WO2016056110A1 - 解析装置及び解析方法 - Google Patents
解析装置及び解析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016056110A1 WO2016056110A1 PCT/JP2014/077099 JP2014077099W WO2016056110A1 WO 2016056110 A1 WO2016056110 A1 WO 2016056110A1 JP 2014077099 W JP2014077099 W JP 2014077099W WO 2016056110 A1 WO2016056110 A1 WO 2016056110A1
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- heat source
- source position
- measurement
- measurement point
- measurement object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/265—Contactless testing
- G01R31/2656—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/30—Marginal testing, e.g. by varying supply voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
- G01R31/311—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation of integrated circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for specifying the position of a heat source generated inside a measurement object.
- an apparatus for analyzing the heat distribution of the measurement object and the position of the heat source is known (for example, see Patent Document 1 or 2).
- the apparatus of Patent Document 1 heats the wiring on the surface of the measurement object with a heating laser, acquires the heat distribution information of the wiring from the intensity of reflected light in the wiring, and identifies the wiring in a disconnected state from the heat distribution information.
- the apparatus of Patent Document 2 applies a modulation current to a measurement object by utilizing the fact that a heat source is generated at a failure location (short-circuit location) by applying a modulation current, and from the heat source inside the measurement object. The generated heat is measured with an infrared camera and the position of the heat source (failure location) is analyzed.
- the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 specifies the disconnection state of the wiring on the surface of the measurement object, and does not analyze the failure location in the depth direction. It is difficult to use for the analysis.
- the apparatus of Patent Document 2 specifies the three-dimensional position of a heat source (failure location) by measuring heat generation with an infrared camera. However, since the time resolution of the infrared camera is limited, the depth of the heat source is limited.
- the position in the vertical direction may not be analyzed with high accuracy.
- the heat response of the measurement object is accelerated due to the shallow heat source position.
- the time resolution of the infrared camera is not sufficient, and the position of the heat source in the depth direction may not be analyzed with high accuracy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an analysis apparatus and an analysis method capable of specifying a heat source position inside a measurement object with high accuracy by improving time resolution.
- An analysis apparatus is an analysis apparatus that identifies a heat source position inside a measurement object, and sets a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, and applies a stimulus signal to the measurement object. Based on an application unit, a light irradiation unit that irradiates light at a measurement point, a light detection unit that detects light reflected at the measurement point in response to light irradiation, and outputs a detection signal, and a detection signal and a stimulation signal And an analysis unit for deriving a distance from the measurement point to the heat source position and identifying the heat source position.
- the analysis method of the present invention is an analysis method for specifying a heat source position inside a measurement object, the step of setting a measurement point for one surface of the measurement object, and the step of applying a stimulus signal to the measurement object And a step of irradiating the measurement point with light, a step of converting the light reflected at the measurement point in response to the light irradiation into a detection signal, and from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the detection signal and the stimulus signal. Deriving a distance and identifying a heat source location.
- a stimulus signal is applied to a measurement object irradiated with light.
- the short-circuit portion When a short-circuit portion exists inside the measurement object, the short-circuit portion generates heat and becomes a heat source by application of a stimulus signal.
- a heat source In a state where a heat source is generated, light reflected at a measurement point set with respect to one surface of the measurement object is detected according to the irradiated light, and a detection signal is output.
- the reflectance of light changes according to the heat from the heat source.
- the thermal response from the heat source becomes faster in inverse proportion to the distance from the heat source to the measurement point
- by analyzing the detection signal of light whose reflectivity has changed according to the heat from the heat source from the measurement point to the heat source position Can be estimated.
- the heat source position by specifying the heat source position by a method of analyzing the detection signal according to the reflected light, for example, compared with a method that requires an integration (shutter) time of about 1 ms to 10 ms, such as an infrared camera.
- the time resolution can be improved.
- the change in reflectance is maximum on the one surface, so that by detecting the light reflected on the one surface, It is possible to detect light that appropriately reflects the change in reflectance according to the heat of the heat source.
- the position of the heat source inside the measurement object can be specified with high accuracy.
- the analysis unit may derive the distance from the measurement point to the heat source position by deriving the phase delay amount of the detection signal with respect to the stimulus signal, and specify the heat source position. .
- the phase delay amount of the detection signal with respect to the stimulus signal changes according to the time change of the reflectance of the reflected light. For this reason, by deriving the phase delay amount of the detection signal, the distance to the heat source position can be derived and the heat source position can be specified. Derivation of the phase delay amount can be easily performed, and the phase delay amount and the temporal change in reflectance are in a close correspondence, so that the phase delay amount of the detection signal can be derived easily and accurately.
- the heat source position can be specified.
- the analysis unit may specify the heat source position by two-dimensionally mapping the phase delay amount.
- the heat source position can be analyzed more easily and with high accuracy. Further, for example, even when there are two or more heat sources, the position of the heat source can be easily and accurately analyzed.
- the setting unit sets at least three measurement points for the measurement object, and the analysis unit starts the heat source from each of the set at least three measurement points.
- the distance to the position may be derived, and the heat source position may be specified.
- the heat source position needs to specify a three-dimensional position, and the heat source position can be specified by deriving at least three phase delay amounts.
- the setting unit sets at least four measurement points with respect to the measurement object, and the analysis unit generates a heat source from each of the set at least four measurement points.
- Each distance to the position may be derived. In this case, based on the derived distance, a heat source position candidate region on one surface of the measurement target can be estimated.
- the analysis apparatus of the present invention may further include an infrared camera unit that acquires an infrared image of the measurement object. Since the approximate heat source position can be specified by the infrared image acquired by the infrared camera unit, the specification of the heat source position by the analysis unit can be simplified.
- the setting unit may set the measurement point based on the infrared image acquired by the infrared camera unit. Since the rough heat source position on one surface of the measurement object can be specified by the infrared image, the measurement point can be set at a more appropriate position.
- the analysis unit derives the distance from the measurement point to the heat source position based on the derived phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed determined according to the measurement object, and determines the heat source position. You may analyze. Since the distance to the heat source position is easily and accurately derived from the phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed, the heat source position can be specified easily and with high precision.
- the analysis unit stores in advance a table that defines the correspondence relationship between the phase delay amount of the detection signal and the distance from the measurement point to the heat source position, and the derived phase delay amount and Based on the table, the distance from the measurement point to the heat source position may be derived to analyze the heat source position.
- the light irradiator may include light intensity for outputting light and an optical scanner for irradiating the measurement point with light. Thereby, light can be appropriately irradiated to the set measurement point.
- the position of the heat source in the measurement object can be specified with high accuracy by improving the time resolution.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an analysis apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining a semiconductor device. It is a figure explaining the phase delay amount of a detection signal. It is a figure which shows the analysis image of the heat source position by three-point measurement. It is a block diagram of the analyzer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the analysis image of the heat-source position by 1-point measurement. It is a figure explaining the semiconductor device which concerns on a modification.
- the analysis apparatus 1 performs an analysis for specifying a heat source position in a measurement object (details will be described later) such as a semiconductor device SD that is a device under test (DUT).
- the heat source is a heat generation point inside the measurement object.
- the analysis device 1 is a failure analysis device that analyzes an abnormality such as a short portion inside the measurement object by specifying a heat source position.
- Examples of devices to be inspected include integrated circuits having PN junctions such as transistors (for example, small scale integrated circuits (SSI), medium scale integrated circuits (MSI), large scale integrated circuits (LSIs). : Large Scale Integration (VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration), Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI), Giga Scale Integration (GSI), for large currents / Memory storage devices such as high voltage MOS transistors and bipolar transistors can be used. In the following description, it is assumed that the device under test is an integrated circuit.
- SSI small scale integrated circuits
- MSI medium scale integrated circuits
- LSIs large scale integrated circuits
- VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
- ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration
- GSI Giga Scale Integration
- Memory storage devices such as high voltage MOS transistors and bipolar transistors can be used. In the following description, it is assumed that the device under test is an integrated circuit.
- the semiconductor device SD will be described with reference to FIG. 2A shows the semiconductor device SD1 as an example of the semiconductor device SD, and FIG. 2B shows the semiconductor device SD2 as an example of the semiconductor device SD.
- the insulating film X2 is laminated on the Si substrate X1
- the process layer X3 is further formed on the insulating film (SiO2 layer) X2
- the wiring layer X4 is formed on the process layer X3.
- the protective film X5 is laminated on the wiring layer X4.
- the part that can be a heat generation part due to the short circuit is a device layer including the process layer X3 and the wiring layer X4.
- one surface of the measurement object is, for example, a surface X41 in contact with the protective film X5 in the wiring layer X4 and a surface X31 in contact with the insulating film X2 in the process layer X3. is there.
- the protective film X5 and the insulating film X2 are also measured objects in addition to the device layer, one surface of the measured object is, for example, the surface X51 of the protective film X5 in contact with air and the insulation in contact with the Si substrate X1. This is the surface X21 of the film X2.
- one surface of the measurement object is, for example, the surface X51 of the protective film X5 that comes into contact with air and the surface X11 of the Si substrate X1 that comes into contact with air.
- the semiconductor device SD2 shown in FIG. 2B has a configuration substantially similar to that of the semiconductor device SD1 shown in FIG. 2A, but there is no insulating film X2 and the process layer X3 is stacked on the Si substrate X1. This is different from the semiconductor device SD1.
- a device layer including the process layer X3 and the wiring layer X4 is a measurement object, for example, one surface of the measurement object is a surface X41 in contact with the protective film X5 in the wiring layer X4, and the process This is the surface X31 in contact with the Si substrate X1 in the layer X3.
- one surface of the measurement object is in contact with, for example, the surface X51 of the protective film X5 that is in contact with air and the Si substrate X1 in the process layer X3.
- Surface X31 the Si substrate X1 is also a measurement object
- one surface of the measurement object is, for example, the surface X51 of the protective film X5 that comes into contact with air and the surface X11 of the Si substrate X1 that comes into contact with air.
- the semiconductor device SD is assumed to be the semiconductor device SD1, and the process layer X3, the wiring layer X4, the protective film X5, and the insulating film X2 will be described as the measurement object MO in the present embodiment.
- the measurement object MO one surface of the measurement object MO described above may be described as the surface of the measurement object.
- the analysis apparatus 1 includes a tester 11 (application unit), a light source 12 (light irradiation unit), a photodetector 13 (light detection unit), a processing unit 14, a computer 15, and a display unit 28. And an input unit 29.
- the computer 15 includes a data analysis unit 15a (analysis unit), a control unit 15b, and a condition setting unit 15c (setting unit).
- the semiconductor device SD is placed on the stage 25.
- the tester 11 outputs a modulation current (stimulation signal) and applies the modulation current to the measurement object MO of the semiconductor device SD.
- the semiconductor device SD is driven by the modulation current applied by the tester 11.
- the short portion when a short portion is included in the measurement object MO, the short portion generates heat as a heat source when a modulation current is applied. That is, the tester 11 generates a heat source in the semiconductor device SD by applying a modulation current to the measurement object MO.
- the tester 11 Based on the timing trigger signal input from the processing unit 14, the tester 11 generates and outputs a modulation current having the same frequency and phase synchronization as the timing trigger signal.
- the light source 12 irradiates the measurement object MO with light (irradiation light).
- the light source 12 is composed of SLD (Super Luminescent Diode).
- the light source 12 may be a laser light source such as an LD (Laser Diode), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or a light source using a lamp light source. Further, the irradiation light may be CW light or pulsed light.
- the wavelength of the irradiation light is, for example, about 1.3 ⁇ m, and the refractive index of the measurement object MO mainly made of silicon is about 3.5.
- the irradiation light output from the light source 12 is input to the polarizer 18 through the pinhole 16 and the lens 17.
- the polarizer 18 transmits only the irradiation light polarized in a specific direction, and the irradiation light transmitted through the polarizer 18 is input to a deflecting beam splitter (hereinafter referred to as PBS: Polarization Beam Splitter) 19.
- PBS Polarization Beam Splitter
- the PBS 19 transmits light polarized in a specific direction and reflects light polarized in a specific direction.
- the PBS 19 reflects the irradiation light transmitted through the polarizer 18 toward the optical scanner 26 (light irradiation unit).
- the optical scanner 26 is, for example, a galvanometer mirror scanner, a polygon mirror scanner, a MEMS mirror scanner, or the like, and is controlled so as to irradiate light from the PBS 19 to a desired position of the measurement object MO.
- the polarizer 18 may be deleted if not required.
- the irradiation light output from the optical scanner 26 passes through the short pass filter 27 and is irradiated to the measurement object MO of the semiconductor device SD through the ⁇ / 4 plate 20 and the lens 21. More specifically, the irradiation light is applied to measurement points set on the surface of the measurement object MO described later.
- the light (reflected light) reflected at the measurement point according to the irradiation light is input to the PBS 19 again through the lens 21, the short pass filter 27, the ⁇ / 4 plate 20, and the optical scanner 26.
- the short pass filter 27 can block infrared rays generated by the measurement object MO.
- the light input to the PBS 19 is transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 plate 20 twice, so that the polarization direction is inclined, so that the PBS 19 transmits the reflected light.
- the reflected light is input to the photodetector 13 through the lens 22 and the pinhole 23.
- the optical system of the present embodiment uses a confocal optical system and is configured to detect reflected light from a limited focal range.
- the pinholes 16 and 23 are used.
- a confocal optical system may be realized by using the difference in refractive index between the core and the clad using an optical fiber.
- the photodetector 13 detects the reflected light reflected on the surface of the measurement object MO according to the irradiation light.
- the photodetector 13 converts the detected reflected light into a detection signal that is an analog signal and outputs the detection signal.
- the photodetector 13 is an APD (Avalanche PhotoDiode), PD (PhotoDiode), PMT (PhotoMultiplier Tube), or the like.
- APD Anavalanche PhotoDiode
- PD PhotoDiode
- PMT PhotoMultiplier Tube
- the time change of the detection signal output from the photodetector 13 changes according to the speed of the thermal response that the measurement point receives from the heat source.
- the quickness of the thermal response which a measurement point receives from a heat source becomes quick, so that a measurement point is near from a heat source.
- the detection signal output from the photodetector 13 is input to the processing unit 14.
- the processing unit 14 outputs a timing trigger signal to the tester 11 and the computer 15. Based on the timing trigger signal, the tester 11 generates a modulation current having the same frequency and the same phase as the timing trigger signal. Further, when the detection signal is input, the processing unit 14 outputs the detection signal to the computer 15.
- the computer 15 includes a data analysis unit 15a that identifies the heat source position of the measurement object MO based on the detection signal and the stimulation signal, a condition setting unit 15c that sets a measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO, and the photodetector 13. ,
- the computer 15 is connected to a display unit 28 for displaying an analysis result and an image such as a pattern image of the semiconductor device SD and an input unit 29 for inputting analysis conditions.
- the condition setting unit 15c sets measurement points for the surface of the measurement object MO. Specifically, the user designates at least one measurement point using the input unit 29 while looking at the display unit 28 on which the pattern image of the semiconductor device SD is displayed.
- An example of the pattern image is an LSM image.
- the condition setting unit 15c sets position information (x coordinate and y coordinate) on the surface of the measurement object MO based on the position information of the designated measurement point.
- the control unit 15b controls the optical scanner 26 based on the position information of the measurement points set by the condition setting unit 15c. Specifically, the control unit 15b controls the optical scanner 26 so that light is irradiated to the measurement points on the surface of the measurement object MO based on the position information of the measurement points.
- the data analysis unit 15a specifies the heat source position of the measurement object MO based on the detection signal. Specifically, the data analysis unit 15a derives the phase delay amount (see FIG. 3) of the detection signal with respect to the modulation current, and thereby the heat source from the point (measurement point) where the light is reflected on the surface of the measurement object MO. The distance to the position is derived and the heat source position is specified. Since the modulation current is a signal having the same frequency and the same phase as the timing trigger signal, the data analysis unit 15a determines the phase of the detection signal with respect to the modulation current based on the timing trigger signal and the detection signal input from the processing unit 14. The amount of delay (see FIG. 3) can be derived.
- the phase delay amount of the detection signal with respect to the modulation current also changes according to the distance from the measurement point to the heat source. Specifically, the phase delay amount of the detection signal increases in proportion to the distance from the measurement point to the heat source.
- the data analysis unit 15a determines the distance from the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO to the heat source from the derived phase delay amount. More specifically, the data analysis unit 15a derives the distance from the measurement point to the heat source by multiplying the derived phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed determined according to the measurement object MO.
- V (m / s) heat propagation speed
- f (kHz) frequency of modulation current
- K (W / m / k) thermal conductivity of measurement object MO
- q (J / g / k) Specific heat of measurement object MO
- the data analysis unit 15a stores in advance a table that defines the correspondence between the phase delay amount and the distance from the measurement point to the heat source, and based on the derived phase delay amount and the table, the measurement point The distance to the heat source may be derived.
- the data analysis unit 15a analyzes the heat source position based on the derived distance from the measurement point to the heat source. Specifically, the data analysis unit 15a derives the phase delay amount of the detection signal at each of the three measurement points on the surface of the measurement object MO, and derives the distance from the measurement point to the heat source. Then, the three-dimensional heat source position is uniquely specified based on the distance to the heat source at each of the three measurement points.
- the specification of the heat source position by the data analysis unit 15a will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing only the portion of the measurement object MO in the semiconductor device SD.
- the Z-axis direction in FIG. 4 is the optical axis direction of the irradiation light and the stacking direction of the measurement object MO (semiconductor device SD).
- the X-axis direction in FIG. 4 is a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction
- the Y-axis direction is a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. Therefore, a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is formed by the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- the data analysis unit 15a includes parameters (v (m / s): heat propagation speed, f (kHz): frequency of modulation current, K (W / m / k): measurement object. MO thermal conductivity, q (J / g / k): specific heat of the measurement object MO, ⁇ (kg / m -3 ): density of the measurement object MO) are set in advance, and the heat propagation speed is calculated ⁇ It is remembered. First, the data analysis unit 15a stores the coordinates (x1, y1) of the measurement point P1 set by the condition setting unit 15c.
- the data analysis unit 15a derives the phase delay amount of the detection signal based on the detection signal converted from the reflected light at the measurement point P1 and the modulation current (timing trigger signal). Further, the data analysis unit 15a derives the distance l1 from the measurement point P1 to the heat source S based on the phase delay amount and the stored heat propagation speed.
- the data analysis unit 15a stores the coordinates (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) for the different measurement points P2 and P3, respectively, and at each measurement point P2 and P3.
- the phase delay amount is calculated based on the detection signal converted from the reflected light and the modulation current
- the distance l2 from the measurement point P2 to the heat source S and the heat source S from the measurement point P3 are calculated based on the phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed.
- the data analysis unit 15a includes the coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) (x3, y3) of the measurement points P1, P2, and P3, and the measurement points P1, P2, and P3 to the heat source S.
- the data analysis unit 15a identifies the heat source position. According to this method, even when there is no position information of the heat source position, the data analysis unit 15a can specify the heat source position by setting at least three measurement points.
- measurement may be performed while narrowing down a region where the heat source position exists.
- four or more measurement points are randomly set on the surface of the measurement object MO, and the distance between each measurement point and the heat source position is derived and compared to estimate the region where the heat source position exists. Is possible. Then, the measurement points are set again in the estimation region, the region where the heat source region exists is narrowed, and finally, at least three measurement points are set, so that the data analysis unit 15a specifies the heat source position. be able to.
- the data analysis unit 15a may analyze the heat source position by two-dimensional mapping the phase delay amount at each measurement point. More specifically, the data analysis unit 15a may map the phase delay amount to the coordinates of each measurement point with the above-described X axis and Y axis as the two axes. In this case, for example, even when there are two or more heat sources, it is easy to visually grasp the heat source position from the two-dimensional map.
- a method of specifying a heat source position by applying a modulation current to a measurement object and measuring heat generated from the heat source inside the measurement object with an infrared camera is known.
- a two-dimensional position that does not take into account the depth direction of the heat source can be identified simply from the detection signal (captured image) from the infrared camera.
- the position of the heat source in the depth direction needs to be specified from the delay amount (phase delay amount) of the detection signal with respect to the modulation current.
- Infrared cameras measure the energy of blackbody radiation that changes the color of light emitted according to temperature.
- the infrared camera can acquire an image having a sensitivity (S / N ratio) that can derive the delay amount of the detection signal depends on the amount of heat (heat radiation amount) radiated from the measurement object.
- S / N ratio sensitivity
- an integration (shutter) time of about 1 ms to 10 ms is required.
- the time resolution when the delay amount of the detection signal is derived by the conventional method.
- the thickness of the measurement object when the thickness of the measurement object is thin (for example, 20 ⁇ m or less when the circuit structure is formed on a single-layer LSI), the heat propagation distance becomes short due to the shallow heat source position, and the measurement object The thermal response of becomes faster.
- the thermal response of the measurement object cannot be measured sufficiently, and the analysis accuracy of the heat source position may be reduced.
- the analysis error of the heat source position may be about 5 ⁇ m due to the limitation of the time resolution described above.
- a modulation current is applied to the measurement object MO irradiated with light.
- the short-circuited portion When a short-circuited portion exists inside the measurement object MO, the short-circuited portion generates heat as a heat source by applying a modulation current.
- the reflected light reflected at the measurement point according to the irradiation light is detected, and a detection signal is output.
- the reflectance of the reflected light changes with time according to the heat from the heat source.
- the thermal response from the heat source detected at the measurement point becomes faster in inverse proportion to the distance from the heat source to the measurement point
- the distance from the measurement point to the heat source can be estimated.
- a method that requires an integration (shutter) time of about 1 ms to 10 ms like an infrared camera. The time resolution can be improved as compared with.
- the thermal response can be appropriately measured, and the analysis accuracy of the heat source position can be improved. Specifically, if the probe light intensity can be secured above a certain level, the time resolution becomes sub-nanosecond accuracy, and the analysis error of the heat source position can be 100 nm or less.
- the change in the reflectance of the reflected light is maximized on the surface of the measurement object MO, which is a surface where substances having different refractive indexes are in contact with each other, so that the reflected light reflected on the surface of the measurement object MO is detected.
- the heat source position can be analyzed with high accuracy.
- the infrared camera detects black body radiation, so the infrared camera must also detect infrared rays generated from other than the heat source at the same time. Due to the influence of such noise, the analysis accuracy of the heat source position may be lowered.
- the analysis apparatus 1 since the analysis apparatus 1 detects heat generation from the reflected light on the surface of the measurement object MO, the influence of noise can be reduced, and measurement can be performed with only the influence of the heat source. Thereby, the analysis accuracy of the heat source position can be improved.
- the data analysis unit 15a derives the distance from the measurement point of the measurement object MO to the heat source position by deriving the phase delay amount of the detection signal with respect to the timing trigger signal (that is, the modulation current), and the heat source
- the position is analyzed.
- the amount of phase delay of the detection signal with respect to the modulation current changes according to the time change of the reflectance of the reflected light.
- the heat source position can be analyzed by deriving the phase delay amount of the detection signal. Derivation of the phase delay amount can be easily performed, and the phase delay amount and the temporal change in reflectance are in a close correspondence, so that the phase delay amount of the detection signal can be derived easily and accurately.
- the heat source position can be analyzed.
- the data analysis unit 15a may analyze the heat source position by two-dimensionally mapping the phase delay amount at the measurement point.
- the phase delay amount at each measurement point can be visually confirmed, and the heat source position can be analyzed more easily and with high accuracy. Further, for example, even when there are two or more heat sources, the position of the heat source can be easily and accurately analyzed.
- the data analysis unit 15a may derive the phase delay amount of the detection signal at at least three measurement points on the surface of the measurement object MO.
- the heat source position needs to specify a three-dimensional position, the heat source position can be specified while reducing the number of measurements as much as possible by deriving at least three phase delay amounts.
- the data analysis unit 15a may derive the phase delay amount of the detection signal at four or more measurement points on the surface of the measurement object MO. Since the detection of the heat source position can be narrowed down, the heat source position can be analyzed with higher accuracy.
- the distance from the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO to the heat source is determined by the data analysis unit 15a based on the derived phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed determined according to the measurement object MO. And the heat source position may be analyzed. Since the distance from the measurement point to the heat source is derived easily and with high accuracy from the phase delay amount and the heat propagation speed, the heat source position can be easily and highly accurately analyzed.
- the data analysis unit 15a stores in advance a table that defines a correspondence relationship between the phase delay amount of the detection signal and the distance from the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO to the heat source, Based on the derived phase delay amount and the table, the distance from the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO to the heat source may be derived to analyze the heat source position.
- the distance from the measurement point on the surface of the measurement object MO to the heat source may be derived to analyze the heat source position.
- the analysis apparatus 1A has the same configuration as the analysis apparatus 1 with regard to the configuration for performing optical probing.
- the analysis apparatus 1A includes an infrared camera 30 (infrared camera unit) that detects infrared rays from the measurement object MO including infrared rays from the heat source of the measurement object MO, and the light from the lens 21 in the infrared wavelength region (2.5 ⁇ m).
- a dichroic mirror 31 that separates the light into a wavelength shorter than the near infrared wavelength (2.5 ⁇ m or less).
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 20 is disposed on the optical path between the dichroic mirror 31 and the optical scanner 26.
- the light transmitted through the dichroic mirror 31 is imaged by the lens (22) and captured by the infrared camera 30.
- the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 31 is detected by the photodetector 13 through the ⁇ / 4 plate 20, the optical scanner 26, the PBS 19, and the like.
- the dichroic mirror 31 also serves to shield infrared rays so that light in the infrared wavelength region is not output to the optical path to the photodetector 13.
- the position of the heat source is specified while switching between an infrared imaging mode in which infrared rays from the heat source are detected by the infrared camera 30 and an optical probing mode in which reflected light is detected by the photodetector 13 or at the same time. (Details will be described later).
- the infrared camera 30 measures the energy of black body radiation in which the color of light emitted changes according to temperature.
- the infrared camera 30 has a plane direction (X-axis, Y-axis in FIGS. 5 and 6) perpendicular to the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction in FIGS. 5 and 6) of the irradiation light in the heat source position. Specify the position in the axial direction.
- the infrared camera 30 outputs the detection signal (infrared image) to the computer 15 when detecting (imaging) the heat generated from the heat source inside the measurement object MO as infrared rays.
- the computer 15 determines the X coordinate and Y coordinate of the point with the highest amount of heat on the surface of the measurement object MO (that is, the point directly above the heat source) as the X coordinate and Y coordinate of the heat source. Specify as coordinates. After specifying the X coordinate and Y coordinate of the heat source in this way, the condition setting unit 15c sets measurement points on the surface of the measurement object MO. At this time, the specified X and Y coordinates of the heat source may be set as measurement points, or a plurality of measurement points may be set around and around the X and Y coordinates of the heat source.
- the measurement point set by the condition setting unit 15 c is irradiated with light, and the reflected light is measured by the photodetector 13.
- the phase delay amount of the detection signal input from the photodetector 13 to the processing unit 14 and further input from the processing unit 14 to the data analysis unit 15a at the set measurement point is derived.
- the specification of the heat source position by the data analysis unit 15a will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing only the portion of the measurement object MO in the semiconductor device SD.
- the computer 15 acquires the X coordinate and the Y coordinate (s1, s2) of the heat source S1 by reading the detection signal (infrared image) input from the infrared camera 30 in a state where the analysis apparatus 1A is in the infrared imaging mode.
- the X coordinate and Y coordinate (s1, s2) of the heat source S1 are set as measurement points.
- each parameter (v (m / s): heat propagation speed, f (kHz): frequency of modulation current, K (W / m / k): measurement target in the data analysis unit 15a described above.
- the thermal conductivity of the object MO, q (J / g / k): specific heat of the object MO to be measured, and ⁇ (kg / m -3 ): density of the object MO to be measured are calculated and stored.
- the data analysis unit 15a derives the phase delay amount of the detection signal based on the detection signal converted from the reflected light at the measurement point P1 and the modulation current (timing trigger signal). Further, the data analysis unit 15a derives the distance l1 from the measurement point P1 to the heat source S1 based on the phase delay amount and the stored heat propagation speed.
- the data analysis unit 15a is based on the distance l1 from the measurement point P1 to the heat source S1 in the Z-axis direction of the heat source S1.
- the position in the (optical axis direction, depth direction) can be derived.
- the coordinates (s1, s2, s3) that are the positions of the heat source S1 are specified.
- the data analysis unit 15a identifies the heat source position.
- the condition setting unit 15c may set not only one point on the surface of the measurement object MO but a plurality of measurement points based on the infrared image. At this time, it is preferable to set measurement points around or around the heat source S1.
- the analysis apparatus 1A includes an infrared camera 30 that acquires an infrared image of the measurement object MO. Since a rough heat source position can be specified by the infrared camera 30, the analysis of the heat source position by the data analysis unit 15a can be simplified.
- condition setting unit 15c sets at least one measurement point with reference to the heat source position in the infrared image based on the infrared image acquired by the infrared camera 30.
- the heat source position in the infrared image may be set as the measurement point, or the measurement point may be set around the heat source position.
- an infrared image may be displayed on the display unit 28, and the user may set a measurement point using the input unit 29. Thereby, the heat source position specification by optical probing can be performed more simply.
- the data analysis unit 15a determines three or more surfaces of the measurement object MO surrounding the position in the plane direction specified by the infrared camera 30 as measurement points, and the phase of the detection signal at the measurement points of three or more surfaces.
- a delay amount may be derived.
- the position of the heat source in the plane direction is narrowed down by the infrared camera 30 and the phase delay amount of the point surrounding the position is derived, for example, measurement of three or more random points without using the infrared camera 30
- the analysis accuracy of the heat source position can be improved. That is, the heat source position can be analyzed with higher accuracy.
- the infrared camera 30 for example, even when there are a plurality of heat sources, the number of heat sources and the two-dimensional position (plane direction position) can be easily grasped in advance by the infrared camera 30. Become. Further, the three-dimensional position of the heat source may be first identified by the infrared camera 30. In this case, although the accuracy is inferior to the analysis of the heat source position by optical probing, it is possible to grasp the entire image of the plurality of heat sources.
- the measurement object MO may be moved using the stage 25 so that light is irradiated to the measurement point set by the condition setting unit 15c.
- the condition setting unit 15c may set a plurality of measurement points on the measurement object MO at random, and a plurality of measurement points may be measured while scanning the whole or part of the measurement object MO. Measurement points may be set.
- a trigger signal having the same modulation current and frequency output from the tester 11 to the semiconductor device SD and having the same phase may be output from the tester 11 to the processing unit 14 and synchronized with the processing unit 14.
- the semiconductor device SD does not necessarily need to be driven by the modulation current (stimulation signal) applied by the tester 11, and may apply a modulation current (stimulation signal) separately from the drive signal.
- the semiconductor devices SD1 and SD2 that are integrated circuits have been described as an example of the semiconductor device SD, but the semiconductor device is not limited to this.
- the semiconductor device may be the power device SD101 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, in the power device SD101, the Si substrate X102 and the process layer X103 are stacked so as to be sandwiched between the metal electrodes X101 and X104. A protective film X105 is stacked on the metal electrode X104.
- the protective film X105 does not cover the entire surface of the metal electrode X104, and the metal electrode X104 that is not covered by the protective film X105 is in contact with air.
- the metal electrodes X101 and X104, and the Si substrate X102 and the process layer X103 sandwiched between the metal electrodes X101 and X104 are measurement objects.
- the surfaces of the measurement objects are the surfaces X111 and X141 of the metal electrodes X101 and X104 that are in contact with air, and the surface X142 of the metal electrode X104 that is in contact with the protective film X105.
- the surface of the measurement object includes the surface X151 of the protective film X105 in contact with air.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、第1実施形態に係る解析装置1は、被検査デバイス(DUT:Device Under Test)である半導体デバイスSDなどの計測対象物(詳細は後述)における熱源位置を特定する解析装置である。熱源とは計測対象物内部の発熱箇所である。計測対象物に信号が印加された際に計測対象物内部に短絡(ショート)箇所などがあると、当該ショート箇所が発熱し熱源となる。すなわち、解析装置1は、熱源位置を特定することにより計測対象物内部のショート箇所などの異常を解析する故障解析装置である。
次に、図5及び図6を参照して、第2実施形態に係る解析装置1Aについて説明する。なお、本実施形態の説明では上述した第1実施形態と異なる点について主に説明する。
Claims (12)
- 計測対象物の内部の熱源位置を特定する解析装置であって、
前記計測対象物の一面に対して計測点を設定する設定部と、
前記計測対象物に刺激信号を印加する印加部と、
前記計測点に光を照射する光照射部と、
前記光の照射に応じて前記計測点で反射された光を検出し、検出信号を出力する光検出部と、
前記検出信号及び前記刺激信号に基づいて、前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出し、前記熱源位置を特定する解析部と、を備える解析装置。 - 前記設定部は、前記計測対象物に対して少なくとも3点の前記計測点を設定し、
前記解析部は、前記少なくとも3点の前記計測点の各点から前記熱源位置までの距離をそれぞれ導出し、前記熱源位置を特定する、請求項1記載の解析装置。 - 前記計測対象物の赤外線画像を取得する赤外線カメラ部を更に備える、請求項1又は2記載の解析装置。
- 前記設定部は、前記赤外線カメラ部によって得られた赤外線画像に基づいて、前記計測点を設定する、請求項3記載の解析装置。
- 前記解析部は、前記刺激信号に対する前記検出信号の位相遅延量を導出することにより前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の解析装置。
- 前記解析部は、導出した前記位相遅延量と、前記計測対象物に応じて決まる熱伝搬速度とに基づいて、前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出し、前記熱源位置を解析する、請求項5記載の解析装置。
- 前記解析部は、
前記検出信号の位相遅延量と、前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離との対応関係を規定したテーブルを予め記憶しており、
導出した前記位相遅延量と前記テーブルとに基づいて、前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出し、前記熱源位置を解析する、請求項5又は6記載の解析装置。 - 前記光照射部は、前記光を出力する光源と、前記計測点に前記光を照射する光スキャナと、を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載の解析装置。
- 計測対象物の内部の熱源位置を特定する解析方法であって、
前記計測対象物の一面に対して計測点を設定する工程と、
前記計測対象物に刺激信号を印加する工程と、
前記計測点に光を照射する工程と、
前記光の照射に応じて前記計測点で反射された光を検出信号に変換する工程と、
前記検出信号及び前記刺激信号に基づいて、前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出し、前記熱源位置を特定する工程と、を含む解析方法。 - 前記計測点を設定する工程において、前記計測対象物に対して少なくとも3点の前記計測点を設定し、
前記熱源位置を特定する工程において、前記少なくとも3点の前記計測点の各点から前記熱源位置までの距離をそれぞれ導出し、前記熱源位置を特定する、請求項9記載の解析方法。 - 赤外線カメラを用いて、前記計測対象物の赤外線画像を取得する工程を更に備え、
前記計測点を設定する工程において、前記赤外線画像に基づいて、前記計測点を設定する、請求項9又は10記載の解析方法。 - 前記熱源位置を特定する工程において、前記刺激信号に対する前記検出信号の位相遅延量を導出することにより前記計測点から前記熱源位置までの距離を導出する、請求項9~11の何れか一項記載の解析方法。
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