WO2016063388A1 - 複合材料の成形方法および成形装置 - Google Patents
複合材料の成形方法および成形装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016063388A1 WO2016063388A1 PCT/JP2014/078143 JP2014078143W WO2016063388A1 WO 2016063388 A1 WO2016063388 A1 WO 2016063388A1 JP 2014078143 W JP2014078143 W JP 2014078143W WO 2016063388 A1 WO2016063388 A1 WO 2016063388A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C39/42—Casting under special conditions, e.g. vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C39/24—Feeding the material into the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C39/44—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/002—Making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molding method and molding apparatus for a composite material.
- RTM Resin Transfer Molding
- a reinforced substrate is placed in a cavity in a mold consisting of a pair of lower mold (female mold) and upper mold (male mold) that can be opened and closed, and after closing the mold, resin is injected from the resin injection port. Is injected into a reinforced substrate, and then cured in a cavity.
- the molding time can be shortened by increasing the resin injection pressure.
- the resin injection pressure increases, the pressure in the cavity increases accordingly. If the pressure in the cavity exceeds the clamping pressure applied to the mold, the mold will open. If the mold is opened at the time of molding, burrs are generated in the molded product, causing molding defects. For this reason, it is necessary to load the mold with a high clamping pressure by the press machine, which causes a problem that the size of the press machine increases and the equipment cost increases accordingly.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a method of molding a composite material that can reduce the size of a press machine by reducing the clamping pressure while reducing the molding time and
- An object is to provide a molding apparatus.
- a reinforced substrate is disposed in a cavity in a mold that can be opened and closed, and a resin is placed in the cavity in a state where a mold clamping pressure is applied to the mold.
- a molding method is provided for injecting and curing the resin to form a composite material.
- a pressure threshold value in the cavity is set lower than the mold clamping pressure, and when the resin is injected into the cavity, the pressure in the cavity is increased until the pressure reaches the threshold value.
- An injection pressure equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure is applied to the resin to inject the resin, and after the pressure in the cavity reaches the threshold value, the inside of the cavity is sucked.
- an openable and closable mold having a cavity in which a reinforcing base material is disposed, and a press section for applying a mold clamping pressure to the mold.
- a molding apparatus for a composite material having a resin injection part for injecting a resin into the cavity and a suction part for sucking the inside of the cavity.
- the resin injection section applies an injection pressure equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure to the resin.
- the suction portion sucks the inside of the cavity and the resin injection portion causes the resin to flow without applying the injection pressure to the resin. Inject into the cavity.
- FIG. 3 (A) and 3 (B) are a perspective view and a plan view of a molding die of the molding apparatus.
- 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4A-4A in FIG. 3B
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4B-4B in FIG. 3B.
- 5 (A) and 5 (B) are explanatory views for explaining the operation of the line gate of the molding apparatus, each for explaining a state when the resin is injected, and for sucking the inside of the cavity. It is a figure explaining the mode at the time of doing.
- FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are explanatory views for explaining the inside of the cavity when the resin is injected into the cavity of the molding apparatus, and FIG. 4 (A) and FIG. 4 (B). It is sectional drawing corresponding to. It is a flowchart which shows the shaping
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the time transition of the pressure in the cavity according to the embodiment
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the time transition of the injection pressure of the resin according to the embodiment. is there.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing an automobile part using a composite material
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a vehicle body in which the parts are joined.
- 10A and 10B are explanatory diagrams for explaining the line gate of the molding apparatus according to the modified example, and are diagrams corresponding to FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively.
- 11 (A) and 11 (B) are explanatory views for explaining a line gate of a molding apparatus according to another modified example, and corresponding to FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a molding apparatus 100 for a composite material 200.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the resin injection unit 30.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are a perspective view and a plan view of the mold 10.
- 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4A-4A in FIG. 3B
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4B-4B in FIG. 3B.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams for explaining the operation of the line gate 18, and are diagrams for explaining the state when the resin 220 is injected, respectively. It is a figure explaining a mode when it is.
- the reinforcing base 210 is omitted.
- FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B) are explanatory views for explaining the inside of the cavity 15 when the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15, and are shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B).
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for forming the composite material 200.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the time transition of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 8B shows the time transition of the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 9A is a view showing automobile parts 301 to 303 using the composite material 200, and FIG. 9B is a view showing a vehicle body 300 in which the parts are joined.
- the composite material 200 obtained by the molding method and the molding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is composed of a reinforced base material 210 and a resin 220.
- the composite material 200 having higher strength and rigidity than the resin 220 alone is obtained.
- a frame part such as a front side member 301 and a pillar 302, which is a part used in a car body 300 (see FIG. 9B) of an automobile, and an outer plate part such as a roof 303.
- the reinforced substrate 210 is formed of a woven sheet of carbon fiber, glass fiber, organic fiber or the like, and is placed in the cavity 15 formed in the mold 10 in a laminated state and preformed.
- a carbon fiber having a small thermal expansion coefficient, excellent dimensional stability, and little deterioration in mechanical properties even at high temperatures is used.
- the preform may be performed by another mold other than the mold 10.
- an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, or the like, which is a thermosetting resin is used as the resin 220.
- an epoxy resin having excellent mechanical characteristics and dimensional stability is used.
- Epoxy resin is mainly a two-component type, and a main agent and a curing agent are mixed and used.
- the main agent is generally a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, and the curing agent is an amine-based one.
- the main agent is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to desired material characteristics.
- the molding apparatus 100 can be outlined as follows: a mold 10 that can be opened and closed in which a cavity 15 in which a carbon fiber 210 (corresponding to a reinforced base material) is disposed, and a mold 10. And a press part 20 for applying a mold clamping pressure Pm, and a resin injection part 30 for injecting a resin 220 into the cavity 15.
- the molding apparatus 100 includes an injection valve 40 that is provided in the resin injection unit 30 and that can adjust the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220, a pressure gauge 50 that measures the pressure Pr in the cavity 15, and a suction unit 60 that sucks the inside of the cavity 15. And a mold temperature adjusting unit 70 that adjusts the temperature of the mold 10, and a control unit 80 that controls the operation of the entire molding apparatus 100.
- the molding apparatus 100 will be described in detail.
- the mold 10 includes a pair of upper and lower molds 11 (male), a lower mold 12 (female), injection ports 13a and 13b, suction ports 14, cavities 15, and channels 16a and 16b. 17 and a line gate 18.
- the carbon fiber 210 is placed in the cavity 15 in advance in a state of being laminated and preformed.
- the inlets 13 a and 13 b are provided in the lower part of the lower mold 12.
- the inlets 13 a and 13 b are connected to the resin injection part 30.
- the suction port 14 is provided at the lower center of the lower mold 12.
- the suction port 14 is connected to the suction unit 60.
- the cavity 15 is formed by an inner surface S1 of the upper mold 11 and an inner surface S2 of the lower mold 12 so as to be hermetically sealed.
- a sealing member or the like may be provided on the mating surface of the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12.
- the channel 16a (16b) is in fluid communication with the inlet 13a (13b).
- the resin 220 injected into the injection port 13a (13b) from the resin injection part 30 is guided into the cavity 15 through the flow path 16a (16b).
- the flow path 17 is in fluid communication with the suction port 14.
- the inside of the cavity 15 is sucked by the suction portion 60 through the flow path 17 and the suction port 14.
- the line gate 18 is provided in a rectangular shape on the inner surface S2 of the lower mold 12 as shown in FIGS.
- the resin 220 injected from the injection ports 13 a and 13 b easily spreads efficiently in the cavity 15.
- the impregnation of the resin 220 into the carbon fiber 210 is promoted.
- resin 220 injected from injection port 13a (13b) is guided to cavity 15 through flow path 16a (16b).
- the resin 220 introduced into the cavity 15 is impregnated from the bottom surface of the carbon fiber 210 while spreading along the line gate 18 as indicated by arrows.
- the resin 220 Since the carbon fiber 210 is impregnated while spreading along the line gate 18, the resin 220 is efficiently impregnated.
- a part of the resin 220 is part of the carbon fiber 210 and the upper mold 11 as indicated by arrows. Further, the carbon fiber 210 spreads to the side surface side and the upper surface side through the space between the lower mold 12 and the lower mold 12. Then, the resin 220 is also impregnated into the inside from the side and top surfaces of the carbon fibers 210.
- the pressing unit 20 applies a clamping pressure Pm to the upper mold 11 of the mold 10.
- the press unit 20 includes a cylinder 21 that uses fluid pressure such as hydraulic pressure, and adjusts the mold clamping pressure Pm by controlling the hydraulic pressure or the like.
- the resin injection unit 30 applies the injection pressure Pi and injects the resin 220 into the cavity 15 until the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc. On the other hand, after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc, the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15 without loading the injection pressure Pi.
- the resin injection part 30 includes a main agent tank 31, a curing agent tank 32, tubes 33a, 33b, 36, 37a, 37b, pressure gauges 34a, 34b, and pumps 35a, 35b. And buffers 38a and 38b and an injection valve 40.
- the main agent tank 31 is filled with the main agent, and the curing agent tank 32 is filled with the curing agent.
- the pressure gauges 34a and 34b are arranged in tubes 37a and 37b near the inlets 13a and 13b, respectively, in order to measure the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220.
- pumps 35a and 35b are disposed in tubes 33a and 33b connected to main agent tank 31 and hardener tank 32, respectively.
- the pumps 35a and 35b discharge the main agent and the curing agent toward the injection valve 40 at a constant pressure.
- the tube 36 connects an injection valve 40 and buffers 38a and 38b, which will be described later, and the tube 37a (37b) connects the buffer 38a (38b) and the injection port 13a (13b).
- the resin 220 discharged from the injection valve 40 is guided to the injection port 13a (13b) through the tube 36, the buffer 38a (38b), and the tube 37a (37b) in this order.
- the buffer 38a (38b) is connected in fluid communication with the tube 36 and the tube 37a (37b).
- a certain amount of the resin 220 is stored in the buffers 38a and 38b. Since a certain amount of the resin 220 is stored in the buffers 38a and 38b, the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15 without applying the injection pressure Pi after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc. Is done.
- the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 and the pressure in the buffers 38a and 38b are substantially equal. Then, after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc, the cavity 15 is sucked by a suction unit 60 described later. When the suction part 60 sucks the inside of the cavity 15, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 becomes relatively lower than the pressure in the buffers 38a and 38b. Due to the pressure difference, the resin 220 stored in the buffers 38a and 38b is injected into the cavity 15 until the pressure difference disappears.
- the injection valve 40 has a cylinder 41 and a piston 42.
- the cylinder 41 has two chambers 41 u and 41 d defined by a base end portion 42 a of the piston 42.
- the fluid pressure such as pneumatic pressure or hydraulic pressure supplied to the two chambers 41u and 41d
- the piston 42 moves in the vertical direction in the figure.
- the opening degree of the flow path of the main agent and the curing agent is adjusted.
- the injection amount Qi of the resin 220 into the cavity 15 is adjusted by the opening of the injection valve 40, and the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220 conveyed to the mold 10 is adjusted.
- the cylinder 41 has an upper suction port 44 and a lower discharge port 45.
- the lower discharge port 45 opens.
- the main agent and the curing agent discharged from each of the lower discharge ports 45 are mixed to become the resin 220.
- the resin 220 is discharged to the inlet 13a (13b) through the tube 36, the buffer 38a (38b), and the tube 37a (37b) in this order.
- the upper suction port 44 and the lower discharge port 45 communicate with each other through a recess 43 formed in the piston 42.
- the main agent and the curing agent pass through the recess 43 from the lower discharge port 45 and are returned again to the main agent tank 31 and the curing agent tank 32 from the upper suction port 44. By this operation, the main agent and the curing agent circulate in the tube 33 at a constant pressure.
- the pressure gauge 50 includes a strain gauge and the like, and is disposed in the mold 10 for measuring the pressure Pr in the cavity 15.
- the suction unit 60 sucks the inside of the cavity 15. Specifically, the suction unit 60 sucks air in the cavity 15 and a part of the resin 220 injected into the cavity 15. More specifically, the suction part 60 gradually decreases the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 when suctioning in the cavity 15.
- the suction unit 60 includes a pump 61, pipes 62 and 64, and a suction valve 63.
- the pump 61 is a vacuum pump capable of mixing and transferring gas and liquid.
- the suction valve 63 is used to start and stop suction in the cavity 15 and adjust the suction pressure. By operating the suction valve 63, the cavity 15 can be sucked so that the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 gradually decreases.
- the suction valve 63 is operated by a control unit 80 described later. By opening the suction valve 63 in a state where the pump 61 is operated, the air in the cavity 15 and a part of the resin 220 injected into the cavity 15 are sucked into the pump 61 through the pipes 62 and 64.
- the suction unit 60 sucks a part of the resin 220
- the flow of the resin 220 is generated in the cavity 15 as indicated by an arrow in FIG.
- the flow of the resin 220 causes the resin 220 to diffuse into the cavity 15. Therefore, the resin 220 can be reached without loading the injection pressure Pi at a location that is difficult to reach without loading with a high injection pressure Pi.
- the flow of the resin 220 is more likely to occur when the resin 220 fills most of the cavity 15.
- the mold temperature adjusting unit 70 has a heating member, heats the mold 10 to the curing temperature of the resin 220, and cures the resin 220 injected into the cavity 15.
- the heating member is an electric heater and heats the mold 10 directly.
- the heating member is not limited to this.
- the temperature of the mold 10 may be adjusted by heating a heat medium such as oil with an electric heater and circulating the heat medium in the mold 10.
- the control unit 80 controls the overall operation of the molding apparatus 100.
- the control unit 80 includes a storage unit 81, a calculation unit 82, and an input / output unit 83.
- the input / output unit 83 is connected to the pressure gauges 34 a, 34 b, 50, the injection valve 40, the suction unit 60, and the mold temperature adjusting unit 70.
- the storage unit 81 includes a ROM and a RAM, and stores data such as a threshold value Pc of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 in advance.
- the calculation unit 82 is mainly composed of a CPU, and receives data of the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220 and the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 from the pressure gauges 34 a, 34 b, 50 via the input / output unit 83.
- the calculation unit 82 is based on the data read from the storage unit 81 and the data received from the input / output unit 83, the position of the piston 42 of the injection valve 40, the suction pressure of the suction unit 60, and the mold temperature adjustment unit 70. Calculate the heating temperature.
- a control signal based on the calculated data is transmitted to the injection valve 40, the suction unit 60, and the mold temperature adjusting unit 70 via the input / output unit 83. In this way, the control unit 80 controls the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 during evacuation, the mold temperature, and the like.
- control unit 80 controls the suction timing of the suction unit 60. Specifically, the control unit 80 controls the suction unit 60 to evacuate the molding die 15 before injecting the resin 220. Further, the control unit 80 controls the suction unit 60 so as to suck the inside of the cavity 15 after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc. At this time, the control unit 80 controls the suction unit 60 so that the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 gradually decreases. Whether or not the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 has reached the threshold value Pc is determined based on the measurement value by the pressure gauge 50.
- the molding method of the composite material 200 includes a step of arranging the carbon fibers 210 (step S1), a step of closing the mold 10 (step S2), and a step of performing vacuum suction (step S3). ), A step of injecting resin 220 (steps S4 to S9), a step of curing resin 220 (step S10), and a step of demolding (step S11).
- step S1 the step of arranging the carbon fibers 210
- step S2 a step of closing the mold 10
- step S3 a step of performing vacuum suction
- step S9 A step of injecting resin 220 (steps S4 to S9), a step of curing resin 220 (step S10), and a step of demolding (step S11).
- carbon fibers 210 are laminated, placed in the cavity 15 of the mold 10 and preformed (step S1). At this time, the inner surface of the mold facing the cavity 15 is degreased using a predetermined organic solvent, and is subjected to a mold release process using a mold release agent.
- step S2 the mold 10 is closed (step S2).
- the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12 approach the mold 10 and the mold closing proceeds.
- the mold closing of the mold 10 is completed.
- a sealed cavity 15 is formed between the upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12.
- step S3 air is sucked from the suction port 14 by the suction part 60, vacuuming is performed, and the inside of the cavity 15 is evacuated (step S3).
- the control unit 80 adjusts the pressure so that the pressure becomes negative. By performing evacuation, bubbles generated on the surface can be prevented, voids and pits of the composite material 200 which is a molded product can be reduced, and mechanical properties and design properties of the composite material 200 can be improved.
- the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220 is adjusted to be a pressure P1 higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm (see FIG. 8B), and injection of the resin 220 is started from the injection ports 13a and 13b (step). S4).
- the resin 220 is discharged from the injection valve 40 and injected into the cavity 15 through the buffers 38a and 38b.
- the buffers 38a and 38b store a certain amount of the resin 220.
- the resin 220 injected into the cavity 15 spreads into the cavity 15 via the line gate 18 while being expanded into the cavity 15.
- the fibers 210 are impregnated.
- step S5 After starting the injection of the resin 220, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 is measured by the pressure gauge 50 within a predetermined time (step S5).
- the injection pressure Pi is loaded and the resin 220 is injected until the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc, and the measurement of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 is continued (step S5: “No”, step S4). ).
- step S5: “Yes” the load of the injection pressure Pi to the resin 220 is stopped. At this time, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 and the pressures in the buffers 38a and 38b are substantially equal.
- suction in the cavity 15 is started by the suction unit 60 (step S6).
- the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 becomes relatively lower than the pressure in the buffers 38a and 38b. Due to the pressure difference, the resin 220 stored in the buffers 38a and 38b is injected into the cavity 15 until the pressure difference disappears. That is, the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15 without applying the injection pressure Pi (step S7).
- the suction in the cavity 15 is performed so that the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 gradually decreases.
- step S7 is repeated until the resin 220 is completely filled in the cavity 15 (step S8: “No”, step S7).
- step S8 When the specified amount of the resin 220 has been injected into the cavity 15 (step S8: “Yes”), the suction in the cavity 15 is stopped (step S9).
- step S10 it is left until the resin 220 in the cavity 15 is sufficiently cured.
- the entire mold 10 is temperature-adjusted in advance to the curing temperature of the resin 220 by the mold temperature adjusting unit 70.
- step S11 When the mold 10 is opened and the molded composite material 200 is demolded, the molding is completed (step S11).
- the graphs indicated by the solid lines in FIGS. 8A and 8B show the time of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 and the injection pressure Pi of the resin 220 by the molding apparatus and molding method according to the present embodiment shown in FIGS. Shows the transition.
- the graph shown by the broken line is proportional to the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 and the resin 220 when the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15 with the injection pressure P1 exceeding the clamping pressure Pm being constantly applied until the injection is completed.
- the time transition of the injection pressure Pi is shown.
- the molding apparatus and molding method according to the comparative example are the molding apparatus according to the present embodiment, except that the injection pressure P1 exceeding the mold clamping pressure Pm is constantly applied until the injection is completed and the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15. And the same molding method.
- Time 0 [sec] to t1 is a mold clamping process
- time t1 to t2 is a vacuuming process
- time t2 to t3 is a resin 220 injection process
- after t3 is a resin 220 curing process.
- the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 does not increase immediately, but gradually increases after the injection pressure Pi. .
- the molding time and the clamping pressure are in a trade-off relationship. is there. Specifically, in order to shorten the time required for the injection process, it is necessary to increase the mold clamping pressure, and in order to reduce the mold clamping pressure, it is necessary to increase the time required for the injection process.
- the injection amount Qi when the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15.
- the injection pressure Pi As described above, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 gradually increases with a delay from the injection pressure Pi. When the inside of the cavity 15 is almost filled with the resin 220, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 takes a maximum value. At this time, in order to prevent the mold 10 from opening, it is necessary to apply a mold clamping pressure larger than the maximum value of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 to the mold 10.
- the maximum value of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 increases as the injection pressure Pi increases. Therefore, when the injection pressure Pi is increased, it is necessary to apply a larger mold clamping pressure to the mold 10.
- the maximum value of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 is P2 as shown in FIG. Since P2 is higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm of the present embodiment, it is necessary to apply a mold clamping pressure larger than the mold clamping pressure Pm of the present embodiment in order to prevent the mold 10 from opening in proportion. is there.
- the injection pressure Pi equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm is applied to the resin 220 to inject the resin 220 into the cavity 15.
- the injection amount Qi during the time t2 to tc is the same as in the case of proportionality.
- the resin 220 is injected without applying the injection pressure Pi by sucking the cavity 15. Accordingly, the resin 220 can be injected so as to maintain the same injection amount Qi as when the injection pressure Pi equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm is loaded until the injection of the resin 220 is completed.
- the resin 220 can be injected so as to maintain the same injection amount as in the case where the injection pressure P1 equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm is loaded until the resin 220 is completely injected. .
- the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 does not exceed the mold clamping pressure Pm.
- the mold clamping pressure Pm in the present embodiment is smaller than the mold clamping pressure required in the case of proportionality. Therefore, the molding apparatus and the molding method according to the present embodiment can reduce the mold clamping pressure while maintaining the same injection amount as in the case of comparison. Therefore, the molding apparatus and molding method according to the present embodiment can simultaneously achieve a reduction in molding time and suppression of the clamping pressure Pm. Suppression of the mold clamping pressure Pm enables downsizing of the press machine and contributes to reduction of equipment costs.
- the threshold value Pc is set in advance based on the material characteristics of the resin 220, the injection amount, the injection speed, and the like. In the present embodiment, the threshold value Pc is set to 90% of the mold clamping pressure Pm. In consideration of pressure measurement errors, the threshold value Pc can be selected, for example, within a range of 85% to 95% of the mold clamping pressure Pm. Since the threshold value Pc is set immediately before reaching the mold clamping pressure Pm, an injection pressure Pi exceeding the mold clamping pressure Pm is loaded and the resin 220 is injected until the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the mold clamping pressure Pm. it can.
- the threshold value Pc By setting the threshold value Pc to a high value, the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 in the injection process is also increased. When the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 becomes high, the impregnation property of the resin 220 into the carbon fiber 210 can be improved. However, it is preferable to set the threshold value Pc so that an overshoot in which the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 exceeds the mold clamping pressure Pm does not occur in the operation of stopping the load of the injection pressure Pi to the resin 220.
- the threshold value Pc may select the pressure in the cavity 15 when 90% of the total injection amount of the resin 220 is injected into the cavity 15. At this time, in consideration of pressure measurement error, the threshold value Pc can select the pressure in the cavity 15 when the resin 220 of 85% to 95% of the total injection amount is injected into the cavity 15. As described above with reference to FIG. 5B, the flow of the resin 220 is likely to occur in the cavity 15 by sucking the cavity 15 with the resin 220 filling most of the cavity 15. Therefore, it becomes easy to spread the resin 220 in the cavity 15 without applying the injection pressure Pi to the resin 220.
- the suction unit 60 gradually decreases the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 when suctioning the cavity 15 after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc. Let Thereby, the shrinkage rate of the resin 220 at the time of hardening can be reduced. Therefore, the molding shrinkage rate of the composite material 200 that is a molded product can be reduced, and a designed shape can be stably obtained.
- the threshold value Pc of the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 is set to the mold clamping pressure Pm or less.
- the resin 220 is injected with an injection pressure Pi equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm until the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc. Further, after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc, the resin 220 is injected without applying the injection pressure Pi by sucking the cavity 15.
- the injection pressure Pi equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm is applied to the resin 220 until the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc.
- the resin 220 can be injected into the cavity 15 by loading. Then, after the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc, the resin 220 can be injected without applying the injection pressure Pi by sucking the cavity 15.
- the resin 220 is maintained so that the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 does not exceed the mold clamping pressure Pm, and the same injection amount Qi as when the injection pressure Pi equal to or higher than the mold clamping pressure Pm is loaded until the resin 220 is completely injected. Can be injected. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the press machine by suppressing the mold clamping pressure Pm while reducing the molding time.
- a space for injecting the resin 220 is secured in the cavity 15, so that the resin 220 is placed in the cavity 15 without applying the injection pressure Pi. Easy to inject. Therefore, it becomes easier to suppress the clamping pressure while shortening the molding time.
- the threshold value Pc can be selected in the range of 85% to 95% of the mold clamping pressure Pm.
- the threshold value Pc is set immediately before the mold clamping pressure Pm is reached, so that the pressure Pr in the cavity 15 becomes the mold clamping pressure Pm.
- the resin 220 can be injected with an injection pressure Pi exceeding the mold clamping pressure Pm. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the mold clamping pressure while further reducing the molding time.
- the threshold value Pc is the pressure in the cavity 15 when the resin 220 having 85% to 95% of the total injection amount is injected into the cavity 15. it can.
- the resin 220 is sucked in the cavity 15 by sucking the cavity 15 with the resin 220 filling most of the cavity 15. Is likely to occur. Therefore, it becomes easy to spread the resin 220 in the cavity 15 without applying the injection pressure Pi to the resin 220. Accordingly, the molding time can be shortened more easily.
- the pressure in the cavity 15 is gradually decreased.
- the molding shrinkage rate of the composite material 200 which is a molded product, can be reduced, and the shape as designed can be stably obtained. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a molded article of a good quality composite material 200 with high dimensional stability.
- the mold 10 is evacuated before the resin 220 is injected.
- the inside of the cavity 15 is evacuated before the resin 220 is injected, and is generated in the resin 220 and on the surface after the resin 220 is injected. Air bubbles can be prevented and voids and pits of the composite material 200 that is a molded product can be reduced. Thereby, the mechanical characteristics and designability of the composite material 200 can be improved.
- the reinforced substrate 210 is formed from carbon fiber.
- the use of carbon fiber for the reinforced base material results in a small coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent dimensional stability, and mechanical properties even at high temperatures.
- the composite material 200 with little deterioration in characteristics can be formed.
- the composite material 200 is used for an automobile part.
- the automobile part of the composite material 200 suitable for mass production can be molded, and the weight of the vehicle body can be reduced.
- the flow paths 16a, 16b, 17 and the line gate 18 are arranged in the mold 10 as shown in FIGS.
- the flow paths 16a, 16b, 17 and the line gate 18 are not limited to this configuration as long as the resin 220 injected from the injection ports 13a, 13b easily spreads efficiently in the cavity.
- the flow paths 416 and 417 and the line gate 418 may be arranged as shown in FIGS. 10 (A) and 10 (B).
- the flow paths 416 and 417 and the line gate 418 are respectively provided in the lower mold of the mold as in the case of the above-described embodiment.
- an injection port 413 (not shown) and a suction port 414 (not shown) of the resin 220 are provided in fluid communication with the channels 416 and 417 below the channels 416 and 417, respectively.
- the arrows shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B indicate the flow of the resin 220 when the resin 220 is being injected and the flow of the resin 220 when the inside of the cavity is being sucked, respectively.
- the flow paths 516, 517a to d and the line gate 518 may be arranged as shown in FIGS. 11 (A) and 11 (B).
- the flow paths 516, 517a to d and the line gate 518 are respectively provided in the lower mold of the molding die as in the case of the above-described embodiment.
- an injection port 513 (not shown) and suction ports 514a to 514d (not shown) of the resin 220 are fluidly connected to the channels 516 and 517a to d below the channels 516 and 517a to d, respectively.
- the arrows shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B indicate the flow of the resin 220 when the resin 220 is being injected and the flow of the resin 220 when the inside of the cavity is being sucked, respectively.
- the control unit 80 operates the suction valve 63 to operate the timing at which the suction unit 60 sucks the inside of the cavity 15, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a valve that opens when the pressure in the cavity 15 reaches the threshold value Pc may be used instead of the suction valve 63.
- the injection ports 13a and 13b and the suction port 14 are both provided in the lower mold, but one or both may be provided in the upper mold.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上述した実施形態において、流路16a、16b、17、およびラインゲート18は、図3および図4に示すように成形型10に配置された。当該構成に限らず、流路16a、16b、17、およびラインゲート18は、注入口13a、13bから注入された樹脂220をキャビティ内に効率的に広がりやすくする限りにおいて限定されない。
11 上型、
12 下型、
13a、13b、413、513 注入口、
14、414、514a~d 吸引口、
15 キャビティ、
16a、16b、17、416、417、516、517a~d 流路、
18、418、518 ラインゲート、
20 プレス部、
30 樹脂注入部、
31 主剤タンク、
32 硬化剤タンク、
33a、33b、36、37a、37b チューブ、
34a、34b、50 圧力計、
35a、35b ポンプ、
38 バッファ、
40 注入バルブ、
41 シリンダー、
42 ピストン、
60 吸引部、
61 ポンプ、
62、64 配管、
63 吸引バルブ、
70 成形型温度調整部、
80 制御部、
100 成形装置、
200 複合材料、
210 炭素繊維(強化基材)、
220 樹脂、
300 車体、
301、302、303 自動車部品、
Pm 型締圧力、
Pr キャビティ内の圧力、
Pi 注入圧力、
Pc しきい値、
Qi 注入量。
Claims (12)
- 開閉可能な成形型内のキャビティに強化基材を配置し、前記成形型に型締圧力を負荷した状態において前記キャビティ内に樹脂を注入し、前記樹脂を硬化させて複合材料を成形する成形方法であって、
前記キャビティ内の圧力のしきい値を前記型締圧力より低く設定し、
前記キャビティ内に前記樹脂を注入するときには、前記キャビティ内の圧力が前記しきい値に達するまでは前記型締圧力以上の注入圧力を前記樹脂に負荷して前記樹脂を注入し、前記キャビティ内の圧力が前記しきい値に達した後は、前記キャビティ内を吸引する、複合材料の成形方法。 - 前記キャビティ内を吸引するときは、少なくとも前記キャビティ内に注入された前記樹脂の一部を吸引する、請求項1に記載の複合材料の成形方法。
- 前記キャビティ内を吸引するときには、前記キャビティ内の圧力を徐々に降下させる、請求項1または請求項2に記載の成形方法。
- 前記樹脂を注入する前に、前記成形型内を真空引きする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料の成形方法。
- 前記強化基材は炭素繊維から形成されてなる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料の成形方法。
- 前記複合材料は自動車部品に使用される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料の成形方法。
- 強化基材を配置するキャビティが形成された開閉可能な成形型と、
前記成形型に型締圧力を負荷するプレス部と、
前記キャビティ内に樹脂を注入する樹脂注入部と、
前記キャビティ内を吸引する吸引部と、を有し、
前記キャビティ内の圧力が前記型締圧力より低く設定されたしきい値に達するまでは、前記樹脂注入部は前記型締圧力以上の注入圧力を前記樹脂に負荷して前記樹脂を注入し、前記キャビティ内の圧力が前記しきい値に達した後は、前記吸引部が前記キャビティ内を吸引するとともに前記樹脂注入部は前記注入圧力を前記樹脂に負荷することなく前記樹脂を前記キャビティ内に注入する、複合材料の成形装置。 - 前記吸引部は、少なくとも前記キャビティ内に注入された前記樹脂の一部を吸引する、請求項7に記載の複合材料の成形装置。
- 前記吸引部は、前記キャビティ内の圧力を徐々に降下させる、請求項7または請求項8に記載の成形装置。
- 前記吸引部は、前記樹脂を注入する前に、前記成形型内を真空引きする、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の成形装置。
- 前記強化基材は炭素繊維から形成されてなる、請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の成形装置。
- 前記複合材料は自動車部品用の材料である、請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載の成形装置。
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US15/516,761 US10105878B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Composite-material molding method and molding device |
EP14904224.4A EP3210738B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Composite-material moulding method and moulding device |
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CN201480082857.0A CN107073761B (zh) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | 复合材料的成形方法和复合材料的成形装置 |
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