WO2016047424A1 - 腎イメージング剤 - Google Patents
腎イメージング剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016047424A1 WO2016047424A1 PCT/JP2015/075295 JP2015075295W WO2016047424A1 WO 2016047424 A1 WO2016047424 A1 WO 2016047424A1 JP 2015075295 W JP2015075295 W JP 2015075295W WO 2016047424 A1 WO2016047424 A1 WO 2016047424A1
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- 0 C*(CC(C)(C)N)c1c[n](C(C*)CO)nn1 Chemical compound C*(CC(C)(C)N)c1c[n](C(C*)CO)nn1 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/041—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K51/044—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins
- A61K51/0453—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/91—Nitro radicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/0474—Organic compounds complexes or complex-forming compounds, i.e. wherein a radioactive metal (e.g. 111In3+) is complexed or chelated by, e.g. a N2S2, N3S, NS3, N4 chelating group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a renal imaging agent.
- Non-Patent Document 1 The number of patients with kidney disease in Japan is increasing year by year and has a significant impact on the health of the people. Among them, chronic kidney failure (CKD) may cause serious cardiovascular disease or require artificial dialysis when it worsens. For this reason, in recent years, various efforts have been made to prevent the aggravation of CKD (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- CKD chronic kidney failure
- CKD is (i) urinary abnormalities, diagnostic imaging, blood, pathology reveals the presence of kidney damage, especially 0.15 g / gCr or higher proteinuria (30 mg / gCr or higher albumin) (Ii) presence of urine; (ii) for symptoms of GFR (glomerular filtration rate) less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 , either (i), (ii), or both last for more than 3 months It has been shown that the severity of CKD is classified by GFR and ACR (albumin / creatinine ratio).
- Non-Patent Document 2 suggests that renal biopsy should be performed after determining the indication with reference to urinalysis findings to determine CKD diagnosis and treatment policy.
- Abdominal ultrasonography is used to diagnose the diseases indicated (urinary stones, obstructive urinary tract disorders, cystic kidney disease, etc.), and ultrasonic Doppler, MR angiography, It is stated that CT angiography is recommended to be selected according to renal function.
- CKD is characterized by progressive loss of renal function due to chronic tubulointerstitial injury, which includes tubule atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Such changes reduce oxygenation in the kidney, thereby initiating and promoting the fibrotic reaction one after another through various cytokine signaling pathways and cellular signals. Fibrosis and hypoxia are considered to be the main factors that lead to the progression of CKD, and if these factors can be accurately evaluated and evaluated non-invasively, it is considered useful for the treatment of CKD.
- BOLD blood oxygenation level-dependent
- Drug nephropathy is a renal disorder caused by drugs (antibacterial drugs, analgesics, anticancer drugs, contrast media) used for treatment or diagnosis. Many drug-induced nephropathy is reversible, but accurate early diagnosis is required to avoid irreversible renal dysfunction. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and general urinalysis are Listed as an essential periodic inspection.
- Nuclear medicine inspection is known as one of the methods for examining renal function.
- This nuclear medicine examination includes renography for examining renal dynamics and renal scintigraphy, and [ 131 I] orthoiodic hyperpuric acid ( 131 I-OIH), 99 m is used as a radiopharmaceutical used for examination of renal dynamics.
- Tc-MAG3 mercaptoacetyltriglycine
- 99m Tc-DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- 99m Tc-DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid
- renal biopsy is useful for determining CKD treatment policy and predicting long-term prognosis, but renal function and ischemia cannot be grasped by renal biopsy.
- Non-Patent Document 4 it is known that a hypoxic condition in the kidney worsens kidney damage, but an established technique that can detect a hypoxic condition in the kidney is not known.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a novel renal imaging agent capable of noninvasively depicting a lesion site based on the intrarenal environment.
- the present inventor has newly found that by using a specific nitroimidazole compound labeled with radioactive fluorine ( 18 F), a renal lesion can be depicted noninvasively using a nuclear medicine examination method.
- Nitroimidazole compounds accumulate specifically in the hypoxic region. Therefore, by detecting the extent of hypoxia in the kidney and evaluating the hypoxia quantitatively, the degree of renal fibrosis is evaluated, early detection of kidney disease, early treatment, prognosis prediction, treatment It is expected that the effect can be judged.
- a renal imaging agent containing a nitroimidazole compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a salt thereof.
- R 1 is hydrogen or a hydroxymethyl group.
- A is any one of the following groups (I) to (IV).
- R 2 is hydrogen or a hydroxy group
- R 3 is hydrogen or a hydroxymethyl group
- R 4 is a hydroxy group or a hydroxymethyl group
- k is 0 or 1.
- M is 0 or 1
- n is 0, 1 or 2
- X is radioactive fluorine.
- n is 0, 1 or 2
- p is 1 or 2
- q is 0, 1 or 2
- X is radioactive fluorine.
- n 0, 1 or 2
- X is radioactive fluorine
- n 0, 1 or 2
- X is radioactive fluorine
- a renal imaging agent capable of non-invasively depicting a lesion site based on the intrarenal environment.
- 18 is a PET imaging image (MIP image) of 18 F-HIC101.
- A is an image of a CKD model
- (b) is an image of a healthy model. It is a figure which shows the result of the biodistribution for 100 minutes after 18 F-HIC101 administration. It is a figure which shows the comparison of the expression level of HIF-1 (alpha) in a renal tissue, and the localization of 18 F-HIC101.
- It is a PET imaging image (MIP image) of 18 F-FMISO.
- A) is an image of a CKD model
- (b) is an image of a healthy model.
- radioactive fluorine is a radioactive isotope of fluorine and refers to fluorine-18 ( 18 F).
- the “salt” may be any one that is pharmaceutically acceptable.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, or acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycol Acid, salicylic acid, pyranosidic acid (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc.), ⁇ -hydroxy acid (citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.), amino acid (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, etc.), aromatic acid (benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, etc.), sulfone Salts derived from organic acids such as acids (p-toluenesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, etc.) can be used.
- the “nitroimidazole compound” refers to the above general formula (1), for example, 2- [ 18 F] fluoromethyl-2-((2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl] -1,3-propanediol
- 18 F-HIC101 a group in which A is represented by (I) A compound in which R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R 3 and R 4 are hydroxymethyl groups, k is 0, m is 0, and n is 1); 2- [ 18 F] fluoromethyl-2-((4-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) -1,3-propanediol (group in which A is represented by (I) R 1 , R 3 , R 4 are hydroxymethyl groups, R 2 is hydrogen, k is 0, m is 0, and n is 1); 2- [ 18 F] fluoromethyl-2- (2- (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethyl) -1,
- nitroimidazole compounds having lower lipophilicity than 18 F-FMISO are preferred.
- the octanol / water partition coefficient (log P) at 25 ° C. is 18 F-FMISO.
- Those having a lower than log P of are preferred.
- a nitroimidazole compound having a log P of ⁇ 0.4 or less is more preferable, and a range of ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 0.6 is more preferable.
- R 1 is preferably hydrogen in the general formula (1).
- R 2 is preferably hydrogen in (I) from the viewpoint of enhancing accumulation in renal lesions.
- R 4 is preferably a hydroxymethyl group.
- M is preferably 0.
- N is preferably 1. More preferably, R 3 is a hydroxymethyl group and k is 0.
- a nitroimidazole compound is disclosed in WO2013 / 042668; “Manufacture and quality control of a radiopharmaceutical for PET—synthesis and clinical use” (PET Chemistry Workshop) —4th edition (revised 2011) ); Nucl. Med, 2001, 42, pp. Anals of Nucleic Medicine, 2007, 21, pp. 1397-1404; 101-107, and can be synthesized based on other known information.
- n is preferably 1 from the viewpoint of enhancing accumulation in a renal lesion.
- p is 2
- q is preferably 0, and when p is 1, q is preferably 2.
- nitroimidazole compounds are disclosed in, for example, British Journal of Cancer, 2004, 90, pp. 2232-2242; Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2001, 54, pp. 73-80, or other known information.
- n is preferably 1 from the viewpoint of enhancing accumulation in a renal lesion.
- nitroimidazole compounds can be synthesized based on WO 2008/124651 and other known information.
- n is preferably 0 from the viewpoint of enhancing accumulation in a renal lesion.
- nitroimidazole compounds are disclosed in “Manufacturing and Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals for PET: Synthesis and Clinical Use” (PET Chemistry Workshop)-4th edition (2011 revised edition) and others It is possible to synthesize based on the information.
- the renal imaging agent according to the present invention can be defined as a formulation containing a nitroimidazole compound represented by the above general formula (1) or a salt thereof in a form suitable for administration into a living body.
- the renal imaging agent according to the present invention is preferably in a form administered parenterally, that is, by injection, and more preferably an aqueous solution.
- Such compositions may optionally contain additional components such as pH adjusters, pharmaceutically acceptable solubilizers, stabilizers or antioxidants.
- the nitroimidazole compound represented by the above general formula (1) accumulates in the hypoxic kidney tissue. Therefore, radiation can be detected non-invasively from outside the organism using positron emission tomography (PET), and the extent and extent of renal lesions can be imaged. Therefore, according to the renal imaging agent of the present invention, for various kidney diseases, renal function information that could not be obtained by conventional examination methods is provided, and early detection, early treatment, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic effects of kidney disease Judgment becomes feasible.
- the renal imaging agent of the present invention can provide information on renal function and ischemia, it can be used in a complementary manner with renal biopsy to more accurately determine the pathological condition of CKD and predict the prognosis. .
- renal function disorder when pharmacotherapy such as an anticancer agent is used, renal function disorder can be discovered earlier than changes in blood and urine by monitoring renal function using the renal imaging agent according to the present invention. Therefore, irreversible drug-induced renal injury can be avoided by stopping or changing the administration of the drug.
- 18 F-HIC101 2- [ 18 F] fluoromethyl-2-((2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) -1,3-propanediol (Compound 1 of Examples in WO2013 / 042668)
- 18 F-FMISO 1- [18 F] fluoro-3- (2-nitro -1H- imidazol-1-yl) -2-propanol (18 F- fluoro miso NIDA tetrazole)
- Example 1 Production of CKD model animal [1] Lewis rat (male, 8 weeks old, source: Nippon SLC Co., Ltd.) was administered to the tail vein of adriamycin (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 7.5 mg / kg) and 2 cases died In 11 cases excluding urine, urinary protein was measured on the 13th day after administration according to the Bradford method. Among these, 4 cases with high urinary protein values were selected as CKD model animals and used in Examples described later on the 14th day after administration of adriamycin. The state of four examples is shown in Table 1. As a healthy model, four cases prepared by administering an equal amount of physiological saline instead of adriamycin were used.
- the amount of FABP-4 in each model urine was measured using an ELISA kit (manufactured by R & D Systems) that quantifies L-FABP present in mouse and rat samples by the sandwich method.
- urinary creatinine was measured using a kit (Cayman Chemical Co.) using a Jaffe reaction.
- Table 1 shows the average value ⁇ standard deviation of each of the four cases.
- Table 1 shows the average value ⁇ standard deviation of each of the four cases.
- Example 2 PET imaging [1] 18 F-HIC101 (radiochemical purity 84.2%) was produced in Example 1 by 4 CKD models, 18.6 ⁇ 0.9 MBq / animal, 4 healthy models, 17.0 ⁇ 2.7 MBq. / Static imaging was carried out using an animal PET apparatus (eXplore Vista, manufactured by GE) from 80 minutes after administration. Collection conditions were 10 minutes with an energy window of 250-700 keV. The collected data was reconstructed and imaged by the 3D-OSEM method. From the images, the average of the maximum SUV (standardized uptake value) value of the kidney in each slice (the region of interest (ROI) was set excluding the renal pelvis) and the average value of the SUV of the normal tissue were measured. Based on these values, the normal tissue ratio and normal kidney ratio were used for evaluation. In addition, student's t-test was used for the statistical analysis of the measurement result. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is an MIP image obtained by performing image processing by the maximum value projection method.
- FIG. 1A is a CKD model
- FIG. 1B is a healthy model.
- the black arrow indicates the intestine
- the white arrow indicates the renal pelvis.
- the maximum SUV value of kidney tissue (excluding renal pelvis) in the CKD model is significantly higher than that in the healthy model (p ⁇ 0.001 for both left and right), and may be significantly higher in the normal tissue ratio. Recognized (both left and right p ⁇ 0.001).
- the maximum SUV value of kidney tissue is 10.
- Example 3 Biodistribution experiment [1] After the PET imaging of Example 2 was completed, the sample was placed under anesthesia until 100 minutes after administration, and exsanguinated. Next, the right and left kidneys, blood, brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, adrenal gland, muscle, bone, fat around the kidneys, urine, and whole body were collected, and the weight and radioactivity were measured. . The student's t-test was used for statistical analysis of the results. The results are shown in FIG.
- the left bar is a healthy model group
- the right bar is a CKD model group.
- the CKD model group had significantly higher accumulation in the left and right kidneys.
- accumulation was significantly higher in the CKD model group.
- Example 4 Localization Evaluation of Intrarenal Accumulation
- the renal tissue obtained in Example 3 was divided into two equal parts after measuring the radioactivity, and one of the O.D. C. T. T. et al.
- the sample was embedded in a compound (Sakura Finetech) and a fresh frozen section (thickness 10 ⁇ m) was prepared using a cryostat (format: CM3050, manufactured by Leica), and autoradiography was performed using this. .
- the kidney tissue sections were exposed with an imaging plate for 8 to 10 hours, and then imaged using a bioimaging analyzer (type: BAS-2500, manufactured by Fuji Film). Thereafter, immunohistochemistry (LSAB method) was performed using the same section after radioactive decay.
- LSAB method immunohistochemistry
- anti-rat HIF-1 ⁇ mouse monoclonal antibody (source: manufactured by GeneTex, 100-fold diluted) was used as the primary antibody, and anti-mouse IgG antibody (source: DAKO) was used as the secondary antibody.
- DAB 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- HRP-labeled streptavidin manufactured by DAKO
- FIG. 3 Expression of HIF-1 ⁇ in renal tissue was confirmed in 2 CKD models (SUV maximum (left) 4.30, (right) 5.12) and 1 healthy model (SUV maximum 1.06). As a result, it was confirmed that HIF-1 ⁇ was highly expressed in the renal cortex of the CKD model. As a result of comparison with the localization of 18 F-HIC101 by autoradiography, the site indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 3 coincided with the HIF-1 ⁇ expression site. In FIG. 3, ARG is an abbreviation for autoradiography. In addition, a place where accumulation is found in an untreated autoradiographic image is a renal pelvis.
- PET imaging 18 F-FMISO (radiochemical purity of 96% or more) was produced in Example 1 by 4 CKD models, 18.7 ⁇ 1.1 MBq / animal, 4 healthy models, 19.5 ⁇ 0.69 MBq / animal. The animals were administered, and static imaging was carried out 80 minutes after administration using an animal PET apparatus (eXplore Vista, manufactured by GE). In addition, after PET imaging for each case, it was placed under anesthesia again, and imaging was performed 180 minutes after administration. The collection conditions were an energy window of 250-700 keV for 10 minutes, and the collected data were reconstructed and imaged by the 3D-OSEM method.
- FIG. 4 is an MIP image that has been subjected to image processing by the maximum value projection method that is imaged 180 minutes after administration.
- FIG. 4A is a CKD model
- FIG. 4B is a healthy model.
- what is indicated by a white arrow is a renal pelvis.
- Example 6 Biodistribution experiment [2] In Example 5, each group of 3 cases where PET imaging was completed 80 minutes after administration, and each group where PET imaging was not performed were placed under anesthesia until 100 minutes after administration and were exsanguinated. Next, the right and left kidneys, blood, brain, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, adrenal gland, muscle, bone, fat around the kidneys, urine, and whole body were collected, and the weight and radioactivity were measured. . The student's t-test was used for statistical analysis of the results. The results are shown in Table 5.
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Abstract
Description
非特許文献2に記載されるように、CKDの場合、ステージG3区分以降(遅くてもステージG4)に専門医を紹介することにより、腎機能低下速度が緩やかになり、透析導入すべき時期が遅延できたという後ろ向き研究の報告がある。この理由の一つとして、専門医による薬剤調整が考えられるが、確固たるエビデンスは得られていない。
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル]-1,3-プロパンジオール(18F-HIC101:Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R2が水素であり、R3、R4がヒドロキシメチル基であり、kが0であり、mが0であり、nが1である化合物);
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-((4-ヒドロキシメチル-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル)-1,3-プロパンジオール(Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R3、R4がヒドロキシメチル基であり、R2が水素であり、kが0であり、mが0であり、nが1である化合物);
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-(2-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)エチル)-1,3-プロパンジオール(Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R2が水素であり、R3、R4がヒドロキシメチル基であり、kが0であり、mが0であり、nが2である化合物);
1-[18F]フルオロ-3-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2-プロパノール(18F-FMISO:Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R2、R3が水素であり、R4がヒドロキシ基であり、kが0であり、mが0であり、nが1である化合物);
1-[18F]フルオロ-4-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2,3-ブタンジオール(18F-FETNIM:Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R3が水素であり、R2、R4がヒドロキシ基であり、kが0であり、m、nが1である化合物);
3-[18F]フルオロ-2-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メトキシ)-1-プロパノール(18F-FRP-170:Aが(I)で表される基であり、R1、R2、R3が水素であり、R4がヒドロキシメチル基であり、kが1であり、mが0であり、nが1である化合物);
N-(2-[18F]フルオロエチル)-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-アセタミド(18F-FETA:Aが(II)で表される基であり、R1が水素であり、nが1であり、pが2であり、qが0である化合物);
2-ニトロ-N-(2,2,3,3,3-[18F]ペンタフルオロプロピル)-1H-イミダゾール-1-アセタミド(18F-EF5:Aが(II)で表される基であり、R1が水素であり、nが1であり、pが1であり、qが2である化合物);
(3-[18F]フルオロ-2-(4-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル)-1H-1,2,3-トリアゾール-1-イル)-1-プロパノール(18F-HX4:Aが(III)で表される基であり、R1が水素であり、nが1である化合物);又は、
1-(5-デオキシ-5-[18F]フルオロ-α-D-アラビノフラノシル)-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール(18F-FAZA:Aが(IV)で表される基であり、R1が水素であり、nが0である化合物)
が挙げられる。
なお、(I)~(IV)中、*(アスタリスク)は結合部位を示す。
18F-FMISO:1-[18F]フルオロ-3-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2-プロパノール(18F-フルオロミソニダゾール)
Lewis rat(雄性、8週齢、入手先:日本エスエルシー株式会社)13例に対してアドリアマイシン(和光純薬工業(株)製)7.5mg/kg)を尾静脈投与し、死亡した2例を除く11例について、投与後13日に、ブラッドフォード法に従って尿タンパクを測定した。このうち、尿タンパクの値の高いもの4例をCKDモデル動物として選出し、アドリアマイシン投与後14日に後述する実施例で使用した。4例の状態を表1に示す。
健常モデルとしては、アドリアマイシンに変えて、等量の生理食塩液を投与して作製した4例を用いた。
なお、マウスやラット試料中に存在するL-FABPをサンドイッチ法により定量するELISAキット(R&D Systems社製)を用いて、各モデルの尿中のFABP-4の量を測定した。また、生体活動による尿中成分の濃縮及び希釈の影響を補正するため、ヤッフェ反応を利用したキット(Cayman Chemical社製)を用いて尿中クレアチニンの測定を実施した。
18F-HIC101(放射化学的純度84.2%)を実施例1で作製したCKDモデル4匹に、18.6±0.9MBq/匹、健常モデル4匹に、17.0±2.7MBq/匹投与し、投与80分後より、動物用PET装置(eXplore Vista、GE社製)を用い、static撮像を実施した。収集条件は、250-700keVのエネルギーウィンドウで10分間とした。収集データは、3D-OSEM法により再構成して画像化した。画像より各スライスにおける腎臓のSUV(standardized uptake value)最高値の平均(腎盂を除いて関心領域(ROI)を設定)、正常組織のSUV平均値を測定した。これらの値より、評価は正常組織比、正常腎比を用いた。なお、測定結果の統計解析はstudent's t-testを使用した。結果を図1、表2に示す。
実施例2のPET撮像終了後、投与100分後まで麻酔下に置き、放血死させた。次いで、左右腎臓、血液、脳、肺、心臓、肝臓、脾臓、胃、小腸、大腸、副腎、筋肉、骨、腎臓の周りの脂肪、尿、残全身を採取し、重量及び放射能量を測定した。なお、結果の統計解析はstudent's t-testを使用した。結果を図2、表3に示す。
実施例3で得られた腎組織を放射能量測定後に二等分し、片方をO.C.T.コンパウンド(サクラファインテック社製)に包埋し、クリオスタット(形式:CM3050、Leica社製)を用いて、新鮮凍結切片(厚さ10μm)を作製し、これを用いてオートラジオグラフィーを実施した。当該腎組織切片をイメージングプレートで8~10時間露光させた後、バイオイメージングアナライザー(形式:BAS-2500、富士フィルム社製)を用いて画像化した。
その後、放射能減衰後の同切片を用いて免疫組織化学(LSAB法)を実施した。腎組織切片の固定と賦活化処理後、1次抗体に抗ラットHIF-1αマウスモノクローナル抗体(入手先:GeneTex社製)100倍希釈)を、2次抗体に抗マウスIgG抗体(入手先:DAKO社製)をそれぞれ使用して腎組織切片と反応させ、2次抗体に反応するHRP標識ストレプトアビジン(DAKO社製)を用い、HRP活性をDAB(3,3'-ジアミノベンジジン)を基質とした呈色反応で検出することで、腎組織切片のHIF-1αの発現部位を同定した。近接切片として連続で薄切した1枚をネガティブコントロールとして用い、1次抗体だけを反応させない手順で上記同様の実験を行い、1次抗体以外の成分による腎組織切片への非特異的な反応が認められないことを確認した。顕微鏡システム(形式:BZ-9000、キーエンス社製)を用い、免疫組織化学染色により得られた標本画像の全体画像を取得した。画像は、DAB陽性部位をImageJにより抜き出し、疑似カラー化する画像処理を行った。
18F-FMISO(放射化学的純度96%以上)を実施例1で作製したCKDモデル4匹に、18.7±1.1MBq/匹、健常モデル4匹に、19.5±0.69MBq/匹投与し、投与80分後より、動物用PET装置(eXplore Vista、GE社製)を用い、static撮像を実施した。また、各群1例ずつPET撮像後再度麻酔下に置き、投与180分後に撮像を実施した。収集条件は、250-700keVのエネルギーウィンドウで10分間とし、収集データは、3D-OSEM法により再構成して画像化した。画像より各スライスにおける腎臓のSUV最高値の平均(腎盂を除いて関心領域(ROI)を設定)、正常組織のSUV平均値を測定した。これらの値より、評価は正常組織比、正常腎比を用いた。なお、測定結果の統計解析はstudent's t-testを使用した。結果を図4、表4に示す。
投与180分後のPET画像を投与80分後のPET画像と比較すると、腎皮質部への集積が腎盂より高くなる傾向が認められた。CKDモデルと健常モデルでバックグランドに差がなく、また、投与80分後と同様であることが肉眼的に確認された。ROI解析の結果、投与80分後よりもSUV最大値が増加し、それに伴い腎正常組織比も増加する傾向が認められた。
図4は、投与180分後に撮像した最大値投影法で画像処理を行ったMIP画像である。図4(a)がCKDモデルであり、図4(b)が健常モデルである。図4中、白い矢印で示すものが腎盂である。
実施例5において投与80分後にPET撮像終了した各群3例、及び、PET撮像を実施していない各群1例につき、投与100分後まで麻酔下に置き、放血死させた。次いで、左右腎臓、血液、脳、肺、心臓、肝臓、脾臓、胃、小腸、大腸、副腎、筋肉、骨、腎臓の周りの脂肪、尿、残全身を採取し、重量及び放射能量を測定した。なお、結果の統計解析はstudent's t-testを使用した。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (4)
- 前記ニトロイミダゾール系化合物が、
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル)-1,3-プロパンジオール;
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-((4-ヒドロキシメチル-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル)-1,3-プロパンジオール;
2-[18F]フルオロメチル-2-(2-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)エチル)-1,3-プロパンジオール;
1-[18F]フルオロ-3-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2-プロパノール;
1-[18F]フルオロ-4-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2,3-ブタンジオール;
3-[18F]フルオロ-2-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メトキシ)-1-プロパノール;
N-(2-[18F]フルオロエチル)-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-アセタミド;
2-ニトロ-N-(2,2,3,3,3-[18F]ペンタフルオロプロピル)-1H-イミダゾール-1-アセタミド;
(3-[18F]フルオロ-2-(4-((2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)メチル)-1H-1,2,3-トリアゾール-1-イル)-1-プロパノール;又は、
1-(5-デオキシ-5-[18F]フルオロ-α-D-アラビノフラノシル)-2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール
である、請求項1に記載の腎イメージング剤。 - 前記ニトロイミダゾール系化合物は、25℃において、1-[18F]フルオロ-3-(2-ニトロ-1H-イミダゾール-1-イル)-2-プロパノールのlogPよりも低いlogPを有する化合物である、請求項1に記載の腎イメージング剤。
- 陽電子放出断層撮影に用いられる、請求項1乃至3いずれか一項に記載の腎イメージング剤。
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EP15843318.5A EP3199183A4 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | Renal imaging agent |
KR1020177003360A KR20170058360A (ko) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | 신장 이미징제 |
CN201580049336.XA CN106687145A (zh) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | 肾显像剂 |
JP2016550088A JP6321191B2 (ja) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | 腎イメージング剤 |
CA2959776A CA2959776A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | Renal imaging agent |
US15/508,325 US20170281803A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | Renal imaging agent |
AU2015322871A AU2015322871A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-07 | Renal imaging agent |
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JP2004501055A (ja) * | 1999-07-21 | 2004-01-15 | ザ・トラステイーズ・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシテイ・オブ・ペンシルベニア | 低酸素の検出のために有用な化合物の製造 |
JP2010523596A (ja) * | 2007-04-05 | 2010-07-15 | シーメンス メディカル ソリューションズ ユーエスエー インコーポレイテッド | ニトロ−イミダゾール低酸素造影剤 |
WO2013042668A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | 日本メジフィジックス株式会社 | 放射性フッ素標識化合物 |
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ES2237447T3 (es) * | 1999-09-13 | 2005-08-01 | Pola Chemical Industries, Inc. | Derivado de nitroimidazol y agente de diagnostico formador de imagenes que lo contiene. |
JP2014232738A (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2014-12-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電装置 |
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JP2004501055A (ja) * | 1999-07-21 | 2004-01-15 | ザ・トラステイーズ・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシテイ・オブ・ペンシルベニア | 低酸素の検出のために有用な化合物の製造 |
JP2010523596A (ja) * | 2007-04-05 | 2010-07-15 | シーメンス メディカル ソリューションズ ユーエスエー インコーポレイテッド | ニトロ−イミダゾール低酸素造影剤 |
WO2013042668A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | 日本メジフィジックス株式会社 | 放射性フッ素標識化合物 |
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See also references of EP3199183A4 * |
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EP3199183A4 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
AU2015322871A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
EP3199183A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
KR20170058360A (ko) | 2017-05-26 |
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