的螺旋桨 4b分别设置在左前翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼的端部。 活动连接机 构 13可以为铰链机构或转轴机构; 致动装置 11可以为伺服致动器或电机-齿轮组 等装置。 致动装置 11的连接方式可以有多种, 可以根据致动装置 11的不同类型 采用不同的可操作的连接方式, 例如直接连接或通过曲轴 12等机构间接连接。 致动装置 11可以与飞行控制系统 6信号连接或电联接; 伺服致动器是指一种飞行 控制系统的执行机构, 亦称舵机; 它可以按照飞控计算机的输出指令对飞行器 的各操纵面进行直接 (如复合舵机型) 或间接 (如辅助舵机型) 控制; 伺服致 动器有多种类型, 可以采用电液伺服致动器, 也可以采用其它类型的伺服致动 器, 例如电动式伺服致动器或气动式伺服致动器等等。 机翼或前翼、 尾翼与机 身 8连接的位置为根部, 本发明所提到鸭式前翼 3的端部或水平尾翼 2的端部是指 远离根部的翼体的最外端, "梢部、 尖部"等表述均属于本发明 "端部 "的精神和 范围之内。
[0031] 作为本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的更进一步改进, 电源模块 5包括电 功率储存装置、 发电机, 发电机与电功率储存装置电耦合; 调姿装置 4的螺旋桨 4b与发电机功率连接; 更进一步地改进, 电机 4a包括转子与定子, 电机 4a的转子 兼作发电机的转子。
[0032] 如图 3所示本发明一种复合式的垂直起降飞行器的机翼 /旋翼转换示意图; 当飞 行器处于直升机模式作垂直起降或悬停吋, 可以利用姿态控制装置进行滚转、 俯仰、 悬停等飞行姿态的控制; 当飞行器处于固定翼模式作纵向水平飞行吋, 可以 90度倾转调姿装置 4使调姿装置 4产生纵向水平推力, 作为飞行器水平推力 的一种补充; 可以利用姿态控制装置作升力产生机制转换期间的飞行姿态控制
, 使飞行器可以平稳地过渡到直升机模式或固定翼模式。
[0033] 最后所应说明的是, 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制, 尽管 参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明, 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解, 可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换, 而不脱离本发明技术方案的精 神和范围; 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、 等同变 化与修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
技术问题
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果

Claims

权利要求书
一种复合式垂直起降飞行器, 包括机身 (8) 、 可以切换为旋翼状态 或固定翼状态的旋翼 /机翼 (1) 、 用于锁定所述旋翼 /机翼 (1) 的锁 定装置、 鸭式前翼 (3) 、 水平尾翼 (2) , 所述的鸭式前翼 (3) 包 括左前翼、 右前翼, 所述的水平尾翼 (2) 包括左尾翼、 右尾翼; 其 特征在于: 该飞行器还包括姿态控制装置, 所述的姿态控制装置由调 姿装置 (4) 、 调速器模块 (9) 、 飞行控制系统 (6) 、 电源模块 (5 ) 组成; 所述的调姿装置 (4) 由电机 (4a) 、 与电机 (4a) 功率连 接的螺旋桨 (4b) 组成; 所述的调速器模块 (9) 用于分别调节各组 调姿装置 (4) 的电机 (4a) 的输出功率, 所述调速器模块 (9) 接受 所述飞行控制系统 (6) 的控制; 所述电源模块 (5) 用于提供电源; 有 4组调姿装置 (4) 分别设置在所述的左前翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右 尾翼。
根据权利要求 1所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 调姿装置 (4) 还包括涵道, 所述的螺旋桨 (4b) 与所述的涵道组成 涵道风扇。
根据权利要求 1所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述调 姿装置 (4) 的螺旋桨 (4b) 设置为可以在水平位置与垂直位置之间 进行倾转; 所述的调姿装置 (4) 还包括使所述螺旋桨 (4b) 倾转的 倾转装置。
根据权利要求 3所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 倾转装置包括短舱 (10) 、 活动连接机构 (13) 、 使短舱 (10) 倾转 的致动装置 (11) ; 所述的致动装置 (11) 与所述的短舱 (10) 可操 作地连接; 所述的短舱 (10) 通过所述的活动连接机构 (13) 与所述 的水平尾翼 (2) 或鸭式前翼 (3) 活动连接; 所述的短舱 (10) 用于 装载传动装置; 所述的电机 (4a) 通过传动装置与所述的螺旋桨 (4b ) 功率连接, 所述的电机 (4a) 与飞行器固定连接。
根据权利要求 3所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 倾转装置包括短舱 (10) 、 活动连接机构 (13) 、 使短舱 (10) 倾转 的致动装置 (11) ; 所述的致动装置 (11) 与所述的短舱 (10) 可操 作地连接; 所述的短舱 (10) 通过所述的活动连接机构 (13) 与所述 的水平尾翼 (2) 或鸭式前翼 (3) 活动连接; 所述的短舱 (10) 用于 装载所述电机 (4a) ; 所述的电机 (4a) 通过电机输出轴或传动装置 与所述的螺旋桨 (4b) 功率连接。
根据权利要求 3所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 调姿装置 (4) 还包括涵道, 所述涵道与所述螺旋桨 (4b) 组成涵道 风扇, 涵道与所述的水平尾翼 (2) 或鸭式前翼 (3) 活动连接; 所述 的倾转装置包括活动连接涵道的活动连接机构 (13) 、 使涵道倾转的 致动装置 ( 11) 。
根据权利要求 6所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 涵道设置为环形机翼。
根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在 于: 所述的各组调姿装置 (4) 的螺旋桨 (4b) 分别设置在所述左前 翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼的端部。
根据权利要求 4至 7中任一项所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在 于: 所述的各组调姿装置 (4) 的螺旋桨 (4b) 分别设置在所述左前 翼、 右前翼、 左尾翼、 右尾翼的端部。
根据权利要求 9所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在于: 所述的 活动连接机构 (13) 为铰链机构或转轴机构; 所述的致动装置 (11) 为伺服致动器或电机-齿轮组。
根据权利要求 3至 7中任一项所述的复合式垂直起降飞行器, 其特征在 于: 所述的电源模块 (5) 包括电功率储存装置、 发电机, 所述的发 电机与所述的电功率储存装置电耦合; 所述的调姿装置 (4) 的螺旋 桨 (4b) 与所述的发电机功率连接。
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