WO2016035585A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/282—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing two or more oxygen atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a pattern forming method suitable for a semiconductor manufacturing process such as an IC, a circuit board such as a liquid crystal and a thermal head, and other photofabrication lithography processes, and an actinic ray used therein. Relates to a photosensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (resist composition). The present invention also relates to an electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses "a resist material containing a base resin containing a polymer compound containing a predetermined repeating unit, an acid generator and an organic solvent" ( Claims 2, 4 and Examples).
- the present invention provides an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition having a large DOF and a small LWR, a pattern forming method using the composition, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using a resin having a specific repeating unit. That is, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by the following configuration.
- An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin P and a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation,
- the resin P has a repeating unit p1 represented by the general formula (1) described later and a repeating unit p2 represented by the general formula (2) described later.
- R 32 , R 33 and R 34 are a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- (6) The sensation according to (4) above, wherein in general formula (2-2), at least two of R 32 , R 33 and R 34 are linear or branched alkyl groups having 2 or more carbon atoms. Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- all of R 32 , R 33 and R 34 are linear or branched alkyl groups having 2 or more carbon atoms, and the actinic ray according to the above (4) Or radiation sensitive resin composition.
- An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition film is formed on a substrate with the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to any one of (1) to (7) above.
- Process (Ii) irradiating the film with actinic rays or radiation, and (Iii) a step of developing the film irradiated with the actinic ray or radiation with a developer;
- a pattern forming method having at least (9) The pattern forming method according to (8), wherein the developer is a developer containing an organic solvent.
- An electronic device manufacturing method including the pattern forming method according to (8) or (9).
- an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition having a large DOF and a small LWR, a pattern forming method using the above composition, and a method for producing an electronic device can be provided.
- an “alkyl group” that does not explicitly indicate substitution or unsubstituted includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group). I will do it.
- active light or “radiation” means, for example, an emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, a deep ultraviolet ray represented by an excimer laser, an extreme ultraviolet ray (EUV light), an X-ray, an electron beam, an ion beam or other particle beam. Means.
- light means actinic rays or radiation.
- exposure in the present specification is not limited to exposure to far ultraviolet rays, X-rays, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light) and the like represented by mercury lamps and excimer lasers. It is also assumed that drawing by particle beams such as.
- (meth) acrylate” means “at least one of acrylate and methacrylate”.
- (Meth) acrylic acid” means “at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid”.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the composition of the present invention” or “the resist composition of the present invention”) is formed by reacting resin P with an actinic ray or radiation. And a compound that generates
- the resin P has a repeating unit p1 represented by the following general formula (1) and a repeating unit p2 represented by the following general formula (2), and the repeating unit p2 is hydroxyadamantyl.
- the hydroxy group of the group does not have a group protected by a group that decomposes and leaves by the action of an acid.
- the composition of the present invention may be used for negative development (development where the exposed area remains as a pattern and the unexposed area is removed), or positive development (exposed area is removed and the unexposed area is patterned). May be used for the remaining development). That is, development may be performed using either a developer containing an organic solvent or an alkali developer.
- the composition of the present invention is typically a chemically amplified resist composition. First, each component contained in the composition of the present invention will be described, and then a pattern forming method using the composition of the present invention will be described in detail.
- Resin P The resin P has a repeating unit p1 represented by the general formula (1) described later and a repeating unit p2 represented by the general formula (2) described later.
- Repeating unit p1 is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1) and is usually decomposed by the action of an acid, the covalent bond between the oxygen atom and the quaternary carbon atom is cleaved, and the carboxyl group is removed. Arise.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R 2 represents a tertiary alkyl group.
- n 1 represents a positive integer. * Represents a binding position.
- Examples of the organic group represented by R 1 in the general formula (1) include an alkyl group which may have a substituent such as a fluorine atom or a hydroxyl group.
- Examples of R 1 include a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, A trifluoromethyl group and a hydroxymethyl group are preferred.
- Examples of the tertiary alkyl group represented by R 2 in the general formula (1) include a tert-butyl group, a tert-amyl group, a triethylcarbyl group, a 1-ethylnorbornyl group, a 1-methylcyclohexyl group, 1 -Ethylcyclopentyl group, 2- (2-methyl) adamantyl group, 2- (2-ethyl) adamantyl group and the like can be mentioned, among which tert-butyl group and tert-amyl group are preferable.
- n 1 in the general formula (1) examples include an integer of 1 to 8, preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- a substitutable hydrogen atom may be substituted with a substituent.
- repeating unit p1 represented by the general formula (1) contained in the resin P may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the repeating unit p1 represented by the general formula (1) with respect to all the repeating units of the resin P is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, and preferably 20 to 65 mol%. More preferably, it is 30 to 65 mol%, further preferably 35 to 60 mol%.
- Repeating unit p2 is a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2) and is usually decomposed by the action of an acid, the covalent bond between the oxygen atom and the quaternary carbon atom is cleaved, and the carboxyl group is removed. Arise.
- the repeating unit p2 is a repeating unit other than the above-described repeating unit p1.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be bonded to each other to form a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group. * Represents a binding position.
- Xa 1 are the same as R 1 in the general formula (1) described above.
- the divalent linking group for T include an alkylene group, —COO—Rt— group, —O—Rt— group, and the like.
- Rt represents an alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group.
- T is preferably a single bond or a —COO—Rt— group.
- Rt is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a —CH 2 — group, — (CH 2 ) 2 — group, or — (CH 2 ) 3 — group.
- the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, or a t-butyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group, polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as norbornyl group, tetracyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group and adamantyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 to each other include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, A polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an adamantyl group is preferred. A monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 to each other is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom or a heteroatom such as a carbonyl group It may be replaced with.
- Each of the above groups may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group.
- substituents include carbonyl groups (having 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and those having 8 or less carbon atoms are preferred.
- the total number of carbon atoms of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 3 to 8.
- repeating unit p21 As a preferable embodiment of the repeating unit p2, for example, a repeating unit p21 represented by the following general formula (2-1) can be mentioned. Note that the repeating unit p21 is an embodiment in which two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2) are bonded to each other to form a monocyclic cycloalkyl group.
- R 21 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R 22 represents a primary alkyl group or a secondary alkyl group.
- n 2 denotes a positive integer. * Represents a binding position.
- R 21 are the same as R 1 in the general formula (1) described above.
- R 22 include a linear or branched alkyl group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group (however, limited to a primary alkyl group or a secondary alkyl group).
- R 22 include those corresponding to the primary alkyl group or the secondary alkyl group among the specific examples of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2).
- Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the n 2 is the same as n 1 in the general formula (1).
- repeating unit p2 includes, for example, a repeating unit p22 represented by the following general formula (2-2). Note that the repeating unit p22 is an embodiment in which none of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2) is bonded to each other.
- R 31 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R 32 , R 33 and R 34 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group. * Represents a binding position.
- R 31 are the same as R 1 in the above general formula (1).
- R 32 , R 33 and R 34 include those corresponding to a linear or branched alkyl group among the specific examples of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2). Is preferably at least one of R 32, R 33 and R 34 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, R 32, R 33 and carbon atoms at least two of R 34 2
- the above linear or branched alkyl group is more preferable, and it is more preferable that all of R 32 , R 33 and R 34 are linear or branched alkyl groups having 2 or more carbon atoms.
- repeating unit p2 includes, for example, a repeating unit p23 represented by the following general formula (2-3). Note that the repeating unit p23 is one mode in which none of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2) is bonded to each other.
- R 41 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R 42 and R 43 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group. * Represents a binding position.
- R 41 are the same as R 1 in the general formula (1) described above.
- R 42 and R 43 include those corresponding to a linear or branched alkyl group among the specific examples of Rx 1 to Rx 3 in the general formula (2).
- R 42 is preferably a linear alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably a methyl group.
- R 43 is preferably a linear alkyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and still more preferably an ethyl group.
- the adamantyl group in general formula (2-3) may have a substituent.
- the repeating unit p2 does not have a group protected by a group in which the hydroxy group of the hydroxyadamantyl group is decomposed and removed by the action of an acid.
- the hydroxyadamantyl group is a group in which a replaceable hydrogen atom of the adamantyl group is substituted with a hydroxy group, and the number of hydroxy groups of the hydroxyadamantyl group is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the hydroxyadamantyl group are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- * represents a bonding position.
- a group protected by a group in which the hydroxy group of the hydroxyadamantyl group is decomposed and eliminated by the action of an acid refers to the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group (—OH) of the hydroxyadamantyl group.
- a group substituted with an acid leaving group examples of the group capable of leaving with an acid include -C (R 36 ) (R 37 ) (R 38 ), -C (R 36 ) (R 37 ) (OR 39 ), and -C (R 01 ). (R 02 ) (OR 39 ) and the like can be mentioned.
- R 36 to R 39 each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or an alkenyl group.
- R 36 and R 37 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 01 and R 02 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or an alkenyl group. Specific examples of the protected hydroxyadamantyl group are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- * represents a bonding position.
- the repeating unit p2 does not have a protected hydroxyadamantyl group, the electron density does not become too high, and the acid generated from the compound that generates acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation (acid generator) efficiently diffuses. .
- the DOF is large and the LWR is small. This is presumed from the fact that the DOF is small and the LWR is large when a protected hydroxyadamantyl group is present (Comparative Examples 3 to 5), as shown in Comparative Examples described later.
- One type of repeating unit p2 represented by the general formula (2) contained in the resin P may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the repeating unit p2 represented by the general formula (2) with respect to all the repeating units of the resin P is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 50 mol%, and preferably 10 to 40 mol%. More preferred.
- the resin P preferably contains a repeating unit (b) having at least one of a lactone structure, a sultone (cyclic sulfonic acid ester) structure, and a carbonate structure in addition to the above-described repeating unit p1 and repeating unit p2.
- the repeating unit (b) is preferably a repeating unit other than the repeating unit p1 and the repeating unit p2 described above.
- the repeating unit (b) is not particularly limited as long as it is a repeating unit having the above structure, but is preferably a repeating unit derived from a (meth) acrylic acid derivative monomer because the effect of the present invention is more excellent. .
- the repeating unit (b) contained in the resin P may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds, but it is one kind because the effect of the present invention is more excellent. Is preferred.
- the resin P preferably contains only one type of repeating unit (b) as the repeating unit (b).
- the content of the repeating unit (b) with respect to all the repeating units of the resin P depends on the structure of the repeating unit (b), but is 3 to 80 mol%, for example, and 3 to 60 mol%. preferable. Below, the suitable aspect of a repeating unit (b) is demonstrated.
- lactone structure or sultone structure is preferably a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure or sultone structure, and a 5- to 7-membered lactone structure or sultone structure
- a structure in which another ring structure is condensed so as to form a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is preferable. It is more preferable to have a repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure represented by any of the following general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-17), (SL1-1) and (SL1-2).
- a lactone structure or a sultone structure may be directly bonded to the main chain.
- Preferred lactone structures or sultone structures are (LC1-1), (LC1-4), (LC1-5), (LC1-8), and more preferably (LC1-4).
- the lactone structure portion or the sultone structure portion may or may not have a substituent (Rb 2 ).
- Preferred substituents (Rb 2 ) include alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and carboxyl groups. , Halogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, acid-decomposable group and the like. More preferred are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, and an acid-decomposable group.
- n 2 represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- n 2 is 2 or more, a plurality of substituents (Rb 2 ) may be the same or different, and a plurality of substituents (Rb 2 ) may be bonded to form a ring.
- the resin P preferably contains a repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure represented by the following general formula (III).
- A represents an ester bond (a group represented by —COO—) or an amide bond (a group represented by —CONH—).
- each R 0 independently represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or a combination thereof.
- each is independently a single bond, ether bond, ester bond, amide bond, urethane bond Or urea bond Represents.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group each independently.
- R 8 represents a monovalent organic group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure.
- n is the number of repetitions of the structure represented by —R 0 —Z—, and represents an integer of 0-2.
- R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the alkylene group and cycloalkylene group represented by R 0 may have a substituent.
- Z is preferably an ether bond or an ester bond, and particularly preferably an ester bond.
- the alkyl group for R 7 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- the alkylene group of R 0 , the cycloalkylene group, and the alkyl group in R 7 may each be substituted.
- the substituent include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom, a mercapto group, and a hydroxy group.
- R 7 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group.
- the preferred chain alkylene group for R 0 is preferably a chain alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a propylene group.
- a preferred cycloalkylene group is a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclohexylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a norbornylene group, and an adamantylene group.
- a chain alkylene group is more preferable, and a methylene group is particularly preferable.
- the monovalent organic group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure represented by R 8 is not limited as long as it has a lactone structure or a sultone structure, and is represented by the general formula (LC1-1) described above as a specific example. Examples include a lactone structure or a sultone structure represented by (LC1-17), (SL1-1), and (SL1-2), and a structure represented by (LC1-4) is particularly preferable. Further, n 2 in (LC1-1) to (LC1-17), (SL1-1) and (SL1-2) is more preferably 2 or less.
- R 8 is preferably a monovalent organic group having an unsubstituted lactone structure or sultone structure, or a monovalent organic group having a lactone structure or sultone structure having a methyl group, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent.
- a monovalent organic group having a lactone structure (cyanolactone) or a sultone structure (cyanosultone) having a cyano group as a substituent is more preferable.
- n is preferably 0.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a halogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group or an acetoxymethyl group.
- Me represents a methyl group.
- repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (III-1) or (III-1 ′) is more preferable.
- R 7 , A, R 0 , Z, and n are as defined in the general formula (III).
- R 7 ′, A ′, R 0 ′, Z ′ and n ′ are respectively synonymous with R 7 , A, R 0 , Z and n in the general formula (III).
- R 9 is each independently in the presence of two or more groups, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group, and when a plurality of bonded two R 9, ring May be formed.
- R 9 ′ each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group, and when there are a plurality of R 9 ′, two R 9 ′ are bonded. , May form a ring.
- X and X ′ each independently represents an alkylene group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- m and m ′ are the number of substituents, and each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- m and m ′ are preferably each independently 0 or 1.
- the alkyl group for R 9 and R 9 ′ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and most preferably a methyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl groups.
- Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group include methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, n-butoxycarbonyl group, t-butoxycarbonyl group and the like.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- R 9 and R 9 ′ are more preferably a methyl group, a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and even more preferably a cyano group.
- Examples of the alkylene group for X and X ′ include a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- X and X ′ are preferably an oxygen atom or a methylene group, more preferably a methylene group.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a halogen atom, preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group or an acetoxymethyl group.
- the content of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (III) is preferably 15 to 60 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol based on the total number of repeating units in the resin P when plural types are contained. %, More preferably 30 to 50 mol%.
- Resin P may also contain a repeating unit having the above-mentioned lactone structure or sultone structure in addition to the unit represented by the general formula (III).
- a repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure include the following, in addition to the specific examples given above, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- particularly preferred repeating units include the following repeating units.
- the repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure usually has an optical isomer, but any optical isomer may be used.
- One optical isomer may be used alone, or a plurality of optical isomers may be mixed and used.
- the optical purity (ee) thereof is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.
- the content of the repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure other than the repeating unit represented by the general formula (III) is 15 to 60 mol% in total with respect to all the repeating units in the resin when a plurality of types are contained. More preferably, it is 20 to 50 mol%, more preferably 30 to 50 mol%.
- lactone or sultone repeating units selected from general formula (III) can be used in combination.
- the carbonate structure (cyclic carbonate structure) has a ring containing a bond represented by —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O— as an atomic group constituting the ring. It is the structure which has.
- the ring containing a bond represented by —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O— as the atomic group constituting the ring is preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring, and most preferably a 5-membered ring. Such a ring may be condensed with another ring to form a condensed ring.
- the resin P preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (A-1) as a repeating unit having a carbonate structure (cyclic carbonate structure).
- R A 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R A 19 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a chain hydrocarbon group.
- A represents a single bond, a divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent or trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and A represents a trivalent
- the carbon atom contained in A and the carbon atom constituting the cyclic carbonate are combined to form a ring structure.
- n A represents an integer of 2 to 4.
- R A 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group represented by R A 1 may have a substituent such as a fluorine atom.
- R A 1 preferably represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group, and more preferably represents a methyl group.
- R A 19 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a chain hydrocarbon group.
- the chain hydrocarbon group represented by R A 19 is preferably a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms examples include linear alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group and butyl group; isopropyl group, isobutyl group, t A branched alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms such as a butyl group;
- the chain hydrocarbon group may have a substituent such as a hydroxyl group.
- R A 19 represents a hydrogen atom.
- the repeating unit (A-1a) described below is an example of a 5-membered ring structure
- (A-1j) is an example of a 6-membered ring structure.
- n A is preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 2.
- A represents a single bond, a divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group, a divalent or trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group is preferably a divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the divalent or trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a divalent or trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a divalent or trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- chain hydrocarbon group means a hydrocarbon group composed only of a chain structure without including a cyclic structure in the main chain.
- chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include, for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a 1,2-propylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, a tetramethylene group, and a pentamethylene group.
- A is a chain hydrocarbon group
- R A 1 is bonded to the ⁇ -position constituting the polymer.
- examples include a structure in which a carbon atom constituting a cyclic carbonate is bonded via a linear alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (repeating units (A-1a) to (A-1f described later) )).
- a cyclic structure may be included as a substituent of A (repeating unit (A-1p) described later).
- the carbon atom contained in A and the carbon atom which comprises cyclic carbonate may be couple
- the cyclic carbonate may form part of a condensed ring or a spiro ring.
- a fused ring is formed when the ring structure contains two carbon atoms in the cyclic carbonate, and a spiro ring is formed when only one carbon atom in the cyclic carbonate is contained.
- (A-1g), (A-1q), (A-1t), (A-1u), (A-1i), (A-1r), (A-1s), (A-1v) described later ), (A-1w) is an example in which a condensed ring containing the carbon atom contained in A and the two carbon atoms constituting the cyclic carbonate is formed.
- the repeating unit (A-1j) described later is an example in which a spiro ring is formed by the carbon atom contained in A and one carbon atom constituting the cyclic carbonate.
- the ring structure may be a heterocyclic ring (repeating units (A-1q to A-1v described later)).
- alicyclic hydrocarbon group means a hydrocarbon group containing only an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and no aromatic ring structure as the ring structure. However, it is not necessary to be constituted only by the structure of the alicyclic hydrocarbon, and a part thereof may include a chain structure.
- Examples of the “divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group” include 1,3-cyclobutylene group, 1,3-cyclopentylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,5-cyclooctylene group, etc.
- a monocyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as 1,4-norbornylene group, 2,5-norbornylene group, 1,5-adamantylene group, 2,6-adamantylene group, etc.
- Examples of the “trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group” include a group in which one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the functional group.
- A is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group
- R A 1 is bonded to the ⁇ -position constituting the polymer.
- R A 1 is bonded via a cyclopentylene group (repeated units (A-1g) and (A-1h) described later) and a norbornylene group.
- repeating units (A-1k) and (A-1l) described later are examples in which a condensed ring containing a carbon atom contained in A and two carbon atoms constituting a cyclic carbonate is formed.
- repeating units (A-1j) and (A-1n) described later are examples in which a spiro ring is formed by the carbon atom contained in A and one carbon atom constituting the cyclic carbonate.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group means a hydrocarbon group containing an aromatic ring structure as a ring structure. However, it is not necessary to be composed only of an aromatic ring structure, and a part thereof may include a chain structure or an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include arylene groups such as a phenylene group, a tolylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrylene group, and an anthrylene group.
- trimvalent aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a group in which one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the functional group.
- A is an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- alkyl) acrylic acid typically (meth) acrylic acid
- R A 1 is bonded to the ⁇ -position constituting the polymer.
- examples thereof include those in which the carbon atom constituting the ester is bonded via a benzylene group (repeating unit (A-1o) described later).
- the repeating unit (A-1o) is an example in which a condensed ring including a carbon atom contained in A and two carbon atoms constituting a cyclic carbonate is formed.
- A preferably represents a divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group or a divalent or trivalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably represents a divalent or trivalent chain hydrocarbon group. More preferably, it represents a linear alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- repeating unit represented by formula (A-1) (repeating units (A-1a) to (A-1w)) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- R A 1 in the following specific examples are the same meaning as R A 1 in the general formula (A-1).
- one type of repeating units represented by the general formula (A-1) may be contained alone, or two or more types may be contained.
- the content of the repeating unit having a carbonate structure (cyclic carbonate structure) (preferably, the repeating unit represented by the general formula (A-1)) is based on the total repeating units constituting the resin P. It is preferably 3 to 80 mol%, more preferably 3 to 60 mol%, particularly preferably 3 to 30 mol%, and most preferably 10 to 15 mol%.
- Preferred examples of the repeating unit (b) include the repeating units described in the above [1-3-1] and [1-3-2]. Among them, the following effects are obtained because the effects of the present invention are more excellent.
- the repeating unit represented by any one of the general formulas (b1) to (b7) is more preferable.
- R b1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- the organic group represented by R b1 in the general formulas (b1) to (b7) include an alkyl group which may have a substituent such as a fluorine atom or a hydroxyl group.
- a fluoromethyl group and a hydroxymethyl group are preferable, and a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are more preferable.
- the resin P may contain other repeating units.
- the resin P may include a repeating unit having a hydroxyl group or a cyano group. Examples of such a repeating unit include the repeating units described in paragraphs [0081] to [0084] of JP-A No. 2014-098921.
- the resin P may have a repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group.
- the alkali-soluble group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a bissulfonylimide group, and an aliphatic alcohol (for example, a hexafluoroisopropanol group) in which the ⁇ -position is substituted with an electron withdrawing group.
- the repeating unit having an alkali-soluble group include the repeating units described in paragraphs [0085] to [0086] of JP-A No. 2014-098921.
- the resin P can further have a repeating unit that has an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure having no polar group (for example, an alkali-soluble group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, etc.) and does not exhibit acid decomposability.
- a repeating unit that has an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure having no polar group (for example, an alkali-soluble group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, etc.) and does not exhibit acid decomposability.
- a repeating unit include the repeating units described in paragraphs [0114] to [0123] of JP-A-2014-106299.
- the resin P may contain, for example, repeating units described in paragraphs [0045] to [0065] of JP-A-2009-258586.
- the resin P used in the composition of the present invention includes dry etching resistance, standard developer suitability, substrate adhesion, resist profile, and general required characteristics of resist, resolving power and heat resistance.
- Various repeating structural units can be included for the purpose of adjusting properties, sensitivity, and the like. Examples of such repeating structural units include, but are not limited to, repeating structural units corresponding to the following monomers.
- a monomer for example, a compound having one addition polymerizable unsaturated bond selected from acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, acrylamides, methacrylamides, allyl compounds, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, etc. Etc.
- any addition-polymerizable unsaturated compound that can be copolymerized with monomers corresponding to the above various repeating structural units may be copolymerized.
- the molar ratio of each repeating structural unit is the resist dry etching resistance, standard developer suitability, substrate adhesion, resist profile, and general resist performance required. It is set as appropriate to adjust the resolution, heat resistance, sensitivity, and the like.
- the resin P used in the composition of the present invention has substantially no aromatic group from the viewpoint of transparency to ArF light. More specifically, the repeating unit having an aromatic group is preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 3 mol% or less, and ideally 0 mol during the entire repetition of the resin P. %, That is, it is more preferable not to have a repeating unit having an aromatic group.
- the resin P preferably has a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- resin P does not contain a fluorine atom and a silicon atom from a compatible viewpoint with hydrophobic resin (D) mentioned later.
- the resin P used in the composition of the present invention is preferably such that all of the repeating units are composed of (meth) acrylate repeating units.
- all of the repeating units are methacrylate repeating units, all of the repeating units are acrylate repeating units, or all of the repeating units are methacrylate repeating units and acrylate repeating units.
- the acrylate-based repeating unit is preferably 50 mol% or less of the total repeating units.
- the resin P in the present invention can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- a conventional method for example, radical polymerization
- a monomer polymerization method in which a monomer species and an initiator are dissolved in a solvent and the polymerization is performed by heating, and a solution of the monomer species and the initiator is dropped into the heating solvent over 1 to 10 hours.
- the dropping polymerization method is added, and the dropping polymerization method is preferable.
- reaction solvent examples include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diisopropyl ether, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, amide solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, Furthermore, the solvent which melt
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- a polymerization initiator a commercially available radical initiator (azo initiator, peroxide, etc.) is used to initiate the polymerization.
- azo initiator an azo initiator is preferable, and an azo initiator having an ester group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group is preferable.
- Preferable initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, dimethyl 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate) and the like.
- an initiator is added or added in portions, and after completion of the reaction, it is put into a solvent and a desired polymer is recovered by a method such as powder or solid recovery.
- the concentration of the reaction is 5 to 50% by mass, preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the reaction temperature is usually 10 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 30 ° C. to 120 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin P is preferably 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably 2,000 to 20,000, and still more preferably 3,000 to 15,000 as a polystyrene-converted value by the GPC method. Particularly preferred is 3,000 to 11,000.
- the degree of dispersion is usually 1.0 to 3.0, preferably 1.0 to 2.6, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0, and particularly preferably 1.1 to 2.0. Those in the range are used. The smaller the molecular weight distribution, the better the resolution and the resist shape, and the smoother the side wall of the resist pattern, the better the roughness.
- the content of the resin P in the entire composition is preferably 30 to 99% by mass, more preferably 50 to 95% by mass in the total solid content.
- resin P may be used by 1 type and may be used together.
- composition of the present invention contains a compound that generates acid upon irradiation with actinic ray or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as “acid generator”). Although it does not specifically limit as an acid generator, It is preferable that it is a compound which generate
- the acid generator photo-initiator of photocation polymerization, photo-initiator of photo-radical polymerization, photo-decoloring agent of dyes, photo-discoloring agent, irradiation of actinic ray or radiation used for micro resist, etc.
- a known compound that generates an acid and a mixture thereof can be appropriately selected and used.
- compounds described in paragraphs [0039] to [0103] of JP-A-2010-61043 examples thereof include compounds described in paragraphs [0284] to [0389] of Kaikai 2013-4820, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Examples include diazonium salts, phosphonium salts, sulfonium salts, iodonium salts, imide sulfonates, oxime sulfonates, diazodisulfones, disulfones, and o-nitrobenzyl sulfonates.
- produces an acid by irradiation of the actinic ray or radiation represented by following General formula (3) suitably is mentioned, for example. it can.
- Xf each independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom, and when there are a plurality of R 4 and R 5 , R 4 and R 5 are the same But it can be different.
- L represents a divalent linking group, and when there are a plurality of L, L may be the same or different.
- W represents an organic group containing a cyclic structure. o represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- q represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Xf represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group.
- Xf is preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Xf is more preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3 . In particular, it is preferable that both Xf are fluorine atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom, and when there are a plurality of R 4 and R 5 , R 4 and R 5 are the same But it can be different.
- the alkyl group as R 4 and R 5 may have a substituent, and preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably a hydrogen atom.
- Specific examples and preferred embodiments of the alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom are the same as the specific examples and preferred embodiments of Xf in formula (3).
- L represents a divalent linking group, and when there are a plurality of L, L may be the same or different.
- the divalent linking group include —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CO—, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, an alkylene group ( Preferable examples include 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), or a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of these.
- —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CO—, —O—, —SO 2 —, —COO-alkylene group—, —OCO-alkylene group—, —CONH— alkylene group - or -NHCO- alkylene group - are preferred, -COO -, - OCO -, - CONH -, - SO 2 -, - COO- alkylene group - or -OCO- alkylene group - is more preferable.
- W represents an organic group containing a cyclic structure.
- a cyclic organic group is preferable.
- the cyclic organic group include an alicyclic group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group.
- the alicyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the monocyclic alicyclic group include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- polycyclic alicyclic group examples include polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- an alicyclic group having a bulky structure having 7 or more carbon atoms such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group, is a PEB (heating after exposure) step. From the viewpoints of suppressing diffusibility in the film and improving MEEF (Mask Error Enhancement Factor).
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthryl group, and an anthryl group. Among these, a naphthyl group having a relatively low light absorbance at 193 nm is preferable.
- the heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, but the polycyclic group can suppress acid diffusion more. Moreover, the heterocyclic group may have aromaticity or may not have aromaticity.
- heterocyclic ring having aromaticity examples include a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, and a pyridine ring.
- heterocyclic ring that does not have aromaticity examples include a tetrahydropyran ring, a lactone ring, a sultone ring, and a decahydroisoquinoline ring.
- heterocyclic ring in the heterocyclic group a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, or a decahydroisoquinoline ring is particularly preferable.
- lactone ring and sultone ring include the lactone structure and sultone structure exemplified in the aforementioned resin P.
- the cyclic organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms), and a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic, polycyclic or spirocyclic).
- alkyl group which may be linear or branched, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- a cycloalkyl group monocyclic, polycyclic or spirocyclic.
- Well preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms
- aryl group preferably having 6 to 14 carbon atoms
- hydroxyl group alkoxy group
- ester group amide group, urethane group, ureido group, thioether group, sulfonamide group, and sulfonic acid
- An ester group is mentioned.
- the carbon constituting the cyclic organic group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- o represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- q represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- Xf is preferably a fluorine atom
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably both hydrogen atoms
- W is preferably a polycyclic hydrocarbon group.
- o is more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1.
- p is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- W is more preferably a polycyclic cycloalkyl group, and further preferably an adamantyl group or a diamantyl group.
- X + represents a cation.
- X + is not particularly limited as long as it is a cation, and preferred embodiments include, for example, cations (parts other than Z ⁇ ) in the general formula (ZI), (ZII) or (ZIII) described later.
- R 201 , R 202 and R 203 each independently represents an organic group.
- the organic group as R 201 , R 202 and R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a carbonyl group.
- Examples of the group formed by combining two members out of R 201 to R 203 include an alkylene group (eg, butylene group, pentylene group).
- Z ⁇ represents an anion in the general formula (3), and specifically represents the following anion.
- Examples of the organic group represented by R 201 , R 202 and R 203 include the corresponding groups in the compounds (ZI-1), (ZI-2), (ZI-3) and (ZI-4) described later. Can be mentioned.
- the compound which has two or more structures represented by general formula (ZI) may be sufficient.
- at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the compound represented by the general formula (ZI) is a single bond or at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the other compound represented by the general formula (ZI). It may be a compound having a structure bonded through a linking group.
- (ZI) component examples include compounds (ZI-1), (ZI-2), (ZI-3) and (ZI-4) described below.
- the compound (ZI-1) is an arylsulfonium compound in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 in the general formula (ZI) is an aryl group, that is, a compound having arylsulfonium as a cation.
- the arylsulfonium compound all of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, or a part of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group and the rest may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- arylsulfonium compound examples include triarylsulfonium compounds, diarylalkylsulfonium compounds, aryldialkylsulfonium compounds, diarylcycloalkylsulfonium compounds, and aryldicycloalkylsulfonium compounds.
- the aryl group of the arylsulfonium compound is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like. Examples of the heterocyclic structure include a pyrrole residue, a furan residue, a thiophene residue, an indole residue, a benzofuran residue, and a benzothiophene residue.
- the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group optionally possessed by the arylsulfonium compound is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, Examples include an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 are an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (for example, 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an aryl group (for example, 6 to 14 carbon atoms).
- An alkoxy group for example, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms
- a halogen atom for example, a hydroxyl group, and a phenylthio group may be substituted.
- Compound (ZI-2) is a compound in which R 201 to R 203 in formula (ZI) each independently represents an organic group having no aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring includes an aromatic ring containing a hetero atom.
- the organic group containing no aromatic ring as R 201 to R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 201 to R 203 are each independently preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group, more preferably a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group, 2-oxocycloalkyl group, alkoxy group.
- a carbonylmethyl group particularly preferably a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group represented by R 201 to R 203 are preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group), a carbon Examples thereof include cycloalkyl groups having a number of 3 to 10 (cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group).
- R 201 to R 203 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (for example, having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- the compound (ZI-3) is a compound represented by the following general formula (ZI-3), which is a compound having a phenacylsulfonium salt structure.
- R 1c to R 5c are each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group, halogen atom, hydroxyl group Represents a nitro group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group.
- R 6c and R 7c each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or an aryl group.
- R x and R y each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a 2-oxoalkyl group, a 2-oxocycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group.
- R 1c to R 5c , R 5c and R 6c , R 6c and R 7c , R 5c and R x , and R x and R y may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- this ring structure may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a ketone group, an ester bond, or an amide bond.
- the ring structure include an aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle, or a polycyclic fused ring formed by combining two or more of these rings.
- Examples of the ring structure include 3- to 10-membered rings, preferably 4- to 8-membered rings, more preferably 5- or 6-membered rings.
- Examples of the group formed by combining any two or more of R 1c to R 5c , R 6c and R 7c , and R x and R y include a butylene group and a pentylene group.
- the group formed by combining R 5c and R 6c and R 5c and R x is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group, and examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- Zc ⁇ represents an anion in the general formula (3), specifically, as described above.
- alkoxy group in the alkoxycarbonyl group as R 1c ⁇ R 5c are the same as specific examples of the alkoxy group as the R 1c ⁇ R 5c.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group in the alkylcarbonyloxy group and alkylthio group as R 1c ⁇ R 5c are the same as specific examples of the alkyl group of the R 1c ⁇ R 5c.
- Specific examples of the cycloalkyl group in the cycloalkyl carbonyl group as R 1c ⁇ R 5c are the same as specific examples of the cycloalkyl group of the R 1c ⁇ R 5c.
- Specific examples of the aryl group in the aryloxy group and arylthio group as R 1c ⁇ R 5c are the same as specific examples of the aryl group of the R 1c ⁇ R 5c.
- Examples of the cation in the compound (ZI-2) or (ZI-3) in the present invention include cations described in paragraph [0036] and thereafter of US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0076996.
- the compound (ZI-4) is represented by the following general formula (ZI-4).
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having a cycloalkyl group. These groups may have a substituent.
- R 14 is independently a group having a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a cycloalkylsulfonyl group, or a cycloalkyl group, when a plurality of R 14 are present.
- R 15 each independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a naphthyl group. These groups may have a substituent.
- Two R 15 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the ring skeleton may contain a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
- it is preferred that two R 15 are alkylene groups and are bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- l represents an integer of 0-2.
- r represents an integer of 0 to 8.
- Z ⁇ represents an anion in the general formula (3), specifically as described above.
- the alkyl group of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is linear or branched and preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, n -Butyl group, t-butyl group and the like are preferable.
- Examples of the cation of the compound represented by the general formula (ZI-4) in the present invention include paragraphs [0121], [0123], [0124] of JP2010-256842A, and JP2011-76056A. The cations described in paragraphs [0127], [0129], and [0130] of the above.
- R 204 to R 207 each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 to R 207 may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, or the like.
- Examples of the skeleton of the aryl group having a heterocyclic structure include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group in R 204 to R 207 are preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group), carbon Examples thereof include cycloalkyl groups having a number of 3 to 10 (cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbornyl group).
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 to R 207 may have include an alkyl group (eg, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (eg, having 3 to 15 carbon atoms). ), Aryl groups (for example, having 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, having 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenylthio groups, and the like.
- Z ⁇ represents an anion in the general formula (3), specifically as described above.
- the acid generator (including a specific acid generator; the same shall apply hereinafter) may be in the form of a low molecular compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Moreover, you may use together the form incorporated in a part of polymer and the form of a low molecular compound.
- the molecular weight is preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, and even more preferably 1000 or less.
- the acid generator may be incorporated in a part of the resin P described above, or may be incorporated in a resin different from the resin P.
- the acid generator can be synthesized by a known method, for example, according to the method described in JP-A No. 2007-161707.
- An acid generator can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the content of the acid generator in the composition is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 25%, based on the total solid content of the composition. % By mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 15% by mass.
- the acid generator is a specific acid generator represented by the above general formula (ZI-3) or (ZI-4) (when there are a plurality of types), the content is the composition Based on the total solid content of the product, it is preferably 5 to 35% by mass, more preferably 8 to 30% by mass, still more preferably 9 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 9 to 25% by mass.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a hydrophobic resin (hereinafter also referred to as “hydrophobic resin (D)” or simply “resin (D)”).
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is preferably different from the resin P.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is preferably designed to be unevenly distributed at the interface. However, unlike the surfactant, it is not always necessary to have a hydrophilic group in the molecule, and the polar / nonpolar substance is mixed uniformly. You don't have to contribute to Examples of the effects of adding the hydrophobic resin include control of the static / dynamic contact angle of the resist film surface with respect to water, improvement of immersion liquid followability, and suppression of outgas.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is selected from any one of “fluorine atom”, “silicon atom”, and “CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the resin” from the viewpoint of uneven distribution in the film surface layer. It is preferable to have the above, and it is more preferable to have two or more.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) contains a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom
- the fluorine atom and / or silicon atom in the hydrophobic resin (D) may be contained in the main chain of the resin. , May be contained in the side chain.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) contains a fluorine atom
- it is a resin having an alkyl group having a fluorine atom, a cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom, or an aryl group having a fluorine atom as a partial structure having a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- a cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom and an aryl group having a fluorine atom are a cycloalkyl group in which one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom and an aryl group having a fluorine atom, respectively, and further a substituent other than a fluorine atom is substituted. You may have.
- alkyl group having a fluorine atom examples include groups represented by the following general formulas (F2) to (F4).
- the invention is not limited to this.
- R 57 to R 68 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group (straight or branched).
- R 57 to R 61 , at least one of R 62 to R 64 , and at least one of R 65 to R 68 are each independently a fluorine atom or at least one hydrogen atom is a fluorine atom. It represents a substituted alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). All of R 57 to R 61 and R 65 to R 67 are preferably fluorine atoms.
- R 62 , R 63 and R 68 are preferably an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, and preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Further preferred. R 62 and R 63 may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) may contain a silicon atom.
- the partial structure having a silicon atom is preferably a resin having an alkylsilyl structure (preferably a trialkylsilyl group) or a cyclic siloxane structure.
- Examples of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or a silicon atom include those exemplified in US2012 / 0251948A1 [0519].
- the hydrophobic resin (D) it is also preferred to include CH 3 partial structure side chain moiety.
- CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain moiety in the hydrophobic resin (D) (hereinafter, simply referred to as "side chain CH 3 partial structure")
- The, CH 3 partial structure an ethyl group, and a propyl group having Is included.
- a methyl group directly bonded to the main chain of the hydrophobic resin (D) (for example, an ⁇ -methyl group of a repeating unit having a methacrylic acid structure) is caused by the influence of the main chain on the surface of the hydrophobic resin (D). Since the contribution to uneven distribution is small, it is not included in the CH 3 partial structure in the present invention.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is a repeating unit derived from a monomer having a polymerizable moiety having a carbon-carbon double bond, such as a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (M).
- R 11 to R 14 are CH 3 “as is”, the CH 3 is not included in the CH 3 partial structure of the side chain moiety in the present invention.
- CH 3 partial structure exists through some atoms from C-C backbone, and those falling under CH 3 partial structures in the present invention.
- R 11 is an ethyl group (CH 2 CH 3 )
- R 11 to R 14 each independently represents a side chain portion.
- R 11 to R 14 in the side chain portion include a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group for R 11 to R 14 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylaminocarbonyl group, and a cycloalkylaminocarbonyl.
- Group, an arylaminocarbonyl group, and the like, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is preferably a resin having a repeating unit having a CH 3 partial structure in the side chain portion, and as such a repeating unit, a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (II), and It is more preferable to have at least one repeating unit (x) among repeating units represented by the following general formula (III).
- X b1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cyano group or a halogen atom
- R 2 has one or more CH 3 partial structure represents a stable organic radical to acid.
- the organic group which is stable to acid is more preferably an organic group which does not have the “acid-decomposable group” described in the resin P.
- the alkyl group of Xb1 preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group, and a methyl group is preferable.
- X b1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group having one or more CH 3 partial structures.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl group or an alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl group having one or more CH 3 partial structures.
- the acid-stable organic group having one or more CH 3 partial structures as R 2 preferably has 2 or more and 10 or less CH 3 partial structures, and more preferably 2 or more and 8 or less.
- Preferred specific examples of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (II) are shown below. Note that the present invention is not limited to this.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (II) is preferably an acid-stable (non-acid-decomposable) repeating unit, and specifically, a group that decomposes by the action of an acid to generate a polar group. It is preferable that it is a repeating unit which does not have.
- the repeating unit represented by formula (III) will be described in detail.
- X b2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom
- R 3 represents an acid-stable organic group having one or more CH 3 partial structures
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the alkyl group of Xb2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group, and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- X b2 is preferably a hydrogen atom. Since R 3 is an organic group that is stable against acid, more specifically, R 3 is preferably an organic group that does not have the “acid-decomposable group” described in the resin P.
- R 3 includes an alkyl group having one or more CH 3 partial structures.
- the acid-stable organic group having one or more CH 3 partial structures as R 3 preferably has 1 or more and 10 or less CH 3 partial structures, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, More preferably, it is 1 or more and 4 or less.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5, more preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and still more preferably 1 or 2.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (III) is preferably an acid-stable (non-acid-decomposable) repeating unit, and specifically, a group that decomposes by the action of an acid to generate a polar group. It is preferable that it is a repeating unit which does not have.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (II) contains a CH 3 partial structure in the side chain portion, and particularly when it does not have a fluorine atom and a silicon atom
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (II) contains a CH 3 partial structure in the side chain portion, and particularly when it does not have a fluorine atom and a silicon atom
- the content of at least one repeating unit (x) among the repeating units represented by the general formula (III) is preferably 90 mol% or more based on all repeating units of the hydrophobic resin (D). More preferably, it is 95 mol% or more. Content is 100 mol% or less normally with respect to all the repeating units of hydrophobic resin (D).
- the hydrophobic resin (D) comprises at least one repeating unit (x) among the repeating unit represented by the general formula (II) and the repeating unit represented by the general formula (III). ),
- the surface free energy of the hydrophobic resin (D) increases.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) is less likely to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film, and the static / dynamic contact angle of the resist film with respect to water can be reliably improved and the immersion liquid followability can be improved. it can.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) includes the following (x) to (z) regardless of whether (i) a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom is included or (ii) a CH 3 partial structure is included in the side chain portion. ) May have at least one group selected from the group of (X) an acid group, (Y) a group having a lactone structure, an acid anhydride group, or an acid imide group, (Z) a group decomposable by the action of an acid
- Examples of the acid group (x) include a phenolic hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a fluorinated alcohol group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, an (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, and an (alkylsulfonyl) (alkyl Carbonyl) imide group, bis (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylcarbonyl) imide group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide group, tris (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, tris (alkylsulfonyl) A methylene group etc. are mentioned.
- Preferred acid groups include fluorinated alcohol groups (preferably hexafluoroisopropanol), sulfonimide groups, and
- the repeating unit having an acid group (x) includes a repeating unit in which an acid group is directly bonded to the main chain of the resin, such as a repeating unit of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or a resin having a linking group. Examples include a repeating unit in which an acid group is bonded to the main chain, and a polymerization initiator or chain transfer agent having an acid group can be introduced at the end of the polymer chain at the time of polymerization. preferable.
- the repeating unit having an acid group (x) may have at least one of a fluorine atom and a silicon atom.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid group (x) is preferably from 1 to 50 mol%, more preferably from 3 to 35 mol%, still more preferably from 5 to 5%, based on all repeating units in the hydrophobic resin (D). 20 mol%.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit having an acid group (x) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Rx represents a hydrogen atom, CH 3 , CF 3 , or CH 2 OH.
- the group having a lactone structure As the group having a lactone structure, the acid anhydride group, or the acid imide group (y), a group having a lactone structure is particularly preferable.
- the repeating unit containing these groups is a repeating unit in which this group is directly bonded to the main chain of the resin, such as a repeating unit of acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester.
- this repeating unit may be a repeating unit in which this group is bonded to the main chain of the resin via a linking group.
- this repeating unit may be introduce
- Examples of the repeating unit having a group having a lactone structure include those similar to the repeating unit having a lactone structure described above in the section of the resin P.
- the content of the repeating unit having a group having a lactone structure, an acid anhydride group, or an acid imide group is preferably 1 to 100 mol% based on all repeating units in the hydrophobic resin (D), The content is more preferably 3 to 98 mol%, further preferably 5 to 95 mol%.
- examples of the repeating unit having a group (z) that is decomposed by the action of an acid are the same as the repeating unit having an acid-decomposable group listed for the resin P.
- the repeating unit having a group (z) that decomposes by the action of an acid may have at least one of a fluorine atom and a silicon atom.
- the content of the repeating unit having a group (z) that is decomposed by the action of an acid is preferably 1 to 80 mol% with respect to all the repeating units in the resin (D). The amount is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol%.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) may further have a repeating unit different from the above-described repeating unit.
- the repeating unit containing a fluorine atom is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, based on all repeating units contained in the hydrophobic resin (D). Further, the repeating unit containing a silicon atom is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 to 100 mol% in all repeating units contained in the hydrophobic resin (D).
- hydrophobic resin (D) contains a CH 3 partial structure in the side chain portion
- a mode in which the hydrophobic resin (D) does not substantially contain a fluorine atom and a silicon atom is also preferable.
- hydrophobic resin (D) is substantially comprised only by the repeating unit comprised only by the atom chosen from a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- the standard polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of the hydrophobic resin (D) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 1,000 to 50,000.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) may be used alone or in combination.
- the content of the hydrophobic resin (D) in the composition is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 8% by mass, based on the total solid content in the composition of the present invention.
- the residual monomer and oligomer components are preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn, also referred to as dispersity) is preferably in the range of 1 to 5, more preferably in the range of 1 to 3.
- hydrophobic resin (D) various commercially available products can be used, and the hydrophobic resin (D) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains an acid diffusion control agent.
- the acid diffusion controller acts as a quencher that traps the acid generated from the acid generator or the like during exposure and suppresses the reaction of the acid-decomposable resin in the unexposed area due to excess generated acid.
- Examples of the acid diffusion controller include a basic compound, a low molecular compound having a nitrogen atom and a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid, a basic compound whose basicity is reduced or disappeared by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, or An onium salt that is a weak acid relative to the acid generator can be used.
- Preferred examples of the basic compound include compounds having structures represented by the following formulas (A) to (E).
- R 200 , R 201 and R 202 may be the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 20), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 3 to 20) or an aryl group (having a carbon number). 6-20), wherein R 201 and R 202 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and each represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups in the general formulas (A) and (E) are more preferably unsubstituted.
- Preferred compounds include guanidine, aminopyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholine, piperidine and the like, and more preferred compounds include imidazole structure, diazabicyclo structure, onium hydroxide structure, onium carboxylate Examples thereof include a compound having a structure, a trialkylamine structure, an aniline structure or a pyridine structure, an alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond, and an aniline derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond. Specific examples of preferred compounds include those exemplified in US2012 / 0219913A1 [0379].
- Preferred examples of the basic compound further include an amine compound having a phenoxy group, an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group, an amine compound having a sulfonic acid ester group, and an ammonium salt compound having a sulfonic acid ester group.
- These basic compounds may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the composition of the present invention may or may not contain a basic compound.
- the content of the basic compound is usually 0.001 to 10 mass based on the solid content of the composition. %, Preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass.
- a low molecular weight compound having a nitrogen atom and having a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid is an amine derivative having a group on the nitrogen atom that is leaving by the action of an acid. It is preferable that As the group capable of leaving by the action of an acid, an acetal group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a tertiary ester group, a tertiary hydroxyl group, and a hemiaminal ether group are preferable, and a carbamate group and a hemiaminal ether group are particularly preferable. .
- the molecular weight of the compound (C) is preferably 100 to 1000, more preferably 100 to 700, and particularly preferably 100 to 500.
- Compound (C) may have a carbamate group having a protecting group on the nitrogen atom.
- the protecting group constituting the carbamate group can be represented by the following general formula (d-1).
- Rb each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms), an aralkyl group ( Preferably, it represents 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or an alkoxyalkyl group (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms).
- Rb may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group represented by Rb are substituted with a functional group such as hydroxyl group, cyano group, amino group, pyrrolidino group, piperidino group, morpholino group, oxo group, alkoxy group, or halogen atom. It may be. The same applies to the alkoxyalkyl group represented by Rb.
- Rb is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, or aryl group. More preferably, it is a linear or branched alkyl group or cycloalkyl group.
- Examples of the ring formed by connecting two Rb to each other include an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group, or a derivative thereof.
- Specific examples of the group represented by the general formula (d-1) include, but are not limited to, the structures disclosed in US2012 / 0135348 A1 [0466].
- the compound (C) has a structure represented by the following general formula (6).
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group.
- l 2
- two Ras may be the same or different, and two Ras may be connected to each other to form a heterocyclic ring together with the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- the heterocyclic ring may contain a hetero atom other than the nitrogen atom in the formula.
- Rb has the same meaning as Rb in formula (d-1), and preferred examples are also the same.
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group and aralkyl group as Ra are described above as the groups in which the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group and aralkyl group as Rb may be substituted. It may be substituted with a group similar to the group.
- Ra alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group examples include: The same group as the specific example mentioned above about Rb is mentioned.
- Specific examples of the particularly preferable compound (C) in the present invention include compounds disclosed in US2012 / 0135348 A1 [0475], but are not limited thereto.
- the compound represented by the general formula (6) can be synthesized based on JP2007-298869A, JP2009-199021A, and the like.
- the low molecular compound (C) having a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid on the nitrogen atom can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the compound (C) in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, further based on the total solid content of the composition.
- the content is 0.01 to 5% by mass.
- a basic compound whose basicity decreases or disappears upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as “compound (PA)”) has a proton acceptor functional group and is irradiated with actinic rays or radiation. Is a compound whose proton acceptor properties are degraded, disappeared, or changed from proton acceptor properties to acidic properties.
- the proton acceptor functional group is a group that can interact electrostatically with a proton or a functional group having an electron.
- a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether or a ⁇ -conjugated group. It means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with an unshared electron pair that does not contribute.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure represented by the following formula.
- Examples of a preferable partial structure of the proton acceptor functional group include a crown ether, an azacrown ether, a primary to tertiary amine, a pyridine, an imidazole, and a pyrazine structure.
- the compound (PA) is decomposed by irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation to generate a compound in which the proton acceptor property is lowered, disappeared, or changed from proton acceptor property to acidity.
- the decrease or disappearance of the proton acceptor property or the change from the proton acceptor property to the acid is a change in the proton acceptor property caused by the addition of a proton to the proton acceptor functional group.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa of the compound generated by decomposition of the compound (PA) upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation preferably satisfies pKa ⁇ 1, more preferably ⁇ 13 ⁇ pKa ⁇ 1. More preferably, ⁇ 13 ⁇ pKa ⁇ 3.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa represents the acid dissociation constant pKa in an aqueous solution.
- Chemical Handbook (II) (4th revised edition, 1993, edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, Maruzen Co., Ltd.) It shows that acid strength is so large that this value is low.
- the acid dissociation constant pKa in an aqueous solution can be measured by measuring an acid dissociation constant at 25 ° C. using an infinitely diluted aqueous solution, and using the following software package 1, Hammett
- the values based on the substituent constants and the known literature database can also be obtained by calculation.
- the values of pKa described in this specification all indicate values obtained by calculation using this software package.
- the compound (PA) generates, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (PA-1) as the proton adduct generated by decomposition upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. Since the compound represented by the general formula (PA-1) has an acidic group together with the proton acceptor functional group, the proton acceptor property is reduced or disappeared compared to the compound (PA), or the proton acceptor property is reduced. It is a compound that has changed to acidic.
- PA-1 a compound represented by the following general formula (PA-1) as the proton adduct generated by decomposition upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. Since the compound represented by the general formula (PA-1) has an acidic group together with the proton acceptor functional group, the proton acceptor property is reduced or disappeared compared to the compound (PA), or the proton acceptor property is reduced. It is a compound that has changed to acidic.
- Q represents —SO 3 H, —CO 2 H, or —W 1 NHW 2 R f .
- R f represents an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms), and W 1 and W 2 each independently represents —SO 2 — or —CO—.
- A represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X represents —SO 2 — or —CO—.
- n represents 0 or 1.
- B represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, or —N (R x ) R y —.
- R x represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- R y represents a single bond or a divalent organic group.
- R x may be bonded to R y to form a ring, or R x may be bonded to R to form a ring.
- R represents a monovalent organic group having a proton acceptor functional group.
- the divalent linking group in A is preferably an alkylene group having at least one fluorine atom, and more preferably a perfluoroalkylene group such as a perfluoroethylene group, a perfluoropropylene group, or a perfluorobutylene group.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group in Rx include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group, and these groups may further have a substituent.
- the alkyl group in Rx is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and may have an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom in the alkyl chain.
- the cycloalkyl group in Rx is preferably a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and may have an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom in the ring.
- the aryl group for Rx is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Preferred examples of the aralkyl group for Rx include those having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group.
- the alkenyl group in Rx preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, and a styryl group.
- Preferred examples of the divalent organic group for Ry include an alkylene group.
- Examples of the ring structure that Rx and Ry may be bonded to each other include a 5- to 10-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom.
- the proton acceptor functional group for R is as described above.
- the organic group having such a structure is preferably an organic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group.
- the alkyl group, the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group, the alkenyl group containing a proton acceptor functional group or an ammonium group in R, and the like are the same as the alkyl groups mentioned as the above Rx. .
- R and Rx are preferably bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the number of carbon atoms forming the ring is preferably 4 to 20, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom in the ring.
- Examples of the monocyclic structure include a 4- to 8-membered ring containing a nitrogen atom.
- Examples of the polycyclic structure include a structure composed of a combination of two or three or more monocyclic structures.
- R f in -W 1 NHW 2 R f represented by Q, and preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- W 1 and W 2 is —SO 2 —.
- the compound (PA) is preferably an ionic compound.
- the proton acceptor functional group may be contained in either the anion portion or the cation portion, but is preferably contained in the anion portion.
- Preferred examples of the compound (PA) include compounds represented by the following general formulas (4) to (6).
- C + represents a counter cation.
- the counter cation is preferably an onium cation. More specifically, the sulfonium cation described as S + (R 201 ) (R 202 ) (R 203 ) in the general formula (ZI) in the acid generator, I + (R 204 ) (R in the general formula (ZII)
- a preferred example is the iodonium cation described as 205 ).
- Specific examples of the compound (PA) include compounds exemplified in US2011 / 0269072A1 [0280].
- a compound (PA) other than the compound that generates the compound represented by the general formula (PA-1) can be appropriately selected.
- an ionic compound that has a proton acceptor moiety in the cation moiety may be used.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (7) is exemplified.
- A represents a sulfur atom or an iodine atom.
- m represents 1 or 2
- n represents 1 or 2.
- R represents an aryl group.
- R N represents an aryl group substituted with a proton acceptor functional group.
- X ⁇ represents a counter anion. Specific examples of X ⁇ include the same as the above-mentioned anion of the acid generator. Specific examples of the aryl group of R and R N is a phenyl group are preferably exemplified.
- proton acceptor functional group R N are the same as those of the proton acceptor functional group described in the foregoing formula (PA-1).
- Specific examples of the ionic compound having a proton acceptor site in the cation moiety include compounds exemplified in US2011 / 0269072A1 [0291]. Such a compound can be synthesized with reference to methods described in, for example, JP-A-2007-230913 and JP-A-2009-122623.
- a compound (PA) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the content of the compound (PA) is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 8% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
- an onium salt that becomes a weak acid relative to the acid generator can be used as an acid diffusion control agent.
- an acid generator and an onium salt that generates an acid that is a relatively weak acid with respect to the acid generated from the acid generator are mixed and used, the acid generated from the acid generator by irradiation with actinic rays or radiation When it collides with an onium salt having an unreacted weak acid anion, a weak acid is released by salt exchange to produce an onium salt having a strong acid anion.
- the strong acid is exchanged with a weak acid having a lower catalytic ability, so that the acid is apparently deactivated and the acid diffusion can be controlled.
- the onium salt that is a weak acid relative to the acid generator is preferably a compound represented by the following general formulas (d1-1) to (d1-3).
- R 51 represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent
- Z 2c represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a substituent (however, a carbon adjacent to S).
- R 52 is an organic group
- Y 3 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group or an arylene group
- Rf is a fluorine atom.
- Each of the M + is independently a sulfonium or iodonium cation.
- sulfonium cation or iodonium cation represented by M + include a sulfonium cation exemplified by the general formula (ZI) and an iodonium cation exemplified by the general formula (ZII).
- Preferable examples of the anion moiety of the compound represented by the general formula (d1-1) include the structures exemplified in paragraph [0198] of JP2012-242799A.
- Preferable examples of the anion moiety of the compound represented by the general formula (d1-2) include the structures exemplified in paragraph [0201] of JP2012-242799A.
- Preferable examples of the anion moiety of the compound represented by the general formula (d1-3) include the structures exemplified in paragraphs [0209] and [0210] of JP2012-242799A.
- the onium salt that is a weak acid relative to the acid generator is a compound (C) having a cation moiety and an anion moiety in the same molecule, and the cation moiety and the anion moiety being linked by a covalent bond (Hereinafter also referred to as “compound (CA)”).
- the compound (CA) is preferably a compound represented by any one of the following general formulas (C-1) to (C-3).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent a substituent having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group or a single bond linking the cation moiety and the anion moiety.
- -X - it is, -COO -, -SO 3 - represents an anion portion selected from -R 4 -, -SO 2 -, -N.
- R 4 is a group having a carbonyl group: —C ( ⁇ O) —, a sulfonyl group: —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —, and a sulfinyl group: —S ( ⁇ O) — at the site of connection with the adjacent N atom.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and L 1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- R 1 to R 3 may be combined to form a double bond with the N atom.
- Examples of the substituent having 1 or more carbon atoms in R 1 to R 3 include alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aryl group, alkyloxycarbonyl group, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, alkylaminocarbonyl group, cycloalkylamino A carbonyl group, an arylaminocarbonyl group, etc. are mentioned. Preferably, they are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- L 1 as the divalent linking group is a linear or branched alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, arylene group, carbonyl group, ether bond, ester bond, amide bond, urethane bond, urea bond, and two types thereof. Examples include groups formed by combining the above. L 1 is more preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or a group formed by combining two or more of these.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula (C-1) include paragraphs [0037] to [0039] of JP2013-6827A and paragraphs [0027] to [0029] of JP2013-8020A. ] Can be mentioned.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula (C-2) include compounds exemplified in paragraphs [0012] to [0013] of JP2012-189977A.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula (C-3) include the compounds exemplified in paragraphs [0029] to [0031] of JP 2012-252124 A.
- the content of the onium salt that is a weak acid relative to the acid generator is preferably 0.5 to 10.0% by mass, and preferably 0.5 to 8.0% by mass based on the solid content of the composition. % Is more preferable, and 1.0 to 8.0% by mass is even more preferable.
- Solvent The composition of the present invention usually contains a solvent.
- Solvents that can be used in preparing the composition include, for example, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylates, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, alkyl lactate esters, alkyl alkoxypropionates, cyclic lactones (preferably having 4 to 4 carbon atoms). 10), an organic solvent such as a monoketone compound (preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms) which may have a ring, alkylene carbonate, alkyl alkoxyacetate, alkyl pyruvate and the like. Specific examples of these solvents include those described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0187860 [0441] to [0455].
- the solvent containing a hydroxyl group and the solvent not containing a hydroxyl group the above-mentioned exemplary compounds can be selected as appropriate.
- the solvent containing a hydroxyl group alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, alkyl lactate and the like are preferable, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether ( PGME, also known as 1-methoxy-2-propanol), methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and ethyl lactate are more preferred.
- alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate, alkyl alkoxypropionate, monoketone compound which may contain a ring, cyclic lactone, alkyl acetate and the like are preferable, and among these, propylene glycol monomethyl ether Acetate (PGMEA, also known as 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane), ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2-heptanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, cyclohexanone, butyl acetate are particularly preferred, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxypropionate, 2 -Heptanone is most preferred.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether Acetate
- ethyl ethoxypropionate 2-heptanone
- ⁇ -butyrolactone cyclohexanone
- the mixing ratio (mass) of the solvent containing a hydroxyl group and the solvent not containing a hydroxyl group is 1/99 to 99/1, preferably 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 60/40. .
- a mixed solvent containing 50% by mass or more of a solvent not containing a hydroxyl group is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of coating uniformity.
- the solvent preferably contains propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and is preferably a propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate single solvent or a mixed solvent of two or more containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- composition of the present invention may or may not further contain a surfactant.
- a surfactant When it is contained, it contains a fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactant (fluorine-based surfactant, silicon-based surfactant). It is more preferable to contain any one of surfactants, surfactants having both fluorine atoms and silicon atoms, or two or more thereof.
- composition of the present invention contains a surfactant
- a surfactant when using an exposure light source of 250 nm or less, particularly 220 nm or less, it is possible to provide a resist pattern with less adhesion and development defects with good sensitivity and resolution.
- the fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactant include surfactants described in paragraph [0276] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425.
- surfactants other than the fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants described in paragraph [0280] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425 may be used.
- the amount of the surfactant used is preferably 0.0001 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 1%, based on the total solid content of the composition. % By mass.
- the addition amount of the surfactant 10 ppm or less with respect to the total amount of the composition (excluding the solvent) the surface unevenness of the hydrophobic resin is increased, thereby making the resist film surface more hydrophobic. It is possible to improve water followability at the time of immersion exposure.
- composition of the present invention may or may not contain an onium carboxylate.
- carboxylic acid onium salts include those described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0187860 [0605] to [0606]. These carboxylic acid onium salts can be synthesized by reacting sulfonium hydroxide, iodonium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and carboxylic acid with silver oxide in a suitable solvent.
- the content thereof is generally 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 7% by mass.
- the composition of the present invention may further include an acid proliferator, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, an alkali-soluble resin, a dissolution inhibitor, and a compound that promotes solubility in a developer ( For example, a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, an alicyclic compound having a carboxyl group, or an aliphatic compound) can be contained.
- Such a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less can be obtained by referring to, for example, the methods described in JP-A-4-1222938, JP-A-2-28531, US Pat. No. 4,916,210, European Patent 219294, etc. It can be easily synthesized by those skilled in the art.
- alicyclic or aliphatic compounds having a carboxyl group include carboxylic acid derivatives having a steroid structure such as cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, adamantane carboxylic acid derivatives, adamantane dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cyclohexane Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, dicarboxylic acids.
- the composition of the present invention is preferably a resist film having a thickness of 80 nm or less from the viewpoint of improving resolution.
- a film thickness can be obtained by setting the solid content concentration in the composition to an appropriate range to give an appropriate viscosity and improving the coating property and film forming property.
- the solid content concentration of the composition in the present invention is usually 1.0 to 10% by mass, preferably 2.0 to 5.7% by mass, and more preferably 2.0 to 5.3% by mass.
- the solid content concentration is 10% by mass or less, preferably 5.7% by mass or less, which suppresses aggregation of the material in the resist solution, particularly the photoacid generator. As a result, it is considered that a uniform resist film was formed.
- the solid content concentration is a weight percentage of the weight of other resist components excluding the solvent with respect to the total weight of the composition.
- the above components are dissolved in a predetermined organic solvent, preferably the above mixed solvent, filtered, and then applied onto a predetermined support (substrate).
- the pore size of the filter used for filter filtration is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- filter filtration for example, as in JP-A-2002-62667, circulation filtration may be performed, or filtration may be performed by connecting a plurality of types of filters in series or in parallel.
- the composition may be filtered multiple times. Furthermore, you may perform a deaeration process etc. with respect to a composition before and behind filter filtration.
- the composition of the present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition whose properties change upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation. More specifically, the present invention relates to semiconductor manufacturing processes such as ICs, circuit boards such as liquid crystals and thermal heads, production of imprint mold structures, and other photofabrication processes, lithographic printing plates, acid-curing properties. The present invention relates to an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition used in the composition.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention includes at least the following steps. (I) forming a film (actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition film, composition film, resist film) on a substrate with the composition of the present invention; (Ii) a step (exposure step) of irradiating (exposing) active light or radiation to the film, and (iii) a step of developing the film irradiated with the active light or radiation using a developer (development step), At least.
- the exposure in the step (ii) may be immersion exposure.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention preferably includes (ii) a heating step after the (ii) exposure step.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include (ii) an exposure step a plurality of times.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include (iv) a heating step a plurality of times.
- the resist film of the present invention is formed from the above-described composition of the present invention. More specifically, the resist film is preferably a film formed by applying the composition on a substrate. In the pattern forming method of the present invention, the step of forming a film of the composition on the substrate, the step of exposing the film, and the developing step can be performed by generally known methods.
- the substrate on which the film is formed is not particularly limited, and silicon, SiN, inorganic substrates such as SiO 2 and SiN, coated inorganic substrates such as SOG, semiconductor manufacturing processes such as IC, liquid crystal, and thermal head
- a substrate generally used in a circuit board manufacturing process or other photofabrication lithography process can be used.
- an antireflection film may be formed between the resist film and the substrate. As the antireflection film, a known organic or inorganic antireflection film can be appropriately used.
- PB preheating step
- PEB post-exposure heating step
- the heating temperature is preferably 70 to 130 ° C., more preferably 80 to 120 ° C. for both PB and PEB.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 300 seconds, more preferably 30 to 180 seconds, and still more preferably 30 to 90 seconds. Heating can be performed by means provided in a normal exposure / developing machine, and may be performed using a hot plate or the like. The reaction of the exposed part is promoted by baking, and the sensitivity and pattern profile are improved.
- Infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, an electron beam, etc. can be mentioned, Preferably it is 250 nm or less.
- KrF excimer laser 248 nm
- ArF excimer laser (193 nm)
- F 2 excimer laser 157 nm
- X-ray EUV
- EUV 13 nm
- electron beam etc.
- KrF excimer laser, ArF excimer laser, EUV or electron beam are preferable, and ArF excimer laser is more preferable.
- the immersion exposure method can be applied in the step of performing exposure according to the present invention.
- the immersion exposure method can be combined with a super-resolution technique such as a phase shift method or a modified illumination method.
- the immersion exposure can be performed, for example, according to the method described in paragraphs [0594] to [0601] of JP2013-242397A.
- the receding contact angle of the resist film formed using the composition according to the present invention is too small, it cannot be suitably used for exposure through an immersion medium, and water residue defects are reduced. The effect of can not be fully demonstrated.
- the hydrophobic resin (D) in the composition.
- an immersion liquid hardly soluble film hereinafter also referred to as “top coat” formed of the above-described hydrophobic resin (D) may be provided on the upper layer of the resist film. The necessary functions for the top coat are appropriate application to the upper layer of the resist film and poor immersion liquid solubility.
- the top coat is not mixed with the composition film and can be uniformly applied to the upper layer of the composition film.
- the topcoat is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known topcoat can be formed by a conventionally known method. For example, based on the description in paragraphs [0072] to [0082] of JP-A-2014-059543 Can be formed.
- a developer containing an organic solvent is used in the development step described later, it is preferable to form a top coat containing a basic compound described in JP2013-61648A on the resist film. Further, even when the exposure is performed by a method other than the immersion exposure method, a top coat may be formed on the resist film.
- the immersion head In the immersion exposure process, the immersion head needs to move on the wafer following the movement of the exposure head to scan the wafer at high speed to form the exposure pattern.
- the contact angle of the immersion liquid with respect to the resist film is important, and the resist is required to follow the high-speed scanning of the exposure head without remaining droplets.
- the developer used in the step of developing the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive composition film formed using the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, a developer containing an alkali developer or an organic solvent (Hereinafter also referred to as an organic developer) can be used.
- the alkali developer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkali developers described in paragraph [0460] of JP-A-2014-048500.
- pure water can be used, and an appropriate amount of a surfactant can be added.
- the organic developer polar solvents and hydrocarbon solvents such as ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents and the like can be used. And those described in paragraphs [0461] to [0463] of JP-A-048500.
- the organic developer butyl butanoate and methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate may be used.
- a plurality of the above solvents may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with a solvent other than those described above or water.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 10% by mass, and more preferably substantially free of moisture. That is, the amount of the organic solvent used in the organic developer is preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and more preferably 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, with respect to the total amount of the developer.
- the organic developer is preferably a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents and ether solvents. .
- the vapor pressure of the organic developer is preferably 5 kPa or less, more preferably 3 kPa or less, and particularly preferably 2 kPa or less at 20 ° C.
- the vapor pressure of the organic developer is preferably 5 kPa or less, more preferably 3 kPa or less, and particularly preferably 2 kPa or less at 20 ° C.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, ionic or nonionic fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants can be used.
- fluorine and / or silicon surfactants include, for example, JP-A No. 62-36663, JP-A No. 61-226746, JP-A No. 61-226745, JP-A No. 62-170950, JP-A-63-34540, JP-A-7-230165, JP-A-8-62834, JP-A-9-54432, JP-A-9-5988, US Pat. No. 5,405,720, The surfactants described in US Pat. Nos.
- the amount of the surfactant used is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the developer.
- the organic developer may contain a basic compound.
- Specific examples and preferred examples of the basic compound that can be contained in the organic developer used in the present invention are the same as those in the basic compound that can be contained in the composition described above as the acid diffusion controller.
- a developing method for example, a method in which a substrate is immersed in a tank filled with a developer for a certain period of time (dip method), a method in which the developer is raised on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and is left stationary for a certain time (paddle) Method), a method of spraying the developer on the substrate surface (spray method), a method of continuously discharging the developer while scanning the developer discharge nozzle on the substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic dispensing method) Etc.
- the preferred range of the discharge pressure of the discharged developer and the method for adjusting the discharge pressure of the developer are not particularly limited. For example, paragraphs [0631] to [0631] to [0631] 0636] can be used.
- a step of developing using a developer containing an organic solvent (organic solvent developing step) and a step of developing using an alkaline aqueous solution (alkali developing step) are used in combination. Also good. Thereby, a finer pattern can be formed.
- organic solvent developing step organic solvent developing step
- alkali developing step a step of developing using an alkaline aqueous solution
- a portion with low exposure intensity is removed by the organic solvent development step, but a portion with high exposure strength is also removed by further performing the alkali development step.
- a pattern can be formed without dissolving only the intermediate exposure intensity region, so that a finer pattern than usual can be formed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-292975 [0077]. ] And the same mechanism).
- the order of the alkali development step and the organic solvent development step is not particularly limited, but it is more preferable to perform the alkali development before the organic solvent development step.
- the rinsing solution used in the rinsing step after the step of developing with a developer containing an organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as the resist pattern is not dissolved, and a solution containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- a rinsing liquid a rinsing liquid containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents and ether solvents should be used. Is preferred. Specific examples of the hydrocarbon solvent, the ketone solvent, the ester solvent, the alcohol solvent, the amide solvent, and the ether solvent are the same as those described in the developer containing an organic solvent.
- it contains at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, and amide solvents after the step of developing using a developer containing an organic solvent.
- a step of washing with a rinsing liquid is performed, more preferably, a step of washing with a rinsing liquid containing an alcohol solvent or an ester solvent is carried out, and particularly preferably, a rinsing liquid containing a monohydric alcohol is used. And, most preferably, the step of cleaning with a rinse solution containing a monohydric alcohol having 5 or more carbon atoms is performed.
- examples of the monohydric alcohol used in the rinsing step include linear, branched, and cyclic monohydric alcohols. Specific examples include 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-hexanol, cyclopentanol, 2-heptanol, 2 -Octanol, 3-hexanol, 3-heptanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol and the like can be used, and particularly preferable monohydric alcohols having 5 or more carbon atoms are 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 4-methyl- Use 2-pentanol, 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, etc. Can.
- a plurality of each component may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with an organic solvent other than the above.
- the water content in the rinse liquid is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less. By setting the water content to 10% by mass or less, good development characteristics can be obtained.
- the vapor pressure of the rinsing solution used after the step of developing with a developer containing an organic solvent is preferably 0.05 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, more preferably 0.1 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less at 20 ° C. 12 kPa or more and 3 kPa or less are the most preferable.
- the wafer that has been developed using the developer containing the organic solvent is cleaned using the rinse solution containing the organic solvent.
- the cleaning method is not particularly limited. For example, a method of continuing to discharge the rinse liquid onto the substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotary coating method), or immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinse liquid for a certain period of time. A method (dip method), a method of spraying a rinsing liquid onto the substrate surface (spray method), etc. can be applied. Among these, a cleaning process is performed by a spin coating method, and after cleaning, the substrate is rotated at a speed of 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm.
- the developing solution and the rinsing solution remaining between the patterns and inside the patterns are removed by baking.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually performed at 40 to 160 ° C., preferably 70 to 95 ° C., usually 10 seconds to 3 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 90 seconds.
- compositions or the like preferably does not contain impurities such as metals.
- the content of the metal component contained in these materials is preferably 10 ppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less, still more preferably 1 ppm or less, and particularly preferably (not more than the detection limit of the measuring device).
- Examples of a method for removing impurities such as metals from the various materials include filtration using a filter.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less, and still more preferably 5 nm or less.
- a filter made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon is preferable.
- filters having different pore diameters and / or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering a plurality of times may be a circulating filtration step.
- a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the various materials, and filter filtration is performed on the raw materials constituting the various materials. And the like.
- the preferable conditions for filter filtration performed on the raw materials constituting the various materials are the same as those described above.
- impurities may be removed by an adsorbent, or a combination of filter filtration and adsorbent may be used.
- adsorbent known adsorbents can be used.
- inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite
- organic adsorbents such as activated carbon
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device manufacturing method including the above-described pattern forming method of the present invention, and an electronic device manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- the electronic device of the present invention is suitably mounted on electrical and electronic equipment (home appliances, OA / media related equipment, optical equipment, communication equipment, etc.).
- the composition ratio (molar ratio; corresponding in order from the left) measured by 13 C-NMR was 40/30/30.
- the same operations as in Synthesis Example 1 were performed to synthesize the following resins B-2 to B-12 as the resin P.
- ⁇ Preparation of resist composition> The components shown in Table 1 below are dissolved in the solvents shown in the table, and a solution with a solid content of 4% by mass is prepared for each of the components, followed by filtration through a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.05 ⁇ m. Resist compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples) were prepared.
- the numerical value in parentheses represents the blending amount (g).
- the compounding quantity of resin is 10g in all the Examples and the comparative examples.
- the numerical value in parenthesis represents a compounding quantity (g).
- the numerical value in parentheses represents the blending amount (g).
- a numerical value represents mass ratio.
- the compounding amount of the surfactant is 10 mg.
- the obtained wafer was used with an ArF excimer laser immersion scanner (manufactured by ASML; XT1700i, NA1.20, C-Quad, outer sigma 0.880, inner sigma 0.790, XY polarized light) with a pitch of 136 nm and a light shielding part of 50 nm. Exposure was through a 6% halftone mask. Ultra pure water was used as the immersion liquid. Then, it heated at 85 degreeC for 60 second (PEB: Post Exposure Bake). Next, the film was developed by paddle with a negative developer (butyl acetate) for 30 seconds, and paddled with a rinse solution [methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC)] for 30 seconds for rinsing. Subsequently, the wafer was rotated at a rotational speed of 4000 rpm for 30 seconds to form a line and space pattern having a pitch of 136 nm and a space width of 35 nm.
- the obtained wafer was used with an ArF excimer laser immersion scanner (manufactured by ASML; XT1700i, NA 1.20, C-Quad, outer sigma 0.900, inner sigma 0.812, XY deflection) 1: Exposure was through a 6% halftone mask with a one line and space pattern. Ultra pure water was used as the immersion liquid. Then, it heated at 105 degreeC for 60 second (PEB: Post Exposure Bake). Subsequently, it was developed by paddling with butyl acetate for 30 seconds, and rinsed by padding with a rinsing solution [methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC)] for 30 seconds. Subsequently, the wafer was rotated at a rotational speed of 4000 rpm for 30 seconds to form a 1: 1 line and space pattern with a line width of 48 nm.
- MIBC methyl isobutyl carbinol
- the exposure focus conditions are changed in increments of 10 nm in the focus direction at the exposure amount for forming a line-and-space pattern with a pitch of 136 nm and a space width of 35 nm. Exposure and development are performed, and the space line width (CD) of each pattern obtained is measured using a line width measurement scanning electron microscope SEM (Hitachi, Ltd. S-9380), and the above CDs are plotted. The focus corresponding to the minimum value or maximum value of the curve obtained in this way was taken as the best focus.
- SEM line width measurement scanning electron microscope
- the composition ratio of the repeating unit is a molar ratio.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) are shown in Table 2 below. These were obtained by the same method as that for the resin B-1.
- the composition ratio of the repeating unit is a molar ratio.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) are shown in Table 3 below. These were obtained by the same method as that for the resin B-1.
- Table 4 shows the composition ratio (molar ratio; corresponding from the left), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of each repeating unit for each hydrophobic resin. These were obtained by the same method as that for the resin B-1.
- the surfactants are as follows.
- W-1 Megafuck F176 (manufactured by DIC Corporation) (fluorine-based)
- W-2 Megafuck R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation) (fluorine and silicon)
- the examples of the present invention containing the resin P had a large DOF and a small LWR.
- the LWR was smaller.
- Examples 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 to 12 in which the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2) is the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2-2) have a higher DOF. And the LWR was even smaller. From the comparison of Examples 1 to 17, Examples 1, 2, 4 to 4 in which the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2) is the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2-2) or (2-3).
- Examples 6 and 8 to 12 have higher DOF, and in particular, Examples 1, 2, 4, and 2 in which the repeating unit represented by the general formula (2) is a repeating unit represented by the general formula (2-2) 6 and 8-12 had higher DOF.
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Abstract
Description
そのようなレジスト組成物として、例えば、特許文献1には、「所定の繰り返し単位を含有する高分子化合物を含むベース樹脂、酸発生剤及び有機溶剤を含有するレジスト材料」が開示されている(請求項2、4、実施例)。
このようななか、本発明者らが特許文献1の実施例に記載のレジスト組成物について検討したところ、そのDOFやLWRは昨今求められているレベルを必ずしも満たさないことが明らかになった。
すなわち、本発明者らは、以下の構成により上記課題が解決できることを見出した。
上記樹脂Pが、後述する一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位p1、及び、後述する一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位p2を有し、
上記繰り返し単位p2が、ヒドロキシアダマンチル基のヒドロキシ基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する基で保護された基を有さない、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(2) 一般式(2)中、Rx1~Rx3の炭素数の合計が10以下である、上記(1)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(3) 上記繰り返し単位p2が、後述する一般式(2-1)で表される繰り返し単位p21である、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(4) 上記繰り返し単位p2が、後述する一般式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位p22である、上記(1)又は(2)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(5) 一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも1つが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、上記(4)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(6) 一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも2つが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、上記(4)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(7) 一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34の全てが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、上記(4)に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(8) (i)上記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物によって基板上に感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物膜を形成する工程、
(ii)上記膜に活性光線又は放射線を照射する工程、及び、
(iii)上記活性光線又は放射線が照射された膜を、現像液を用いて現像する工程、
を少なくとも有するパターン形成方法。
(9) 上記現像液が、有機溶剤を含む現像液である、上記(8)に記載のパターン形成方法。
(10) 上記(8)又は(9)に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
本明細書における基及び原子団の表記において、置換又は無置換を明示していない場合は、置換基を有さないものと置換基を有するものの双方が含まれるものとする。例えば、置換又は無置換を明示していない「アルキル基」は、置換基を有さないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含することとする。
本発明において「活性光線」又は「放射線」とは、例えば、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線等を意味する。また、本発明において「光」とは、活性光線又は放射線を意味する。
また、本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、X線、極紫外線(EUV光)などによる露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含まれるものとする。
本明細書では、「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、「アクリレート及びメタクリレートの少なくとも1種」を意味する。また、「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、「アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸の少なくとも1種」を意味する。
本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
ここで、上記樹脂Pは、後述する一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位p1、及び、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位p2を有し、上記繰り返し単位p2は、ヒドロキシアダマンチル基のヒドロキシ基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する基で保護された基を有さない。
本発明の組成物は、ネガ型の現像(露光部がパターンとして残り、未露光部が除去される現像)に用いてもよく、ポジ型の現像(露光部が除去され、未露光部がパターンとして残る現像)に用いてもよい。即ち、有機溶剤を含む現像液及びアルカリ現像液のいずれを用いて現像を行ってもよい。
また、本発明の組成物は、典型的には化学増幅型のレジスト組成物である。 まず、本発明の組成物に含有される各成分について説明し、その後、本発明の組成物を用いたパターン形成方法について詳述する。
樹脂Pは、後述する一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位p1、及び、後述する一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位p2を有する。
繰り返し単位p1は、下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位であり、通常、酸の作用によって分解し、酸素原子と第4級炭素原子との間の共有結合が切断され、カルボキシル基を生じる。
一般式(1)中のR2が表す第3級アルキル基としては、例えば、tert-ブチル基、tert-アミル基、トリエチルカルビル基、1-エチルノルボニル基、1-メチルシクロヘキシル基、1-エチルシクロペンチル基、2-(2-メチル)アダマンチル基、2-(2-エチル)アダマンチル基などが挙げられ、なかでも、tert-ブチル基、tert-アミル基が好ましい。
一般式(1)中のn1が表す正の整数としては、例えば、1~8の整数が挙げられ、1~4の整数が好ましく、1~3の整数がさらに好ましい。
なお、一般式(1)中の単環のシクロアルキル基は、置換可能な水素原子が置換基で置換されていてもよい。
上記樹脂Pの全繰り返し単位に対する、一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位p1の含有量は特に制限されないが、10~70モル%であることが好ましく、20~65モル%であることがより好ましく、30~65モル%であることが更に好ましく、35~60モル%であることが特に好ましい。
繰り返し単位p2は、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位であり、通常、酸の作用によって分解し、酸素原子と第4級炭素原子との間の共有結合が切断され、カルボキシル基を生じる。
なお、繰り返し単位p2は、上述した繰り返し単位p1以外の繰り返し単位である。
Tの2価の連結基としては、アルキレン基、-COO-Rt-基、-O-Rt-基等が挙げられる。式中、Rtは、アルキレン基又はシクロアルキレン基を表す。
Tは、単結合又は-COO-Rt-基が好ましい。Rtは、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基が好ましく、-CH2-基、-(CH2)2-基、-(CH2)3-基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基などの炭素数1~4のものが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などの単環のシクロアルキル基、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、アダマンチル基などの多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが互いに結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などの単環のシクロアルキル基、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、アダマンチル基などの多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基が特に好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが互いに結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
R22としては、例えば、直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基、又は、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル基などが挙げられる(ただし、第1級アルキル基又は第2級アルキル基に限る)。R22の具体例としては、上述した一般式(2)中のRx1~Rx3の具体例のうち第1級アルキル基又は第2級アルキル基に該当するものが挙げられる。
n2の具体例および好適な態様は、一般式(1)中のn1と同じである。
R32、R33及びR34の具体例としては、上述した一般式(2)中のRx1~Rx3の具体例のうち直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基に該当するものが挙げられる。
R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも1つは炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基であるのが好ましく、R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも2つは炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基であるのがより好ましく、R32、R33及びR34の全てが炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基であるのがさらに好ましい。
R42及びR43の具体例としては、上述した一般式(2)中のRx1~Rx3の具体例のうち直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基に該当するものが挙げられる。
R42は、直鎖状アルキル基であることが好ましく、より好ましくはメチル基又はエチル基であり、更に好ましくはメチル基である。
R43は、直鎖状アルキル基であることが好ましく、より好ましくはメチル基又はエチル基であり、更に好ましくはエチル基である。
一般式(2-3)中のアダマンチル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
ヒドロキシアダマンチル基は、アダマンチル基が有する置換可能な水素原子がヒドロキシ基で置換された基であって、ヒドロキシアダマンチル基が有するヒドロキシ基の個数は特に限定されない。ヒドロキシアダマンチル基の具体例を以下に示すが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。ここで、*は結合位置を表す。
式中、R36~R39は、各々独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基又はアルケニル基を表す。R36とR37とは、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R01及びR02は、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基又はアルケニル基を表す。保護ヒドロキシアダマンチル基の具体例を以下に示すが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。ここで、*は結合位置を表す。
このことは後述する比較例が示すように、保護ヒドロキシアダマンチル基を有する場合(比較例3~5)には、DOFが小さく、また、LWRが大きくなることからも推測される。
上記樹脂Pの全繰り返し単位に対する、一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位p2の含有量は特に制限されないが、5~50モル%であることが好ましく、10~40モル%であることがより好ましい。
樹脂Pは、上述した繰り返し単位p1および繰り返し単位p2以外に、ラクトン構造、スルトン(環状スルホン酸エステル)構造、及び、カーボネート構造の少なくともいずれかを有する繰り返し単位(b)を含むのが好ましい。なお、繰り返し単位(b)は、上述した繰り返し単位p1および繰り返し単位p2以外の繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。
繰り返し単位(b)としては、上記構造を有する繰り返し単位であれば特に限定されないが、本発明の効果がより優れるという理由から、(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位であるのが好ましい。
また、上記樹脂Pが含有する繰り返し単位(b)は、1種であってもよいし2種以上を併用していてもよいが、本発明の効果がより優れるという理由から、1種であるのが好ましい。すなわち、上記樹脂Pは、繰り返し単位(b)として、1種の繰り返し単位(b)のみを含有するのが好ましい。
上記樹脂Pの全繰り返し単位に対する、上記繰り返し単位(b)の含有量は、繰り返し単位(b)が有する構造にもよるが、例えば、3~80モル%が挙げられ、3~60モル%が好ましい。
以下に、繰り返し単位(b)の好適態様について、説明する。
ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造としては、好ましくは5~7員環のラクトン構造又はスルトン構造であり、5~7員環のラクトン構造又はスルトン構造にビシクロ構造、スピロ構造を形成する形で他の環構造が縮環しているものが好ましい。下記一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-17)、(SL1-1)及び(SL1-2)のいずれかで表されるラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する繰り返し単位を有することがより好ましい。また、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造が主鎖に直接結合していてもよい。好ましいラクトン構造又はスルトン構造としては(LC1-1)、(LC1-4)、(LC1-5)、(LC1-8)であり、(LC1-4)であることがより好ましい。特定のラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を用いることでLWR、現像欠陥が良好になる。
樹脂Pは、下記一般式(III)で表されるラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する繰り返し単位を含有することが好ましい。
Aは、エステル結合(-COO-で表される基)又はアミド結合(-CONH-で表される基)を表す。
R0は、複数個ある場合には各々独立にアルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、又はその組み合わせを表す。
Zは、複数個ある場合には各々独立に、単結合、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合、ウレタン結合
又はウレア結合
を表す。ここで、Rは、各々独立して水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
R8は、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する1価の有機基を表す。
nは、-R0-Z-で表される構造の繰り返し数であり、0~2の整数を表す。
R7は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又はアルキル基を表す。
Zは好ましくは、エーテル結合、エステル結合であり、特に好ましくはエステル結合である。
R0における好ましい鎖状アルキレン基としては炭素数が1~10の鎖状のアルキレンが好ましく、より好ましくは炭素数1~5であり、例えば、メチレン基、エチレン基、プロピレン基等が挙げられる。好ましいシクロアルキレン基としては、炭素数3~20のシクロアルキレン基であり、例えば、シクロヘキシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、ノルボルニレン基、アダマンチレン基等が挙げられる。本発明の効果を発現するためには鎖状アルキレン基がより好ましく、メチレン基が特に好ましい。
また、R8は無置換のラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する1価の有機基、或いはメチル基、シアノ基又はアルコキシカルボニル基を置換基として有するラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する1価の有機基が好ましく、シアノ基を置換基として有するラクトン構造(シアノラクトン)又はスルトン構造(シアノスルトン)を有する1価の有機基がより好ましい。
一般式(III)において、nが0であることが好ましい。
下記具体例中、Rは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基又はハロゲン原子を表し、好ましくは、水素原子、メチル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、アセトキシメチル基を表す。
下記式中、Meはメチル基を表す。
R7、A、R0、Z、及びnは、上記一般式(III)と同義である。
R7’、A’、R0’、Z’及びn’は、上記一般式(III)におけるR7、A、R0、Z及びnと各々同義である。
R9は、複数個ある場合には各々独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、水酸基又はアルコキシ基を表し、複数個ある場合には2つのR9が結合し、環を形成していてもよい。
R9’は、複数個ある場合には各々独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、水酸基又はアルコキシ基を表し、複数個ある場合には2つのR9’が結合し、環を形成していてもよい。
X及びX’は、各々独立にアルキレン基、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表す。
m及びm’は、置換基数であって、各々独立に0~5の整数を表す。m及びm’は各々独立に0又は1であることが好ましい。
X及びX’のアルキレン基としてはメチレン基、エチレン基等が挙げられる。X及びX’は酸素原子又はメチレン基であることが好ましく、メチレン基であることが更に好ましい。
m及びm’が1以上である場合、少なくとも1つのR9及びR9’はラクトンのカルボニル基のα位又はβ位に置換することが好ましく、特にα位に置換することが好ましい。
ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する繰り返し単位の具体例として、上記に挙げた具体例に加え、以下を挙げるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
一般式(III)で表される繰り返し単位以外のラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は、複数種類含有する場合は合計して樹脂中の全繰り返し単位に対し、15~60モル%が好ましく、より好ましくは20~50モル%、更に好ましくは30~50モル%である。
本発明の効果を高めるために、一般式(III)から選ばれる2種以上のラクトン又はスルトン繰り返し単位を併用することも可能である。併用する場合には一般式(III)の内、nが1であるラクトン又はスルトン繰り返し単位から2種以上を選択し併用することが好ましい。
カーボネート構造(環状炭酸エステル構造)は、環を構成する原子群として-O-C(=O)-O-で表される結合を含む環を有する構造である。環を構成する原子群として-O-C(=O)-O-で表される結合を含む環は、5~7員環であることが好ましく、5員環であることが最も好ましい。このような環は、他の環と縮合し、縮合環を形成していてもよい。
樹脂Pは、カーボネート構造(環状炭酸エステル構造)を有する繰り返し単位として、下記一般式(A-1)で表される繰り返し単位を含有することが好ましい。
RA 19は、各々独立して、水素原子又は鎖状炭化水素基を表す。
Aは、単結合、2価若しくは3価の鎖状炭化水素基、2価若しくは3価の脂環式炭化水素基又は2価若しくは3価の芳香族炭化水素基を表し、Aが3価の場合、Aに含まれる炭素原子と環状炭酸エステルを構成する炭素原子とが結合されて、環構造が形成されている。
nAは2~4の整数を表す。
RA 19は、各々独立して、水素原子又は鎖状炭化水素基を表す。RA 19で表される鎖状炭化水素基は、炭素数1~5の鎖状炭化水素基であることが好ましい。「炭素数1~5の鎖状炭化水素基」としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基等の炭素数1~5の直鎖状アルキル基;イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、t-ブチル基等の炭素数3~5の分岐状アルキル基;等を挙げることができる。鎖状炭化水素基はヒドロキシル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。
RA 19は、水素原子を表すことが最も好ましい。
nAは、2又は3であることが好ましく、2であることがより好ましい。
上記2価若しくは3価の鎖状炭化水素基は、炭素数が1~30である2価若しくは3価の鎖状炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
上記2価若しくは3価の脂環式炭化水素基は、炭素数が3~30である2価若しくは3価の脂環式炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
上記2価若しくは3価の芳香族炭化水素基は、炭素数が6~30である2価若しくは3価の芳香族炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
なお、以下の具体例中のRA 1は、一般式(A-1)におけるRA 1と同義である。
樹脂Pにおいて、カーボネート構造(環状炭酸エステル構造)を有する繰り返し単位(好ましくは、一般式(A-1)で表される繰り返し単位)の含有率は、樹脂Pを構成する全繰り返し単位に対して、3~80モル%であることが好ましく、3~60モル%であることが更に好ましく、3~30モル%であることが特に好ましく、10~15モル%であることが最も好ましい。
上記樹脂Pは、その他の繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。
例えば、樹脂Pは、水酸基又はシアノ基を有する繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。このような繰り返し単位としては、例えば、特開2014-098921号公報の段落[0081]~[0084]に記載された繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
これにより、本発明の組成物に用いられる樹脂に要求される性能、特に、(1)塗布溶剤に対する溶解性、(2)製膜性(ガラス転移点)、(3)アルカリ現像性、(4)膜べり(親疎水性、アルカリ可溶性基選択)、(5)未露光部の基板への密着性、(6)ドライエッチング耐性、等の微調整が可能となる。
その他にも、上記種々の繰り返し構造単位に相当する単量体と共重合可能である付加重合性の不飽和化合物であれば、共重合されていてもよい。
本発明の組成物に用いられる樹脂Pにおいて、各繰り返し構造単位の含有モル比はレジストのドライエッチング耐性や標準現像液適性、基板密着性、レジストプロファイル、更にはレジストの一般的な必要性能である解像力、耐熱性、感度等を調節するために適宜設定される。
重合反応は窒素やアルゴンなど不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われることが好ましい。重合開始剤としては市販のラジカル開始剤(アゾ系開始剤、パーオキサイドなど)を用いて重合を開始させる。ラジカル開始剤としてはアゾ系開始剤が好ましく、エステル基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基を有するアゾ系開始剤が好ましい。好ましい開始剤としては、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスジメチルバレロニトリル、ジメチル2,2‘-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート)などが挙げられる。所望により開始剤を追加、あるいは分割で添加し、反応終了後、溶剤に投入して粉体あるいは固形回収等の方法で所望のポリマーを回収する。反応の濃度は5~50質量%であり、好ましくは10~30質量%である。反応温度は、通常10℃~150℃であり、好ましくは30℃~120℃、更に好ましくは60~100℃である。
分散度(分子量分布)は、通常1.0~3.0であり、好ましくは1.0~2.6、更に好ましくは1.0~2.0、特に好ましくは1.1~2.0の範囲のものが使用される。分子量分布の小さいものほど、解像度、レジスト形状が優れ、且つレジストパターンの側壁がスムーズであり、ラフネス性に優れる。
また、樹脂Pは、1種で使用してもよいし、複数併用してもよい。
本発明の組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(以下、「酸発生剤」ともいう)を含有する。酸発生剤としては、特に限定されないが、活性光線又は放射線の照射により有機酸を発生する化合物であることが好ましい。
酸発生剤としては、光カチオン重合の光開始剤、光ラジカル重合の光開始剤、色素類の光消色剤、光変色剤、あるいはマイクロレジスト等に使用されている、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する公知の化合物及びそれらの混合物を適宜に選択して使用することができ、例えば、特開2010-61043号公報の段落[0039]~[0103]に記載されている化合物、特開2013-4820号公報の段落[0284]~[0389]に記載されている化合物などが挙げられるが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
たとえば、ジアゾニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩、イミドスルホネート、オキシムスルホネート、ジアゾジスルホン、ジスルホン、o-ニトロベンジルスルホネートを挙げることができる。
一般式(3)中、
Xfは、各々独立に、フッ素原子、又は、少なくとも一つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表す。
R4及びR5は、各々独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、アルキル基、又は、少なくとも一つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基を表し、複数存在する場合のR4、R5は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Lは、2価の連結基を表し、複数存在する場合のLは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Wは、環状構造を含む有機基を表す。
oは、1~3の整数を表す。pは、0~10の整数を表す。qは、0~10の整数を表す。
Xfは、好ましくは、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基である。Xfは、フッ素原子又はCF3であることがより好ましい。特に、双方のXfがフッ素原子であることが好ましい。
R4及びR5としてのアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよく、炭素数1~4のものが好ましい。R4及びR5は、好ましくは水素原子である。
少なくとも一つのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基の具体例および好適な態様は一般式(3)中のXfの具体例および好適な態様と同じである。
2価の連結基としては、例えば、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~10)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)又はこれらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CO-、-O-、-SO2-、-COO-アルキレン基-、-OCO-アルキレン基-、-CONH-アルキレン基-又は-NHCO-アルキレン基-が好ましく、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-SO2-、-COO-アルキレン基-又は-OCO-アルキレン基-がより好ましい。
環状の有機基としては、例えば、脂環基、アリール基、及び複素環基が挙げられる。
脂環基は、単環式であってもよく、多環式であってもよい。単環式の脂環基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及びシクロオクチル基などの単環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。多環式の脂環基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基などの多環のシクロアルキル基が挙げられる。中でも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及びアダマンチル基などの炭素数7以上のかさ高い構造を有する脂環基が、PEB(露光後加熱)工程での膜中拡散性の抑制及びMEEF(Mask Error Enhancement Factor)の向上の観点から好ましい。
複素環基は、単環式であってもよく、多環式であってもよいが、多環式の方がより酸の拡散を抑制可能である。また、複素環基は、芳香族性を有していてもよく、芳香族性を有していなくてもよい。芳香族性を有している複素環としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、及びピリジン環が挙げられる。芳香族性を有していない複素環としては、例えば、テトラヒドロピラン環、ラクトン環、スルトン環及びデカヒドロイソキノリン環が挙げられる。複素環基における複素環としては、フラン環、チオフェン環、ピリジン環、又はデカヒドロイソキノリン環が特に好ましい。また、ラクトン環及びスルトン環の例としては、前述の樹脂Pにおいて例示したラクトン構造及びスルトン構造が挙げられる。
一態様において、一般式(3)中のoが1~3の整数であり、pが1~10の整数であり、qが0であることが好ましい。Xfは、フッ素原子であることが好ましく、R4及びR5は共に水素原子であることが好ましく、Wは多環式の炭化水素基であることが好ましい。oは1又は2であることがより好ましく、1であることが更に好ましい。pが1~3の整数であることがより好ましく、1又は2であることが更に好ましく、1が特に好ましい。Wは多環のシクロアルキル基であることがより好ましく、アダマンチル基又はジアマンチル基であることが更に好ましい。
一般式(3)中、X+は、カチオンを表す。
X+は、カチオンであれば特に制限されないが、好適な態様としては、例えば、後述する一般式(ZI)、(ZII)又は(ZIII)中のカチオン(Z-以外の部分)が挙げられる。
特定酸発生剤の好適な態様としては、例えば、下記一般式(ZI)、(ZII)又は(ZIII)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
R201、R202及びR203は、各々独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、一般的に1~30、好ましくは1~20である。
また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル結合、アミド結合、カルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)を挙げることができる。
Z-は、一般式(3)中のアニオンを表し、具体的には、下記のアニオンを表す。
なお、一般式(ZI)で表される構造を複数有する化合物であってもよい。例えば、一般式(ZI)で表される化合物のR201~R203の少なくとも1つが、一般式(ZI)で表されるもうひとつの化合物のR201~R203の少なくとも一つと、単結合又は連結基を介して結合した構造を有する化合物であってもよい。
化合物(ZI-1)は、上記一般式(ZI)のR201~R203の少なくとも1つがアリール基である、アリールスルホニウム化合物、即ち、アリールスルホニウムをカチオンとする化合物である。
アリールスルホニウム化合物は、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基で、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基でもよい。
アリールスルホニウム化合物としては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウム化合物、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウム化合物、アリールジアルキルスルホニウム化合物、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウム化合物、アリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウム化合物を挙げることができる。
アリールスルホニウム化合物が必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基及び炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロヘキシル基等を挙げることができる。
化合物(ZI-2)は、式(ZI)におけるR201~R203が、各々独立に、芳香環を有さない有機基を表す化合物である。ここで芳香環とは、ヘテロ原子を含有する芳香族環も包含するものである。
R201~R203としての芳香環を含有しない有機基は、一般的に炭素数1~30、好ましくは炭素数1~20である。
R201~R203は、各々独立に、好ましくはアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基、ビニル基であり、更に好ましくは直鎖又は分岐の2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニルメチル基、特に好ましくは直鎖又は分岐2-オキソアルキル基である。
R201~R203は、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~5)、水酸基、シアノ基、ニトロ基によって更に置換されていてもよい。
化合物(ZI-3)とは、以下の一般式(ZI-3)で表される化合物であり、フェナシルスルフォニウム塩構造を有する化合物である。
R1c~R5cは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、アルキルチオ基又はアリールチオ基を表す。
R6c及びR7cは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又はアリール基を表す。
Rx及びRyは、各々独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基、アリル基又はビニル基を表す。
上記環構造としては、芳香族若しくは非芳香族の炭化水素環、芳香族若しくは非芳香族の複素環、又は、これらの環が2つ以上組み合わされてなる多環縮合環を挙げることができる。環構造としては、3~10員環を挙げることができ、4~8員環であることが好ましく、5又は6員環であることがより好ましい。
R5cとR6c、及び、R5cとRxが結合して形成する基としては、単結合又はアルキレン基であることが好ましく、アルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基等を挙げることができる。
Zc-は、一般式(3)中のアニオンを表し、具体的には、上述のとおりである。
R1c~R5cとしてのアルキルカルボニルオキシ基及びアルキルチオ基におけるアルキル基の具体例は、上記R1c~R5cとしてのアルキル基の具体例と同様である。
R1c~R5cとしてのシクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基におけるシクロアルキル基の具体例は、上記R1c~R5cとしてのシクロアルキル基の具体例と同様である。
R1c~R5cとしてのアリールオキシ基及びアリールチオ基におけるアリール基の具体例は、上記R1c~R5cとしてのアリール基の具体例と同様である。
化合物(ZI-4)は、下記一般式(ZI-4)で表される。
R13は水素原子、フッ素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又はシクロアルキル基を有する基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R14は、複数存在する場合は各々独立して、水酸基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、シクロアルキルスルホニル基、又はシクロアルキル基を有する基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R15は各々独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はナフチル基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。2個のR15が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2個のR15が互いに結合して環を形成するとき、環骨格内に、酸素原子、窒素原子などのヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。一態様において、2個のR15がアルキレン基であり、互いに結合して環構造を形成することが好ましい。
lは0~2の整数を表す。
rは0~8の整数を表す。
Z-は、一般式(3)中のアニオンを表し、具体的には、上述のとおりである。
本発明における一般式(ZI-4)で表される化合物のカチオンとしては、特開2010-256842号公報の段落[0121]、[0123]、[0124]、及び、特開2011-76056号公報の段落[0127]、[0129]、[0130]等に記載のカチオンを挙げることができる。
一般式(ZII)、(ZIII)中、R204~R207は、各々独立に、アリール基、アルキル基又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
R204~R207のアリール基としてはフェニル基、ナフチル基が好ましく、更に好ましくはフェニル基である。R204~R207のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子等を有する複素環構造を有するアリール基であってもよい。複素環構造を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、ベンゾチオフェン等を挙げることができる。
R204~R207におけるアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基としては、好ましくは、炭素数1~10の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基)、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、ノルボニル基)を挙げることができる。
Z-は、一般式(3)中のアニオンを表し、具体的には、上述のとおりである。
酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量は3000以下が好ましく、2000以下がより好ましく、1000以下が更に好ましい。
酸発生剤が、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、前述した樹脂Pの一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂Pとは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
酸発生剤は、公知の方法で合成することができ、例えば、特開2007-161707号公報に記載の方法に準じて合成することができる。
酸発生剤は、1種類単独又は2種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
酸発生剤の組成物中の含有量(複数種存在する場合はその合計)は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.1~30質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.5~25質量%、更に好ましくは3~20質量%、特に好ましくは3~15質量%である。
また、酸発生剤が上記一般式(ZI-3)又は(ZI-4)により表される特定酸発生剤である場合(複数種存在する場合はその合計)には、その含有量は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、5~35質量%が好ましく、8~30質量%がより好ましく、9~30質量%が更に好ましく、9~25質量%が特に好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、疎水性樹脂(以下、「疎水性樹脂(D)」又は単に「樹脂(D)」ともいう)を含有してもよい。なお、疎水性樹脂(D)は樹脂Pとは異なることが好ましい。
疎水性樹脂(D)は、界面に偏在するように設計されることが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性/非極性物質を均一に混合することに寄与しなくてもよい。
疎水性樹脂を添加することの効果として、水に対するレジスト膜表面の静的/動的な接触角の制御、液浸液追随性の向上、アウトガスの抑制などを挙げることができる。
疎水性樹脂(D)が、フッ素原子及び/又は珪素原子を含む場合、疎水性樹脂(D)に於ける上記フッ素原子及び/又は珪素原子は、樹脂の主鎖中に含まれていてもよく、側鎖中に含まれていてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10、より好ましくは炭素数1~4)は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖又は分岐アルキル基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するシクロアルキル基及びフッ素原子を有するアリール基は、それぞれ、1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたシクロアルキル基及びフッ素原子を有するアリール基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
R57~R68は、各々独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子又はアルキル基(直鎖若しくは分岐)を表す。但し、R57~R61の少なくとも1つ、R62~R64の少なくとも1つ、及びR65~R68の少なくとも1つは、各々独立に、フッ素原子又は少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~4)を表す。
R57~R61及びR65~R67は、全てがフッ素原子であることが好ましい。R62、R63及びR68は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~4)が好ましく、炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基であることが更に好ましい。R62とR63は、互いに連結して環を形成してもよい。
フッ素原子又は珪素原子を有する繰り返し単位の例としては、US2012/0251948A1〔0519〕に例示されたものを挙げることが出来る。
ここで、疎水性樹脂(D)中の側鎖部分が有するCH3部分構造(以下、単に「側鎖CH3部分構造」ともいう)には、エチル基、プロピル基等が有するCH3部分構造を包含するものである。
一方、疎水性樹脂(D)の主鎖に直接結合しているメチル基(例えば、メタクリル酸構造を有する繰り返し単位のα-メチル基)は、主鎖の影響により疎水性樹脂(D)の表面偏在化への寄与が小さいため、本発明におけるCH3部分構造に包含されないものとする。
一方、C-C主鎖から何らかの原子を介して存在するCH3部分構造は、本発明におけるCH3部分構造に該当するものとする。例えば、R11がエチル基(CH2CH3)である場合、本発明におけるCH3部分構造を「1つ」有するものとする。
R11~R14は、各々独立に、側鎖部分を表す。
側鎖部分のR11~R14としては、水素原子、1価の有機基などが挙げられる。
R11~R14についての1価の有機基としては、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基、シクロアルキルオキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アルキルアミノカルボニル基、シクロアルキルアミノカルボニル基、アリールアミノカルボニル基などが挙げられ、これらの基は、更に置換基を有していてもよい。
Xb1は、水素原子又はメチル基であることが好ましい。
R2としては、1つ以上のCH3部分構造を有する、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アリール基、及び、アラルキル基が挙げられる。上記のシクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アリール基、及び、アラルキル基は、更に、置換基としてアルキル基を有していてもよい。
R2は、1つ以上のCH3部分構造を有する、アルキル基又はアルキル置換シクロアルキル基が好ましい。
R2としての1つ以上のCH3部分構造を有する酸に安定な有機基は、CH3部分構造を2個以上10個以下有することが好ましく、2個以上8個以下有することがより好ましい。
一般式(II)で表される繰り返し単位の好ましい具体例を以下に挙げる。なお、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
以下、一般式(III)で表される繰り返し単位について詳細に説明する。
Xb2のアルキル基は、炭素数1~4のものが好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヒドロキシメチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基等が挙げられるが、水素原子である事が好ましい。
Xb2は、水素原子であることが好ましい。
R3は、酸に対して安定な有機基であるため、より具体的には、上記樹脂Pにおいて説明した“酸分解性基”を有さない有機基であることが好ましい。
R3としての1つ以上のCH3部分構造を有する酸に安定な有機基は、CH3部分構造を1個以上10個以下有することが好ましく、1個以上8個以下有することがより好ましく、1個以上4個以下有することが更に好ましい。
nは1から5の整数を表し、1~3の整数を表すことがより好ましく、1又は2を表すことが更に好ましい。
(x)酸基、
(y)ラクトン構造を有する基、酸無水物基、又は酸イミド基、
(z)酸の作用により分解する基
好ましい酸基としては、フッ素化アルコール基(好ましくはヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール)、スルホンイミド基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基が挙げられる。
酸基(x)を有する繰り返し単位の含有量は、疎水性樹脂(D)中の全繰り返し単位に対し、1~50モル%が好ましく、より好ましくは3~35モル%、更に好ましくは5~20モル%である。
酸基(x)を有する繰り返し単位の具体例を以下に示すが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。式中、Rxは水素原子、CH3、CF3、又は、CH2OHを表す。
これらの基を含んだ繰り返し単位は、例えば、アクリル酸エステル及びメタクリル酸エステルによる繰り返し単位等の、樹脂の主鎖に直接この基が結合している繰り返し単位である。或いは、この繰り返し単位は、この基が連結基を介して樹脂の主鎖に結合している繰り返し単位であってもよい。或いは、この繰り返し単位は、この基を有する重合開始剤又は連鎖移動剤を重合時に用いて、樹脂の末端に導入されていてもよい。
ラクトン構造を有する基を有する繰り返し単位としては、例えば、先に樹脂Pの項で説明したラクトン構造を有する繰り返し単位と同様のものが挙げられる。
疎水性樹脂(D)は、更に、上述した繰り返し単位とは別の繰り返し単位を有していてもよい。
また、疎水性樹脂(D)は、1種で使用してもよいし、複数併用してもよい。
疎水性樹脂(D)の組成物中の含有量は、本発明の組成物中の全固形分に対し、0.01~10質量%が好ましく、0.05~8質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、酸拡散制御剤を含有することが好ましい。酸拡散制御剤は、露光時に酸発生剤等から発生する酸をトラップし、余分な発生酸による、未露光部における酸分解性樹脂の反応を抑制するクエンチャーとして作用するものである。酸拡散制御剤としては、塩基性化合物、窒素原子を有し、酸の作用により脱離する基を有する低分子化合物、活性光線又は放射線の照射により塩基性が低下又は消失する塩基性化合物、又は、酸発生剤に対して相対的に弱酸となるオニウム塩を使用することができる。
R200、R201及びR202は、同一でも異なってもよく、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20)又はアリール基(炭素数6~20)を表し、ここで、R201とR202は、互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
R203、R204、R205及びR206は、同一でも異なってもよく、炭素数1~20個のアルキル基を表す。
これら一般式(A)及び(E)中のアルキル基は、無置換であることがより好ましい。
好ましい化合物の具体例としては、US2012/0219913A1 [0379]に例示された化合物を挙げることができる。
好ましい塩基性化合物として、更に、フェノキシ基を有するアミン化合物、フェノキシ基を有するアンモニウム塩化合物、スルホン酸エステル基を有するアミン化合物及びスルホン酸エステル基を有するアンモニウム塩化合物を挙げることができる。
これらの塩基性化合物は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
酸発生剤と塩基性化合物の組成物中の使用割合は、酸発生剤/塩基性化合物(モル比)=2.5~300が好ましく、より好ましくは5.0~200、更に好ましくは7.0~150である。
酸の作用により脱離する基として、アセタール基、カルボネート基、カルバメート基、3級エステル基、3級水酸基、ヘミアミナールエーテル基が好ましく、カルバメート基、ヘミアミナールエーテル基であることが特に好ましい。
化合物(C)の分子量は、100~1000が好ましく、100~700がより好ましく、100~500が特に好ましい。
化合物(C)は、窒素原子上に保護基を有するカルバメート基を有してもよい。カルバメート基を構成する保護基としては、下記一般式(d-1)で表すことができる。
Rbは、各々独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数3~30)、アラルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)、又はアルコキシアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10)を表す。Rbは相互に連結して環を形成していてもよい。
Rbが示すアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基は、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、ピロリジノ基、ピペリジノ基、モルホリノ基、オキソ基等の官能基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。Rbが示すアルコキシアルキル基についても同様である。
2つのRbが相互に連結して形成する環としては、脂環式炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基、複素環式炭化水素基若しくはその誘導体等が挙げられる。
一般式(d-1)で表される基の具体的な構造としては、US2012/0135348 A1 [0466]に開示された構造を挙げることができるが、これに限定されるものではない。
Rbは、上記一般式(d-1)におけるRbと同義であり、好ましい例も同様である。
lは0~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、l+m=3を満たす。
一般式(6)において、Raとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基は、Rbとしてのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基が置換されていてもよい基として前述した基と同様な基で置換されていてもよい。
本発明における特に好ましい化合物(C)の具体的としては、US2012/0135348 A1 [0475]に開示された化合物を挙げることができるが、これに限定されるものではない。
本発明において、酸の作用により脱離する基を窒素原子上に有する低分子化合物(C)は、一種単独でも又は2種以上を混合しても使用することができる。
本発明の組成物における化合物(C)の含有量は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.001~20質量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.001~10質量%、更に好ましくは0.01~5質量%である。
プロトンアクセプター性は、pH測定を行うことによって確認することができる。
Qは、-SO3H、-CO2H、又は-W1NHW2Rfを表す。ここで、Rfは、アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20)、シクロアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数3~20)又はアリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30)を表し、W1及びW2は、各々独立に、-SO2-又は-CO-を表す。
Aは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Xは、-SO2-又は-CO-を表す。
nは、0又は1を表す。
Bは、単結合、酸素原子、又は-N(Rx)Ry-を表す。ここで、Rxは水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、Ryは単結合又は2価の有機基を表す。Rxは、Ryと結合して環を形成していてもよく、Rと結合して環を形成していてもよい。
Rは、プロトンアクセプター性官能基を有する1価の有機基を表す。
Aにおける2価の連結基としては、好ましくは少なくとも1つのフッ素原子を有するアルキレン基であり、パーフロロエチレン基、パーフロロプロピレン基、パーフロロブチレン基などのパーフルオロアルキレン基がより好ましい。
Rxにおけるアルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数1~20の直鎖及び分岐アルキル基であり、アルキル鎖中に酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子を有していてもよい。
Rxにおけるシクロアルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数3~20の単環又は多環シクロアルキル基であり、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、窒素原子を有していてもよい。
Rxにおけるアリール基としては、好ましくは炭素数6~14のものが挙げられ、例えば、フェニル基及びナフチル基等が挙げられる。
Rxにおけるアラルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数7~20のものが挙げられ、例えば、ベンジル基及びフェネチル基等が挙げられる。
Rxにおけるアルケニル基は、炭素数が3~20が好ましく、例えば、ビニル基、アリル基及びスチリル基等が挙げられる。
RxとRyが互いに結合して形成してもよい環構造としては、窒素原子を含む5~10員の環が挙げられる。
このような構造を有する有機基として、好ましい炭素数は4~30の有機基であり、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基などを挙げることができる。
単環式構造としては、窒素原子を含む4~8員環等を挙げることができる。多環式構造としては、2又は3以上の単環式構造の組み合わせから成る構造を挙げることができる。
化合物(PA)として、好ましくは下記一般式(4)~(6)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
C+はカウンターカチオンを示す。
カウンターカチオンとしては、オニウムカチオンが好ましい。より詳しくは、酸発生剤における一般式(ZI)におけるS+(R201)(R202)(R203)として説明されているスルホニウムカチオン、一般式(ZII)におけるI+(R204)(R205)として説明されているヨードニウムカチオンが好ましい例として挙げられる。
化合物(PA)の具体例としては、US2011/0269072A1 [0280]に例示された化合物を挙げることが出来る。
mは1又は2を表し、nは1又は2を表す。但し、Aが硫黄原子の時、m+n=3、Aがヨウ素原子の時、m+n=2である。
Rは、アリール基を表す。
RNは、プロトンアクセプター性官能基で置換されたアリール基を表す。X-は、対アニオンを表す。
X-の具体例としては、前述した酸発生剤のアニオンと同様のものを挙げることができる。
R及びRNのアリール基の具体例としては、フェニル基が好ましく挙げられる。
以下に、カチオン部にプロトンアクセプター部位を有するイオン性化合物の具体例としては、US2011/0269072A1[0291]に例示された化合物を挙げることが出来る。
なお、このような化合物は、例えば、特開2007―230913号公報及び特開2009―122623号公報などに記載の方法を参考にして合成できる。
化合物(PA)の含有量は、組成物の全固形分を基準として、0.1~10質量%が好ましく、1~8質量%がより好ましい。
酸発生剤と、酸発生剤から生じた酸に対して相対的に弱酸である酸を発生するオニウム塩を混合して用いた場合、活性光線性又は放射線の照射により酸発生剤から生じた酸が未反応の弱酸アニオンを有するオニウム塩と衝突すると、塩交換により弱酸を放出して強酸アニオンを有するオニウム塩を生じる。この過程で強酸がより触媒能の低い弱酸に交換されるため、見かけ上、酸が失活して酸拡散の制御を行うことができる。
一般式(d1‐2)で表される化合物のアニオン部の好ましい例としては、特開2012-242799号公報の段落〔0201〕に例示された構造を挙げることが出来る。
一般式(d1‐3)で表される化合物のアニオン部の好ましい例としては、特開2012-242799号公報の段落〔0209〕及び〔0210〕に例示された構造を挙げることが出来る。
化合物(CA)としては、下記一般式(C-1)~(C-3)のいずれかで表される化合物であることが好ましい。
R1、R2、R3は、炭素数1以上の置換基を表す。
L1は、カチオン部位とアニオン部位を連結する2価の連結基又は単結合を表す。
-X-は、-COO-、-SO3 -、-SO2 -、-N--R4から選択されるアニオン部位を表す。R4は、隣接するN原子との連結部位に、カルボニル基:-C(=O)-、スルホニル基:-S(=O)2-、スルフィニル基:-S(=O)-を有する1価の置換基を表す。
R1、R2、R3、R4、L1は互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよい。また、(C-3)において、R1~R3のうち2つを合わせて、N原子と2重結合を形成してもよい。
一般式(C-1)で表される化合物の好ましい例としては、特開2013-6827号公報の段落〔0037〕~〔0039〕及び特開2013-8020号公報の段落〔0027〕~〔0029〕に例示された化合物を挙げることが出来る。
一般式(C-2)で表される化合物の好ましい例としては、特開2012-189977号公報の段落〔0012〕~〔0013〕に例示された化合物を挙げることが出来る。
一般式(C-3)で表される化合物の好ましい例としては、特開2012-252124号公報の段落〔0029〕~〔0031〕に例示された化合物を挙げることが出来る。
本発明の組成物は、通常、溶剤を含有する。
組成物を調製する際に使用することができる溶剤としては、例えば、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸アルキルエステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸アルキル、環状ラクトン(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、環を有してもよいモノケトン化合物(好ましくは炭素数4~10)、アルキレンカーボネート、アルコキシ酢酸アルキル、ピルビン酸アルキル等の有機溶剤を挙げることができる。
これらの溶剤の具体例は、米国特許出願公開2008/0187860号明細書[0441]~[0455]に記載のものを挙げることができる。
水酸基を含有する溶剤、水酸基を含有しない溶剤としては前述の例示化合物が適宜選択可能であるが、水酸基を含有する溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸アルキル等が好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME、別名1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール)、2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル、乳酸エチルがより好ましい。また、水酸基を含有しない溶剤としては、アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルアセテート、アルキルアルコキシプロピオネート、環を含有してもよいモノケトン化合物、環状ラクトン、酢酸アルキルなどが好ましく、これらの内でもプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA、別名1-メトキシ-2-アセトキシプロパン)、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノン、γ-ブチロラクトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸ブチルが特に好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチルエトキシプロピオネート、2-ヘプタノンが最も好ましい。
水酸基を含有する溶剤と水酸基を含有しない溶剤との混合比(質量)は、1/99~99/1、好ましくは10/90~90/10、更に好ましくは20/80~60/40である。水酸基を含有しない溶剤を50質量%以上含有する混合溶剤が塗布均一性の点で特に好ましい。
溶剤は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含むことが好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート単独溶剤、又は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートを含有する2種類以上の混合溶剤であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、更に界面活性剤を含有してもしなくてもよく、含有する場合、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤(フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコン系界面活性剤、フッ素原子とケイ素原子との両方を有する界面活性剤)のいずれか、あるいは2種以上を含有することがより好ましい。
フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤として、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0276]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げることができる。
また、本発明では、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0280]に記載の、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤以外の他の界面活性剤を使用することもできる。
本発明の組成物が界面活性剤を含有する場合、界面活性剤の使用量は、組成物の全固形分に対して、好ましくは0.0001~2質量%、より好ましくは0.0005~1質量%である。
一方、界面活性剤の添加量を、組成物の全量(溶剤を除く)に対して、10ppm以下とすることで、疎水性樹脂の表面偏在性があがり、それにより、レジスト膜表面をより疎水的にすることができ、液浸露光時の水追随性を向上させることができる。
本発明の組成物は、カルボン酸オニウム塩を含有してもしなくてもよい。このようなカルボン酸オニウム塩は、米国特許出願公開2008/0187860号明細書[0605]~[0606]に記載のものを挙げることができる。
これらのカルボン酸オニウム塩は、スルホニウムヒドロキシド、ヨードニウムヒドロキシド、アンモニウムヒドロキシドとカルボン酸を適当な溶剤中酸化銀と反応させることによって合成できる。
本発明の組成物には、必要に応じて更に、酸増殖剤、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、アルカリ可溶性樹脂、溶解阻止剤及び現像液に対する溶解性を促進させる化合物(例えば、分子量1000以下のフェノール化合物、カルボキシル基を有する脂環族、又は脂肪族化合物)等を含有させることができる。
カルボキシル基を有する脂環族、又は脂肪族化合物の具体例としてはコール酸、デオキシコール酸、リトコール酸などのステロイド構造を有するカルボン酸誘導体、アダマンタンカルボン酸誘導体、アダマンタンジカルボン酸、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸などが挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
本発明における組成物の固形分濃度は、通常1.0~10質量%であり、好ましくは、2.0~5.7質量%、更に好ましくは2.0~5.3質量%である。固形分濃度を上記範囲とすることで、レジスト溶液を基板上に均一に塗布することができ、更にはラインウィズスラフネスに優れたレジストパターンを形成することが可能になる。その理由は明らかではないが、恐らく、固形分濃度を10質量%以下、好ましくは5.7質量%以下とすることで、レジスト溶液中での素材、特には光酸発生剤の凝集が抑制され、その結果として、均一なレジスト膜が形成できたものと考えられる。
固形分濃度とは、組成物の総重量に対する、溶剤を除く他のレジスト成分の重量の重量百分率である。
本発明の組成物は、活性光線又は放射線に照射により反応して性質が変化する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。更に詳しくは、本発明は、IC等の半導体製造工程、液晶、サーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造、インプリント用モールド構造体の作製、更にその他のフォトファブリケーション工程、平版印刷板、酸硬化性組成物に使用される感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。
次に、本発明に係るパターン形成方法について説明する。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、以下の工程を少なくとも有する。
(i)本発明の組成物によって基板上に膜(感活性光線又は感放射線性樹脂組成物膜、組成物膜、レジスト膜)を形成する工程、
(ii)上記膜に活性光線又は放射線を照射(露光)する工程(露光工程)、及び
(iii)現像液を用いて上記活性光線又は放射線を照射した膜を現像する工程(現像工程)、
を少なくとも含む。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程の後に、(iv)加熱工程を含むことが好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(ii)露光工程を、複数回含んでいてもよい。
本発明のパターン形成方法は、(iv)加熱工程を、複数回含んでいてもよい。
本発明において膜を形成する基板は特に限定されるものではなく、シリコン、SiN、SiO2やSiN等の無機基板、SOG等の塗布系無機基板等、IC等の半導体製造工程、液晶、サーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造工程、更にはその他のフォトファブリケーションのリソグラフィー工程で一般的に用いられる基板を用いることができる。更に、必要に応じて、レジスト膜と基板の間に反射防止膜を形成させてもよい。反射防止膜としては、公知の有機系、無機系の反射防止膜を適宜用いることができる。
また、露光工程の後かつ現像工程の前に、露光後加熱工程(PEB;Post Exposure Bake)を含むことも好ましい。
加熱温度はPB、PEB共に70~130℃で行うことが好ましく、80~120℃で行うことがより好ましい。
加熱時間は30~300秒が好ましく、30~180秒がより好ましく、30~90秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は通常の露光・現像機に備わっている手段で行うことができ、ホットプレート等を用いて行ってもよい。
ベークにより露光部の反応が促進され、感度やパターンプロファイルが改善する。
トップコートについては、特に限定されず、従来公知のトップコートを、従来公知の方法によって形成でき、例えば、特開2014-059543号公報の段落[0072]~[0082]の記載に基づいてトップコートを形成できる。
後述する現像工程において、有機溶剤を含有する現像液を使用する場合は、特開2013-61648号公報に記載された塩基性化合物を含有するトップコートをレジスト膜上に形成することが好ましい。
また、液浸露光方法以外によって露光を行う場合であっても、レジスト膜上にトップコートを形成してもよい。
アルカリ現像液としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、特開2014-048500号公報の段落[0460]に記載されたアルカリ現像液が挙げられる。
アルカリ現像の後に行うリンス処理におけるリンス液としては、純水を使用し、界面活性剤を適当量添加して使用することもできる。
上記の溶剤は、複数混合してもよいし、上記以外の溶剤や水と混合し使用してもよい。但し、本発明の効果を十二分に奏するためには、現像液全体としての含水率が10質量%未満であることが好ましく、実質的に水分を含有しないことがより好ましい。
すなわち、有機系現像液に対する有機溶剤の使用量は、現像液の全量に対して、90質量%以上100質量%以下であることが好ましく、95質量%以上100質量%以下であることが好ましい。
界面活性剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、イオン性や非イオン性のフッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤等を用いることができる。これらのフッ素及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤として、例えば特開昭62-36663号公報、特開昭61-226746号公報、特開昭61-226745号公報、特開昭62-170950号公報、特開昭63-34540号公報、特開平7-230165号公報、特開平8-62834号公報、特開平9-54432号公報、特開平9-5988号公報、米国特許第5405720号明細書、同5360692号明細書、同5529881号明細書、同5296330号明細書、同5436098号明細書、同5576143号明細書、同5294511号明細書、同5824451号明細書記載の界面活性剤を挙げることができ、好ましくは、非イオン性の界面活性剤である。非イオン性の界面活性剤としては特に限定されないが、フッ素系界面活性剤又はシリコン系界面活性剤を用いることが更に好ましい。
本発明において、有機溶剤現像工程によって露光強度の弱い部分が除去されるが、更にアルカリ現像工程を行うことによって露光強度の強い部分も除去される。このように現像を複数回行う多重現像プロセスにより、中間的な露光強度の領域のみを溶解させずにパターン形成が行えるので、通常より微細なパターンを形成できる(特開2008-292975号公報[0077]と同様のメカニズム)。
本発明のパターン形成方法においては、アルカリ現像工程及び有機溶剤現像工程の順序は特に限定されないが、アルカリ現像を、有機溶剤現像工程の前に行うことがより好ましい。
有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いて現像する工程の後のリンス工程に用いるリンス液としては、レジストパターンを溶解しなければ特に制限はなく、一般的な有機溶剤を含む溶液を使用することができる。リンス液としては、炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の有機溶剤を含有するリンス液を用いることが好ましい。
炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びエーテル系溶剤の具体例としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液において説明したものと同様のものを挙げることができる。
リンス液中の含水率は、10質量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは5質量%以下、特に好ましくは3質量%以下である。含水率を10質量%以下にすることで、良好な現像特性を得ることができる。
リンス工程においては、有機溶剤を含む現像液を用いる現像を行ったウエハを上記の有機溶剤を含むリンス液を用いて洗浄処理する。洗浄処理の方法は特に限定されないが、たとえば、一定速度で回転している基板上にリンス液を吐出しつづける方法(回転塗布法)、リンス液が満たされた槽中に基板を一定時間浸漬する方法(ディップ法)、基板表面にリンス液を噴霧する方法(スプレー法)、などを適用することができ、この中でも回転塗布方法で洗浄処理を行い、洗浄後に基板を2000rpm~4000rpmの回転数で回転させ、リンス液を基板上から除去することが好ましい。また、リンス工程の後に加熱工程(Post Bake)を含むことも好ましい。ベークによりパターン間及びパターン内部に残留した現像液及びリンス液が除去される。リンス工程の後の加熱工程は、通常40~160℃、好ましくは70~95℃で、通常10秒~3分、好ましくは30秒から90秒間行う。
上記各種材料から金属等の不純物を除去する方法としては、例えば、フィルターを用いた濾過を挙げることができる。フィルター孔径としては、ポアサイズ50nm以下が好ましく、10nm以下がより好ましく、5nm以下が更に好ましい。フィルターの材質としては、ポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、ナイロン製のフィルターが好ましい。フィルター濾過工程では、複数種類のフィルターを直列又は並列に接続して用いてもよい。複数種類のフィルターを使用する場合は、孔径及び/又は材質が異なるフィルターを組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、各種材料を複数回濾過してもよく、複数回濾過する工程が循環濾過工程であってもよい。
また、上記各種材料に含まれる金属等の不純物を低減する方法としては、各種材料を構成する原料として金属含有量が少ない原料を選択する、各種材料を構成する原料に対してフィルター濾過を行う、などの方法を挙げることができる。各種材料を構成する原料に対して行うフィルター濾過における好ましい条件は、上記した条件と同様である。
フィルター濾過の他、吸着材による不純物の除去を行ってもよく、フィルター濾過と吸着材を組み合わせて使用してもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができ、例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材を使用することができる。
本発明の電子デバイスは、電気電子機器(家電、OA・メディア関連機器、光学用機器及び通信機器等)に、好適に、搭載されるものである。
シクロヘキサノン 84質量部を窒素気流下、80℃に加熱した。この液を攪拌しながら、下記構造式M-1で表されるモノマー 17.8質量部、下記構造式M-2で表されるモノマー 11.8質量部、下記構造式M-3で表されるモノマー 12.6質量部、シクロヘキサノン 155質量部、及び、2,2’-アゾビスイソ酪酸ジメチル〔V-601、和光純薬工業(株)製〕1.84質量部の混合溶液を6時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、80℃で更に2時間攪拌した。反応液を放冷後、多量メタノール/水(質量比9:1)で再沈殿、ろ過し、得られた固体を真空乾燥することで、下記樹脂B-1を38質量部得た。
なお、合成例1と同様の操作を行い、樹脂Pである後掲の樹脂B-2~B-12を合成した。
下記表1に示す成分を同表に示す溶剤に溶解させ、それぞれについて固形分濃度4質量%の溶液を調製し、さらに0.05μmのポアサイズを有するポリエチレンフィルターで濾過することで、レジスト組成物(実施例および比較例のレジスト組成物)を調製した。
なお、下記表1中、酸発生剤について、カッコ内の数値は配合量(g)を表す。また、全ての実施例及び比較例において、樹脂の配合量は10gである。また、塩基性化合物について、カッコ内の数値は配合量(g)を表す。また、疎水性樹脂について、カッコ内の数値は配合量(g)を表す。また、溶剤について、数値は質量比を表す。また、界面活性剤を含有する全ての実施例及び比較例において、界面活性剤の配合量は10mgである。
(パターン形成:ArF液浸露光1)
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜ARC29SR(日産化学社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークを行い、膜厚95nmの反射防止膜を形成した。その上に得られたレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間に亘ってベーク(PB:Prebake)を行い、膜厚100nmのレジスト膜を形成した。なお、実施例12のレジスト膜上には、疎水性樹脂(5b)を4-メチル-2-ペンタノールに溶解させたトップコート形成用樹脂組成物(固形分濃度3.0質量%)を用いて、厚さ300Åのトップコート層を形成した。
得られたウエハをArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、C-Quad、アウターシグマ0.880、インナーシグマ0.790、XY偏光)を用い、ピッチ136nm遮光部50nmの6%ハーフトーンマスクを通して露光した。液浸液としては超純水を用いた。その後、85℃で60秒間加熱(PEB:Post Exposure Bake)した。次いで、ネガ型現像液(酢酸ブチル)で30秒間パドルして現像し、リンス液〔メチルイソブチルカルビノール(MIBC)〕で30秒間パドルしてリンスした。続いて、4000rpmの回転数で30秒間ウエハを回転させることにより、ピッチ136nm、スペース幅35nmのラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成した。
シリコンウエハ上に有機反射防止膜ARC29SR(日産化学社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークを行い、膜厚95nmの反射防止膜を形成した。その上に得られたレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間に亘ってベーク(PB:Prebake)を行い、膜厚100nmのレジスト膜を形成した。なお、実施例12のレジスト膜上には、疎水性樹脂(5b)を4-メチル-2-ペンタノールに溶解させたトップコート形成用樹脂組成物(固形分濃度3.0質量%)を用いて、厚さ300Åのトップコート層を形成した。
得られたウエハをArFエキシマレーザー液浸スキャナー(ASML社製;XT1700i、NA1.20、C-Quad、アウターシグマ0.900、インナーシグマ0.812、XY偏向)を用い、線幅48nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンの6%ハーフトーンマスクを通して露光した。液浸液としては超純水を用いた。その後、105℃で60秒間加熱(PEB:Post Exposure Bake)した。次いで、酢酸ブチルで30秒間パドルして現像し、リンス液〔メチルイソブチルカルビノール(MIBC)〕で30秒間パドルしてリンスした。続いて、4000rpmの回転数で30秒間ウエハを回転させることにより、線幅48nmの1:1ラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成した。
上記パターン形成(ArF液浸露光1)の露光・現像条件においてピッチ136nm、スペース幅35nmのラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成する露光量において、フォーカス方向に10nm刻みで、露光フォーカスの条件を変更して露光及び現像を行い、得られる各パターンのスペース線幅(CD)を線幅測長走査型電子顕微鏡SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380)を使用して測定し、上記の各CDをプロットして得られる曲線の極小値又は極大値に対応するフォーカスをベストフォーカスとした。このベストフォーカスを中心にフォーカスを変化させた際に、ライン幅が35nm±10%を許容するフォーカスの変動幅、すなわち、フォーカス許容度(DOF)(nm)を算出した。表1に結果を示す(DOF)。フォーカス許容度は大きいほど好ましい。
上記パターン形成(ArF液浸露光2)の露光・現像条件で得られたライン/スペース=1/1のラインパターン(線幅48nm)について線幅測長走査型電子顕微鏡SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380)で観察し、ラインパターンの長手方向のエッジ1μmの範囲について、線幅を50ポイント測定し、その測定ばらつきについて標準偏差を求め、3σ(nm)を算出した。表1に結果を示す(LWR)。LWRは小さいほど好ましい。
A1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
A2:シクロヘキサノン
A3:γ-ブチロラクトン
B1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
B2:乳酸エチル
W-1:メガファックF176(DIC(株)製)(フッ素系)
W-2:メガファックR08(DIC(株)製)(フッ素及びシリコン系)
なかでも、一般式(2)中、Rx1~Rx3の炭素数の合計が10以下である実施例1~4および6~15は、LWRがより小さかった。
そのなかでも、一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位が一般式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位である実施例1、2、4、6および8~12は、DOFがさらに大きく、かつ、LWRがさらに小さかった。
実施例1~17の対比から、一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位が一般式(2-2)又は(2-3)で表される繰り返し単位である実施例1、2、4~6および8~12は、DOFがより大きく、なかでも、一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位が一般式(2-2)で表される繰り返し単位である実施例1、2、4、6および8~12は、DOFがさらに大きかった。
Claims (10)
- 樹脂Pと、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物とを含有する、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物であって、
前記樹脂Pが、下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位p1、及び、下記一般式(2)で表される繰り返し単位p2を有し、
前記繰り返し単位p2が、ヒドロキシアダマンチル基のヒドロキシ基が酸の作用により分解し脱離する基で保護された基を有さない、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(1)中、R1は、水素原子又は有機基を表す。R2は、第3級アルキル基を表す。n1は、正の整数を表す。*は、結合位置を表す。
一般式(2)中、Xa1は、水素原子又は有機基を表す。Tは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。Rx1~Rx3は、各々独立に、直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基、又は、単環若しくは多環のシクロアルキル基を表す。なお、Rx1~Rx3の2つが互いに結合して、単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基を形成していてもよい。*は、結合位置を表す。 - 前記一般式(2)中、Rx1~Rx3の炭素数の合計が10以下である、請求項1に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも1つが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、請求項4に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34のうち少なくとも2つが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、請求項4に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記一般式(2-2)中、R32、R33及びR34の全てが、炭素数2以上の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基である、請求項4に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- (i)請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物によって基板上に感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物膜を形成する工程、
(ii)前記膜に活性光線又は放射線を照射する工程、及び、
(iii)前記活性光線又は放射線が照射された膜を、現像液を用いて現像する工程、
を少なくとも有するパターン形成方法。 - 前記現像液が、有機溶剤を含む現像液である、請求項8に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 請求項8又は9に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
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JP2020023687A (ja) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹脂、レジスト組成物及びレジストパターンの製造方法 |
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WO2016006489A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-01-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
JP6931707B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-13 | 2021-09-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、レジスト膜の製造方法、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
JP7433033B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2024-02-19 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | レジスト組成物及びレジストパターン形成方法 |
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KR20170031748A (ko) | 2017-03-21 |
TW201610574A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
KR101855230B1 (ko) | 2018-05-09 |
US10025186B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
JPWO2016035585A1 (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
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