WO2016031840A1 - 有機電界発光素子用の有機イリジウム錯体 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子用の有機イリジウム錯体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016031840A1 WO2016031840A1 PCT/JP2015/073939 JP2015073939W WO2016031840A1 WO 2016031840 A1 WO2016031840 A1 WO 2016031840A1 JP 2015073939 W JP2015073939 W JP 2015073939W WO 2016031840 A1 WO2016031840 A1 WO 2016031840A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- iridium complex
- mmol
- ligand
- diketone
- Prior art date
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 51
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 48
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 27
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 20
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 19
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001425 electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- CCZWSTFVHJPCEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodopyridine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=N1 CCZWSTFVHJPCEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- AVTSEHYNSNELMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(3,5-ditert-butylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(=O)CC(=O)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 AVTSEHYNSNELMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WZSMQEXDKGEYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,5-ditert-butylphenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 WZSMQEXDKGEYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- LNJXVUXPFZKMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);trichloride;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl LNJXVUXPFZKMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCTUOFPJTWPPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 UCTUOFPJTWPPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- CCQKWSZYTOCEIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=C1 CCQKWSZYTOCEIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNKSSGFRIVHGLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluoro-3-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound FC1=NC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 PNKSSGFRIVHGLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=N1 IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCTSLPBQVXUAHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-ditert-butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NCTSLPBQVXUAHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HIWIGEASOLHVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1(NC(=CC=C1)F)B(O)O Chemical compound FC1(NC(=CC=C1)F)B(O)O HIWIGEASOLHVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLYPBMBWKYALCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1C(F)(F)F WLYPBMBWKYALCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPTABBGLHGBJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 BPTABBGLHGBJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pbd Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- SXYFKXOFMCIXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CC(Cl)=O SXYFKXOFMCIXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- URIIQTZJNGRTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 URIIQTZJNGRTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIKVAWLYHHZRGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbazol-9-ylethanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCO)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 IIKVAWLYHHZRGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDFKSZDMHJHQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZDFKSZDMHJHQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRGOEHNUVSIDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1(NC=CC(=C1)F)B(O)O Chemical compound FC1(NC=CC(=C1)F)B(O)O JRGOEHNUVSIDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000578940 Homo sapiens PDZ domain-containing protein MAGIX Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZZIMKJIVMHWJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for providing an organic iridium complex suitable as an organic electroluminescence (EL) element, and particularly to an organic iridium complex suitable for a green to yellow light-emitting material.
- EL organic electroluminescence
- Organic electroluminescence (electroluminescence, EL) elements are expected to develop technologies for next-generation displays and lighting. As features, it has advantages such as low power consumption, thinning, excellent response speed, and clear image display in both dark and bright places.
- a sandwich structure in which a single layer or a multilayer organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes is applied.
- a sandwich structure such as cathode / electron transport layer / light emitting layer / hole transport layer / anode / glass substrate is used as a main component, and a hole (electron) injection layer, buffer layer is used to further improve the characteristics.
- An element having a structure to which an interlayer insulating film or the like is appropriately added has been proposed.
- Various light-emitting materials are used for the light-emitting layer, which is the center of the sandwich structure. Its characteristics are that electrons and holes transported from the cathode and anode are easy to flow, light emission efficiency is excellent, and durability is high. It is required to have it.
- the generation probability of excited molecules is 1: 3 between the excited singlet and the excited triplet, so that the excited triplet state is obtained for the fluorescent material that emits light by the transition from the excited singlet to the ground state.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic iridium complex having a ligand (diphenyl diketone) having two benzene rings as a ⁇ -diketone ligand (S02 of Patent Document 1, etc.).
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic platinum complex having a ligand (tetra-butoxydiphenyl diketone) having two butoxy-substituted benzene rings as a ⁇ -diketone ligand (patent).
- a ligand tetra-butoxydiphenyl diketone
- the luminous efficiency is improved by applying a ligand having a benzene ring as the ⁇ -diketone ligand.
- the quantum efficiency shows a high value in a polymer (solid) such as a thin film.
- the organometallic complex is usually used in the light emitting layer by doping into a polymer thin film rather than in a solution or a solvent when mounted on an organic EL element.
- the organometallic complexes described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 show some quantum efficiency in a solution such as an organic solvent, but the quantum efficiency in a polymer (solid) such as a thin film. In many cases, the quantum efficiency was decreased, and the quantum efficiency in the thin film was not exhibited.
- the present invention aims to provide an organometallic complex having a high quantum efficiency even in a (polymer) thin film as a light emitting material for an organic EL device.
- An organometallic complex capable of producing a high organic EL element is provided.
- the present inventors have focused on organic iridium complexes having iridium as a central atom.
- a platinum complex As an organometallic complex, a platinum complex has also been developed as described in Patent Document 2.
- the platinum complex has high planarity, and there is a vacancy in the ligand of the platinum atom that is the central element, resulting in energy loss.
- Cheap Specifically, interactions between molecules such as association and excimer formation (so-called self-assembly), interactions with media such as solvent and matrix (base material), and further association with other coexisting molecules Influenced by various interactions.
- the organic iridium complex is a material with high quantum efficiency because the three ligands have a steric conformation and do not generate various interactions like the platinum complex described above, making it difficult to cause energy loss. I thought it was easy.
- PL quantum yield is one of the factors that determine the internal quantum efficiency when the quantum efficiency is roughly divided into “external quantum efficiency” and “internal quantum efficiency” as shown in the following equation. is there.
- Luminescent materials are required to have high internal quantum efficiency, and the influence of “exciton generation efficiency” and “PL quantum yield” is particularly large as a determinant of internal quantum efficiency.
- the “exciton generation efficiency” is determined depending on whether it is a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material, and therefore, the high PL quantum yield is important for improving the internal quantum efficiency.
- the present inventors have intensively studied an organic iridium complex exhibiting a high light emission (PL) quantum yield particularly in a polymer thin film.
- PL light emission
- the complex that produces such rigid chromism has a high emission quantum in the polymer thin film.
- the inventors have found that there is a product showing a yield, and have arrived at the present invention described below.
- chromism refers to a phenomenon in which the optical properties of a substance are reversibly changed by an external stimulus.
- “rigid chromism” indicates that the external stimulus that induces chromism depends on the type of the medium molecule, and the emission color varies depending on whether the medium molecule is a solution or a solid.
- the present inventors have conceived the present invention as an organic iridium complex that causes rigid chromism.
- the present invention relates to a line-symmetric ⁇ -ion having a CN ligand composed of two atomic groups (A 1 , A 2 ) represented by the following formula and two phenyl groups substituted with tert-butyl.
- the present invention relates to an organic iridium complex for an organic electroluminescence device, in which a diketone ligand is coordinated to an iridium atom.
- the first feature of the present invention is that the ⁇ -diketone as a ligand has tert-butyl as a substituent, on the premise of having a phenyl group and line symmetry.
- An organic iridium complex having such a ⁇ -diketone tends to have a high emission quantum yield.
- an organic iridium complex having a tert-butyl group as described above does not necessarily have high quantum efficiency when the surrounding medium molecule is a solid polymer thin film. For this reason, the present inventors have further studied an organic iridium complex having a high emission quantum yield even in a polymer thin film.
- the inventors have arrived at the present invention employing a structure having the following structure as a CN ligand. It is a thing.
- the CN ligand can express the desired emission color (red, blue, green, etc.) mainly from the viewpoint of wavelength shift. If there are, it is possible to select an arbitrary one from a large number of listed structures. In other words, in the prior art, the CN ligand is hardly limited, and only the structure of the ⁇ -diketone is characteristic.
- the present invention employs the ⁇ -diketone ligand described above, and the CN ligand is limited to the following structure.
- the present inventors have identified the structure of the CN ligand as the reason for specifying a high emission quantum yield in the thin film.
- the luminescent excited state of the iridium complex is based on the charge transfer transition from the OO ligand to the CN ligand, and the CN ligand has a structure with high electron accepting properties. This is because it was considered preferable.
- the present inventors have not only the characteristics of ⁇ -diketone ligand but also the specific structure of the type of CN ligand, so that the emission quantum yield is particularly high in a thin film.
- the present invention which is an organic iridium complex, was conceived.
- rigid chromism generated in the organic iridium complex of the present invention the peak of the emission spectrum shifts the wavelength ( ⁇ PL ) in the polymer thin film to the shorter wavelength side than the wavelength ( ⁇ PL ) in the organic solvent.
- the wavelength shift ( ⁇ PL ) due to such rigid chromism is 15 nm or more and 100 nm or less, an organic iridium complex having a particularly high emission quantum efficiency is likely to be obtained.
- ⁇ PL is particularly preferably 25 nm or more and 60 nm or less.
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention is formed by coordination of two CN ligands and ⁇ -diketone to a trivalent iridium atom.
- the two CN ligands have the same structure, and the ⁇ -diketone ligand has a line-symmetric structure. Specific structures of the CN ligand and the ⁇ -diketone ligand will be described below.
- the ⁇ -diketone ligand applied in the present invention has two phenyl groups substituted with tert-butyl, as shown in the following formula.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are a tert-butyl group or a hydrogen atom. It is preferable that one phenyl group has at least one tert-butyl group and two or more tert-butyl groups. Two tert-butyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring.
- t-Bu represents a tert-butyl group.
- the upper atomic group A 1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, and preferably a 6-membered ring.
- a 1 is preferably a monocyclic heterocyclic ring or a monocyclic benzene ring, and the hetero atom in the heterocyclic ring is preferably nitrogen.
- a 1 may have an arbitrary substituent on the side chain, and the substituent is preferably a fluorine atom (F), a trifluoro (—CF 3 ) group, or a cyano group (—CN).
- any one shown in the following formula is preferable.
- the bonding position between A 1 and A 2 is indicated by a downward dotted line.
- the atomic group A 2 on the lower side of the CN ligand is preferably a monocyclic heterocycle, and nitrogen is preferred as a heteroatom.
- a 2 may have an arbitrary substituent on the side chain, and examples of the substituent include a fluorine atom (F), a trifluoro (—CF 3 ) group, an alkyl group (—R, having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, Preferred are 1 or more and 4 or less) and an alkoxy group (—OR, having 1 to 4 carbon atoms).
- a 2 is also an unsaturated hydrocarbon like A 1 and is preferably a 6-membered ring.
- the atomic group A 2 is preferably any of those represented by the following formula.
- the bonding position between A 2 and A 1 is indicated by an upward dotted line.
- Examples of the CN ligand having the atomic groups A 1 and A 2 described above include the following.
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention described above has high luminous efficiency, and the internal quantum efficiency ⁇ PL is 0.45 or more when 0.05 mmol / g is doped in the polymer thin film. For this reason, it becomes suitable for mounting an organic electroluminescent element as a light emitting layer.
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention tends to exhibit a particularly high emission quantum yield in a polymer thin film when the emission color ranges from yellow to green.
- the emission wavelength ( ⁇ PL ) in the polymer thin film is preferably from 510 nm to 580 nm, particularly preferably from 510 nm to 550 nm.
- a precursor is obtained by heating and reacting an iridium salt and a nitrogen-containing compound constituting a CN ligand, and then the precursor and a ⁇ -diketone compound are heated and reacted.
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention can also be synthesized by reacting a metal salt with a ⁇ -diketone compound and then reacting a nitrogen-containing compound.
- the heating reaction for obtaining the precursor is preferably performed at 80 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower and 12 hours or longer and 24 hours or shorter. It is preferable to carry out in 12 hours or less.
- the reaction is preferably performed in the presence of a solvent.
- the iridium salt used in the synthesis reaction is preferably chloride (IrCl 3 ). In addition, as a form of use, a hydrate of chloride can be used.
- a light emitting layer can be formed by a method such as spin coating or vacuum deposition.
- the spin coating method enables simple and inexpensive element formation.
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention has a high emission quantum yield in a polymer thin film and is suitable as a light emitting material for an organic EL device.
- the light emission characteristic evaluation result of the organic iridium complex in embodiment The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the organic EL element produced in embodiment.
- An organic iridium complex having each of the following ligands was synthesized, and the obtained complex was measured for an emission spectrum and evaluated for an emission quantum yield.
- X is a conventional ⁇ -diketone ligand.
- Each iridium complex was synthesized by reacting an iridium salt with a nitrogen-containing compound to obtain a precursor, and then reacting the precursor with a ⁇ -diketone compound.
- each ⁇ -diketone compound and each CN ligand (1: 2 ′, 6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine), (2: 2- (3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) ) Phenyl) pyridine), (3: 2- (2,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridine).
- Each CN ligand was reacted with iridium chloride to synthesize precursors (1), (2) and (3).
- Each iridium complex described above was obtained by reacting each precursor with a ⁇ -diketone compound.
- the starting materials and the reagents and solvents used in the synthesis were all commercially available reagent grades without purification.
- dibenzoylmethane ( ⁇ -diketone (X) a commercially available product was directly used for complex synthesis.
- dry THF commercially available dehydrated THF was purchased and used as it was.
- spherical silica gel (neutral) manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. was used as a filler used for column chromatography.
- Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectrum and mass spectrometry (mass (MS) spectrum) were used for identification of the synthesized complex.
- 1 H NMR spectrum a Jeol JNM-ECX400 spectrophotometer (400 MHz) or a Jeol JNM-ECS400 spectrophotometer (400 MHz) was used.
- MS spectra were measured with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (ESI-TOF-MS and MALDI) by ionizing a sample by electrospray ionization (ESI method) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI method). -TOF-MS spectrum).
- TOF time-of-flight
- MALDI method matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHCA
- a Jeol JML-T100LP mass spectrometer was used for ESI-TOF-MS measurement, and a Shimadzu-Kratos AXIMA-CFR PLUS TOF Mass mass spectrometer was used for MALDI-TOF-MS measurement. Elemental analysis was performed with a J-Science MICRO CORDER JM10 analyzer using acetanilide as a standard substance.
- ⁇ -diketone compound (A) 3,5-di (tert-butyl) benzoic acid to methyl 3,5-di (tert-butyl) benzoate and 3 ′, 5′-di (tert-butyl) acetophenone Then, ⁇ -diketone compound (A) was obtained by a synthesis reaction using these two compounds.
- the organic layer was further washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (50 mL) and saturated brine (50 mL), and then dried by adding an appropriate amount of anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After removing magnesium sulfate by filtration, the solvent was distilled off with an evaporator, and the residue was dried under reduced pressure in a desiccator to obtain methyl 3,5-di (tert-butyl) benzoate. The obtained compound was a white solid, and the yield was 92% (2.92 g, 11.8 mmol).
- the characteristics ( 1 H NMR, TOF MS) of the compound synthesized as described above were as follows.
- Phenyl) propane-1,3-dione ( ⁇ -diketone A) was obtained.
- the obtained compound was an amber syrup-like substance and had a yield of 49% (2.12 g, 4.73 mmol).
- MALDI-TOF MS m / z 449 ([M + H] + ).
- CN ligands (1) to (4) were synthesized according to the following contents.
- 2,6-difluoropyridineboronic acid and 2-bromopyridine were reacted to obtain a CN ligand (1).
- water (26 mL) K 2 CO 3 (1.51 g 10.9 mmol) and Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 (0.67 g, 0.580 mmol) were heated to reflux for 16 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Precursors (1) to (3) were obtained by reacting each of the CN ligands synthesized above with iridium chloride.
- a CN ligand (1) was reacted with iridium chloride to obtain a precursor (1).
- 2 ′, 6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine (0.500 g, 2.60 mmol)
- iridium chloride trihydrate 0.42 g, 1.25 mmol
- water 17.17 mL
- 2-ethoxyethanol 48 mL
- the mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and water (50 mL) was added to the mixture.
- the produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed with an appropriate amount of methanol to obtain the precursor (1) in a yield of 73% (0.580 g, 0.475 mmol).
- the obtained compound was a hardly soluble solid. It was used for the synthesis of the following iridium complex without further purification.
- a CN ligand (2) and iridium chloride were reacted to obtain a precursor (2).
- 2- (3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridine (0.850 g, 2.92 mmol)
- iridium chloride trihydrate 0.30 g, 1.22 mmol
- water 20 mL
- 2- A mixture of ethoxyethanol 48 mL was stirred at 100 ° C. for 12 hours. After allowing to cool, the mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and water (50 mL) was added to the mixture.
- the produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed with an appropriate amount of methanol to obtain the precursor (2) in a yield of 79% (0.930 g, 0.575 mmol).
- the obtained compound was a hardly soluble solid. It was used for the synthesis of the following iridium complex without further purification.
- a CN ligand (3) and iridium chloride were reacted to obtain a precursor (3).
- 2- (2,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridine (0.431 g, 1.48 mmol)
- iridium chloride trihydrate (0.264 g, 0.749 mmol)
- water 10 mL
- 2- A mixture of ethoxyethanol (28 mL) was stirred at 100 ° C. for 12 hours. After allowing to cool, the mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and water (30 mL) was added to the mixture.
- the produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed with an appropriate amount of methanol to obtain the precursor (3) in a yield of 55% (0.329 g, 0.204 mmol).
- the obtained compound was a hardly soluble solid. It was used for the synthesis of the following iridium complex without further purification.
- ⁇ Synthesis of Precursor (4)> According to the following formula, a CN ligand (4) and iridium chloride were reacted to obtain a precursor (4). 2,6-difluoro-3- (pyridin-2-nyl) benzonitrile (0.612 g, 2.83 mmol), iridium chloride trihydrate (0.492 g, 1.40 mmol), water (21 mL) and 2 A mixture of ethoxyethanol (64 mL) was stirred at 100 ° C. for 25 hours. After allowing to cool, the mixture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and water (50 mL) was added to the mixture.
- the produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and washed with an appropriate amount of methanol to obtain a precursor (4) in a yield of 83% (0.762 g, 0.579 mmol).
- the obtained compound was a hardly soluble solid. It was used for the synthesis of the following iridium complex without further purification.
- the obtained mixture was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried by adding an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After removing sodium sulfate by filtration, the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off with a rotary evaporator. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (developing solvent; methylene chloride), and further recrystallized from acetonitrile to obtain iridium complex 1-A in 25% yield (73.5 mg, 0.0719 mmol). ).
- the characteristics of the compound synthesized as described above were as follows.
- iridium complex 1-X was obtained by reacting precursor (1) with ⁇ -diketone (X).
- the iridium complex 2-A was obtained by reacting the precursor (2) with the ⁇ -diketone (A) according to the following formula.
- the characteristics of the compound synthesized as described above were as follows.
- iridium complex 2-B was obtained by reacting precursor (2) with ⁇ -diketone (B).
- iridium complex 2-X was obtained by reacting precursor (2) with ⁇ -diketone (X).
- the characteristics of the compound synthesized as described above were as follows.
- iridium complex 3-B was obtained by reacting precursor (3) with ⁇ -diketone (B).
- iridium complex 3-X was obtained by reacting precursor (3) with ⁇ -diketone (X).
- the obtained mixed solution was washed with water and saturated brine, and an appropriate amount of anhydrous magnesium sulfate was added and dried. After removing magnesium sulfate by filtration, the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off with a rotary evaporator. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (developing solvent; chloroform), and further recrystallized from methanol to obtain iridium complex 4-A in a yield of 12% (0.00.459 g, 0.0429 mmol). .
- the characteristics of the compound synthesized as described above were as follows.
- iridium complex 4-B was obtained by reacting precursor (4) with ⁇ -diketone (B).
- iridium complex 4-X was obtained by reacting precursor (4) with ⁇ -diketone (X).
- iridium complexes having phenyl groups substituted with tert-butyl as ⁇ -diketone (1-A, 2-A, 3-A, 4-A, 1-B, 2-B, 3-B, 4 -B) showed a high emission quantum yield exceeding 0.45 in the polymer thin film.
- the PL spectrum and PL quantum yield were evaluated using the medium as an organic solvent (dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 )).
- the results are shown in the following table and FIG.
- the results in the polymer thin film are shown together, and the calculated value of the difference (wavelength shift ⁇ Pl ) between the wavelength peak position in the organic solvent and the wavelength peak position in the polymer thin film is shown.
- the iridium complex having a phenyl group substituted with tert-butyl as a ⁇ -diketone has a PL quantum yield ⁇ PL of 0.45 or more when doped with 0.05 mmol in a polymer thin film, and organic Rigid chromism is shown in which the emission wavelength in the polymer thin film shifts to the short wavelength side with respect to the emission wavelength in the solvent.
- the concentrations of PBD and iridium complex doped into PVCz were 850 ⁇ mol and 98 ⁇ mol with respect to 1 g of PVCz, respectively, and 0.7 ml of toluene was used as an ink solvent with respect to 10 mg of PVCz.
- a film was formed on the hole injection layer (5) by a spin coating method and baked at 120 ° C. for 1 hour, whereby a light-emitting layer 4 having a thickness of 80 nm. Formed.
- a light emitting layer ink Ink (2-A) was prepared using iridium complex 2-A instead of iridium complex 1-A.
- An organic EL element EL (2-A) was obtained in the same manner as described above except that this light emitting layer ink Ink (2-A) was used.
- Luminous light distribution characteristic measuring device EL luminance characteristics
- EL luminance characteristics such as EL spectrum, maximum luminance L max (cd / m 2 ), maximum external quantum efficiency ⁇ ext, max (%) and CIE color system (x, y). It was measured by Hamamatsu Photonics C-9920-11).
- Table 2 shows the peak wavelength ⁇ EL (nm), maximum luminance L max (cd / m 2 ), maximum external quantum efficiency ⁇ ext, max (%), maximum current efficiency ⁇ j, max ( cd / A), maximum power efficiency ⁇ p, max (lm / W) and CIE color system (x, y) are shown.
- L max and ⁇ ext, max the applied voltage (V) at the time of measurement is also shown in parentheses. Note that the emission start voltage V turn-on represents a voltage at which the luminance reaches 1 cd / m 2 .
- FIG. 3 shows organic EL elements EL (1-A), EL (2-A), EL (3-A), EL (4-A), EL (1-B), and EL (2-B).
- EL (3-B), EL (4-B), EL (1-X), EL (2-X), EL (3-X), EL (4-X) electroluminescence (EL) spectra is there.
- the EL spectrum was measured at the maximum brightness L max .
- the organic iridium complex of the present invention has a high emission quantum yield in a polymer thin film and is suitable as a light emitting material for an organic EL device.
- the present invention is particularly suitable as a material that emits yellow to green light.
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Abstract
Description
[量子効率]
外部量子効率=(光取出し効率)×内部量子効率
内部量子効率=(励起子生成効率)×(PL量子収率)×(キャリアバランス)
3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸から3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸メチルと、3’,5’-ジ(tert-ブチル)アセトフェノンとを合成した後、これら2つの化合物を用いた合成反応により、β‐ジケトン化合物(A)を得た。
3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸(3.00g,12.8mmol)とメタノール(9mL)の混合物に濃硫酸(0.9mL)を窒素雰囲気下、0℃にて滴下し、その後、撹拌しながら1時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、クロロホルム(100mL)を加え、さらに水(100mL)を加えて分液漏斗内で振とうし、有機層を分離した。この操作をもう一度繰り返した後、分離した有機層を一つに合わせた。この有機層をさらに、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)及び飽和食塩水(50mL)で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、エバポレーターにて溶媒を留去し、残渣をデシケーター内で減圧下乾燥させることで3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸メチルを得た。得られた化合物は白色固体であり、収率は92%であった(2.92g,11.8mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性(1H NMR、TOF MS)は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):d1.35(s,18H),3.91(s,3H),7.62(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=2.0Hz,2H).
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z 249([M+H]+).
3’,5’-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸(3.00g,12.8mmol)を乾燥テトラヒドロフラン(120mL)に加え、窒素雰囲気下、0℃以下になるまで撹拌しながら冷却した。この混合物にメチルリチウムの3.0Mジエトキシメタン溶液(15mL)を滴下し、その後室温まで昇温して2時間撹拌した。この反応混合物に6M塩酸を加えて酸性にした後、クロロホルム(100mL×2)で抽出した。得られた有機層を一つに合わせ、水(50mL×2)、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)及び飽和食塩水(50mL)で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、エバポレーターにて溶媒を留去し、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製することで3’,5’-ジ(tert-ブチル)アセトフェノンを得た。得られた化合物は、無色の液体であり、収率75%であった(2.23g,9.60mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3)d1.37(s,18H),2.60(s,3H),7.64(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=1.6Hz,2H).
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z 232(M+).
3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)安息香酸メチル(2.92g,11.8mmol)と水素化ナトリウム(60%油分散;1.27g,31.8mmol)を乾燥THF(23mL)に入れ、窒素雰囲気下、室温にて撹拌した。そこへ3’,5’-ジ(tert-ブチル)アセトフェノン(2.23g,9.60mmol)を乾燥THF(23mL)に溶かした溶液を30分かけて滴下した。その後、得られた反応混合物を60℃下、24時間撹拌した。放冷後、1M塩酸を加えて酸性にした後、クロロホルム(100mL×2)で抽出した。得られた有機層を一つに合わせ、水(50mL×2)、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)及び飽和食塩水(50mL)で洗浄した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、エバポレーターにて溶媒を留去し、残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製することで1,3-ビス(3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)フェニル)プロパン-1,3-ジオン(β-ジケトンA)を得た。得られた化合物は、こはく色のシロップ状物質であり、収率49%であった(2.12g,4.73mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3)d1.38(s,36H),6.78(s,1H),7.63(t,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=2.0Hz,4H),16.9(brs,1H).
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z 449([M+H]+).
1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1,1,4,4-テトラメチルナフタレンとマロニルクロリドを用いた合成反応により、β‐ジケトン化合物(B)を得た。
1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1,1,4,4-テトラメチルナフタレン(5.00g,26.6mmol)、マロニルクロリド(1.35g、9.58mmol)及び塩化アルミニウム(5.51g、41.3mmol)を二硫化炭素(27mL)に入れ、50℃にて加熱撹拌した。次に、冷やした2mol/Lの塩酸(27mL)を加えて分液ロートに移し、クロロホルムで抽出した。有機層を更に水で洗浄し、エバポレーターで溶媒を留去した後、残渣に濃塩酸(3.5mL)とクロロホルム(35mL)を加え、9時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、混合物を分液ロートに移し、水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:2(v/v))で精製することにより、β-ジケトン(B)を収率39%で得た(1.66g,3.74mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.30(s,12H),1.34(s,12H),1.71(m,8H),6.76(s,1H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.68(dd,J=8.0 and 2.0Hz,2H),7.94(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),16.96(brs,1H)
MALDI-TOF MS:m/z 445([M+H]+).
<C-N配位子(1)の合成>
下記式に従い、2,6-ジフルオロピリジンボロン酸と2-ブロモピリジンとを反応させてC-N配位子(1)を得た。2,6-ジフルオロピリジンボロン酸(2.08g、13.1mmol)、2-ブロモピリジン(1.34g、8.48mmol)、THF(65mL)、水(26mL)、K2CO3(1.51g、10.9mmol)、及びPd(PPh3)4(0.67g、0.580mmol)からなる混合物を、窒素雰囲気下、16時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで液量がおよそ3分の1になるまで濃縮し、得られた混合物を分液ロートに移した。適量のクロロホルムで希釈した後、水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた。ろ過にて硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;酢酸エチル:ヘキサン=1:3(v/v))で精製することによってC-N配位子(1)を収率93%で得た(1.51g、7.86mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の1H NMR特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.93(dd,J=3.2 and 8.4Hz,1H),7.20-7.32(m,1H),7.68-7.86(m,2H),8.56-8.73(m,2H).
下記式に従い、3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニルボロン酸と2-ヨードピリジンとを反応させてC-N配位子(2)を得た。3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニルボロン酸(2.00g、7.75mmol)、2-ヨードピリジン(1.17g、5.71mmol)、THF(30mL)、水(10mL)、K2CO3(4.50g、32.6mmol)、及びPd(PPh3)4(0.261g、0.226mmol)からなる混合物を、窒素雰囲気下、48時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで液量がおよそ3分の1になるまで濃縮し、得られた混合物を分液ロートに移した。適量のクロロホルムで希釈した後、水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた。ろ過にて硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製することによってC-N配位子(2)を収率51%で得た(0.850g、2.92mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の1H NMR特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.34-7.38(m,1H),7.81-7.87(m,2H),7.92(s,1H),8.49(s,2H),8.76(dt,J=2.2 and 5.0Hz,1H)
下記式に従い、2,4-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニルボロン酸と2-ヨードピリジンとを反応させてC-N配位子(3)を得た。2,4-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニルボロン酸(2.31g、8.96mmol)、2-ヨードピリジン(1.16g、5.66mmol)、ベンゼン(25mL),エタノール(10mL)、K2CO3(7.31g、52.9mmol)、及びPdCl2(PPh3)2(0.383g、0.546mmol)からなる混合物を、窒素雰囲気下、16時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、反応混合物を分液ロートに移し、適量のクロロホルムで希釈した。この混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた。ろ過にて硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製することによってC-N配位子(3)を収率59%で得た(0.978g、3.36mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の1H NMR特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.33(ddd,J=7.8,7.7 and 1.1Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,7.7,7.7 and 1.9Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H)
下記式に従い、2,4-ジフルオロ-3-シアノフェニルボロン酸と2-ヨードピリジンとを反応させてC-N配位子(4)を得た。2,4-ジフルオロピリジンボロン酸(0.976g、5.34mmol)、2-ヨードピリジン(0.733g、3.58mmol)、ベンゼン(15mL)、エタノール(6mL)、水(15mL)、K2CO3(4.56g、33.0mmol)、及びPd(PPh3)2Cl2(0.215g、0.306mmol)からなる混合物を、窒素雰囲気下、18時間加熱還流させた。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで液量がおよそ3分の1になるまで濃縮し、得られた混合物を分液ロートに移した。適量のクロロホルムで希釈した後、水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた。ろ過にて硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製することによってC-N配位子(4)を収率80%で得た(0.620g、2.87mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の1H NMR特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ7.18(ddd,J=1.4,7.8 and 9.2Hz,1H),7.33(ddd,J=1.4,5.0 and 7.3Hz,1H),7.76-7.84(m,2H),7.86(td,J=6.4 and 8.7Hz,1H),8.72(m,1H)
<前駆体(1)の合成>
下記式に従い、C-N配位子(1)と塩化イリジウムとを反応させて前駆体(1)を得た。2’,6’-ジフルオロ-2,3’-ビピリジン(0.500g,2.60mmol)、塩化イリジウム・三水和物(0.442g,1.25mmol)、水(17mL)及び2-エトキシエタノール(48mL)の混合物を100℃で12時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、水(50mL)を混合物に加えた。生成した沈殿を吸引ろ過にて回収し、適量のメタノールで洗浄することによって、前駆体(1)を73%の収率で得た(0.580g,0.475mmol)。得られた化合物は難溶性の固体であった。さらなる精製は行わずに、下記イリジウム錯体の合成に用いた。
下記式に従い、C-N配位子(2)と塩化イリジウムとを反応させて前駆体(2)を得た。2-(3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)ピリジン(0.850g,2.92mmol)、塩化イリジウム・三水和物(0.430g,1.22mmol)、水(20mL)及び2-エトキシエタノール(48mL)の混合物を100℃で12時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、水(50mL)を混合物に加えた。生成した沈殿を吸引ろ過にて回収し、適量のメタノールで洗浄することによって、前駆体(2)を79%の収率で得た(0.930g,0.575mmol)。得られた化合物は難溶性の固体であった。さらなる精製は行わずに、下記イリジウム錯体の合成に用いた。
下記式に従い、C-N配位子(3)と塩化イリジウムとを反応させて前駆体(3)を得た。2-(2,4-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)ピリジン(0.431g,1.48mmol)、塩化イリジウム・三水和物(0.264g,0.749mmol)、水(10mL)及び2-エトキシエタノール(28mL)の混合物を100℃で12時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、水(30mL)を混合物に加えた。生成した沈殿を吸引ろ過にて回収し、適量のメタノールで洗浄することによって、前駆体(3)を55%の収率で得た(0.329g,0.204mmol)。得られた化合物は難溶性の固体であった。さらなる精製は行わずに、下記イリジウム錯体の合成に用いた。
下記式に従い、C-N配位子(4)と塩化イリジウムとを反応させて前駆体(4)を得た。2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(ピリジン-2-ニル)ベンゾニトリル(0.612g,2.83mmol)、塩化イリジウム・三水和物(0.492g,1.40mmol)、水(21mL)及び2-エトキシエタノール(64mL)の混合物を100℃で25時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、水(50mL)を混合物に加えた。生成した沈殿を吸引ろ過にて回収し、適量のメタノールで洗浄することによって、前駆体(4)を83%の収率で得た(0.762g,0.579mmol)。得られた化合物は難溶性の固体であった。さらなる精製は行わずに、下記イリジウム錯体の合成に用いた。
前駆体(1)(0.244g,0.200mmol)、1,3-ビス(3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)フェニル)プロパン-1,3-ジオン(β-ジケトン(A))(0.131g,0.292mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.90g,17.9mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、80℃で30分間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;塩化メチレン)で精製し、さらにアセトニトリルで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体1-Aを25%の収率で得た(73.5mg,0.0719mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.26(s,36H),5.81(t,J=1.8Hz,2H),6.58(s,1H),7.19-7.22(m,2H),7.53(m,6H),7.85-7.89(m,2H),8.29(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.57(dd,J=0.80 and 6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1045([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C51H53F4IrN4O2:C,59.92;H,5.23;5.48. Found:C,60.10;H,5.03;5.50.
前駆体(1)(0.246g,0.201mmol)、β-ジケトン(B)(0.129g,0.290mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.90g,17.9mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、80℃で30分間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;塩化メチレン)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体1-Bを25%の収率で得た(75.1mg,0.0738mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.23(s,12H),1.25(s,12H),1.66(s,8H),5.76(s,2H),6.58(s,1H),7.17-7.21(m,2H),7.29(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.49-7.52(m,2H),7.71(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.83-7.87(m,2H),8.27(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.53(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1041([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C51H49F4IrN4O2:C,60.16;H,4.85;5.50. Found:C,60.12;H,4.61;5.45.
前駆体(1)(0.500g,0.410mmol)、β-ジケトン(X)(0.435g,1.94mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.389g,3.67mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(77mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、105℃で2時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;塩化メチレン)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体1-Xを38%の収率で得た(250mg,0.313mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ5.75(s,2H),6.66(s,1H),7.23-7.25(m,2H),7.35(t,J=7.8Hz,4H),7.45-7.47(m,2H),7.77(dd,J=1.2 and 7.8Hz,4H),7.88(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),8.29(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.52(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 821([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C35H21F4IrN4O2:C,52.69;H,2.65;7.02. Found:C,52.92;H,2.73;7.01.
前駆体(2)(0.245g,0.152mmol)、1,3-ビス(3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)フェニル)プロパン-1,3-ジオン(β-ジケトン(A))(0.129g,0.288mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.90g,17.9mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、100℃で2時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム:ヘキサン=1:1(v/v))で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体2-Aを5.8%の収率で得た(20.3mg,0.0166mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.24(s,36H),6.34(s,1H),6.94-6.97(m,2H),7.30(d,J=1.6Hz,4H),7.48(t,J=1.6Hz,2H),7.55(brs,2H),7.78(dt,J=1.6 and 7.8Hz,2H),8.05(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.16(brs,2H),8.27(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1243([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C57H55F12IrN2O2:C,56.10;H,4.54;2.30. Found:C,55.93;H,4.49;2.26.
前駆体(2)(0.154g,0.0953mmol)、β-ジケトン(B)(0.200g,0.450mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.0900g,0.849mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(18mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、105℃で3時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体2-Bを39%の収率で得た(90.0mg,0.0740mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.16(s,12H),1.23(s,12H),1.64(s,8H),6.32(s,1H),6.91-6.95(m,2H),7.22(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.30(dd,J=2.0 and 7.8Hz,2H),7.43(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.55(s,2H),7.73-7.78(m,2H),8.01(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.16(s,2H),8.22(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1239([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C57H51F12IrN2O2:C,56.29;H,4.23;2.30. Found:C,56.60;H,4.40;2.26.
前駆体(2)(0.331g,0.205mmol)、β-ジケトン(X)(0.220g,0.981mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.195g,1.84mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(39mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、105℃で3時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体2-Xを30%の収率で得た(120mg,0.121mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.43(s,1H),6.94-6.98(m,2H),7.29(t,J=7.8Hz,4H),7.41(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.55-7.57(m,6H),7.74-7.78(m,2H),8.00(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.13(s,2H),8.21(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1019([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C41H23F12IrN2O2・H2O:C,48.57;H,2.49;2.76. Found:C,48.76;H,2.60;2.67.
前駆体(3)(0.240g,0.149mmol)、1,3-ビス(3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)フェニル)プロパン-1,3-ジオン(β-ジケトン(A))(0.129g,0.288mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.91g,18.1mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、100℃で2時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム:ヘキサン=1:1(v/v))で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体3-Aを44%の収率で得た(154mg,0.126mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.25(s,36H),6.53(s,1H),6.70(s,2H),7.20-7.24(m,2H),7.44(d,J=2.0Hz,4H),7.50(t,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),7.86-7.91(m,2H),8.44(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.67(dd,J=1.4 and 5.8Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1243([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C57H55F12IrN2O2:C,56.10;H,4.54;2.30. Found:C,56.27;H,4.74;2.41.
前駆体(3)(0.241g,0.149mmol)、β-ジケトン(B)(0.129g,0.290mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.90g,18.0mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、100℃で2時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム:ヘキサン=1:1(v/v))で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体2-Bを17%の収率で得た(59.7mg,0.0491mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.16(s,6H),1.18(s,6H),1.22(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.64(s,8H),6.52(s,1H),6.64(s,2H),7.20(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.43(dd,J=2.0 and 7.8Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),7.61(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.83-7.88(m,2H),8.41(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.63(d,J=6.0Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1239([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C57H51F12IrN2O2:C,56.29;H,4.23;2.30. Found:C,56.30;H,4.05;2.28.
前駆体(3)(0.200g,0.124mmol)、β-ジケトン(X)(0.128g,0.571mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.115g,1.09mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(23mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、105℃で3時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣にクロロホルムを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸ナトリウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体3-Xを10%の収率で得た(25.0mg,0.0251mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ6.60(s,2H),6.61(s,1H),7.21-7.24(m,2H),7.32(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),7.44(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.54(s,2H),7.72(d,J=7.4Hz,4H),7.85-7.90(m,2H),8.41(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.64(dd,J=0.8 and 5.8Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1019([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C41H23F12IrN2O2:C,49.45;H,2.33;2.81. Found:C,49.60;H,2.70;2.70.
前駆体(4)(0.243g,0.185mmol)、1,3-ビス(3,5-ジ(tert-ブチル)フェニル)プロパン-1,3-ジオン(β-ジケトン(A))(0.133g,0.296mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(1.90g,17.9mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(50mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、100℃で2時間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣に酢酸エチルを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;クロロホルム)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体4-Aを12%の収率で得た(00.459g,0.0429mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.26(s,36H),5.98(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.56(s,1H),7.22(td,J=1.4 and 5.9Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=1.8Hz,4H),7.54(t,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.90(td,J=1.4 and 8.2Hz,2H),8.32(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),8.55(dd,J=1.4 and 5.9Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1093([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C55H53F4IrN4O2:C,61.72;H,4.99;N,5.23. Found:C,61.72;H,5.03;N,5.23.
前駆体(4)(0.106g,0.0805mmol)、β-ジケトン(B)(0.0884g,0.199mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.0531g,0.501mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(25mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、40℃で1時間30分撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣に塩化メチレンを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;塩化メチレン)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体4-Bを22%の収率で得た(0.0378g,0.0355mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.24(m,24H),1.66(m,8H),5.92(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.58(s,1H),7.21-7.24(m,2H),7.29(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.48(dd,J=1.8 and 8.6Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.86-7.90(m,2H),8.30(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.50(dd,J=1.4 and 5.9Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 1089([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C55H49F4IrN4O2:C,61.96;H,4.63;N,5.25. Found:C,61.94;H,4.59;N,5.25.
前駆体(4)(0.0980g,0.0745mmol)、β-ジケトン(X)(0.0496g,0.221mmol)、及び炭酸ナトリウム(0.0650g,0.613mmol)を2-エトキシエタノール(7mL)に入れ、この混合物を窒素雰囲気下、40℃で30分間撹拌した。放冷後、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去し、残渣に塩化メチレンを加えた。得られた混合液を水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムを適量加えて乾燥させた。ろ過により硫酸マグネシウムを除去した後、ろ液の溶媒をロータリーエバポレーターで留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒;塩化メチレン)で精製し、さらにメタノールで再結晶することによってイリジウム錯体4-Xを21%の収率で得た(0.0254g,0.0300mmol)。以上により合成した化合物の特性は、以下の通りであった。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ5.91(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.65(s,1H),7.26-7.28(m,2H),7.35(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),7.45-7.49(m,2H),7.75-7.77(m,4H),7.90(td,J=1.4 and 8.4Hz,2H),8.32(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.49(dd,J=1.4 and 5.6Hz,2H).
ESI-TOF MS:m/z 869([M+Na]+).
Anal. Calcd for C39H21F4IrN4O2:C,55.38;H,2.50;N,6.62. Found:C,55.38;H,2.74;N,6.74.
上記で得られたイリジウム錯体を用いて、発光(PL)スペクトル及びPL量子収率ΦPLを測定した。PLスペクトルの測定では、堀場製作所社製Fluorolog-3分光光度計を用いた。PL量子収率の測定では、浜松ホトニクス社製C9920-12量子収率測定装置を用いた。これらPLスペクトル及びPL量子収率の評価は、媒質を高分子薄膜(ポリメタクリル酸メチル、PMMA)として行った。尚、溶液試料は、アルゴンガスを封入して脱酸素溶液として測定し、高分子薄膜試料については窒素雰囲気下で測定を行った。高分子薄膜試料については、PMMA中に各イリジウム錯体を0.05mmol/g(4重量%)ドープして測定を行った。結果を下記表に示す。
上記各イリジウム錯体を用いて、下記の手順で、図2に示す有機EL素子(1)を作製し、特性評価を行った。
(a)ホール注入層(5)の形成
ITO-ガラス基板(三容真空工業製,ITO、膜厚150nm)にパターニング処理を施し、洗浄することにより陽極(2)を準備した。次いで、ITO薄膜を、オゾンにより表面処理した。表面処理後、速やかに、ホール注入材料をスピンコート法によりITO膜上に成膜し、120℃にて1時間焼成することにより、厚み40nmのホール注入層(5)を形成した。ホール注入材料としては、PEDOTとPSSとを含む導電性ポリマー(Heraeus Clevios製、P VP CH8000)を用いた。
脱水トルエンに、ポリ(9-ビニルカルバゾール)(PVCz、Sigma-Aldrich製、数平均分子量Mn,25000-50000、THF-メタノールから再沈殿により精製)、2-(4-ビフェニリル)-5-(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール(PBD)、及びイリジウム錯体1-Aを溶解させ、メンブレンフィルター(メルクミリポア製、0.2μm Millex-FG)でろ過することにより、発光層用インクInk(1-A)を調製した。PVCzにドープするPBD,及びイリジウム錯体の濃度はそれぞれPVCz1gに対して850μmol、98μmolとし、PVCz10mgに対して0.7mlのトルエンをインク溶媒として用いた。得られた発光層用インクInk(1-A)を用いて、ホール注入層(5)上に、スピンコート法により成膜し、120℃で一時間焼成することにより、厚み80nmの発光層4を形成した。
シャドウマスクを用いて、真空蒸着により、電子注入材料としてのフッ化セシウムの薄膜(電子注入層(6)、厚み1nm)を形成し、次いで、アルミニウムの薄膜(陰極(3)、厚み250nm)を作製した。このとき、発光部の面積が、10mm2(2mm×5mm)となるように、電子注入層(6)及び陰極(3)を作製した。このようにして、有機EL素子EL(1-A)を完成させた。
イリジウム錯体1-Aに代えて、イリジウム錯体2-Aを用いて、発光層用インクInk(2-A)を調製した。この発光層用インクInk(2-A)を用いる以外は、上記の手順と同様にして、有機EL素子EL(2-A)を得た。有機EL素子EL(3-A)、EL(4-A)、EL(1-B)、EL(2-B)、EL(3-B)、EL(4-B)、EL(1-X)、EL(2-X)、EL(3-X)、EL(4-X)についても、同様に錯体1-Aに代えて、錯体3-A、4-A、1-B、2-B、3-B、4-B、1-X、2-X、3-X、4-Xを用いて作製した。
上記工程で得られた有機EL素子を、紫外線硬化樹脂を用いて、キャビティガラス中に封止し、有機EL特性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
ELスペクトル、最大輝度Lmax(cd/m2)、最大外部量子効率ηext,max(%)及びCIE表色系(x,y)等の有機EL素子特性を、輝度配光特性測定装置(浜松ホトニクス社製、C-9920-11)により測定した。
Claims (9)
- A2は、単環の複素環である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- A1は、単環のベンゼン環、又は、単環の複素環である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- A1は、不飽和炭化水素環の側鎖として、フッ素原子(F)、トリフルオロ(‐CF3)基、又はシアノ基(‐CN)を有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- A2は、不飽和炭化水素環の側鎖として、フッ素原子(F)、トリフルオロ(‐CF3)基、アルキル基(‐R)、又はアルコキシ基(-OR)を有する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- 高分子薄膜中に0.05mmol/gドープしたときのPL量子収率ΦPLが0.45以上である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- 高分子薄膜中における発光波長(λPL)が510nm以上580nm以下である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機イリジウム錯体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載された有機イリジウム錯体を含む発光層を備えた有機電界発光素子。
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WO2005118606A1 (ja) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | フッ素置換イリジウム錯体およびこれを用いた発光材料 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6151845B1 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-21 | Lumiotec株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子、照明装置、ディスプレイ装置 |
JP2018107031A (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | Lumiotec株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子、照明装置、ディスプレイ装置 |
WO2018124239A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | Lumiotec株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセント素子、照明装置、ディスプレイ装置 |
US11283036B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2022-03-22 | Xianyang Chvt New Display Technology Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent element, lighting device, and display device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101929690B1 (ko) | 2018-12-14 |
EP3187503A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
CN106795190B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
EP3187503A4 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
TW201615652A (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
US9859511B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
US20170237021A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
JP6395843B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
TWI580684B (zh) | 2017-05-01 |
CN106795190A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
EP3187503B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
KR20170028996A (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
JPWO2016031840A1 (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
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