WO2016060582A1 - Способ детонационной штамповки и устройство для его реализации - Google Patents
Способ детонационной штамповки и устройство для его реализации Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016060582A1 WO2016060582A1 PCT/RU2014/000780 RU2014000780W WO2016060582A1 WO 2016060582 A1 WO2016060582 A1 WO 2016060582A1 RU 2014000780 W RU2014000780 W RU 2014000780W WO 2016060582 A1 WO2016060582 A1 WO 2016060582A1
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- Prior art keywords
- detonation
- workpiece
- stamping
- clause
- gas
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/06—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves
- B21D26/08—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure by shock waves generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods and devices for processing materials using the action of blast waves and high-speed jets of products of detonation combustion of the fuel mixture, and can be used for sheet and sheet stamping of products from various materials.
- the invention can be used in enterprises associated with the manufacture of various hull parts, shells and other structural elements made by stamping.
- the main problems that stand in the way of creating methods and devices for detonation stamping are improving the energy efficiency of the work process and its automation, as well as increasing its manufacturability by simplifying the design of the device and reducing the time for additional operations - installing the workpiece, removing the stamped product, etc.
- a device for sheet stamping by the explosion of gas mixtures proposed in the utility model RU 122597 B21D 26/08 (2006.01), 02.27.2012, which includes a coaxially mounted matrix with an internal cavity equipped with means for supplying and discharging gas, and a combustion chamber equipped with means for supplying and ignition of the gas mixture and the release of combustion products, as well as the annular cavity that encloses the internal cavity of the matrix, in which the annular piston is placed, interacting with the stamped blank.
- a rod is arranged coaxially with it, interacting with the stamped blank and connected to a piston mounted in a cylindrical cavity made in the lower part of the matrix, the cylindrical cavity being in communication with the inner cavity of the matrix.
- the disadvantage of this device is the presence of a movable rod that preforms the workpiece, which complicates the design, as well as the difficulty of automating the stamping process due to the use of bolted joints to assemble the device after replacing the stamped part with the workpiece.
- a known method of gas detonation stamping and a device for its implementation proposed in patent RU 2106218 B21D26 / 08, 03/10/1998.
- the method consists in repeatedly (in several steps) impacting the workpiece with a shock wave and heated explosion products resulting from the detonation of a combustible gas mixture in front of each impact under a given initial pressure. After each action, the value of the workpiece deformation is measured, and the initial pressure of the combustible gas mixture before each action is set based on the amount of workpiece deformation measured after the previous exposure. To do this, use the experimentally constructed dependence of the maximum allowable initial pressure of the mixture on the amount of deformation of the workpiece.
- the device comprises a matrix and an explosive chamber with means for supplying a combustible gas mixture and initiating detonation, as well as billet deformation sensors.
- the sensors are located in the matrix and / or in the explosive chamber.
- a workpiece deformation sensor a rheostatic displacement sensor is used.
- the disadvantage of this method is stamping in several stages, which increases the time for manufacturing the workpiece.
- self-ignition may occur, and periodic cooling of the workpiece adversely affects the microstructure of its material.
- the preform is first clamped along the contour with a rigid massive body, and then subjected to a single deforming action by the shock wave and heated products of gas detonation in the lower detonation cavity located between the preform and the rigid massive body.
- a rigid massive body is driven by the expansion of products detonation in the upper detonation cavity located above the body, and returns to its original position under the action of the expanding detonation products in the lower detonation cavity.
- the prototype method has several disadvantages. Firstly, to initiate detonation with a high-voltage spark plug, detonation tube, etc.
- shock-wave loading of a workpiece can be quasistatic pulse or dynamic, i.e., generally speaking, it is determined not only by the excess pressure in the wave, but also by the pressure pulse determined by its profile (the dependence of pressure on time on the surface of the workpiece).
- the prototype method does not provide for control of the pressure pulse in the blast wave, the prototype method is limited by the degree of deformation of workpieces of different thicknesses made of different materials.
- the prototype method is carried out on a prototype device containing an explosive chamber with upper and lower detonation cavities separated by a movable massive partition (rigid body) and equipped with gas fittings for supplying the fuel mixture, elements for initiating detonation and a matrix in which the billet is placed, and the explosive the chamber and the matrix are hermetically interconnected by means of bolts or hydraulic clamps, and air is pumped out of the matrix before stamping.
- a prototype device containing an explosive chamber with upper and lower detonation cavities separated by a movable massive partition (rigid body) and equipped with gas fittings for supplying the fuel mixture, elements for initiating detonation and a matrix in which the billet is placed, and the explosive the chamber and the matrix are hermetically interconnected by means of bolts or hydraulic clamps, and air is pumped out of the matrix before stamping.
- the prototype device has several disadvantages. Firstly, the use of a massive movable partition between the upper and lower detonation cavities, which is designed to tightly jam the workpiece along the contour, leads to losses in the energy of fuel combustion for its heating and for its movement up to contact with the workpiece, and also complicates the design of the device and, therefore, reduces its reliability and increases the cost and complexity of work on its maintenance. Secondly, the prototype device is designed for a single deforming effect on the workpiece by the detonation products of the gas fuel mixture. The use of the prototype device for cyclic impact on the same workpiece with the aim of its gradual molding is unsafe due to the fact that the prototype device does not provide a system for blowing the lower and upper chambers to remove hot detonation products of the previous cycle.
- the ability to control the deforming effect on the workpiece is limited: only the overpressure of gas detonation products can be controlled, for example, by changing the composition and / or initial pressure of the fuel mixture in the lower detonation cavity.
- the prototype device can be used for detonation stamping of billets of limited thickness, made of a limited set of materials.
- the prototype device does not provide for the possibility of preheating the workpiece before detonation stamping, which limits the maximum degree of its deformation.
- the objective of the invention is to develop an energy-efficient and technologically advanced method of multiple (pulsed) detonation stamping, which will, on the one hand, make full use of the advantages of pulse-detonation combustion of the fuel mixture: its higher thermodynamic efficiency, higher temperature and density of detonation products, the possibility of multiple mechanical (shock wave) and thermal effects on the workpiece with its gradual deformation, and, on the other hand, use n discontinuous combustion of fuel mixture to heat the preform prior to detonation by stamping and / or during the detonation of the detonation forming between pulses, and will have a wide possibilities of management and automation stamping process.
- the objective of the invention is also to develop a device for implementing an energy-efficient and technologically advanced method of multiple (pulse) detonation stamping, which will, on the one hand, make full use of the advantages of pulse-detonation combustion of the fuel mixture: its higher thermodynamic efficiency, higher temperature and density of products detonation, the possibility of multiple mechanical (shock-wave) and thermal effects on the workpiece with its gradual deformation And, on the other hand, to use the continuous burning of the fuel mixture to heat the preform prior to detonation by stamping and / or during the detonation of the detonation forming between pulses, and will have a wide possibilities of management and automation stamping process.
- the claimed device can operate in either pulsed detonation mode, and in the mode of flame-flame heating of the workpiece before detonation stamping and / or during detonation stamping in the intervals between detonation pulses.
- atmospheric air or an inert gas for example, nitrogen, argon
- the combustion chamber has several ignition sources.
- sources of ignition it is preferable to use a prechamber with distributed openings for supplying turbulent jets of hot combustion products, or to use one or more other known ignition sources capable of igniting the flow of the fuel mixture, for example, electric discharge candles, laser beams, jets of chemically active substances.
- the ignition sources in the combustion chamber are used only when the device is operating in a pulsed-detonation mode.
- the fuel used is gaseous or liquid fuel, or a combination thereof, and the oxidizing agent is atmospheric air, air enriched with oxygen or oxygen.
- the mixing device for forming the fuel mixture is equipped with a check valve, and the components of the fuel mixture supplied through the mixing device to the combustion chamber periodically fill the replaceable detonation pipe in whole or in part.
- the check valve of the mixing device may be mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromechanically actuated or may be driven by a differential pressure across it.
- the combustion chamber may be straight or have curved sections.
- any known device can be used in which the transition of combustion to detonation is ensured.
- the replaceable detonation tube can be straight or have curved sections: turns, turns, U-shaped turns, etc.
- the replaceable detonation tube may be uncooled or cooled.
- Additional ignition sources in a replaceable detonation tube are intended for afterburning of unburned fuel mixture during operation of the device in pulse-detonation mode and for ignition of the fuel mixture during operation devices in the mode of flame-flame heating of the workpiece before detonation stamping and / or during detonation stamping in the intervals between detonation pulses.
- Additional ignition sources are installed in the vicinity of the outlet section of the interchangeable detonation tube and are always turned on when fuel is supplied to the mixing device.
- the interchangeable outlet nozzle is intended for profiling the shock load acting on the workpiece, and may take the form of any geometric shape (hollow truncated cone, truncated cone with a central body, etc.), and the shape of the output section of the nozzle may differ from the shape of its input section.
- the distance between the interchangeable output nozzle and the interchangeable matrix for fixing the workpiece can be changed before the detonation stamping of the workpiece and / or during the detonation stamping of the workpiece due to the special actuator of the automatic control system.
- a replaceable outlet nozzle is housed in a ventilated noise-absorbing container.
- the ventilated sound-absorbing container contains exhaust outlets for exhaust gases and elements of the sound absorption system in the form of partitions, perforations, etc.
- safety valves can be installed to control the pressure in the ventilated sound-absorbing container.
- the movable interchangeable matrix is equipped with an actuator associated with an automatic control system and a latch for fixing the workpiece before stamping.
- the movable interchangeable matrix can be made in the form of a set of matrices of a revolving type or any other type for automated stamping of products of various shapes.
- the device is equipped with an automatic workpiece change system. To change the workpiece and fix it before stamping, any known devices can be used that allow automation of the detonation stamping process.
- FIG. 1a shows a diagram of the inventive device (1 - blower or a container with oxidizing gas; 2 - a supply line of oxidizing gas; 3 - a mixing device with a check valve; 4 - a combustion chamber; 5 - a flame accelerator; 6 - a replaceable detonation pipe; 7 - a replaceable output nozzles; 8 - ventilated noise-absorbing container; 9 - workpiece; 10 - actuator of the automatic workpiece change system; 11 - movable replaceable matrix with lock; 12 - bellows; F - fuel nozzles; SI - ignition sources; CS - automatic control system Lenia; DW - detonation wave; ASI - additional sources of ignition).
- FIG. 16 shows an enlarged view of the interface circuit of a replaceable detonation tube with a workpiece.
- the arrows indicate the possible movements of the nodes and elements of the device, regulated by the automatic control system (CS).
- CS automatic control system
- FIG. 2a and 26 are photographs of parts obtained on the inventive detonation stamping device.
- FIG. 1A and 16 shows a diagram of the inventive device.
- the main element of the device is a replaceable detonation tube (6), one end of which is connected to a flame accelerator (5), a combustion chamber (4) with ignition sources (SI) and a mixing device with a check valve (3) and with fuel nozzles (F).
- the line (2) connects the mixing device (3) and the combustion chamber (4) with a blower or with a tank with oxidizing gas (1). If the purge gas is different from air, the device has a purge gas supply line connecting the mixing device (3) and the combustion chamber (4) with the purge gas tank (not shown in Fig. 1a).
- ABI ignition sources
- the replaceable output nozzle (7) is recessed into a ventilated noise-absorbing container (8) with a workpiece (9), which is fed into the container (8) using the actuator of the automatic workpiece change system (10) associated with the automatic control system (CS), and temporarily fixed by a movable removable matrix with a latch (11).
- the interchangeable detonation tube (6) with the container (8) are jointed through an airtight bellows (12).
- the proposed device operates as follows.
- Detonation stamping of a workpiece takes place during one or several working cycles of the device and begins after the workpiece (9) is automatically fed into the space between the ventilated noise-absorbing container (8) and the movable interchangeable matrix with the lock (1 1) at a certain distance from the cut of the interchangeable output nozzle (7) ) and after reliable jamming of the workpiece by a matrix with a clamp.
- One operating cycle of the device when operating in pulse detonation mode includes three stages.
- an oxidizing agent for example, atmospheric air
- a line (2) into a mixing device with a check valve (3), where it is mixed with the fuel supplied through the fuel nozzles (F), and the formed fuel mixture completely fills the combustion chamber (4) and the flame accelerator (5), as well as completely or partially fills the replaceable detonation tube (6).
- the time for supplying fuel through the fuel nozzles (F) is set by the automatic control system (CS) depending on the degree of filling of the replaceable detonation tube (6) with the fuel mixture specified by the control algorithm.
- the filling stage ends when the check valve of the mixing device (3) closes, and voltage is supplied to the ignition sources (SI) in the combustion chamber at the command of the automatic control system (CS).
- the check valve of the mixing device (3) is closed.
- the mixture in the combustion chamber (4) is ignited, and the generated combustion wave, passing through the flame accelerator (5), is transformed into a detonation wave due to the transition of combustion to detonation (Frolov SM. Rapid transition of combustion to detonation. Chemical Physics, 2008. V. 27. N ° 6. P. 31-44), which then propagates in a removable detonation pipe (6) towards a removable output nozzle (7).
- a shock wave of one or another intensity determined by the excess pressure at the front and the duration of the compression phase comes out through the replaceable nozzles (7), and the intensity is higher, the higher the degree of filling of the replaceable detonation pipe, and the duration of the compression phase is greater, the greater the length of the interchangeable detonation tube.
- Replaceable outlet nozzles (7) can serve both to amplify and focus the outgoing shock wave (when using a narrowing nozzle with an exit section in the form of an opening, a slot or ring gap, etc.), and to attenuate it by increasing the front surface (when using the expanding nozzle).
- the shock wave and the high-speed jet of hot detonation products have a dynamic effect on the workpiece (9), temporarily fixed in the matrix (11), and deform it, giving it the shape of the bottom of the matrix.
- the intensity of the shock wave incident on the workpiece also depends on the distance between the outlet section of the nozzle (7) and the workpiece (9), which is controlled by moving the interchangeable detonation tube (6) with the nozzle (7) inside the container (8).
- the second stage of the working cycle ends when the check valve of the mixing device (3) opens.
- the check valve of the mixing device (3) is open, and purge gas, for example, air from the blower (1) or gas from the purge gas tank, is directed to the pressure line (2) or purge gas supply line to gas-dynamic path for displacing residual hot detonation products from the gas-dynamic path and (partially) from a ventilated noise-absorbing container (8).
- purge gas for example, air from the blower (1) or gas from the purge gas tank
- the purge stage ends when the volume of purge gas passing through the mixing device (3), the combustion chamber (4), the flame accelerator (5) and the detonation tube (6) exceed at least twice their total volume.
- the working cycle is repeated from the filling stage.
- the intensity of the shock-wave action on the workpiece is determined by (i) the length interchangeable detonation tube (6), (ii) the shape of the interchangeable outlet nozzle (7), (w) the distance between the nozzle shear (7) and the workpiece (9), (iv) the frequency of duty cycles, (v) the degree of filling of the interchangeable detonation tube ( 6) the fuel mixture in each cycle, (vi) the composition of the fuel mixture, as well as (vii) the excess pressure of the fuel mixture in the gas-dynamic path with respect to the pressure in the container (8).
- the parameters of the device (iii - vii) can be changed during detonation stamping (from cycle to cycle) in accordance with the algorithm in the automatic control system (CS), and parameters (i) and (ii) can be changed in the gap between stampings.
- the device Before detonation stamping and / or during detonation stamping in the intervals between detonation pulses, the device can operate in the mode of flame-flame heating of the workpiece.
- the check valve of the mixing device (3) does not close and the voltage to the ignition sources (SI) is not supplied to the combustion chamber, and the fuel mixture filling the replaceable detonation tube (6) is ignited by additional ignition sources (ASI) installed in neighborhood of the outlet section of the interchangeable detonation tube (6), so that a flame torch is formed in the interchangeable outlet nozzle (7) aimed at the workpiece (9), which heats up the workpiece for the time interval specified in the algorithm of the av system Tomato Management (CS).
- SI ignition sources
- ASI additional ignition sources
- the automatic control system gives a signal to change the operating mode of the installation with the transition to pulse detonation stamping: voltage is supplied to the ignition sources (SI) in the combustion chamber, the check valve of the mixing device (3) closes, and the second stage of the working cycle begins - the working stage.
- the gas-dynamic path and the ventilated noise-absorbing container (8) are blown with air or other purge gas in order to remove exhaust gases from them, a movable removable matrix with a retainer (1 1) is withdrawn from the container (8) using the actuator (in Fig. 1a and 16 is not shown), the stamped workpiece is moved outside the container (8) using the actuator of the automatic workpiece change system (10) for further processing, and is installed in its place a new workpiece that is temporarily fixed between the container (8) and the movable interchangeable matrix (1 1) at a certain distance from the cut of the interchangeable output nozzle (7).
- the process of detonation stamping of a new billet can be completely repeated or changed depending on the used movable interchangeable matrix with the lock (1 1) and in accordance with the specified algorithm of the automatic control system (CS).
- the device included a combustion chamber with an internal diameter of 150 mm and a length of 400 mm, to which a flame accelerator with an internal diameter of 150 mm and a length of 3500 mm with obstacles-turbulators providing a quick transition of combustion to detonation, and a detonation tube with an internal diameter of 150 mm and a length of 3000 mm were sequentially connected .
- the combustion chamber contained a mixing device with a non-return valve, a fuel supply manifold with 20 distributed nozzles for quick mixing of fuel and air, and 4 automobile spark plugs providing reliable ignition of the fuel mixture, and was connected to the air supply line from the blower.
- the output section of the detonation tube was connected to a ventilated container with a replaceable matrix, in which a steel sheet with a thickness of 1 to 4 mm was placed.
- the sheet materials are steel 12X18H10T and steel 20.
- the bottom of the interchangeable matrix is made either in the form of a spherical recess with a diameter of 150 mm and a depth of 30 mm, or in the form of a square recess of 150x150x30 mm. Natural gas was used as fuel, and the air and fuel consumption were chosen so that the composition of the fuel mixture filling the gas-dynamic path of the device was close to the stoichiometric composition.
- a series of pilot stampings was performed on the device in pulse-detonation operation with different pulse frequencies (from 0.5 to 5 Hz) and different stamping times of one workpiece (up to 1 min). All the stamped parts gradually took the form of one or another matrix without the formation of corrugations, wrinkles and other mechanical damage, and the thickness of the products was uniform in all experiments. Examples of parts obtained by the method of detonation stamping are shown in FIG. 2a and 26.
- detonation combustion of the fuel mixture its higher thermodynamic efficiency, higher temperature and density of detonation products, the possibility of multiple mechanical (shock wave) and thermal effects on the workpiece with its gradual deformation, and, on the other hand, use continuous combustion of the fuel mixture for heating the workpiece before detonation stamping and / or in the process of detonation stamping between detonation pulses, and have extensive control capabilities and automatic of the stamping process.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
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PCT/RU2014/000780 WO2016060582A1 (ru) | 2014-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Способ детонационной штамповки и устройство для его реализации |
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PCT/RU2014/000780 WO2016060582A1 (ru) | 2014-10-16 | 2014-10-16 | Способ детонационной штамповки и устройство для его реализации |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2744454C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-03-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Новые физические принципы" | Импульсно-детонационный способ получения алкенов и алкинов и устройство для его реализации |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3742746A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1973-07-03 | Continental Can Co | Electrohydraulic plus fuel detonation explosive forming |
SU566659A1 (ru) * | 1976-02-16 | 1977-07-30 | Харьковский авиационный институт | Устройство дл шамповки |
SU407465A1 (ru) * | 1972-01-24 | 1981-10-07 | Frolov E A | Устройство дл создани ударных волн в жидкости |
SU1512628A1 (ru) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-10-07 | Институт тепло- и массообмена им.А.В.Лыкова | Огнепреградитель |
RU2042458C1 (ru) * | 1993-03-12 | 1995-08-27 | Российский федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт технической физики | Способ газовой детонационной штамповки |
-
2014
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/RU2014/000780 patent/WO2016060582A1/ru active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3742746A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1973-07-03 | Continental Can Co | Electrohydraulic plus fuel detonation explosive forming |
SU407465A1 (ru) * | 1972-01-24 | 1981-10-07 | Frolov E A | Устройство дл создани ударных волн в жидкости |
SU566659A1 (ru) * | 1976-02-16 | 1977-07-30 | Харьковский авиационный институт | Устройство дл шамповки |
SU1512628A1 (ru) * | 1987-11-02 | 1989-10-07 | Институт тепло- и массообмена им.А.В.Лыкова | Огнепреградитель |
RU2042458C1 (ru) * | 1993-03-12 | 1995-08-27 | Российский федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт технической физики | Способ газовой детонационной штамповки |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2744454C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-03-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Новые физические принципы" | Импульсно-детонационный способ получения алкенов и алкинов и устройство для его реализации |
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