WO2016021375A1 - ランキンサイクルシステム - Google Patents
ランキンサイクルシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016021375A1 WO2016021375A1 PCT/JP2015/070126 JP2015070126W WO2016021375A1 WO 2016021375 A1 WO2016021375 A1 WO 2016021375A1 JP 2015070126 W JP2015070126 W JP 2015070126W WO 2016021375 A1 WO2016021375 A1 WO 2016021375A1
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- refrigerant
- gas
- liquid separator
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/22—Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P9/00—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00
- F01P9/06—Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00 by use of refrigerating apparatus, e.g. of compressor or absorber type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/22—Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
- F01P2003/2214—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/22—Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
- F01P2003/2214—Condensers
- F01P2003/2264—Separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
- F01P2005/105—Using two or more pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Rankine cycle system.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose Rankine cycle systems using a refrigerant for cooling an internal combustion engine.
- a refrigerant for cooling an internal combustion engine.
- a first pump for supplying a liquid phase refrigerant to the internal combustion engine; a steam generator for supplying waste gas of the internal combustion engine to the liquid phase refrigerant supplied from the gas / liquid separator and supplying the waste heat to the gas / liquid separator; A superheater that gives waste heat of the internal combustion engine to a gas-phase refrigerant supplied from the gas-liquid separator, an expander driven by the refrigerant supplied from the superheater, and supplied from the expander A condenser that condenses the refrigerant, and a second pump that supplies the refrigerant from the condenser to the gas-liquid separator.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a Rankine cycle system in which a reduction in recovery efficiency of waste heat of an internal combustion engine is suppressed.
- the object is to provide an internal combustion engine cooled by a refrigerant circulating inside, a gas-liquid separator, and supply a refrigerant from the internal combustion engine to the gas-liquid separator, and again from the gas-liquid separator to the internal combustion engine.
- a superheater that gives waste heat of the internal combustion engine to the gas-phase refrigerant supplied from the compressor, an expander driven by the refrigerant supplied from the superheater, and the refrigerant supplied from the expander are condensed A condenser, a second pump that supplies refrigerant from the condenser to the gas-liquid separator, a first control valve that controls a flow rate of refrigerant from the internal combustion engine to the gas-liquid separator, and an internal combustion engine If the refrigerant temperature is low, the refrigerant temperature in the internal combustion engine As compared to the case have a control unit for controlling the first control valve to the closing side can be achieved by the Rankine cycle system comprising a.
- the first control valve When the temperature of the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine is low, the first control valve is controlled to the closed side as compared with the case where the temperature of the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine is high, so that the relatively low temperature refrigerant is separated from the internal combustion engine. It is possible to suppress the supply to the steam generator, and it is possible to suppress the condensation of the gas-phase refrigerant supplied from the steam generator to the gas-liquid separator. Thereby, the fall of the supply amount of the gaseous-phase refrigerant
- the control unit controls the first control valve to be closed when the temperature of the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine is equal to or lower than a first predetermined value, and the temperature of the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine exceeds the first predetermined value.
- the first control valve may be controlled to the open side.
- a second control valve provided between the gas-liquid separator and the superheater, wherein the control unit is configured such that the temperature of the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine is equal to or lower than the first predetermined value and the steam generator
- the second control valve is closed when the temperature of the refrigerant in the steam generator is equal to or lower than a second predetermined value, and the temperature of the refrigerant in the steam generator exceeds the second predetermined value, or the refrigerant in the internal combustion engine When the temperature exceeds the first predetermined value, the second control valve may be opened.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine cooled by a refrigerant circulating in the interior, a gas-liquid separator, and supply the refrigerant from the internal combustion engine to the gas-liquid separator, and again from the gas-liquid separator to the internal combustion engine.
- a second path through which the refrigerant can flow and liquid phase refrigerant to the internal combustion engine When the temperature of the liquid refrigerant supplied from the second path is lower than a predetermined value, the first path is provided at a junction of the possible third path and the first, second, and third paths. The path is blocked and the second and third paths are communicated. When the temperature of the liquid-phase refrigerant supplied from the second path is higher than the predetermined value, the second path is blocked and the first and first paths are blocked. This can be achieved by a Rankine cycle system equipped with a thermostat communicating three paths.
- the thermostat When the temperature of the liquid-phase refrigerant supplied from the second path is lower than a predetermined value, the thermostat shuts off the first path and connects the second and third paths, so that the relatively low-temperature refrigerant is removed from the internal combustion engine.
- Supply to the gas-liquid separator can be suppressed, and condensation of the gas-phase refrigerant supplied from the steam generator to the gas-liquid separator can be suppressed.
- coolant from a gas-liquid separator to a superheater and an expander can be suppressed, and the fall of the recovery efficiency of the waste heat of an internal combustion engine can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Rankine cycle system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of control executed by the ECU after the engine is started.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Rankine cycle system according to a modification.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Rankine cycle system according to a modification.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of control executed by the ECU after the engine is started.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system 1.
- the system 1 is mounted on a vehicle.
- the system 1 uses a refrigerant for cooling the engine 11.
- a water jacket 13 (W / J) is provided in the engine 11, and the pump 12 pumps the refrigerant to the water jacket 13.
- the pump 12 may be a mechanical type driven by the power of the crankshaft of the engine 11 or an electric water pump driven by a motor.
- a mechanical water pump is used as an example of the pump 12.
- the pump 12 starts pumping the refrigerant as the engine 11 starts.
- the pump 12 is an example of a first pump.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant pumped from the pump 12 flows through the water jacket 13 and is discharged from the engine 11.
- the refrigerant can boil due to the heat of the engine 11 when it flows through the water jacket 13.
- the refrigerant further absorbs the heat of the engine 11 as latent heat during the boiling. In this way, the engine 11 is cooled.
- a refrigerant containing ethylene glycol and water is used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the system 1 includes a gas-liquid separator 30 (GLS), a steam generator 50 (ESG), a superheater 60 (SH), a turbine 70 (TB), a condenser 80 (CND), a catch tank 90 (CT), and a pump 100. (Pb), various passages through which the refrigerant passes, and ECU 120.
- GLS gas-liquid separator 30
- ESG steam generator 50
- SH superheater 60
- TB turbine 70
- CND condenser 80
- CT catch tank 90
- Pb pump 100.
- the passage 110 a communicates the discharge port of the engine 11 and the supply port of the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the passage 110b communicates the discharge port of the gas-liquid separator 30 and the supply port of the superheater 60.
- the passage 110 c communicates the discharge port of the superheater 60 and the supply port of the turbine 70.
- the passage 110 d communicates the exhaust port of the turbine 70 and the supply port of the condenser 80.
- the passage 110e communicates the discharge port of the condenser 80 and the supply port of the catch tank 90.
- the passage 110f communicates the discharge port of the catch tank 90 and the supply port of the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the passage 110h communicates the discharge port of the gas-liquid separator 30 and the supply port of the steam generator 50.
- the passage 110 i communicates the discharge port of the steam generator 50 and the supply port of the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the passage 110j communicates the discharge port of the gas-liquid separator 30 and the supply port of
- the passage 110b is connected to the upper side of the liquid level refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 and can supply the gas-phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 to the superheater 60.
- the passages 110h and 110j are connected to a lower side than the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30, and the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the engine 11 and the steam generator 50, respectively. It can be supplied.
- the passage 110 i is connected to the upper side of the liquid phase refrigerant level of the gas-liquid separator 30, and can supply the gas-phase separator 30 generated by the vapor generator 50 to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the liquid level sensor 130 detects the liquid level of the liquid phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the temperature sensor 131 is provided in the steam generator 50 and detects the temperature of the liquid-phase refrigerant in the steam generator 50.
- the temperature sensor 132 is provided in the engine 11 and detects the temperature of the liquid refrigerant in the water jacket 13. These sensors output the detection result to the ECU 120.
- the temperature sensor 132 may be provided in the vicinity of the outlet of the water jacket 13 communicating with the passage 110a, or may be provided in the passage 110a.
- Control valves 140a (Va) and 140b (Vb) open and close passages 110a and 110b, respectively, according to commands from ECU 120.
- the passage 110 a communicates the water jacket 13 of the engine 11 and the gas-liquid separator 30, and the control valve 140 a is a first control valve that controls the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from the engine 11 to the gas-liquid separator 30. It is an example.
- the passage 110b communicates the gas-liquid separator 30 and the superheater 60, and the control valve 140b is a second control that controls the flow rate of the gas-phase refrigerant supplied from the gas-liquid separator 30 to the superheater 60. It is an example of a valve.
- the refrigerant discharged from the water jacket 13 of the engine 11 passes through the passage 110a and is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the refrigerant discharged from the water jacket 13 includes a liquid-phase refrigerant and a gas-phase refrigerant depending on the refrigerant temperature. For example, when the temperature of the engine 11 is low and the refrigerant temperature is low, a liquid-phase refrigerant is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30. When the temperature of the engine 11 is high, a liquid-phase refrigerant and a gas-phase refrigerant are supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the gas-liquid separator 30 separates the supplied refrigerant into a gas phase and a liquid phase.
- the gas-phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the superheater 60 through the passage 110b when the control valve 140b is open.
- the superheater 60 superheats the refrigerant with the waste heat of the engine 11 to form superheated steam.
- the heat of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage of the engine 11 is used as an example of the waste heat of the engine 11.
- the superheater 60 is provided upstream of the steam generator 50 in the exhaust passage of the engine 11.
- the refrigerant superheated by the superheater 60 is supplied as superheated steam to the turbine 70 via the passage 110c.
- the turbine 70 rotates upon receiving the supplied superheated steam.
- a generator (not shown) is connected to the turbine 70. The generator generates electricity when the turbine 70 rotates.
- the waste heat of the engine 11 is recovered as electric power of the generator.
- the refrigerant that is superheated steam expands by rotating the turbine 70. Therefore, the turbine 70 functions as an expander of the system 1.
- the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the turbine 70 is supplied to the condenser 80 through the passage 110d.
- the condenser 80 is a so-called condenser that condenses the gas-phase refrigerant into a liquid-phase refrigerant.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant discharged from the condenser 80 is supplied to the catch tank 90 via the passage 110e.
- the catch tank 90 temporarily stores the refrigerant discharged from the condenser 80.
- the pump 100 is driven in response to an instruction from the ECU 120. When the pump 100 disposed in the passage 110f is driven, the refrigerant in the catch tank 90 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30 through the passage 110f.
- the pump 100 is, for example, an electric positive displacement water pump, but is not limited thereto.
- the pump 100 is an example of a second pump.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the steam generator 50 through the passage 110h.
- the steam generator 50 heats the liquid-phase refrigerant with the waste heat of the engine 11 and discharges it as steam.
- the heat of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage of the engine 11 is used as an example of the waste heat of the engine 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the steam generator 50 passes through the passage 110i and is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant stored in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the pump 12 through the passage 110j and supplied to the water jacket 13 of the engine 11.
- the gas-liquid separator 30 is disposed at a higher position in the direction of gravity than the steam generator 50. Therefore, the liquid phase refrigerant stored in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the steam generator 50 through the passage 110h mainly using gravity.
- the ECU 120 controls the control valves 140a and 140b to open and close the passages 110a and 110b. As will be described in detail later, the ECU 120 controls the opening degree of the control valve 140a according to the temperature of the refrigerant in the engine 11. The ECU 120 controls the opening degree of the control valve 140b in accordance with the temperature of the refrigerant in the steam generator 50. The ECU 120 also controls the pump 100. The ECU 120 also controls the operating state of the engine 11 by controlling the fuel injection amount, fuel injection timing, and the like of the engine 11.
- the ECU 120 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory).
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of control executed by the ECU 120 after the engine 11 is started. 2, it is assumed that the control valves 140a and 140b are open, and a predetermined amount of liquid-phase refrigerant is stored in the gas-liquid separator 30.
- step S1 determines whether or not the refrigerant temperature in water jacket 13 acquired based on the detection result of temperature sensor 132 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value (step S1).
- the predetermined value in step S ⁇ b> 1 is a refrigerant temperature at which the turbine 70 can be driven when supplied to the turbine 70 via the gas-liquid separator 30 and the superheater 60.
- the predetermined value is 80 ° C.
- This predetermined value is stored in advance in the ROM of the ECU 120.
- This predetermined value is an example of a first predetermined value.
- the case of Yes in step S1 corresponds to the case where the warm-up of the engine 11 is not completed, that is, the case where the warm-up operation is being performed.
- the case of No in step S1 corresponds to the case after the warm-up of the engine 11 is completed.
- step S2 ECU 120 closes control valve 140a (step S2). Thereby, supply of the low-temperature refrigerant to the gas-liquid separator 30 is stopped.
- the ECU 120 determines whether or not the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 acquired based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 131 is lower than a predetermined value (step S3).
- the predetermined value in step S3 is the refrigerant temperature that can drive the turbine 70 when supplied to the turbine 70 via the gas-liquid separator 30 and the superheater 60.
- the predetermined value is 80 ° C.
- This predetermined value is stored in advance in the ROM of the ECU 120.
- This predetermined value is an example of a second predetermined value.
- the case of Yes in step S3 corresponds to the case where the warm-up of the system 1 is not completed.
- the case of No in step S3 corresponds to the case after the warm-up of the system 1 is completed.
- step S4 the ECU 120 closes the control valve 140b (step S4). Thereby, the refrigerant supply to the superheater 60 is stopped. In this case, the turbine 70 is not driven. Moreover, the refrigerant circulates between the gas-liquid separator 30 and the steam generator 50 by closing both the control valves 140a and 140b. Step S4 is executed until it is determined No in Step S3, that is, until the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 exceeds a predetermined value.
- step S5 ECU 120 opens control valve 140b (step S5).
- the gas-phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the superheater 60, the superheater 60 generates superheated steam, and the superheated steam is supplied to the turbine 70. Thereby, the turbine 70 is driven. Further, the internal pressure of the gas-liquid separator 30 is lowered by opening the control valve 140b. Thereby, the internal pressure of the steam generator 50 communicated with the gas-liquid separator 30 via the passage 110i is also reduced. As a result, the boiling of the refrigerant in the steam generator 50 is facilitated.
- step S6 the ECU 120 opens the control valve 140a (step S6), and also opens the control valve 140b (step S5).
- step S6 the refrigerant discharged from the engine 11 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30, and the refrigerant discharged from the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the superheater 60.
- superheated steam is generated by the superheater 60, the superheated steam is supplied to the turbine 70, and the turbine 70 is driven.
- the control valves 140a and 140b are closed.
- the case where the refrigerant temperature is determined to be equal to or lower than the predetermined value in steps S1 and S3 is immediately after the cold start of the engine 11, for example.
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 circulates between the gas-liquid separator 30 and the steam generator 50, and the superheater 60 and the turbine 70 are kept until the refrigerant temperature discharged from the steam generator 50 exceeds a predetermined value. It is prohibited to supply a gas-phase refrigerant.
- step S1 If it is determined in step S1 that the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 is equal to or lower than the predetermined value, even if it is determined in step S3 that the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 has exceeded the predetermined value, the control valve 140a is The valve is closed and the control valve 140b is opened. As a result, if the refrigerant in the steam generator 50 exceeds a predetermined value even if the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 is low, the gas phase liquid phase generated by the steam generator 50 is changed to gas-liquid.
- the turbine 70 can be driven through the separator 30 and the superheater 60 and can be driven. As described above, even when the engine 11 is still in the cold state, when the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 is relatively high, the liquid-phase refrigerant generated by the steam generator 50 is quickly removed from the turbine 70. And the system 1 can be operated.
- step S1 When it is determined in step S1 that the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 has exceeded a predetermined value, the control valves 140a and 140b are opened, and the refrigerant is supplied from the water jacket 13 to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the gas-phase refrigerant in 30 is supplied to the superheater 60 and the turbine 70.
- the control valve 140b is opened even when the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.
- the case where the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 exceeds a predetermined value means the case where the engine 11 is in a warm-up state. When the engine 11 is in a warm-up state, the refrigerant in the steam generator 50 is not heated. Regardless of the temperature, the gas-phase refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the turbine 70. Thereby, the turbine 70 can be driven as early as possible after the engine 11 is in a warm-air state.
- the low-temperature refrigerant in the water jacket 13 is prohibited from being supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the system 1 can be operated at an early stage, and the reduction in the recovery efficiency of the waste heat of the engine 11 can be suppressed, and the improvement in fuel efficiency can be suppressed.
- the steam generator 50 uses the heat of the exhaust gas that becomes high temperature early as a heat source even after the engine 11 is cold started, and the steam generator 50 has a relatively small heat capacity. For this reason, it takes no time for the steam generator 50 to reach a high temperature, and the time required for the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 to exceed a predetermined value is relatively short.
- the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 may first exceed the predetermined value before the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 exceeds the predetermined value.
- the system 1 can be operated at an early stage by using the gas-phase refrigerant discharged from the steam generator 50 that becomes hot at an early stage.
- the opening degree of the control valve 140a may be controlled according to the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13.
- the ECU 120 controls the opening side so that the opening degree of the control valve 140a increases as the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 increases, and the opening degree of the control valve 140a decreases as the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 decreases. You may control to a close side so that it may become.
- the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 is low, the flow rate of the liquid-phase refrigerant supplied to the gas-liquid separator 30 can be suppressed, and the gas-phase refrigerant generated by the steam generator 50 is separated from the gas-liquid. Condensation in the vessel 30 can be suppressed.
- the first and second predetermined values that are the conditions for opening and closing the control valves 140a and 140b are the same value, but may be different.
- 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams showing the overall configuration of the system 1a.
- the system 1a includes the thermostat 20 and does not include the control valve 140a.
- the passage 110k communicates the discharge port of the gas-liquid separator 30 and the first supply port of the thermostat 20 so that liquid-phase refrigerant can flow from the gas-liquid separator 30.
- the passage 110 l communicates with the discharge port of the engine 11 and the second supply port of the thermostat 20, and allows liquid phase refrigerant to flow from the engine 11.
- the passage 110 m communicates the discharge port of the thermostat 20 and the supply port of the pump 12, and can supply liquid phase refrigerant to the engine 11.
- the thermostat 20 is provided at the junction of the passages 110k, 110l, and 110m.
- the thermostat 20 includes a valve body 22.
- the valve body 22 connects the passages 110l and 110m and blocks the passage 110k.
- the valve body 22 blocks the passage 110l and connects the passages 110k and 110m. Therefore, when the passage 110k is blocked, the supply of the refrigerant from the gas-liquid separator 30 to the engine 11 is prohibited.
- the passage 110k and the passage 110m communicate with each other, the refrigerant is supplied from the gas-liquid separator 30 to the engine 11.
- FIG. 3 shows a state in which the passages 110l and 110m communicate with each other and the passage 110k is blocked.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the passages 110k and 110m communicate with each other and the passage 110l is blocked.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of control executed by the ECU 120a after the engine 11 is started.
- the ECU 120a determines whether or not the refrigerant temperature in the steam generator 50 acquired based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 131 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value (step S1a).
- the predetermined value is, for example, 80 ° C.
- step S2a If it is determined Yes in step S1a, the ECU 120a closes the control valve 140b (step S2a). The supply of the refrigerant to the superheater 60 is stopped by closing the control valve 140b in step S2a.
- step S3a ECU 120 opens control valve 140b (step S3a). As a result, the refrigerant discharged from the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the superheater 60.
- step S4a determines whether or not the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the water jacket 13 acquired based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 132 is equal to or lower than a predetermined value (step S4a).
- the valve body 22 of the thermostat 20 connects the passages 110l and 110m as shown in FIG. 3 and blocks the passage 110k. .
- the refrigerant passing through the water jacket 13 circulates in the water jacket 13 through the passages 110l and 110m.
- the passage 110 a connected to the water jacket 13 extends vertically above the engine 11, whereas the passage 110 l extends below the engine 11. For this reason, in a state where the passages 110l and 110m communicate with each other, the refrigerant flows into the passage 110l before flowing from the water jacket 13 to the passage 110a.
- step S4a a relatively high temperature refrigerant is supplied from the water jacket 13 into the thermostat 20 so that the valve body 22 becomes hot, and the valve body 22 blocks the passage 110l as shown in FIG. , 110m. Accordingly, the circulation of the refrigerant is prohibited through the passages 110l and 110m, and the refrigerant is supplied from the water jacket 13 to the gas-liquid separator 30. Further, in the case of No in step S4a, the ECU 120a opens the control valve 140b (step S5a). As a result, the refrigerant discharged from the gas-liquid separator 30 is supplied to the superheater 60.
- the refrigerant when the refrigerant temperature in the water jacket 13 is relatively low, the refrigerant circulates through the engine 11 through the passage 110l, the thermostat 20, and the passage 110m.
- coolant when the gaseous-phase refrigerant
- the passage 110l When the temperature of the refrigerant in the water jacket 13 becomes relatively high, the passage 110l is blocked and the circulation of the refrigerant through the passages 110l and 110m is suppressed, and the refrigerant is supplied from the gas-liquid separator 30 to the water jacket 13. .
- the passage 110l By blocking the passage 110l in this way, a refrigerant having a temperature exceeding a predetermined value is supplied from the water jacket 13 to the gas-liquid separator 30.
Abstract
Description
11 内燃機関
13 ウォータジャケット
20 サーモスタット
30 気液分離器
50 蒸気発生器
60 過熱器
70 タービン
80 凝縮器
110k、110l、110m 通路
120 ECU
Claims (4)
- 内部を循環する冷媒により冷却される内燃機関と、
気液分離器と、
前記内燃機関から前記気液分離器に冷媒を供給し再び前記気液分離器から前記内燃機関に液相の冷媒を供給する第1ポンプと、
前記気液分離器から供給される液相の冷媒に前記内燃機関の廃熱を与えて前記気液分離器に供給する蒸気発生器と、
前記気液分離器から供給される気相の冷媒に前記内燃機関の廃熱を与える過熱器と、
前記過熱器から供給される冷媒によって駆動される膨張機と、
前記膨張機から供給される冷媒が凝縮される凝縮器と、
前記凝縮器から前記気液分離器に冷媒を供給する第2ポンプと、
前記内燃機関から前記気液分離器への冷媒の流量を制御する第1制御弁と、
前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が低い場合、前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が高い場合に比べて、前記第1制御弁を閉じ側に制御する制御部と、を備えたランキンサイクルシステム。 - 前記制御部は、前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が第1所定値以下の場合に前記第1制御弁を閉じ側に制御し、前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が前記第1所定値を超えている場合に前記第1制御弁を開き側に制御する、請求項1のランキンサイクルシステム。
- 前記気液分離器と前記過熱器との間に設けられた第2制御弁を備え、
前記制御部は、前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が前記第1所定値以下でありかつ前記蒸気発生器内の冷媒の温度が第2所定値以下の場合に前記第2制御弁を閉じ、前記蒸気発生器内の冷媒の温度が前記第2所定値を超えている場合、又は前記内燃機関内の冷媒の温度が前記第1所定値を超えている場合に前記第2制御弁を開く、請求項2のランキンサイクルシステム。 - 内部を循環する冷媒により冷却される内燃機関と、
気液分離器と、
前記内燃機関から前記気液分離器に冷媒を供給し再び前記気液分離器から前記内燃機関に液相の冷媒を供給する第1ポンプと、
前記気液分離器から供給される液相の冷媒に前記内燃機関の廃熱を与えて前記気液分離器に供給する蒸気発生器と、
前記気液分離器から供給される気相の冷媒に前記内燃機関の廃熱を与える過熱器と、
前記過熱器から供給される冷媒によって駆動される膨張機と、
前記膨張機から供給される冷媒が凝縮される凝縮器と、
前記凝縮器から前記気液分離器に冷媒を供給する第2ポンプと、
前記気液分離器から液相の冷媒が流通可能な第1経路と、
前記内燃機関から液相の冷媒が流通可能な第2経路と、
前記内燃機関へ液相の冷媒を供給可能な第3経路と、
前記第1、第2、及び第3経路の合流箇所に設けられ、前記第2経路から供給される液相の冷媒の温度が所定値よりも低い場合に前記第1経路を遮断し前記第2及び第3経路を連通し、前記第2経路から供給される液相の冷媒の温度が前記所定値よりも高い場合に前記第2経路を遮断し前記第1及び第3経路を連通するサーモスタットと、を備えたランキンサイクルシステム。
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US15/328,158 US10240512B2 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-07-14 | Rankine cycle system |
DE112015003620.2T DE112015003620B4 (de) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-07-14 | Rankine-prozess-system |
CN201580030071.9A CN106460630B (zh) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-07-14 | 兰金循环系统 |
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JPS6449539A (en) | 1987-08-19 | 1989-02-27 | Fukuda Denshi Kk | Bioinductive electrode |
JPH088745B2 (ja) | 1987-09-30 | 1996-01-29 | 新電元工業株式会社 | バッテリー充放電回路 |
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JP2008169760A (ja) | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 廃熱回収装置 |
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JP2010223116A (ja) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | エンジンの冷却装置 |
JP5376046B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-12-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ランキンサイクルシステム |
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JP2009191625A (ja) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 廃熱回収装置 |
JP2011132922A (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-07-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 廃熱回収装置 |
JP2012149539A (ja) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-08-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | ランキンサイクルシステム装置 |
JP2012172617A (ja) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-09-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | ランキンサイクルシステムの制御装置 |
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US10240512B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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