WO2016052718A1 - Soil erosion inhibitor - Google Patents

Soil erosion inhibitor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016052718A1
WO2016052718A1 PCT/JP2015/078001 JP2015078001W WO2016052718A1 WO 2016052718 A1 WO2016052718 A1 WO 2016052718A1 JP 2015078001 W JP2015078001 W JP 2015078001W WO 2016052718 A1 WO2016052718 A1 WO 2016052718A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil erosion
synthetic resin
erosion inhibitor
vinyl acetate
resin powder
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PCT/JP2015/078001
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
皓一 福田
宏典 小西
小手　和洋
隆二 松野
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デンカ株式会社
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Application filed by デンカ株式会社 filed Critical デンカ株式会社
Priority to US15/515,963 priority Critical patent/US10703972B2/en
Priority to JP2016552170A priority patent/JP6526035B2/en
Priority to CN201580053491.9A priority patent/CN106795432B/en
Publication of WO2016052718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016052718A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K17/20—Vinyl polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C09D123/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C09D123/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
    • C09D123/0853—Vinylacetate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a soil erosion inhibitor that is suitably used to prevent soil erosion from slopes formed by embankments and cuts in the construction of construction sites, roads, dams, and the like.
  • Patent Document 1 water-swellable absorbent resin, the sprayed materials compounded with soil drying inhibitor comprising a surfactant and a synthetic resin emulsion in an amount of spray material 1 m 3 per 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 kg By spraying on the surface, soil erosion is prevented.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which a resin powder obtained by drying a synthetic resin emulsion is used as a soil erosion inhibitor.
  • Patent Document 2 As a soil erosion inhibitor, there is a problem that the resin powder may absorb moisture and solidify during long-term storage. I found out.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a soil erosion inhibitor comprising a resin powder having excellent moisture absorption resistance.
  • a soil erosion inhibitor containing a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less is provided.
  • the glass transition temperature of the synthetic resin is less than 5 ° C.
  • the synthetic resin includes a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate.
  • the synthetic resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • a revegetation method using the soil erosion inhibitor described above and a vegetation base material added with the soil erosion inhibitor described above at a rate of 0.5 to 10 kg per 1 m 3 of bark compost. is provided.
  • the soil erosion inhibitor of the present invention contains a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less. This soil erosion inhibitor is excellent in moisture absorption resistance during storage.
  • the soil erosion inhibitor is preferably composed of the synthetic resin powder, but may contain substances other than the synthetic resin powder.
  • Re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder is a powder that becomes emulsified when dispersed in water.
  • a synthetic resin powder can be produced, for example, by powdering an aqueous resin emulsion by a method such as spray drying (commercially available as “emulsion powder”).
  • spray drying commercially available as “emulsion powder”.
  • aqueous resin emulsion that can be used for the production of synthetic resin powder is not particularly limited, and vinyl acetate resin emulsion, vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion, acrylate resin emulsion, styrene acrylate copolymer emulsion, ethylene acetate Vinyl copolymer emulsion, styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsion, vinylidene resin emulsion, polybutene resin emulsion, acrylonitrile-butadiene resin emulsion, methacrylate-butadiene resin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, epoxy resin emulsion, urethane resin emulsion, silicone resin emulsion Among them, emulsions of resins containing structural units derived from vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate resin emulsion, acetic acid Cycloalkenyl copolymer emulsion, ethylene-vinyl
  • the method for producing the aqueous resin emulsion is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced by adding an emulsifier and a monomer to a dispersion medium containing water as a main component and emulsion polymerizing the monomer while stirring.
  • the bulk density of the synthetic resin powder is 0.50 g / mL or less. This is because if the bulk density is higher than this, the moisture absorption resistance is lowered.
  • the minimum of a bulk density is not prescribed
  • the bulk density tends to decrease as the particle size of the synthetic resin powder becomes smaller. If the bulk density is too small, the particle size of the synthetic resin powder also becomes smaller, the powder tends to flutter, and handling becomes difficult. Absent.
  • the bulk density of the synthetic resin powder can be adjusted according to the drying conditions and post-drying post-treatment (pulverization, classification, etc.) conditions when producing the synthetic resin powder by spray drying the aqueous resin emulsion.
  • the bulk density is preferably measured in a powder state.
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the synthetic resin of the synthetic resin powder is, for example, 20 ° C. or less, and preferably 5 ° C. or less. This is because if the Tg is too large, the soil erosion preventive property when used in a low temperature environment decreases.
  • the lower limit of Tg is not particularly limited, but is, for example, ⁇ 25 or ⁇ 20 ° C. If the Tg is too low, the film at the time of curing becomes soft and the strength decreases, which is not preferable.
  • Tg can be adjusted by changing the composition of the synthetic resin. For example, when the synthetic resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, Tg tends to increase as the vinyl acetate content increases. For example, by setting the vinyl acetate content to 87 wt% or less, the Tg is set to 5 ° C. or less. be able to.
  • This soil erosion inhibitor can be used to make a vegetation base material by adding it to spraying materials mainly composed of soil and mixed with seeds, fertilizers and the like. And the surface can be greened by spraying the vegetation base material on the surface to be protected.
  • the soil erosion inhibitor of the present invention can be used for the greening method of the surface to be protected.
  • the method of spraying the vegetation base material onto the target surface and examples include seed spraying, soil spraying, and base material spraying, or helicopters when the target surface is very large It can also be seeded and sprayed from other aircraft.
  • the amount of the soil erosion inhibitor to be added is not particularly limited, but it is preferably added to 0.5 to 10 kg (preferably 1 to 4 kg) with respect to 1 m 3 of the spray material.
  • part and % mean “part by mass” and “% by mass”, respectively.
  • the bulk density was measured by the method shown below according to JIS K 6721: 1977.
  • JIS Kasa specific gravity measuring instrument JIS-K-6721 manufactured by Tsutsui Rika Instruments Co., Ltd. was used as the bulk density measuring apparatus. First, 120 mL of a sample having a solid content of 98.0% by mass or more was weighed in a metal bowl so as not to generate static electricity, and stirred 10 times with a spoon to stir the entire sample. After putting the sample into the funnel with the damper inserted, pull out the damper immediately and gently drop it into the receiver at a constant speed.
  • the sample raised from the receiver is gently scraped along the upper surface of the receiver, and the weight of the receiver is measured to 0.1 g.
  • Tg Glass transition temperature
  • the glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by the method shown below. First, the powder sample was re-emulsified in pure water to give a 40 w% re-emulsified emulsion. Next, the re-emulsified emulsion was poured into a mold and dried at 23 ° C. for 5 days to produce a film having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The produced film was used as a sample and measured by DSC (Seiko Denshi Kogyo EXSTAR6000 DSC-6200) according to JIS K7121. The intersection of the tangent line of the base line in the DSC curve and the tangent line of the steeply descending position of the endothermic region due to glass transition was defined as Tg.
  • VA content ⁇ Vinyl acetate content (VA content)> The vinyl acetate content (VA content) was measured by the method shown below. First, a sample was added to deuterated chloroform, and 1H-NMR measurement was carried out at 25 ° C. on the soluble component subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The composition ratio was calculated from the following formula 1, and the VA content was calculated. “86” and “28” in Formula 1 indicate the molecular weights of the vinyl acetate monomer unit and the ethylene monomer unit, respectively. “4” in Formula 1 represents the number of equivalent protons in the ethylene monomer unit, and the peak area per proton is calculated by dividing the peak area by the number of protons.
  • VA vinyl acetate monomer unit
  • Et ethylene monomer unit
  • MA mass ratio
  • S VA 4.60 (peak derived from proton underlined of vinyl acetate monomer units (-C H (OCOCH3) -CH2-) ) ⁇ 5.25ppm peak area
  • S 1 1.02 to 3.00 ppm peak area (peaks derived from protons underlined in ethylene monomer units (—C H2 —C H2 —) + peaks derived from the above protons of vinyl acetate monomer units + water protons)
  • Peak derived from S 2 Peak area around 1.6 ppm (peak derived from water protons)
  • ⁇ Powders are not bonded and before applying to environmental tester when lightly applied It returns to the equivalent state, but small lumps can be made.
  • X The powders are bonded to each other and do not return to the powder state even when force is applied.
  • a vegetation base of a thick-layer base material sprayer blended with the prepared sample was prepared, and the amount of soil flowing out by a precipitation test was measured.

Abstract

A soil erosion inhibitor comprising resin powder having excellent moisture absorption resistance is provided. The present invention provides a soil erosion inhibitor containing a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g/mL or less.

Description

土壌侵食防止剤Soil erosion inhibitor
　本発明は、造成地、道路、ダムなどの建設での盛土や切土によって形成される法面等からの土壌の侵食を防止するために好適に使用される土壌侵食防止剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil erosion inhibitor that is suitably used to prevent soil erosion from slopes formed by embankments and cuts in the construction of construction sites, roads, dams, and the like.
　造成地、道路、ダムなどの建設では盛土や切土が行われ、それによって形成される法面は、そのまま放置すると降雨や風化などによって侵食され、地滑りや落石などの事故が発生する。そのために、特許文献１では、水膨潤性吸水性樹脂、界面活性剤及び合成樹脂エマルジョンからなる土壌乾燥防止剤を吹付資材１ｍ３当り０．５～１．５ｋｇの割合で配合した吹付資材を法面に対して吹き付けることによって、土壌の侵食を防止している。 In the construction of land, roads, dams, etc., embankments and cuts are carried out, and the slopes formed by them are eroded by rain, weathering, etc., and accidents such as landslides and falling rocks occur. Law Therefore, in Patent Document 1, water-swellable absorbent resin, the sprayed materials compounded with soil drying inhibitor comprising a surfactant and a synthetic resin emulsion in an amount of spray material 1 m 3 per 0.5 ~ 1.5 kg By spraying on the surface, soil erosion is prevented.
　一方、特許文献１で使用している合成樹脂エマルジョンは、液体状であるため、凍結したり、運搬にコストがかかるという問題がある。このような問題を解消するものとして、特許文献２には、合成樹脂エマルジョンを乾燥させて得られる樹脂粉末を土壌侵食防止剤として用いる技術が開示されている。 On the other hand, since the synthetic resin emulsion used in Patent Document 1 is in a liquid state, there is a problem that it is frozen or expensive to transport. In order to solve such a problem, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which a resin powder obtained by drying a synthetic resin emulsion is used as a soil erosion inhibitor.
特許第４０４８８００号Patent No. 4048800 特開２００６－３６８５１号JP 2006-36851 A
　しかし、本発明者らが特許文献２に開示されているような樹脂粉末を土壌侵食防止剤として用いることを検討したところ、長期保存時に樹脂粉末が吸湿して固まってしまう場合があるという問題があることが分かった。 However, when the present inventors examined using a resin powder as disclosed in Patent Document 2 as a soil erosion inhibitor, there is a problem that the resin powder may absorb moisture and solidify during long-term storage. I found out.
　本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、耐吸湿性に優れた樹脂粉末からなる土壌侵食防止剤を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a soil erosion inhibitor comprising a resin powder having excellent moisture absorption resistance.
　本発明によれば、嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下である再乳化性の合成樹脂粉末を含有する土壌侵食防止剤が提供される。 According to the present invention, a soil erosion inhibitor containing a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less is provided.
　本発明者が耐吸湿性に与える因子を調べるべく、樹脂粉末の種々の物性と耐吸湿性との関係を調べたところ、樹脂粉末の嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下の場合に、樹脂粉末の耐吸湿性が顕著に向上するという知見が得られ、本発明の完成に到った。 In order to investigate the factors that the present inventors give to moisture absorption resistance, the relationship between various physical properties of the resin powder and moisture absorption resistance was examined. When the bulk density of the resin powder was 0.50 g / mL or less, the resin powder The knowledge that the hygroscopic resistance of the material significantly improved was obtained, and the present invention was completed.
　以下、本発明の種々の実施形態を例示する。以下に示す実施形態は互いに組み合わせ可能である。
　好ましくは、前記合成樹脂のガラス転移温度が５℃未満以下である。
　好ましくは、前記合成樹脂が、酢酸ビニルに由来する構造単位を含む。
　好ましくは、前記合成樹脂が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である。 Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be exemplified. The following embodiments can be combined with each other.
Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the synthetic resin is less than 5 ° C.
Preferably, the synthetic resin includes a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the synthetic resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
　本発明の別の観点によれば上記記載の土壌侵食防止剤を使用した緑化工法、及び上記記載の土壌侵食防止剤を、バーク堆肥１ｍ３当たり０．５～１０ｋｇの割合で添加した植生基盤材が提供される。 According to another aspect of the present invention, a revegetation method using the soil erosion inhibitor described above and a vegetation base material added with the soil erosion inhibitor described above at a rate of 0.5 to 10 kg per 1 m 3 of bark compost. Is provided.
以下、本発明の実施形態について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
　本発明の土壌侵食防止剤は、嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下である再乳化性の合成樹脂粉末を含有する。この土壌侵食防止剤は、保管時の耐吸湿性に優れている。この土壌侵食防止剤は、上記合成樹脂粉末からなるものであることが好ましいが、上記合成樹脂粉末以外の物質を含有してもよい。 The soil erosion inhibitor of the present invention contains a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less. This soil erosion inhibitor is excellent in moisture absorption resistance during storage. The soil erosion inhibitor is preferably composed of the synthetic resin powder, but may contain substances other than the synthetic resin powder.
　「再乳化性の合成樹脂粉末」とは、水に分散させると乳化状態となる粉末である。このような合成樹脂粉末は、例えば水性樹脂エマルジョンを噴霧乾燥などの方法によって粉末状にすることによって製造することができる（「エマルジョン粉末」として市販されている。）。合成樹脂粉末が再乳化性であることによって、合成樹脂粉末を吹付資材に添加したときに、吹付資材中の水分によって合成樹脂粉末が再乳化して結着力が発揮される。 "Re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder" is a powder that becomes emulsified when dispersed in water. Such a synthetic resin powder can be produced, for example, by powdering an aqueous resin emulsion by a method such as spray drying (commercially available as “emulsion powder”). When the synthetic resin powder is re-emulsifiable, when the synthetic resin powder is added to the spray material, the synthetic resin powder is re-emulsified by the moisture in the spray material and the binding force is exhibited.
　合成樹脂粉末の製造に利用可能な水性樹脂エマルジョンの種類は、特に限定されず、酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョン、酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン、アクリル酸エステル樹脂エマルジョン、スチレンアクリル酸エステル共重合体エマルジョン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン、スチレン－ブタジエン共重合体エマルジョン、ビニリデン樹脂エマルジョン、ポリブテン樹脂エマルジョン、アクリルニトリル－ブタジエン樹脂エマルジョン、メタアクリレート－ブタジエン樹脂エマルジョン、アスファルトエマルジョン、エポキシ樹脂エマルジョン、ウレタン樹脂エマルジョン、シリコン樹脂エマルジョンなどが例示され、このうち、酢酸ビニルに由来する構造単位を含む樹脂のエマルジョン（酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョン、酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン等）が好ましく、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョンがさらに好ましい。合成樹脂粉末の合成樹脂は、上記列挙したエマルジョン中の樹脂が好ましく、酢酸ビニルに由来する構造単位を含む合成樹脂がさらに好ましく、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体がさらに好ましい。 The type of aqueous resin emulsion that can be used for the production of synthetic resin powder is not particularly limited, and vinyl acetate resin emulsion, vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion, acrylate resin emulsion, styrene acrylate copolymer emulsion, ethylene acetate Vinyl copolymer emulsion, styrene-butadiene copolymer emulsion, vinylidene resin emulsion, polybutene resin emulsion, acrylonitrile-butadiene resin emulsion, methacrylate-butadiene resin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, epoxy resin emulsion, urethane resin emulsion, silicone resin emulsion Among them, emulsions of resins containing structural units derived from vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate resin emulsion, acetic acid Cycloalkenyl copolymer emulsion, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion, etc.), more preferably ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion. The synthetic resin of the synthetic resin powder is preferably a resin in the emulsion listed above, more preferably a synthetic resin containing a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate, and more preferably an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
　水性樹脂エマルジョンの製造方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、水を主成分とする分散媒中に乳化剤とモノマーを添加し、撹拌させながらモノマーを乳化重合させることによって製造することができる。 The method for producing the aqueous resin emulsion is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced by adding an emulsifier and a monomer to a dispersion medium containing water as a main component and emulsion polymerizing the monomer while stirring.
　合成樹脂粉末の嵩密度は、０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下である。嵩密度がこれよりも大きいと耐吸湿性が低下するからである。嵩密度の下限は、特に規定されないが、例えば、０．３、０．３５、又は０．４ｇ／ｍＬである。嵩密度は、合成樹脂粉末の粒径が小さくなるに従って小さくなる傾向があり、嵩密度が小さすぎると、合成樹脂粉末の粒径も小さくなり、粉末が舞いやすくなってハンドリングが困難になって好ましくない。合成樹脂粉末の嵩密度は、水性樹脂エマルジョンを噴霧乾燥させて合成樹脂粉末を製造する際の、乾燥条件や乾燥後の後処理（粉砕、分級など）条件によって調整可能である。嵩密度は、好ましくは、粉末状態で測定する。 The bulk density of the synthetic resin powder is 0.50 g / mL or less. This is because if the bulk density is higher than this, the moisture absorption resistance is lowered. Although the minimum of a bulk density is not prescribed | regulated in particular, For example, it is 0.3, 0.35, or 0.4 g / mL. The bulk density tends to decrease as the particle size of the synthetic resin powder becomes smaller. If the bulk density is too small, the particle size of the synthetic resin powder also becomes smaller, the powder tends to flutter, and handling becomes difficult. Absent. The bulk density of the synthetic resin powder can be adjusted according to the drying conditions and post-drying post-treatment (pulverization, classification, etc.) conditions when producing the synthetic resin powder by spray drying the aqueous resin emulsion. The bulk density is preferably measured in a powder state.
　合成樹脂粉末の合成樹脂のガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）は、例えば２０℃以下であり、５℃以下が好ましい。Ｔｇが大きすぎると、低温環境下で使用した場合の土壌侵食防止性が低下するからである。また、Ｔｇの下限は、特に規定されないが、例えば、－２５又は－２０℃である。Ｔｇが低すぎると硬化時の皮膜が柔らかくなり、強度が低下するので好ましくない。Ｔｇは、合成樹脂の組成を変えることによって調整可能である。例えば合成樹脂がエチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である場合、Ｔｇは、酢酸ビニル含量が大きくなるに従って大きくなる傾向があり、例えば酢酸ビニル含量を８７ｗｔ％以下にすることによって、Ｔｇを５℃以下にすることができる。 The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the synthetic resin of the synthetic resin powder is, for example, 20 ° C. or less, and preferably 5 ° C. or less. This is because if the Tg is too large, the soil erosion preventive property when used in a low temperature environment decreases. The lower limit of Tg is not particularly limited, but is, for example, −25 or −20 ° C. If the Tg is too low, the film at the time of curing becomes soft and the strength decreases, which is not preferable. Tg can be adjusted by changing the composition of the synthetic resin. For example, when the synthetic resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, Tg tends to increase as the vinyl acetate content increases. For example, by setting the vinyl acetate content to 87 wt% or less, the Tg is set to 5 ° C. or less. be able to.
　次に、本発明の土壌侵食防止剤の使用方法について説明する。この土壌侵食防止剤は、土壌を主体とし、種子、肥料などを混合した吹付資材に添加して植生基盤材を作製するために利用可能である。そして、植生基盤材を保護すべき面に対して吹き付けることによって、その面を緑化させることができる。このように、本発明の土壌侵食防止剤は、保護すべき面の緑化工法に利用可能である。植生基盤材を対象面に吹き付ける工法に特に制限はなく、例えば、種子散布工、客土吹付工、基材吹付工などを挙げることができ、あるいは、対象面が広大な場合には、ヘリコプターなどの航空機から実播して吹き付けることもできる。 Next, a method for using the soil erosion inhibitor of the present invention will be described. This soil erosion inhibitor can be used to make a vegetation base material by adding it to spraying materials mainly composed of soil and mixed with seeds, fertilizers and the like. And the surface can be greened by spraying the vegetation base material on the surface to be protected. Thus, the soil erosion inhibitor of the present invention can be used for the greening method of the surface to be protected. There are no particular restrictions on the method of spraying the vegetation base material onto the target surface, and examples include seed spraying, soil spraying, and base material spraying, or helicopters when the target surface is very large It can also be seeded and sprayed from other aircraft.
　使用する吹付資材に特に制限はなく、例えば、バーク堆肥、ピートモスなどの有機質資材又は砂質土に、種子、肥料などを混合したものを用いることができる。 There are no particular restrictions on the spraying material used, and for example, organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss or sandy soil mixed with seeds, fertilizers, etc. can be used.
　土壌侵食防止剤の添加量は、特に限定されないが、吹付資材１ｍ３に対して０．５～１０ｋｇ（好ましくは１～４ｋｇ）になるように添加することが好ましい。 The amount of the soil erosion inhibitor to be added is not particularly limited, but it is preferably added to 0.5 to 10 kg (preferably 1 to 4 kg) with respect to 1 m 3 of the spray material.
　以下、本発明の実施例・比較例を説明する。以下の説明中で特に断りがない限り、「部」、「％」は、それぞれ、「質量部」、「質量％」を意味する。 Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be described. Unless otherwise specified in the following description, “part” and “%” mean “part by mass” and “% by mass”, respectively.
　以下の表１に示す実施例・比較例では、嵩密度、ガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）及び酢酸ビニル含量（ＶＡ含量）が互いに異なる種々の市販の再乳化性ＥＶＡ粉末を使用した。嵩密度、Ｔｇ及びＶＡ含量の測定方法、及び耐吸湿性及び侵食防止性の評価方法は、以下の通りである。 In Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 1 below, various commercially available re-emulsifiable EVA powders having different bulk density, glass transition temperature (Tg) and vinyl acetate content (VA content) were used. The methods for measuring the bulk density, Tg, and VA content, and the methods for evaluating moisture absorption resistance and erosion resistance are as follows.
＜嵩密度＞
ＪＩＳ　Ｋ　６７２１：１９７７に準じ、以下に示す方法で嵩密度を測定した。嵩密度測定装置は、筒井理化学器械株式会社製ＪＩＳカサ比重測定器ＪＩＳ－Ｋ－６７２１を用いた。まず固形分率９８．０質量％以上のサンプルを静電気が生じぬように金属性ボウルに１２０ｍＬ秤量し、薬さじで１０回かきまぜてサンプル全体を攪拌した。ダンパーを差し込んだロートにサンプルを入れた後、速やかにダンパーを引き抜き、静かに一定速度で受器に落とす。受器から盛り上がったサンプルを受器上面に沿って静かにすり落とした後、受器の重さを０．１ｇまで測定する。サンプルの重量と容量（１００ｍＬ）から計算し嵩密度（ｇ／ｍＬ）を小数第三位まで求めた。これをＮ＝３で繰り返し測定し平均値を求め、四捨五入して小数第二位までの値として求めた。 <Bulk density>
The bulk density was measured by the method shown below according to JIS K 6721: 1977. As the bulk density measuring apparatus, JIS Kasa specific gravity measuring instrument JIS-K-6721 manufactured by Tsutsui Rika Instruments Co., Ltd. was used. First, 120 mL of a sample having a solid content of 98.0% by mass or more was weighed in a metal bowl so as not to generate static electricity, and stirred 10 times with a spoon to stir the entire sample. After putting the sample into the funnel with the damper inserted, pull out the damper immediately and gently drop it into the receiver at a constant speed. The sample raised from the receiver is gently scraped along the upper surface of the receiver, and the weight of the receiver is measured to 0.1 g. The bulk density (g / mL) was calculated from the sample weight and volume (100 mL) to the third decimal place. This was repeatedly measured at N = 3 to obtain an average value, and rounded off to obtain the value to the second decimal place.
<ガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）>
　以下に示す方法でガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）を測定した。
　まず、粉末サンプルを純水に再乳化させ４０ｗ％の再乳化エマルジョンとした。次に、再乳化エマルジョンを型枠に流し込み、２３℃で５日間乾燥させ、厚さ０．３～０．５ｍｍのフィルムを作製した。作製したフィルムを試料とし、ＪＩＳ　Ｋ　７１２１に従ってＤＳＣ（セイコー電子工業ＥＸＳＴＡＲ６０００　ＤＳＣ－６２００）で測定した。ＤＳＣ曲線におけるベースラインの接線とガラス転移による吸熱領域の急峻な下降位置の接線との交点をＴｇとした。 <Glass transition temperature (Tg)>
The glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured by the method shown below.
First, the powder sample was re-emulsified in pure water to give a 40 w% re-emulsified emulsion. Next, the re-emulsified emulsion was poured into a mold and dried at 23 ° C. for 5 days to produce a film having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The produced film was used as a sample and measured by DSC (Seiko Denshi Kogyo EXSTAR6000 DSC-6200) according to JIS K7121. The intersection of the tangent line of the base line in the DSC curve and the tangent line of the steeply descending position of the endothermic region due to glass transition was defined as Tg.
＜酢酸ビニル含量（ＶＡ含量）＞
　以下に示す方法で酢酸ビニル含量（ＶＡ含量）を測定した。
　まず、サンプルを重クロロホルムに加え、超音波処理した可溶分について２５℃で１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ測定を行った。下記の式１から組成比を求めＶＡ含量を算出した。式１中の「８６」及び「２８」は、それぞれ、酢酸ビニルモノマー単位及びエチレンモノマー単位の分子量を示す。式１中の「４」は、エチレンモノマー単位中の等価なプロトンの数を表し、ピーク面積をプロトンの数で割ることによって、プロトン１つ当たりのピーク面積を算出している。
（式１）
ＶＡ（酢酸ビニルモノマー単位）：Ｅｔ（エチレンモノマー単位）（質量比）＝ＳＶＡ×８６：（Ｓ１－ＳＶＡ－Ｓ２）÷４×２８
ＳＶＡ：４．６０～５．２５ｐｐｍピーク面積（酢酸ビニルモノマー単位（－ＣＨ（ＯＣＯＣＨ３）－ＣＨ２－）のうち下線を引いたプロトンに由来するピーク）
Ｓ１：１．０２～３．００ｐｐｍピーク面積（エチレンモノマー単位（－ＣＨ２－ＣＨ２－）のうち下線を引いたプロトン由来のピーク＋酢酸ビニルモノマー単位の上記プロトン由来のピーク＋水のプロトンに由来するピーク）
Ｓ２：１．６ｐｐｍ付近のピーク面積（水のプロトンに由来するピーク） <Vinyl acetate content (VA content)>
The vinyl acetate content (VA content) was measured by the method shown below.
First, a sample was added to deuterated chloroform, and 1H-NMR measurement was carried out at 25 ° C. on the soluble component subjected to ultrasonic treatment. The composition ratio was calculated from the following formula 1, and the VA content was calculated. “86” and “28” in Formula 1 indicate the molecular weights of the vinyl acetate monomer unit and the ethylene monomer unit, respectively. “4” in Formula 1 represents the number of equivalent protons in the ethylene monomer unit, and the peak area per proton is calculated by dividing the peak area by the number of protons.
(Formula 1)
VA (vinyl acetate monomer unit): Et (ethylene monomer unit) (mass ratio) = S VA × 86: (S 1 −S VA −S 2 ) ÷ 4 × 28
S VA: 4.60 (peak derived from proton underlined of vinyl acetate monomer units (-C H (OCOCH3) -CH2-) ) ~ 5.25ppm peak area
S 1 : 1.02 to 3.00 ppm peak area (peaks derived from protons underlined in ethylene monomer units (—C H2 —C H2 —) + peaks derived from the above protons of vinyl acetate monomer units + water protons) Peak derived from
S 2 : Peak area around 1.6 ppm (peak derived from water protons)
＜耐吸湿性評価＞
　サンプル７．３ｇをアルミカップ（底φ４．５ｃｍ、深さ２．７ｃｍ（型番：丸８Ａ））に入れ平らに均した。次に、環境試験機中（６０℃、９５％Ｈ、８ｄの条件）で静置した。次に、環境試験機から取り出し、サンプルの状態を観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
◎：粉末同士が結合しておらず、軽く力を加えると環境試験機に入れる前と同等の状態に戻る
○：粉末同士が結合しておらず、軽く力を加えると環境試験機に入れる前と同等の状態に戻るが、小さな塊が少量できる。
×：粉末同士が結合しており、力を加えても粉末状態に戻らない <Hygroscopic evaluation>
7.3 g of the sample was placed in an aluminum cup (bottom φ4.5 cm, depth 2.7 cm (model number: round 8A)) and leveled flat. Next, it was left still in an environmental test machine (conditions of 60 ° C., 95% H, 8d). Next, the sample was taken out from the environmental testing machine, the state of the sample was observed, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
◎: Powders are not bonded and return to the same state as before putting in environmental tester when light force is applied ○: Powders are not bonded and before applying to environmental tester when lightly applied It returns to the equivalent state, but small lumps can be made.
X: The powders are bonded to each other and do not return to the powder state even when force is applied.
＜土壌浸食防止評価＞
　以下の方法により、作製したサンプルを配合した厚層基材吹付工の植生基盤を作製し、降水試験により流出してくる土壌の量を測定した。
（１）混合：容器にバーク堆肥（富士見環境緑化社製フジミソイル５号）を７Ｌ、高度化成肥料（日東エフシー社製、１５－１５－１５）を２１ｇ、種子（カネコ種苗社製イタリアンライグラス）を３．５ｇ、各種サンプル（侵食防止剤）を３．５ｇ加え混練し、植生基盤材とした。
（２）施工：植生基盤材を木枠に充填し平らに均したのちに上から体積半分まで圧縮した。
（３）養生：木枠を外し、２３℃室内または５℃環境試験機内で１晩養生した。
（４）降水：養生した植生基盤に対し、ジョウロで降水した。植生基盤に９°の傾斜を与え、降水は５０ｃｍの高さから１時間に２００ｍｍの強さで３０分間実施し、流出した土壌の乾燥重量を測定し、以下の基準で評価した。なお土壌乾燥条件は１晩風乾後に１０５℃で３時間とした。
◎：対照（ＥＶＡ粉末を加えていない植生基盤材）と比べ、土壌の流出量が３０％以下
○：対照と比べ、土壌の流出量が３１～６０％
×：対照と比べ、土壌の流出量が６１％以上 <Soil erosion prevention evaluation>
By the following method, a vegetation base of a thick-layer base material sprayer blended with the prepared sample was prepared, and the amount of soil flowing out by a precipitation test was measured.
(1) Mixing: 7L of bark compost (Fujimi Environmental Greening Co., Ltd., Fujimisooil No. 5), 21g of advanced chemical fertilizer (Nitto FSC Co., Ltd., 15-15-15), and seeds (Italian ryegrass manufactured by Kaneko Seedling Co., Ltd.) 3.5 g and 3.5 g of various samples (erosion inhibitor) were added and kneaded to obtain a vegetation base material.
(2) Construction: After filling the vegetation base material into a wooden frame and leveling it flat, it was compressed from above to half the volume.
(3) Curing: The wooden frame was removed and cured overnight in a 23 ° C. room or a 5 ° C. environmental test machine.
(4) Precipitation: Precipitation occurred on the vegetation base. The vegetation base was inclined at 9 °, and precipitation was carried out at a strength of 200 mm per hour from a height of 50 cm for 30 minutes. The dry weight of the soil that flowed out was measured and evaluated according to the following criteria. The soil was dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours after air drying overnight.
A: Soil outflow is 30% or less compared to the control (vegetation base material without adding EVA powder) B: Soil outflow is 31-60% compared to the control
×: Soil outflow is 61% or more compared to the control
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
＜考察＞
　表１に示すように、嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下である全ての実施例では、耐吸湿性が優れていた。一方、嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬを超える全ての比較例では、耐吸湿性が悪かった。また、実施例１～９のうちＴｇが５℃以下である実施例１～５では、５℃で養生した場合の侵食防止性が高かった。 <Discussion>
As shown in Table 1, in all Examples having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less, the moisture absorption resistance was excellent. On the other hand, in all the comparative examples in which the bulk density exceeds 0.50 g / mL, the moisture absorption resistance was poor. Further, in Examples 1 to 5 in which Tg was 5 ° C. or less among Examples 1 to 9, the erosion preventing property when cured at 5 ° C. was high.

Claims (6)

  1. 嵩密度が０．５０ｇ／ｍＬ以下である再乳化性の合成樹脂粉末を含有する土壌侵食防止剤。 A soil erosion inhibitor containing a re-emulsifiable synthetic resin powder having a bulk density of 0.50 g / mL or less.
  2. 前記合成樹脂のガラス転移温度が５℃以下である請求項１に記載の土壌侵食防止剤。 The soil erosion inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin has a glass transition temperature of 5 ° C or lower.
  3. 前記合成樹脂が、酢酸ビニルに由来する構造単位を含む、請求項１又は請求項２に記載の土壌侵食防止剤。 The soil erosion inhibitor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the synthetic resin contains a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate.
  4. 前記合成樹脂が、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体である、請求項１～請求項３の何れか１つに記載の土壌侵食防止剤。 The soil erosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the synthetic resin is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  5. 請求項１～請求項４の何れか１つに記載の土壌侵食防止剤を使用した緑化工法。 A tree planting method using the soil erosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
  6. 請求項１～請求項４の何れか１つに記載の土壌侵食防止剤を、吹付資材１ｍ３当たり０．５～１０ｋｇの割合で添加した植生基盤材。 A vegetation base material to which the soil erosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is added at a rate of 0.5 to 10 kg per 1 m 3 of spray material.
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