WO2016063867A1 - 伸線加工性および伸線加工後のコイル成形性に優れた軸受用鋼線材 - Google Patents
伸線加工性および伸線加工後のコイル成形性に優れた軸受用鋼線材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016063867A1 WO2016063867A1 PCT/JP2015/079550 JP2015079550W WO2016063867A1 WO 2016063867 A1 WO2016063867 A1 WO 2016063867A1 JP 2015079550 W JP2015079550 W JP 2015079550W WO 2016063867 A1 WO2016063867 A1 WO 2016063867A1
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- wire
- pearlite
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 title description 100
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel wire for bearings having excellent wire drawing workability as hot rolling without performing spheroidizing heat treatment and having excellent coil formability after wire drawing.
- This application claims priority on the basis of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-213479 for which it applied to Japan on October 20, 2014, and uses the content here.
- Bearing steel wire is used as a material for bearing parts such as ball balls for ball bearings and rollers for roller bearings.
- spheroidizing annealing or the like is performed before wire drawing. Further, in some of the small-diameter bearing parts, even if spheroidizing annealing is performed, the wire drawing material is broken by work hardening by wire drawing, and therefore, annealing is further performed in the middle of wire drawing.
- the bearing steel specified in JIS G 4805 is a hypereutectoid steel having a C amount equal to or greater than the eutectoid point and contains Cr. For this reason, pro-eutectoid cementite and martensite are precipitated in a normal steel wire, and the wire drawing workability of such a steel wire is remarkably low. Therefore, at present, spheroidizing annealing is performed before wire drawing to improve the wire drawing workability, but this spheroidizing annealing deteriorates the production efficiency and increases the cost. In recent years, in order to reduce the cost by omitting the spheroidizing annealing, there is a demand for a steel wire for bearings that is hot-rolled and excellent in wire drawing workability.
- the material drawn as it is hot-rolled has high strength, it is difficult to process it into a product shape, and it is necessary to heat-treat the drawn material. In this heat treatment, the drawn material needs to be in a coiled state, so it is important to ensure workability that can be formed into a coil after drawing.
- Patent Document 1 In the high carbon steel wire disclosed in Patent Document 1, the average grain size of ferrite is limited to 20 ⁇ m or less, and the maximum grain size is limited to 120 ⁇ m or less to improve wire drawing workability.
- Patent Document 1 does not aim at omitting the spheroidizing annealing, and technical studies are not made in a region where the amount of Cr added is large. According to the study by the present inventors, sufficient wire drawing workability was not obtained even if the maximum particle size was limited to 120 ⁇ m or less.
- Patent Document 2 proposes to improve the wire drawing workability of a wire by refining a pearlite colony and increasing the amount of proeutectoid cementite.
- sufficient wire drawing workability was not obtained even if the pearlite colonies were refined.
- many proeutectoid cementites are disperse
- the wire drawing workability deteriorated when the precipitation amount of pro-eutectoid cementite was excessive.
- Patent Document 3 the wire drawing workability is improved by controlling the average diameter of the region surrounded by proeutectoid cementite to 20 ⁇ m or less.
- Patent Document 3 also suggests active precipitation of proeutectoid cementite.
- Patent Document 4 the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite is controlled to 3% or more and the lamellar spacing is controlled to 0.15 ⁇ m or less to improve wire drawing workability.
- the lamellar spacing is excessively miniaturized, the strength of the wire becomes too high, so that the burden on the device and the die is increased, and the die life is reduced.
- Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 the rapid cooling after hot rolling suppresses the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite and refines the particle diameter of pro-eutectoid cementite to improve the wire drawing workability.
- the wire drawing workability was improved by reducing the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite and making the pro-eutectoid cementite finer.
- the inventors suppress the formation of proeutectoid cementite by rapid cooling as disclosed in Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6 the hardness of the surface layer region of the wire increases due to a decrease in the transformation temperature. As a result, the inventors have newly found problems such as the occurrence of disconnection during coil forming after wire drawing.
- Patent Document 7 wire drawing workability is improved by controlling the strength of the wire while suppressing the generation of proeutectoid cementite.
- the inventor suppresses the formation of pro-eutectoid cementite at a constant cooling rate as disclosed in Patent Document 7, the hardness of the surface layer region of the wire increases and the hardness between the surface layer region and the center portion increases. The difference in thickness increased, and a new problem was found, such as wire breakage during coil forming.
- Patent Document 8 discloses a method of manufacturing a wire having a hardness of HRC 30 or less so that wire drawing can be performed while hot rolling.
- Patent Document 8 does not disclose components of bearing steel. With the chemical composition of bearing steel disclosed in JIS G 4805, it is difficult to obtain a pearlite structure having a hardness of HRC 30 or less, and even if the hardness is HRC 30 or less, sufficient elongation can be achieved due to the formation of an abnormal structure. The wire workability could not be obtained.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a wire rod having a small ferrite particle size and a large amount of Cr in the carbide.
- the time required for spheroidizing annealing is reduced by promoting spheroidization of carbides during spheroidizing annealing.
- the wire disclosed in Patent Document 9 requires spheroidizing annealing, and sufficient wire drawing workability could not be obtained without omitting spheroidizing annealing.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and has a high wire-drawing property capable of omitting the annealing treatment before the wire drawing and a steel for bearings having a high coil formability after the wire drawing. It aims at providing a wire rod.
- the present inventors examined in detail the influence of the microstructure and internal hardness of the steel wire rod for bearing on the wire drawing workability and the coil formability after wire drawing. As a result, excessive precipitation of pro-eutectoid cementite reduces wire drawing workability, but excessive suppression of pro-eutectoid cementite precipitation increases the hardness of the surface layer region of the wire and reduces coil formability. I found. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that even if a small amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is precipitated, the wire drawing workability can be improved by making the pearlite block finer.
- the present inventors have found that it is important to reduce the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion and the amount of proeutectoid cementite in the surface layer region. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the steel wire according to one aspect of the present invention is, in mass%, C: 0.95 to 1.10%, Si: 0.10 to 0.70%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.20% , Cr: 0.90 to 1.60%, Mo: 0 to 0.25%, B: 0 to 25 ppm, P: 0 to 0.020%, S: 0 to 0.020%, O: 0 to 0 .0010%, N: 0 to 0.030%, Al: 0.010 to 0.100%, balance: Fe and impurities, and in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, half the value of the equivalent circle diameter from the surface is 0
- the surface layer region which is the region between the line separated by a factor of 1 and the surface, has a microstructure composed of pearlite, pro-eutectoid cementite and the balance, and the surface layer region has a Vickers hardness of HV300 to 420.
- the area ratio of the pearlite is 80% or more, and the area ratio of the pro-eutectoid cementite is 2.0.
- the balance is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrite, spherical cementite, and bainite, and is 0.1 times the half value of the equivalent circle diameter from the surface in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- An internal region that is a region including a center surrounded by a line has a microstructure composed of the pearlite, the pro-eutectoid cementite, and the remainder, and the area ratio of the pearlite is 90% or more in the internal region.
- the area ratio of the pro-eutectoid cementite is 5.0% or less, and the balance is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrite, spherical cementite, and bainite, and 40 ⁇ m of the pearlite block present in the pearlite.
- the difference between the Vickers hardness of the central portion that is the region including the center surrounded by a line that is 0.5 times the half value of the circle equivalent diameter from the center and the Vickers hardness of the surface layer region is HV20.0. It is as follows.
- the steel wire described in the above (1) may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of Mo: 0.05 to 0.25% and B: 1 to 25 ppm or less.
- the wire diameter may be 3.5 mm to 5.5 mm.
- the steel wire for bearing according to the above aspect of the present invention has high wire drawing workability that can omit the annealing treatment before wire drawing and high coil formability after wire drawing, so that the yield is not reduced.
- the manufacturing process of the bearing member can be largely omitted, and a good bearing member can be stably manufactured while greatly reducing energy and cost.
- the steel wire for bearing according to the above aspect of the present invention has sufficient hardenability for surface hardening of the bearing component, and can produce a bearing member having excellent surface hardness.
- tissue which mainly made the pearlite in hypereutectoid steel. It is a schematic diagram which shows a surface layer area
- C 0.95 to 1.10% C is essential for imparting the necessary strength to the bearing steel. Therefore, the C amount needs to be 0.95% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.98% or more, more preferably more than 1.00%.
- the C amount needs to be 1.10% or less.
- the C content is preferably 1.08% or less, and more preferably less than 1.05%.
- Si 0.10 to 0.70% Si is useful as a deoxidizer and suppresses precipitation of proeutectoid cementite without reducing the amount of carbon. Furthermore, Si increases the ferrite strength in pearlite. Therefore, the Si amount needs to be 0.10% or more. In order to give stable strength and wire drawing workability to the bearing steel part, the Si amount is preferably 0.12% or more or 0.15% or more, and more than 0.20%. preferable. However, when Si is excessively contained in the steel, SiO 2 inclusions harmful to wire drawing workability and product characteristics of bearing parts are likely to be generated, and the strength is excessively increased and coil formability is deteriorated. . Therefore, the upper limit of the Si amount needs to be 0.70%. In order to further improve the wire drawing workability and the coil formability, the Si content is preferably 0.50% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less or 0.25% or less.
- Mn 0.20 to 1.20% Mn is useful not only for deoxidation and desulfurization, but also for ensuring the hardenability of the steel. Therefore, the amount of Mn needs to be 0.20% or more. In order to further improve the hardenability, the amount of Mn is preferably 0.23% or more, and more preferably more than 0.25%. However, if Mn is excessively contained in the steel, economic waste is caused by saturation of the above effect of Mn, and supercooled structure such as martensite, which is harmful to wire drawing workability in the cooling process after hot rolling. Is likely to occur. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of Mn needs to be 1.20%. The amount of Mn is preferably 1.00% or less, more preferably 0.80% or less or less than 0.50%.
- Cr 0.90 to 1.60% Cr improves hardenability, promotes spheroidization after heat treatment of the wire drawing material, and increases the amount of carbide. Furthermore, Cr is extremely effective in suppressing coarsening of the pearlite block during slow cooling after rolling. However, if the Cr content is less than 0.90%, sufficient Cr effects cannot be obtained, and the product characteristics of the bearing parts are deteriorated. For this reason, the Cr amount needs to be 0.90% or more. In order to obtain higher hardenability, the Cr content is preferably more than 1.00% or 1.10% or more, and more preferably 1.20% or more or 1.30% or more.
- the Cr content is preferably less than 1.50%, and more preferably 1.40% or less.
- P 0 to 0.020%
- P is an impurity. If the P content exceeds 0.020%, P may segregate at the grain boundaries to impair the wire drawing workability of the wire. Therefore, it is preferable to limit the P content to 0.020% or less. More preferably, the P content is limited to 0.015% or less. Moreover, since it is desirable that the P content is small, the lower limit of the P content may be 0%. However, it is not technically easy to reduce the P content to 0%. Further, when the P content is stably reduced to less than 0.001%, the steelmaking cost increases. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content may be 0.001%.
- S 0 to 0.020%
- S is an impurity. If the S content exceeds 0.020%, coarse MnS may be formed and the wire drawing workability of the wire may be impaired. Therefore, it is preferable to limit the S content to 0.020% or less. More preferably, the S content is limited to 0.015% or less. Moreover, since it is desirable that the S content is small, the lower limit of the S content may be 0%. However, it is not technically easy to reduce the S content to 0%. In addition, when the S content is stably reduced to less than 0.001%, the steelmaking cost increases. Therefore, the lower limit of the S content may be 0.001%.
- Mo 0 to 0.25%
- Mo is very effective in improving hardenability, and it is preferable that the steel contains Mo as an optional (optional) chemical element.
- Mo the Mo content exceeds 0.25%, the hardenability becomes excessive, and supercooled structures such as bainite and martensite are likely to occur in the cooling process after hot rolling.
- the upper limit of the Mo amount needs to be 0.25%.
- the Mo amount may be 0.23% or less or less than 0.20% in order to obtain wire drawing workability more stably.
- the lower limit of the Mo amount may be 0%, and the Mo amount may be 0.05% or more in order to further improve the hardenability.
- B 0 to 25 ppm (0 to 0.0025%) B suppresses the formation of pseudo pearlite and bainite by concentrating solute B to the grain boundaries.
- carbides such as Fe 23 (CB) 6 are formed in the structure (austenite at high temperature, ie, prior austenite), and the product characteristics of the bearing component are deteriorated.
- the upper limit of the B amount needs to be 25 ppm.
- B is an optional (optional) chemical element, and the lower limit of the amount of B may be 0 ppm (0%).
- the B content is 1 ppm (0.0001%) or more, 2 ppm (0.0002%) or more, 5 ppm ( 0.0005%) or more.
- O is an impurity.
- the O content exceeds 0.0010%, oxide inclusions are formed, and the wire drawing workability of the wire and the product characteristics of the bearing parts are deteriorated. Therefore, the O content is limited to 0.0010% or less. The smaller the O content, the better. Therefore, 0% is included in the above limit range. However, it is not technically easy to reduce the O content to 0%. Therefore, from the viewpoint of steelmaking cost, the lower limit value of the O content may be 0.0001%. Considering normal operating conditions, the O content is preferably 0.0005% to 0.0010%.
- N 0 to 0.030%
- N is an impurity.
- the N content exceeds 0.030%, coarse inclusions are generated, and the wire drawing processability of the wire and the product characteristics of the bearing parts are deteriorated. Therefore, the N content is 0.030%.
- N combines with Al and B to form nitrides, and these nitrides function as pinning particles to refine the crystal grains. Therefore, if the N content is small, the steel may contain N.
- the lower limit of the N content may be 0.003%. In order to further increase the effect of refining crystal grains, the lower limit of the N content may be 0.005%.
- Al 0.010% to 0.100%
- Al is a deoxidizing element.
- the Al content is set to 0.010% to 0.100%.
- the Al content is preferably 0.015% to 0.078% in order to more reliably prevent the wire drawing workability and the product characteristics from deteriorating. More preferably, the Al content is 0.018% to 0.050%.
- the amount of such impurities conforms to JIS G 4805. That is, the Cu content is limited to 0.20% or less, and the amount of elements other than the elements listed above is limited to 0.25% or less.
- the steel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes C, Si, Mn, and Cr, with the balance being Fe and impurities. Moreover, the steel according to the present embodiment may include at least one chemical element selected from the group of Mo and B. Therefore, the steel according to another embodiment of the present invention includes C, Si, Mn, Cr, and at least one selected from Mo and B as optional (optional) chemical elements, with the remainder being It consists of Fe and impurities.
- the steel according to the present embodiment is classified as hypereutectoid steel based on the amount of essential elements, and impurities include P, S, O, N, Al, and the like.
- FIG. 2A a region (hatched line) from the surface 100 of the steel wire rod to the depth 0.1 ⁇ r (mm) (r: radius of the steel wire rod (half the equivalent circle diameter)) in the C cross section. Part) is referred to as “surface layer region” 10.
- the surface layer region 10 is a surface (C cross-section) separated from the surface 100 of the steel wire by a distance of 0.1 ⁇ r (mm).
- the surface 100 of the steel wire, and the inner region 11 is surrounded by a surface (line in the C cross section) separated from the surface 100 of the steel wire by a distance of 0.1 ⁇ r (mm). This is a region including the center (center line) 101 of the wire. Also, as shown in FIG.
- a region (hatched line) including the center 101 of the wire surrounded by a surface (circle in the C cross section) separated from the center (center line) 101 of the wire by a distance of 0.5 ⁇ r (mm) Part) is called “central part” 12.
- the central portion 12 is included in the inner region 11.
- the C cross section is a cross section (shaded portion) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wire, and the center line (center) 101 extends in the longitudinal direction of the wire.
- pro-eutectoid cementite 2 is precipitated along the prior austenite grain boundaries 1, and a pearlite structure 1 a is formed in a region excluding the pro-eutectoid cementite 2.
- a region called a pearlite block 3 that is, a region having the same crystal orientation of ferrite (each of ferrite between lamellar cementites in pearlite) is formed.
- a region called a pearlite colony 4 that is, a region in which lamellar cementite is aligned in parallel with each other is formed.
- a part of the pearlite block 3 is omitted.
- the main structure is pearlite and the area ratio of pearlite is 90% or more.
- the area ratio of pearlite is preferably 92% or more.
- the upper limit of the area ratio of pearlite may be 100%, but may be 99% or 98% in order to give higher flexibility depending on the manufacturing conditions of the wire.
- the pearlite includes pseudo pearlite.
- the pearlite whose equivalent circle diameter of all the pearlite blocks is 40 ⁇ m or less is 90% or more.
- pro-eutectoid cementite does not particularly disturb the wire drawing workability.
- pro-eutectoid cementite precipitates so as to surround the prior austenite grains, deformation of the prior austenite grains is hindered during wire drawing and wire drawing workability is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite in the inner region to 5.0% or less.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite In order to obtain wire drawing workability more stably, it is preferable to limit the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite to 3.0% or less, and more preferably to limit to less than 3.0% or 2.8% or less. preferable.
- the structure (remainder) other than pearlite and proeutectoid cementite is at least one selected from the group of bainite, ferrite, and spherical cementite, and it is necessary to limit the area ratio of the remainder to 10% or less. In order to obtain wire drawing workability more stably, it is preferable to limit the area ratio of the remainder to 8.0% or less, and preferably to less than 5.0% or 3.0% or less.
- the diameter (particle size) of the pearlite block has a very strong correlation with the ductility, and if the pearlite block is refined, the wire drawing workability is improved.
- the maximum particle size of the pearlite block is limited to 40 ⁇ m or less. That is, the area ratio of the pearlite block having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 40 ⁇ m is required to be 0.62% or less. More preferably, the maximum particle size of the pearlite block is limited to 35 ⁇ m or less. That is, it is more preferable that the area ratio of the pearlite block having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 35 ⁇ m is 0.48% or less.
- the wire drawing material When the wire drawing material is formed into a coil shape, bending and twisting are imparted to the wire drawing material. Since the amount of deformation given by this bending and twisting is the largest in the surface layer region, it is important to control the structure of the surface layer region (the amount of pearlite, the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite, the hardness, and the difference in hardness from the center). is there. For example, if the amount of pearlite is small, the wire drawing material breaks during coil forming. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is large and the pro-eutectoid cementite is present in a network, the wire drawing material is broken during coil forming.
- the area ratio of pearlite is 80% or more, and the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite is required to be 2.0% or less in order to ensure the coil formability.
- the area ratio of pearlite in the surface layer region is preferably 85% or more or 90% or more, more preferably more than 95% or 97% or more.
- pearlite includes pseudo pearlite.
- the structure (remainder) other than pearlite and pro-eutectoid cementite is at least one selected from the group of bainite, ferrite, and spherical cementite, and the area ratio of the remainder needs to be limited to 20% or less.
- the area ratio of the remainder is preferably limited to 15% or less or 10% or less, and limited to less than 5.0% or 3.0% or less. Is preferred.
- the amount of pearlite, the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite, the structure and amount of the remainder for example, the amount of Si contained in ferrite in pearlite, the lamellar spacing of pearlite and the size (particle size) of pearlite block,
- the amount of pseudo-pearlite in pearlite, the form of cementite, the amount of inclusions, the amount of chemical elements (solute) segregated at grain boundaries, and the particle size of prior austenite also affect the coil formability.
- pseudo pearlite in which lamellar cementite in pearlite is granulated may cause non-uniform distortion due to the difference in elongation with the surrounding structure, resulting in a decrease in coil formability.
- a microstructure that summarizes the above factors that affect coil formability Is defined as the hardness of the surface region. If the hardness of the surface region exceeds HV420, the wire breaks during coil forming. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, it is necessary that the hardness in the surface layer region from the surface of the material to the depth of 0.1 ⁇ r (mm) (r: radius of the steel wire) is HV420 or less.
- the hardness in the surface layer region is less than HV300, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of pearlite structure, and the grain size of the prior austenite or pearlite block also increases, and the wire drawing processability is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary that the lower limit of the hardness of the surface region is HV (Vickers hardness) of 300 or more. Therefore, the hardness range of the surface layer region is HV300 to HV420.
- the difference in structure between the surface layer region and the inner region also reduces the coil formability.
- the difference in structure at the position is the largest between the surface of the wire and the center of the wire due to the influence of the chemical composition, the effect of cooling control after hot rolling, and the influence of the distribution of micro chemical elements. Therefore, the difference in structure between the surface layer region and the internal region is defined as the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion. If the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the center portion exceeds 20.0 in HV, the wire breaks during coil forming as shown in FIG. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the center portion to HV20.0 or less. That is, the range of the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion is HV0 to HV20.0.
- the tissue measurement method described above will be described.
- the area ratios of proeutectoid cementite and pearlite were measured as follows. First, after cutting a specimen from an arbitrary position of the wire, and embedding this specimen in resin, rough polishing is performed so that the C cross section of the wire (cross section perpendicular to the center line of the wire) becomes the surface (cut surface). Do. Then, after polishing with alumina as final polishing, it is corroded with 3% nital solution and picral. Thereafter, the corroded surface is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify phases and structures.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the size of the pearlite block was measured as follows. First, after cutting a specimen from an arbitrary position of the wire, and embedding the specimen in a resin, rough polishing is performed so that the C cross section of the wire (cross section perpendicular to the center line of the wire) becomes the surface (cut surface). . Then, finish polishing is sequentially performed with alumina and colloidal silica to remove strain. Then, the total observation visual field of 200000 ⁇ m 2 or more is analyzed for the internal region using a backscattered electron diffractometer (EBSD). Note that it is not necessary to measure 200000 m 2 with one visual field, and the visual field may be divided into a plurality of fields.
- EBSD backscattered electron diffractometer
- a boundary having a crystal orientation (angle) difference of 9 ° or more is defined as a grain boundary of the pearlite block, and the size (grain size) of the pearlite block is measured.
- the size of the pearlite block is an equivalent circle diameter, and the size (diameter) of the largest pearlite block (grain) among the obtained pearlite blocks is defined as the maximum diameter of the pearlite block.
- the hardness of the surface layer region and the center of the C cross section is determined by the local internal structure (microstructure, chemical composition distribution, etc.), it cannot be estimated from the yield strength or tensile strength of the wire. Therefore, the hardness of the surface region and the hardness of the central portion were measured as follows. First, after continuously collecting 3 rings from a wire wound in a ring shape, 24 specimens having a length of about 10 mm are collected from each portion obtained by dividing each ring into 8 equal parts. Four specimens arbitrarily selected from these specimens are embedded in the resin, and the resin is cut so that the C cross section of the wire (the cross section perpendicular to the center line of the wire) becomes the surface (cut surface). After the surface is polished with alumina to remove the strain, the hardness of the surface layer region and the central portion on the polished surface is measured by a hardness test using a Vickers hardness meter.
- the hardness of the surface layer region is evaluated by averaging the results obtained by measuring three or more regions within 0.1 ⁇ r (mm) from the surface of the wire. For example, four point regions are selected from the surface layer region of the C cross section of one specimen so as to be equidistant from each other (90 ° interval), and the hardness of the four point regions is evaluated. Then, this evaluation is performed on the remaining three specimens, and the hardness of a total of 16 points per one wire is measured, and the hardness of the surface layer region is obtained by averaging the hardness of these 16 points. To evaluate.
- the hardness of the central part is an area of 3 points or more within 0.5 ⁇ r (mm) from the center (center line) of the specimen in the same C section as the C section in which the hardness of the surface layer area was evaluated.
- the results obtained by measurement are averaged and evaluated.
- the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the center portion is obtained by converting a value calculated by subtracting the hardness of the center portion from the hardness of the surface layer region into an absolute value. For example, in the same C cross section as the C cross section in which the hardness of the surface layer area is evaluated, three point areas (total of 12 points) from the center are selected, and the hardness of these areas is evaluated. Then, the hardness of the center is evaluated by averaging the hardness of these 12 points. By subtracting the hardness of the center portion from the hardness of the surface layer region described above, the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the center portion is obtained.
- the distance between the measurement areas of the hardness is set so that the indentation formed in this area does not affect the measurement of the remaining hardness. Separate 5 times or more.
- region of a Vickers hardness meter are selected so that a measurement area
- the dimensions of the wire rod according to the present embodiment are not particularly limited. However, considering the productivity of the wire rod and the productivity of bearing parts such as a ball of a ball bearing and a roller of a roller bearing, the wire diameter of the wire rod is 3 diameters. The thickness is desirably 0.5 mm to 5.5 mm, and more desirably 4.0 mm to 5.5 mm. The wire diameter of the wire is evaluated by the equivalent circle diameter.
- the method for producing a steel wire for bearing according to the present invention is not limited to the following procedures and methods, and any method can be used as a method for producing the steel wire for bearing as long as the method can produce the steel wire for bearing according to the present invention. It is possible to adopt.
- Steel slab obtained by adopting normal production conditions can be used as a material subjected to hot rolling (wire rolling).
- hot rolling for example, a soaking process in which a cast piece obtained by casting steel having the above-described chemical composition is held at a temperature range of 1100 to 1200 ° C. for 10 to 20 hours (to reduce segregation caused by casting or the like). Heat treatment).
- a steel slab having a size suitable for wire rod rolling (a steel slab before wire rod rolling generally called billet) is produced from the cast piece after soaking by split rolling. Note that it is advantageous to stably control the structure of the wire as described above if the soaking process is performed on the cast piece.
- the steel slab is heated to 900-1300 ° C. and then rolled while controlling the rolling temperature.
- finish rolling is started from a temperature range of 700 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature at which the finish rolling is finished generally reaches the temperature range of 800 to 1000 ° C. due to the temperature rise due to rolling.
- the temperature of the rolled wire is measured by a radiation thermometer, and strictly means the surface temperature of the steel material.
- the hot-rolled wire is cooled so that the average cooling rate in the temperature range immediately after finish rolling, that is, the temperature immediately after hot rolling to 700 ° C. is in the range of 5 to 20 ° C./s.
- the hot-rolled wire is cooled so that the average cooling rate in the temperature range from 700 ° C. to 650 ° C. is 0.1 to 1 ° C./s, and the pearlite transformation temperature range is in the range of 650 ° C. to 700 ° C. Adjust the cooling rate so that.
- the switching temperature of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, and as long as the average cooling rate in the above temperature range is maintained, the cooling rate may be switched in the vicinity of 700 ° C., and continuously (smooth up to 650 ° C. after hot rolling. B)
- the cooling rate may be changed.
- winding is also performed at the time of cooling, and winding temperature is 700 degreeC or more.
- finish rolling is started from a temperature range of 850 ° C. or less.
- austenite grains are refined to increase the number of pearlite nucleation sites during transformation, and the size of the pearlite block is refined.
- finish rolling is started from a temperature range exceeding 850 ° C., the pearlite block is not sufficiently refined. Therefore, finish rolling is started from a temperature range of 850 ° C. or less.
- finish rolling is started from a temperature range of less than 700 ° C.
- the equipment load during rolling increases, the surface layer region of the wire is excessively cooled, cracks and abnormal structures are generated in the surface layer region, There is a concern that the coil formability is lowered. Therefore, finish rolling is started from a temperature range of 700 ° C. or higher.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 700 ° C. or higher is 5 ° C./s or higher, precipitation of proeutectoid cementite and formation of spherical cementite can be suppressed, and austenite grains refined by finish rolling are finish-rolled. It is possible to suppress the growth due to the heat generated during processing (temperature increase). When the austenite grains become coarse, the pearlite block becomes coarse and the hardness variation also increases. Therefore, in order to sufficiently reduce the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite in the surface region and more stably obtain a fine pearlite block and a uniform hardness in the C cross section, the average cooling rate in a temperature range of 700 ° C.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 700 ° C. or higher is 20 ° C./s or higher, the equipment cost increases and the manufacturing cost increases, and the hardness of the surface layer region increases and the coil formability decreases. . Therefore, the upper limit of the average cooling rate needs to be 20 ° C./s. In order to further reduce the hardness of the surface layer region, the average cooling rate is preferably 15 ° C./s or less. If the wire is wound in a ring shape at less than 700 ° C., the possibility of wrinkling on the surface of the wire increases, so the wire is wound at 700 ° C. or higher.
- the average cooling rate in a temperature range of 700 ° C. or lower is a factor for controlling the pearlite transformation temperature.
- the average cooling rate exceeds 1.0 ° C./s, the pearlite transformation temperature decreases to less than 650 ° C., and the hardness of the surface layer region increases or the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion increases. This leads to a decrease in wire drawing workability and a decrease in coil formability after wire drawing.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 650 ° C. to 700 ° C. needs to be 1.0 ° C./s or less.
- the average cooling rate is preferably 0.8 ° C./s or less.
- the reason for controlling the cooling rate up to 650 ° C. is that the transformation to pearlite is completed when the coiling temperature is 700 ° C. or more and the average cooling rate is 1.0 ° C./s or less. is there.
- the average cooling rate is excessively small, pro-eutectoid cementite precipitates in a large amount in a network form on the prior austenite grain boundaries, and the wire drawing workability deteriorates.
- the lower limit of the average cooling rate is 0.1 ° C./s or more.
- the average cooling rate is preferably 0.3 ° C./s or more.
- the steel wire for bearing according to the present invention does not undergo spheroidizing annealing on the hot-rolled wire after hot rolling. Can be manufactured. You may perform a patenting heat processing with respect to a hot-rolled wire after hot rolling.
- C 0.95 to 1.10%, Si: 0.10 to 0.70%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.20 in mass%. %, Cr: 0.90 to 1.60%, optionally including Mo: 0.25% or less, B: 25 ppm or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities cast into steel Get a piece.
- the slab is rolled into pieces to obtain a steel piece.
- the steel slab is heated to 900 to 1300 ° C., and hot rolling starting from the temperature range of 700 to 850 ° C. is performed on the steel slab to obtain a hot-rolled wire.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the end temperature of hot rolling to 700 ° C is 5 to 20 ° C / s
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 650 to 700 ° C is 0.1 to 1 ° C / s
- the hot-rolled wire is wound and cooled so that the winding end temperature is 700 to 820 ° C.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the amount of chemical components in the wire, the structure of the wire, the wire drawing workability, and the coil formability after wire drawing.
- the basic manufacturing method of the wire according to the present example is as follows. For some steel wires, some or all of the conditions of the basic manufacturing method were changed. The billet was heated to 1000 to 1200 ° C. in a heating furnace, and then hot rolled so that finish rolling was started in a temperature range of 700 to 800 ° C. Thereafter, the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the temperature at the completion of hot rolling to 700 ° C. is 5 to 20 ° C./s, and the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 650 to 700 ° C. is 0.1 to 1 ° C./s. The cooling conditions were controlled stepwise so that the pearlite transformation temperature was 650-700 ° C. The wire diameter of the wire was ⁇ 3.6 mm to 5.5 mm.
- the basic manufacturing conditions were partially changed as described later.
- the following manufacturing method was used instead of the above basic manufacturing method. That is, by controlling the hot rolling conditions, a hot rolled wire rod having an austenite grain size of 9.5 and a wire diameter of 3.0 mm was obtained from a billet. Thereafter, the obtained hot-rolled wire was cooled to 650 ° C. at a constant rate of 9 ° C./second so that the lamellar spacing of pearlite was 0.08 ⁇ m, and 1.0 ° C./second from 650 ° C. to 400 ° C. Cooled at a constant rate.
- the obtained wire was embedded in resin, and rough polishing was performed so that the C cross section of the wire became the surface.
- This surface was finish polished with alumina and then corroded with 3% nital and picral.
- tissue were identified by observation using SEM, and the area ratio of proeutectoid cementite and pearlite was measured by the imaging using SEM.
- the area ratios of proeutectoid cementite and pearlite were measured as follows. For each of the surface layer region and the internal region, 10 regions were photographed at a magnification of 2000 times (total field of view per region: 0.02 mm 2 ). By analyzing the obtained image, the pro-eutectoid cementite region and the pearlite region are extracted, and the area ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite and pearlite is calculated from the area of these regions, and the pro-eutectoid cementite in the surface layer region and the inner region is calculated. And the area ratio of pearlite was obtained.
- the maximum diameter of the pearlite block was measured using a backscatter diffractometer (EBSD).
- EBSD backscatter diffractometer
- the obtained wire was embedded in resin, and rough polishing was performed so that the C cross section of the wire became the surface.
- the pearlite block diameter was measured by regarding the boundary where the azimuth difference was 9 ° or more in the observation visual field as the grain boundary of the pearlite block.
- the diameter of the largest pearlite block (grain) among the obtained pearlite block diameters was determined as the maximum diameter.
- the hardness of the surface layer region was measured as follows. Three rings were sampled from the obtained wire, and eight 10 mm specimens were sampled from each ring at eight equal intervals (at equal intervals). Four arbitrary specimens were selected from the 24 specimens. The selected specimen was embedded in resin, and rough polishing was performed so that the C cross section of the wire became the surface. Furthermore, after finishing polishing with alumina and removing strain from the polished surface, select four regions so that they are equidistant (90 ° intervals) from each other in the surface region of the C cross section of one specimen, The hardness of the four areas was measured.
- this measurement is also performed on the remaining three specimens, the hardness of a total of 16 points per one wire is measured, and the hardness of these 16 points is averaged to obtain the surface layer region of the wire. Obtained hardness.
- the load and measurement region of the Vickers hardness tester were controlled so that the measurement region was separated from the surface of the wire by 3 times the indentation size.
- the difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion was evaluated by the same measurement method as the method for measuring the hardness of the surface layer region.
- a three-point area was selected from the center (area within 0.5 ⁇ r (mm) from the center), and the hardness of these areas was measured.
- the hardness of the central part was calculated by averaging the obtained 12 points of hardness.
- the hardness of the central portion was subtracted from the hardness of the surface layer region described above to obtain a difference in hardness between the surface layer region and the central portion.
- the wire drawing workability evaluation test will be described. Without subjecting the wire to spheroidizing annealing, the wire obtained in order to remove the scale was pickled, and the wire was bonded to form a lubricating coating, and a lime coating was applied to the wire. Then, the evaluation test of the wire drawing workability of the wire was performed. In this test, 25 m of a wire was sampled, and the wire was drawn with a dry single-head wire drawing machine so that the area reduction per pass was 20% and the wire drawing speed was 50 m / min. Drawing was repeated until the wire was broken.
- the true strain (-2 ⁇ Ln (d / d 0 ), d: wire diameter of the drawn wire material, d 0 : wire diameter of the steel wire material) was calculated from the wire diameter of the drawn wire material when the wire was disconnected. This true strain was measured five times, and the average of the five true strains was defined as a breakage generation strain (drawing limit strain).
- Table 2 shows the results. Items that fall outside the scope of the present invention are underlined.
- P means pearlite
- ⁇ means proeutectoid cementite
- M means martensite.
- ferrite, spherical cementite and bainite were observed.
- the maximum particle size indicates the maximum particle size of the pearlite block
- the coarse particle area ratio indicates the area ratio of the pearlite block having a circle-equivalent diameter exceeding 40 ⁇ m in the microstructure.
- the numbers in Table 2 indicate the number of breaks, and the symbol-indicates that no evaluation test was performed.
- wires 1 to 9 are examples of the invention, and even if a true strain of 2.8 or more was applied to the wire, it was not broken and had excellent wire drawing workability. No. All the wires 1 to 9 had excellent formability that could be processed into a coil shape without breaking even when drawn with a total area reduction of 70% or more.
- wires 10 to 14 are comparative examples, and their chemical composition is different from the range of the chemical composition of the wire according to the present invention.
- No. In the wire No. 10 since the amount of C was large, proeutectoid cementite was excessively precipitated in the surface layer region and other regions, and the wire drawing workability and the coil formability deteriorated.
- the amount of any of Mn, Cr, and Mo was large, so that the wire contained martensite, and the wire drawing workability deteriorated.
- wires 15 to 21 are also comparative examples and have the chemical composition of the wire according to the present invention, but differ in the structure of the wire according to the present invention.
- the average cooling rate up to 700 ° C. after finishing rolling was less than 5 ° C./s, so that the proeutectoid cementite was excessively deposited in the surface layer region, and the coil formability deteriorated.
- the hardness of the surface layer region was excessive because the transformation temperature decreased to less than 650 ° C. as a result of rapidly cooling the wire at an average cooling rate of more than 1.0 ° C./s in the temperature range of 650 to 700 ° C.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 650 to 700 ° C. was less than 0.1 ° C./s. Since the precipitation cementite was excessively precipitated and the pearlite area ratio was lowered, the wire drawing workability was lowered. No. In the wire No. 21, since the average cooling rate (constant rate) in the temperature range of 650 to 700 ° C. was over 1.0 ° C./s, the difference in hardness between the surface region and the central portion increased to HV20 or more, and the coil Formability was reduced. No. The wire No.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年10月20日に、日本に出願された特願2014-213479号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(2)上記(1)に記載の鋼線材は、Mo:0.05~0.25%、B:1~25ppm以下からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種をさらに含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の鋼線材では、線径が直径3.5mm~5.5mmであってもよい。
さらに、本発明の上記態様に係る軸受用鋼線材は、軸受部品の表面硬化のために十分な焼入れ性を有しており、優れた表面硬さを有する軸受部材を製造することができる。
Cは、軸受用鋼に必要な強度を付与するために必須である。その為、C量が0.95%以上であることが必要である。軸受用鋼から製造される軸受部品の強度をより高めるために、C量が、0.98%以上であることが好ましく、1.00%超であることがより好ましい。一方、C量が1.10%を超えると、熱間圧延後の冷却過程において、初析セメンタイトの析出を抑制することが難しくなり、伸線加工性やコイル成形性が損なわれる。そのため、C量が1.10%以下であることが必要である。伸線加工性やコイル成形性をより安定的に得るために、C量が1.08%以下であることが好ましく、1.05%未満であることがより好ましい。
Siは、脱酸剤として有用であり、炭素量を減らすことなく初析セメンタイトの析出を抑制する。更に、Siは、パーライト中のフェライト強度を増加させる。そのため、Si量が0.10%以上であることが必要である。軸受鋼部品により安定的な強度及び伸線加工性を付与するために、Si量が、0.12%以上や0.15%以上であることが好ましく、0.20%超であることがさらに好ましい。しかしながら、Siが鋼中に過剰に含まれると、伸線加工性や軸受部品の製品特性に有害なSiO2系介在物が発生し易くなる他、強度が増加しすぎてコイル成形性が低下する。そのため、Si量の上限が0.70%であることが必要である。伸線加工性及びコイル成形性をさらに高めるために、Si量が0.50%以下であることが好ましく、0.30%以下や0.25%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
Mnは、脱酸及び脱硫に有用であるのみならず、鋼の焼入れ性を確保するために有用である。そのため、Mn量が0.20%以上であることが必要である。より焼入れ性を高めるために、Mn量が、0.23%以上であることが好ましく、0.25%超であることがより好ましい。但し、Mnが過剰に鋼中に含まれると、Mnの上記効果の飽和により経済的な無駄が生じる他、熱間圧延後の冷却過程で伸線加工性に有害なマルテンサイトなどの過冷組織が発生しやすくなる。そのため、Mn量の上限が1.20%であることが必要である。Mn量が、1.00%以下であることが好ましく、0.80%以下や0.50%未満であることがより好ましい。
Crは、焼入れ性を向上させると共に伸線材の熱処理後の球状化を促進させ、炭化物量も増加させる。さらに、Crは、圧延後の徐冷時にパーライトブロックの粗大化を抑制するのに極めて有効である。しかしながら、Cr量が0.90%未満では、十分なCrの効果が得られず、軸受部品の製品特性が低下する。そのため、Cr量が0.90%以上であることが必要である。より高い焼入れ性を得るために、Cr量が、1.00%超や1.10%以上であることが好ましく、1.20%以上や1.30%以上であることがより好ましい。一方、Cr量が1.60%超では、焼入れ性が過大となり、熱間圧延後の冷却過程でベイナイト、マルテンサイトなどの過冷組織が発生しやすくなる。そのため、Cr量の上限が1.60%であることが必要である。より安定的な伸線加工性を得るために、Cr量が、1.50%未満であることが好ましく、1.40%以下であることがより好ましい。
Pは不純物である。P含有量が0.020%を超えると、Pが結晶粒界に偏析して線材の伸線加工性を損ねる恐れがある。したがって、P含有量を0.020%以下に制限することが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、P含有量を0.015%以下に制限する。また、P含有量は少ないほど望ましいので、P含有量の下限が0%であってもよい。しかし、P含有量を0%まで減らすのは、技術的に容易でない。また、安定的にP含有量を0.001%未満まで減らすと、製鋼コストが高くなる。よって、P含有量の下限を0.001%としてもよい。
Sは不純物である。S含有量が0.020%を超えると、粗大なMnSが形成して線材の伸線加工性を損ねる恐れがある。したがって、S含有量を0.020%以下に制限することが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、S含有量を0.015%以下に制限する。また、S含有量は少ないほど望ましいので、S含有量の下限が0%であってもよい。しかし、S含有量を0%まで減らすのは、技術的に容易でない。また、安定的にS含有量を0.001%未満まで減らすと、製鋼コストが高くなる。よって、S含有量の下限を0.001%としてもよい。
Moは焼入れ性を向上させるのに非常に有効であり、鋼がMoを任意(オプション)の化学元素として含むことが好ましい。しかしながら、Mo量が0.25%超では、焼入れ性が過大となり、熱間圧延後の冷却過程でベイナイト、マルテンサイトなどの過冷組織が発生しやすくなる。そのため、Mo量の上限が0.25%であることが必要である。鋼にMoが含まれる場合において、伸線加工性をより安定的に得るために、Mo量が0.23%以下や0.20%未満であってもよい。一方、Mo量の下限は、0%でもよく、焼入れ性をより高めるために、Mo量が0.05%以上であってもよい。
Bは、固溶Bの粒界への濃化により疑似パーライトやベイナイトの生成を抑制する。しかしながら、鋼中のB量が過剰であると、組織(高温時におけるオーステナイト、すなわち、旧オーステナイト)中にFe23(CB)6などの炭化物が形成し、軸受部品の製品特性を低下させる。そのため、B量の上限が25ppmであることが必要である。Bは、任意(オプション)の化学元素であり、B量の下限は、0ppm(0%)でもよい。疑似パーライトやベイナイトの生成を抑制し、より安定的な伸線加工性及びコイル成形性を得るために、B量が1ppm(0.0001%)以上や2ppm(0.0002%)以上、5ppm(0.0005%)以上であってもよい。
Oは不純物である。O含有量が0.0010%を超えると、酸化物系介在物が形成されて、線材の伸線加工性や軸受部品の製品特性が低下する。そのため、O含有量を0.0010%以下に制限する。O含有量は少ないほど望ましいので、上記制限範囲に0%が含まれる。ただし、O含有量を0%にするのは、技術的に容易ではない。そのため、製鋼コストの観点から、O含有量の下限値は0.0001%としてもよい。通常の操業条件を考慮すると、O含有量は、0.0005%~0.0010%が好ましい。
Nは不純物である。N含有量が0.030%を超えると、粗大な介在物が生成して、線材の伸線加工性や軸受部品の製品特性が低下する。そのため、N含有量を0.030%とする。Nは、AlやBと結合して窒化物を形成し、この窒化物がピン止め粒子として機能して結晶粒を細粒化する。そのため、N含有量が少量であれば、鋼がNを含んでもよい。例えば、N含有量の下限を0.003%としてもよい。結晶粒を微細化する効果さらに高める場合には、N含有量の下限を0.005%としてもよい。
Alは脱酸元素である。Al含有量が0.010%未満であると、脱酸が不十分となり、酸化物が析出することによって、線材の伸線加工性や軸受部品の製品特性が低下する。一方、Al含有量が0.100%を超えても、AlO系介在物が発生し、線材の伸線加工性や軸受部品の製品特性が低下する。そのため、Al含有量を0.010%~0.100%とする。より確実に伸線加工性や製品特性の低下を防ぐために、Al含有量は、0.015%~0.078%であることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、Al含有量は、0.018%~0.050%である。
本発明において、図2Aに示すような、C断面における鋼線材の表面100から深さ0.1×r(mm)(r:鋼線材の半径(円相当径の半分))までの領域(斜線部)を「表層領域」10と呼ぶ。そして、図2Bに示すような、表層領域10の内方にあって表層領域10以外の領域(斜線部)を「内部領域」11と呼ぶ。即ち、鋼線材の半径(円相当径の半分)をr(mm)と定義したとき、表層領域10は、鋼線材の表面100から距離0.1×r(mm)だけ離れた面(C断面における線)と鋼線材の表面100との間の領域であり、内部領域11は、鋼線材の表面100から距離0.1×r(mm)だけ離れた面(C断面における線)によって囲まれた線材の中心(中心線)101を含む領域である。また、図2Cに示すように、線材の中心(中心線)101から距離0.5×r(mm)だけ離れた面(C断面における円)によって囲まれた線材の中心101を含む領域(斜線部)を「中心部」12と呼ぶ。この中心部12は、内部領域11に含まれている。なお、図2Dに示すように、C断面は、線材の長手方向に垂直な断面(斜線部)であり、中心線(中心)101は、線材の長手方向に延在している。
初析セメンタイトおよびパーライトの面積率は、次のようにして測定した。まず、線材の任意の位置から試片を切り出し、この試片を樹脂に埋めた後、線材のC断面(線材の中心線に垂直な断面)が表面(切断面)となるように粗研磨を行う。その後、仕上げ研磨としてアルミナで研磨した後、3%ナイタール溶液およびピクラールで腐食する。その後、相や組織を同定するために走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて腐食された表面を観察する。さらに、SEMにて、表層領域及び内部領域のそれぞれについて10領域を2000倍にて撮影した(1領域あたりの観察視野:0.02mm2)。画像解析を用いて初析セメンタイトの領域とパーライトの領域とを抽出し、それら領域の面積から初析セメンタイトおよびパーライトの面積率を計算する。
1a パーライト組織
2 初析セメンタイト
3 パーライトブロック
4 パーライトコロニー
10 表層領域
11 内部領域
12 中心部
100 鋼線材の表面
101 中心線(中心・中心軸)
Claims (3)
- 質量%で、
C:0.95~1.10%、
Si:0.10~0.70%、
Mn:0.20~1.20%、
Cr:0.90~1.60%、
Mo:0~0.25%、
B:0~25ppm、
P:0~0.020%、
S:0~0.020%、
O:0~0.0010%、
N:0~0.030%、
Al:0.010~0.100%、
残部:Feおよび不純物
からなり、
長手方向に垂直な断面における、表面から円相当径の半値の0.1倍離れた線と前記表面との間の領域である表層領域は、パーライトと初析セメンタイトと残部とからなるミクロ組織を有し、前記表層領域では、ビッカース硬さがHV300~420であり、前記パーライトの面積率が80%以上であり、前記初析セメンタイトの面積率が2.0%以下であり、前記残部がフェライト、球状セメンタイト、ベイナイトからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、
前記長手方向に垂直な断面における、前記表面から前記円相当径の半値の0.1倍離れた線によって囲まれた中心を含む領域である内部領域は、前記パーライトと前記初析セメンタイトと残部とからなるミクロ組織を有し、前記内部領域では、前記パーライトの面積率が90%以上であり、前記初析セメンタイトの面積率が5.0%以下であり、前記残部がフェライト、球状セメンタイト、ベイナイトからなる群から選択される1種以上であり、前記パーライト中に存在するパーライトブロックのうち40μmを超える円相当径を有するパーライトブロックの面積率が0.62%以下であり、
前記長手方向に垂直な断面における、前記中心から前記円相当径の半値の0.5倍離れた線によって囲まれた前記中心を含む領域である中心部のビッカース硬さと、前記表層領域のビッカース硬さとの差が、HV20.0以下である
ことを特徴とする鋼線材。 - Mo:0.05~0.25%、B:1~25ppmからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼線材。
- 線径が直径3.5mm~5.5mmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の鋼線材。
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US10287660B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
EP3211106A4 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
KR101965082B1 (ko) | 2019-04-02 |
KR20170054492A (ko) | 2017-05-17 |
JP6226082B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
JPWO2016063867A1 (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
CN107075637B (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
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