WO2016028189A1 - Procédé et dispositif de sondage gravimétrique à distance - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de sondage gravimétrique à distance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016028189A1
WO2016028189A1 PCT/RU2014/000954 RU2014000954W WO2016028189A1 WO 2016028189 A1 WO2016028189 A1 WO 2016028189A1 RU 2014000954 W RU2014000954 W RU 2014000954W WO 2016028189 A1 WO2016028189 A1 WO 2016028189A1
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gradient
cardioid
rotation
value
sensor
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PCT/RU2014/000954
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Russian (ru)
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Геннадий Алексеевич ПЕТРЕНКО
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Геннадий Алексеевич ПЕТРЕНКО
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Publication of WO2016028189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016028189A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting

Definitions

  • the group of inventions relates to the field of physics, in particular, to gravimetry, and can be used in geophysical research, the results of which are in demand in astronomy, geodesy and geology in geophysical work.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy and low information content of gravimetric measurements.
  • the closest set of essential features to the claimed method is a method for measuring the acceleration of gravity gz and its components in the gcp directions at an observation point located on the Earth’s surface, disclosed in patent RU 2504803, published on 01.20.2014.
  • the method is dynamic - the unit of measurement is time (sec).
  • the values of the components gz are recorded in the directions gq> along the rotation path of the gravimetric sensor (hereinafter referred to as the potential sensor), which converts the force acting on the probe mass of the sensor m (gip ⁇ réelle ⁇ ) into a frequency electrical signal.
  • the potential sensor which converts the force acting on the probe mass of the sensor m (gip ⁇ réelle ⁇ ) into a frequency electrical signal.
  • Cardioid series of different azimuth orientation of the plane of rotation after subtraction comparison steps and q characterizes LP-polar plot gcp - scope of displaying the spatial distribution of the gravitational potential at the common point of observation with a resulting radius vector g z. Comparing the observed ST hodograph g with the “normal ST hodograph g ⁇ p” representing the correct sphere, abnormal deviations ⁇ Dg v are revealed.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that they measure the values of the modules of radius vectors relative to the zero value in the pole, which exceed the values of the detected anomalies by 10 8 or more times, which cannot provide high accuracy of measurements.
  • the disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy and low information content of gravimetric measurements.
  • the problem to which the claimed group of inventions is directed is to develop a method and improve a device that improves accuracy and the information content of gravimetric measurements on the earth's surface and the surface of other planets.
  • the technical result achieved by the implementation of the group of claimed inventions is to conduct remote gravimetric sensing of the earth's interior (and other planets) with the spatial characteristics of the density inhomogeneity.
  • the method allows measurements of gz in absolute units.
  • the method has no limitations on the range of measured values of the acceleration of gravity and provides high accuracy.
  • Obtaining the volumetric characteristics of the gravitational field in fractional units of acceleration of gravity, probing the earth's interior, high accuracy and unlimited measurement range are new properties that expand the capabilities of gravimetry. It is advisable to use the method and device for detailing gravimetric anomalies, monitoring gas and oil fields being worked out, monitoring foci of volcanic activity, studying karst voids and solving other geological and geophysical problems, as well as metrology and geodesy tasks.
  • the coordinates of a point on a disk equidistant from the centers of mass of the gradient sensor and located on the path of rotation of the centers of test masses of the gradient sensor are taken as the registration point of the instantaneous gradient value on the rotation path.
  • the relative frequency difference is measured using a frequency comparator, while the frequency of the comparator is synchronized with a standard signal from the GLONASS / GPS satellite navigation systems.
  • the gradient graph is characterized by discrete values of the relative frequency difference at the cardioid points evenly distributed along the rotation path, discrete values of the points of the gradient graph are characterized by average values of the relative frequency difference, which are calculated within the set averaging interval, while the detail of the gradient of the cardioid graph is increased, decreasing the averaging interval and increasing the number of discrete values on the rotation path of the gradient sensor.
  • two cardioids are calculated separately for each direction of rotation of the gradient sensor, with the beginning of the calculation from the pole of the cardioid “0”, the discrete values of the gradient in each direction of rotation along a closed loop (0 - 360 °) are summed sequentially with a step of adding equal to the step of measuring the gradient and calculating the average discrete values of the points of the cardioid.
  • the boundaries of the anomalous interval are determined on the gcp cardioid, which are “visible” from the observation point located in pole 0, the sector that is characterized by the central angle and the resulting vector of the anomalous interval r lying on the sector axis, and the abnormal cardioid intervals detected in the lower and upper parts of the cardioid , project onto the normal hodograph g ⁇ p according to radius vectors and sum the moduli of anomalous increments Agq ,.
  • the revealed anomalous region is detailed on the ZO-hodograph g q> , the boundaries of the anomaly, the direction and value of the modulus of the resulting vector r r of the anomalous region are clarified by additional measurements within its boundaries.
  • the spatial position of the resultant vector r p abnormal area on LP-hodograph g v characterize in spherical coordinates (g ⁇ p, ⁇ , ⁇ ) with an origin at the center of rotation of the proof masses gradient sensor: an angle ⁇ (between the plane with the axis ⁇ and vector r p and the meridian of the observation point in the north), and the angle ⁇ (between the resulting vector r p and the ⁇ axis).
  • the price of a conventional unit of measurement "k" is determined by calculating the quotient of the division of the value of g z , defined in units of acceleration of free fall, by the value of gz in arbitrary units of the relative frequency difference ⁇ 1-2, which characterizes the resulting radius vector g z .
  • the coordinates of the center of mass of the density heterogeneity are determined by finding the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines with the resulting vectors r p defined at several observation points located at different distances and from different sides relative to the center of mass of the heterogeneity.
  • the geometric parameters of the density inhomogeneity are determined by projecting the anomalous regions of the GZ hodographs gq, obtained at different observation points, in the direction of the center of mass, spatial boundaries are determined, and a volume idealized model of heterogeneity is constructed.
  • the device for implementing the method of remote gravimetric sensing contains potential and zero indicator sensors mounted on the disk in a coordinate device with the ability to rotate the disk in planes oriented along different azimuths with a common coordinate axis Z, with a constant angular velocity ⁇ , a constant radius of rotation of the sensors in the forward and reverse direction, the device is equipped with a stopwatch, amplifier, computer, control system Ia measurements production, thermoregulation system, characterized in that the device is equipped with an additional potential sensor, forming together with the existing potential-sensor gradient-sensor, which is characterized by a constant distance L between the centers of mass of the potential sensors.
  • the device is equipped with at least two gradient sensors, characterized by different distances L between the centers of mass of the gradient sensor.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device
  • figure 2 is a schematic representation of a gradient sensor, where 5 and 6 are the test masses mi and gs of the gradient sensor, respectively, 7 and 8 are piezoelectric transducers, 10 is the axis of symmetry of the gradient sensor;
  • Fig. 3 shows a cardioid 18 (0-360 °) and hodograph g (p in directions 33 (0 - 180 °) with a palette 28 for plotting a cardioid.
  • Point 0 is the common pole for cardioid 18 and hodograph 33.
  • the outer circle of the palette 28 is the conditional rotation path of the gradient sensor L - “shoulder” the gradient of the sensor is 15 °.
  • figure 4 shows the normal gradient curves of the cardioid 18, constructed for the right 20 and left 22 directions of rotation of the gradient sensor.
  • the abnormal intervals a-b and ai-bi on graph 19 are plotted for the right rotation 20 of the gradient sensor.
  • T sec - the measured time of a full revolution of the gradient of the sensor 360 °.
  • 23, 24, 25, 26 and abscissa 27 axis of symmetry of the gradient graphs;
  • figure 5 shows 1 A cardioids 18 and hodograph 33 in a 2: 1 scale with selected fragments 34, 35 with the designation of the boundaries of the abnormal intervals a - b and a - b ⁇ .
  • the scale is shown relative to the scale in FIG. 36 - axis of the abnormal interval;
  • figure 6 shows a fragment 34 with an abnormal interval a - b of the cardioid 18 in the lower half-space at a scale of 5: 1;
  • Fig.7 shows a fragment of 35 cardioids in the upper half-space with an anomalous interval ai - bi at a scale of 10: 1;
  • Fig.8 shows a fragment of the hodograph with an abnormal interval A - B, represented by 2 g v values as the sum of the values of the upper and lower abnormal intervals of the cardioid;
  • figure 9 shows an example of determining the location and geometric parameters of excess density heterogeneity in the earth's interior, where: pi - density heterogeneities in the bowels that formed an anomaly on the surface; p 2 is the average density of the host rocks; PC - observation point; r p i and g p2 are the resulting vectors of the anomalous regions of the ZO-hodographs determined at the observation points PK-1 and PK-2, respectively; r x i and r > are the horizontal components of the resulting vector of the anomalous region; ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ 2 are the vertical components;
  • figure 10 shows the layout of the ST-cardioid gq, with ZE-hodograph.
  • ZE-cardioid is a potential surface represented by the values of radius vectors g ⁇ p ⁇ a c .
  • figure 1 1 shows the layout of the ZE hodograph g ⁇ p with an anomalous region, characterized by the resulting vector r p , 40 is the axis of the anomalous region of the 3D hodograph gq > .
  • the device in Fig. 1 of gravimetric sensing contains two identical potential sensors 2 and 3, forming a gradient sensor in Fig. 2, mounted on the disk 4.
  • the term "potential sensor” is introduced to denote a measurement method that provides measurements relative to a zero value in the pole “0” of the cardioid, common with the hodograph gq > .
  • the gradient sensor contains two test masses 5 (mi) and 6 (t 2 ), mounted on piezoelectric transducers 7 and 8, which are mounted on the disk 4 without the possibility of movement, at a distance L between the centers of the test masses.
  • the reference point of the gradient value is point 9, located on the axis of symmetry 10 of the gradient sensor, equidistant from the center of rotation of the test masses 5 (im) and 6 (t 2 ), and located on the trajectory of rotation of the test masses of the gradient sensor .
  • zero an indicator sensor 11 for example, an accelerometer with an independent recording channel.
  • a zero-indicator sensor one of the channels of the potential sensor 2 or 3, which is part of the gradient sensor, can be used.
  • the disk 4 through the axis 12 is installed in the coordination device 13 with the possibility rotation 1.
  • the device 1 is equipped with a drive at uditelnogo rotation 14 that provides rotation of the disc 4 at a predetermined constant angular velocity ⁇ in the forward and backward directions.
  • Coordinate device 13 is rotatable on the drive shafts 15 and 16 (axle 16 not shown).
  • the method of remote gravimetric sensing is implemented as follows.
  • the device 1 is installed on the observation point and the plane of the disk 4 placed in the level surface 17 - HOU in figure 1, 3, 5, 7-1 1.
  • the measuring channels of the device register the natural frequency of the piezoelectric transducers f 0 potential sensors 2 and 3.
  • the metrological parameters of the measuring channels of the device are monitored. Measurements are performed in arbitrary units of instantaneous values of the frequency difference Afa > , where ⁇ ⁇ is the measured relative frequency difference between the value of the output signals of the gradient sensors.
  • the disc 4 is rotated, and stepwise changing the rotational speed, set the frequency dependence of the electric signal (the conventional unit of measurement) gradient sensor of angular velocity ⁇ in the range of the working range of the angular rotation velocity equal to 2a p.
  • the natural frequency of the fk comparator is synchronized with the standard signal of the GLONASS / GPS satellite radio navigation systems.
  • the measurements are performed in the forward and reverse directions of rotation of the disk 4 and calculate the average discrete values for the selected modes of angular velocity of rotation. According to the measurement results build calibration graphs (not shown), determine their linearity in the range of working angular speeds of rotation of the disk of the device and the error. When identifying a residual imbalance, its value is taken into account when processing the measurement results. All measurements are carried out automatically.
  • the disk 4 of figure 1 is installed in a plane with a plumb line and rotate.
  • the potential characteristic of the gravitational field is determined as part of the acceleration of gravity gz and its components in the directions g v in the plane of rotation of the disk 4.
  • Measurements are performed in spherical coordinates (g v , ⁇ , ⁇ ) with the origin at the center of rotation of the probe masses of the sensors, with the coordinate axis ⁇ coinciding with the plumb line, and the X axis directed northward along the meridian of the observation point.
  • T 0.896136014 s.
  • the time range when measuring on the earth's surface is 2,379,207 nanoseconds (898 515 221 - 896 136 014).
  • Dividing the range g z by the range of the measured time of a full revolution T determine the accuracy of the measurements. For example, measuring time with an accuracy of 1 nsec (L0 "9 sec) provides a measurement of g z with an accuracy of about 2.2 nGal. Modern time and frequency measuring instruments provide an accuracy of measuring time and frequency of more than 10 " 12 , which surely covers the nanosecond range. Thus, the method allows to increase the measurement accuracy by several orders of magnitude and to determine the values of the acceleration of gravity gz and its components in the directions gcp with the required accuracy. The determination of the value of the module of the resulting vector g z is performed relative to the reference gravimetric points with known values of g z , and with the certified value of R in absolute units.
  • the gradient of the cardioid 18 is measured (Figs. 3 and 5-7.10) along the rotation path of the gradient sensor in arbitrary units of the relative frequency difference, with the output frequency signals of the piezoelectric sensors fi and f 2 .
  • the measuring channels of the device register a continuous stream of high-frequency digital signal.
  • Each interval of cardioid 18, lying within one degree, is characterized by many hundreds of instantaneous values, with a sufficient characteristic of 1-2 values. Therefore, the gradient graph is characterized by discrete values of the relative frequency difference at the points of the cardioid, uniformly distributed along the rotation path within the established averaging interval.
  • the point of the detected discrete gradient value of the cardioid 18 is the coordinate ⁇ in the plane of rotation ⁇ .
  • Figure 4 shows the graph of the gradient of the cardioid 19 plotted in the right direction of rotation 20, and the graph of the gradient of 21 for the left rotation of 22.
  • the distance L between the test masses (shoulder) of the gradient sensor is 15 ° with a step between the points of the graph of 15 ° .
  • the value of L is chosen for reasons of clarity of graphs.
  • Graphs of gradients 19 and 21 of cardioids 18 are plotted using palette 28 in FIG. Palette 28 is constructed as follows. Equipotential circles 29 centered at the pole “0” of cardioids 18 are drawn through the points of the calculated cardioid 18, corresponding to the ends of the radius vectors gcp-g z coscp ⁇ a ⁇ (points of the cardioid 1, 2 ... 23 in FIG. 3). circles 29 are drawn marked by thin lines of circles 30, which determine the geometric location of the binding values of the gradient. The distance between the circles 29 corresponds to the increment of the potential (gradient) along the radius of the palette. For example, the length of the segment c - d in Fig.
  • H is equal to the potential difference (gradient) between the ends of the radius vectors 15 and 16 of the cardioid with the anchor point of the gradient at point 31.
  • the circumferential distance between the points of the cardioid is 15 °.
  • the outer circumference of the pallet 28 with angular values corresponds to the conditional trajectory of the gradient sensor with the center of rotation at the pole of the cardioid "0".
  • the computer program for processing measurement materials contains a palette algorithm.
  • the detail of the gradient graph of cardioids is increased, reducing the size of the averaging interval, and increasing the number of discrete values characterizing the cardioid.
  • the abnormal intervals a - b and ai - bi of the cardioids in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are characterized by nine discrete values, including the points of the boundaries of the anomalous interval.
  • a graph of the potential field characteristic at the observation picket, cardioid 18, is built. Cardioids are calculated separately for each direction of rotation of the gradient sensor. Consistently summarize the discrete values of the gradient from the pole "0" in a closed loop with a summing step equal to the step of measuring the gradient. The control of the correct calculation of the cardioid is carried out at four points located on the cardioid through 90 ° in Fig.Z.
  • Each direction ⁇ of the cardioid 18 is characterized by two multidirectional radius vectors (g v + a c ) + (gq - a c ) lying on a straight line with a common pole “0”.
  • Figure 5 shows graphs of 1 A cardioids 18 with a hodograph 33 in a 2: 1 scale with hatched anomalous intervals, indicated as fragments 34 and 35.
  • the scale in Fig. 3 is taken as a unit of relative scale.
  • the abnormal interval a - b is selected in the form of fragment 34 and is formed by the sum of the moduli of radius vectors gq, + a c + Ag v .
  • fragment 34 is shown on a 5: 1 scale.
  • the abnormal interval ai - bi is characterized by the difference g ⁇ p - and c - Ag ⁇ p, forms the "imaginary" abnormal interval, designated as fragment 35.
  • the interval ai - bi is mirrored in the “0” pole relative to the interval a - b on fragment 34.
  • the pole plays the role of a focus that flips the image. If the effects of the vertical gradient are not taken into account, the measured values of Ag v in the upper and lower intervals of the cardioid graph are equal and have the same sign.
  • the points of the gradient graph 19 in Fig. 4 with abnormal intervals a - b and ai - bi are characterized by the same values of Ag ⁇ p. Since the abnormal intervals a - b and ai - bi characterize the same heterogeneity, their values are combined.
  • the combination is performed by projecting anomalous increments of the radius vectors Ag 9 in their direction to the normal hodograph and summing their modules.
  • the result is an abnormal interval A - B in locus 33 (Fig. 8), characterized by 2Ag ⁇ p.
  • the described technique doubles the relief of the anomalous interval and, accordingly, improves the quality of measurements.
  • the boundaries of the local anomalous interval g on the hodograph g 9 lie within a sector bounded by rays A and B, with a vertex in the center of rotation of the gradient sensor - pole 0.
  • the abnormal interval on the hodograph is characterized by the central angle and axis of the abnormal interval 36.
  • the abnormal increments associated with the influence of the planets have negative increments - Agc.
  • the coordinates of the center of mass of heterogeneity in the earth's interior are determined in Fig. 9 by determining the point 40 of intersection of the axial lines 41 with the resulting vectors of the anomalous regions r p defined at several observation points.
  • the observation points PK-1 and PK-2 in Fig. 9 are located on different sides relative to the center of mass of the heterogeneity with an excess density ⁇ in the earth's interior with an average density of the host rocks g 2 .
  • the geometric contours of density inhomogeneity are determined in a similar way 42.
  • the characteristic sections of the heterogeneity 42 in the bowels of the earth, the resulting vectors and its projections are displayed on the map and sections with geological information on an accepted scale.
  • Figure 10 and figure 1 1 shows the characteristics of the field on the earth's surface in the form of graphical models in the presence of local density heterogeneity in the bowels.
  • the GZ-cardioid 37 in FIG. 10 is obtained.
  • the surface of the ZO-cardioid 37 characterizes the potential surface of the field strength at the observation point in the conditions of measurements using a comparison measure - centripetal acceleration and c . Is subtracted from the LP-cardioid constant value comparison steps and q and 3D- obtained polar plot gq> 1 1 with abnormal region 39.
  • GE-polar plot characterizes gip the potential surface of the field strength in the form of a sphere 38 at the observation point with the resulting radius vector g z . From the abnormal intervals lying within the anomalous region 39, determine the resulting vector of the anomalous region r p , vertical r z and horizontal g x components - shown in Fig.9.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de sondage gravimétrique à distance et se rapporte au domaine de la géophysique en vue de déterminer l'accélération rayon-vecteur résultante d'une chute libre gz, sa caractéristique spatiale gφ et de déterminer la position spatiale de la non-uniformité de densité caractérisée par une anomalie à la surface de la terre et d'autres planètes. Le procédé consiste en un analogue de l'étude gravimétrique par satellite de la Terre et se caractérise par la disposition du centre de rotation de la masse de sondage par rapport à l'objet étudié et par les principes de mesure. Le procédé est mis en œuvre à l'aide d'un dispositif comprenant un capteur indicateur de zéro et un capteur gradient disposés sur un disque. Le disque est disposé dans un dispositif de coordonnées de manière à pouvoir tourner, ce qui permet de mesurer l'accélération de la chute libre gz et de ses composantes dans la direction gφ dans un espace 3D. L'obtention de la caractéristique spatiale du champ gravitationnel en unités en parts d'accélération de chute libre, le sondage à distance de noyaux de terres, la précision élevée et la plage illimitée de mesures sont de nouvelles propriétés qui augmentent les capacités de gravimétrie. Le procédé et le dispositif sont particulièrement utilisés pour révéler les détails d'anomalies gravimétriques en déterminant les paramètres qualitatifs d'objets étudiés, lors du contrôle des gisements de gaz et de pétrole qui se sont formés, lors de la définition des paramètres de déserts karstiques, de foyers d'activité volcanique et de résolution d'autres tâches géologiques et géophysiques, de tâches relevant de la géodésie et de la métrologie.
PCT/RU2014/000954 2014-08-18 2014-12-17 Procédé et dispositif de sondage gravimétrique à distance WO2016028189A1 (fr)

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RU2014133691/28A RU2581076C2 (ru) 2014-08-18 2014-08-18 Способ и устройство дистанционного гравиметрического зондирования

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114966877A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种重力矢量场建设方法、系统、介质、设备及终端

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WO1989011666A1 (fr) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-30 Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. Appareil et procede de mise a niveau d'un dispositif de mesure de la gravite
US6658935B1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2003-12-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Complemented absolute/relative full-tensor gravity gradiometer system
RU89723U1 (ru) * 2009-05-28 2009-12-10 Марина Анатольевна Касаточкина Мобильный абсолютный гравиметр для геологоразведочных работ, геофизических исследований и оперативного выявления очагов землетрясений (варианты)
GB2482085A (en) * 2007-08-02 2012-01-18 Arkex Ltd Generating a plot which represents locations of changes in the underlying geology of a region based on gravity gradient survey data
RU2504803C2 (ru) * 2011-11-23 2014-01-20 Геннадий Алексеевич Петренко Способ и устройство измерения ускорения свободного падения

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989011666A1 (fr) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-30 Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. Appareil et procede de mise a niveau d'un dispositif de mesure de la gravite
US6658935B1 (en) * 2001-03-07 2003-12-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Complemented absolute/relative full-tensor gravity gradiometer system
GB2482085A (en) * 2007-08-02 2012-01-18 Arkex Ltd Generating a plot which represents locations of changes in the underlying geology of a region based on gravity gradient survey data
RU89723U1 (ru) * 2009-05-28 2009-12-10 Марина Анатольевна Касаточкина Мобильный абсолютный гравиметр для геологоразведочных работ, геофизических исследований и оперативного выявления очагов землетрясений (варианты)
RU2504803C2 (ru) * 2011-11-23 2014-01-20 Геннадий Алексеевич Петренко Способ и устройство измерения ускорения свободного падения

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114966877A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-30 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种重力矢量场建设方法、系统、介质、设备及终端
CN114966877B (zh) * 2022-05-12 2024-05-14 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种重力矢量场建设方法、系统、介质、设备及终端

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