Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
  • F01K19/02—Regenerating by compression
  • F01K19/04—Regenerating by compression in combination with cooling or heating

Definitions

• Thermal energy equipment comprising a steam turbine and an operation method of the thermal energy equipment
• the invention relates to thermal energy equipment comprising a steam turbine and an operation method of the thermal energy equipment.
• thermal energy equipment With reference to fig. 1, thermal energy equipment according to the prior art comprises a compressor 7 that aspirates wet, saturated or superheated steam.
• the steam pressure at the compressor 7 inlet corresponds to the pressure after the condenser 8.
• the outlet pressure equals to the working pressure before the turbine 4.
• the steam boiler 1 or exchanger heat is supplied.
• the heat supply is stopped in the superheater 2 by reaching of the working temperature before the turbine 4.
• Steam expands from the working pressure before the turbine 4 to the pressure after the turbine 4 which corresponds to the pressure in the condenser 8.
• heat is removed and transferred to the environment.
• the goal of the invention is to provide such a design of thermal energy equipment containing a steam turbine that achieves high technological efficiency as compared to all hitherto practically used thermal energy equipment containing a steam turbine and that does not exhibit the above mentioned disadvantages of the design according to PV 2013-679.
• thermal energy equipment in accordance with the present invention containing a turbine for expansion of the input working media and delivery of work, a compression means for compression of the working media to the pressure value that corresponds to the working media pressure before the turbine, and a superheater for supply of heat to the working media before its entry into the turbine, the principle of the thermal energy equipment being that the compression means is arranged in such a way that at least a part of the working media that left the turbine is supplied to it, wherein this part of the working media is directed to the compression means without the working media being, after leaving the turbine and before entering the compression means, cooled in a cooling device as a cooler or condenser, and further that heat is removed intentionally from the working media - i.e. not through heat losses - out of the thermal energy equipment exclusively in the section between the entry of the working media to the compression means and its exit from the compression means.
• the above mentioned “intentional” heat removal means targeted, i.e. desired heat removal as opposed to heat removal that occurs in all real ⁇ i.e. not theoretically idealized) equipment due to heat transfer losses, which cannot be prevented in practice.
• the only intentional removal of heat from the thermal energy equipment occurs in the section before the entry to the compression means and exit from it.
• the compression means may preferentially comprise several compressors and then the entry to the compression means refers to the entry to the first compressor and the exit from the compression means refers to the exit from the last compressor included in the compression means.
• the above mentioned intentional removal preferentially has the form of removal for further use, e.g. to a heat duct for heating.
• This is enabled by the fact that the arrangement of the thermal energy equipment in accordance with this invention gives the removed heat such parameters that it can be used e.g. for heating.
• the compression means comprises at least one isothermal compressor for isothermal compression of the working media while one of these isothermal compressors is arranged at the entry to the compression means and at least one adiabatic compressor for adiabatic compression of the working media.
• the compression means comprises just one isothermal compressor and just one adiabatic compressor whose working media inlet is connected to the working media outlet of the isothermal compressor and is configured for adiabatic compression of the working media to the pressure value that corresponds to the pressure of the working media before the turbine, wherein the heat produced in the isothermal compressor is extracted out of the thermal energy equipment.
• the turbine, the generator driven by the turbine, the isothermal compressor and the adiabatic compressor are mounted on a common shaft that drives them.
• the turbine has two stages, wherein its second stage is mounted on a common shaft with its first stage, drives the generator and is designed with single or multiple supplementary heating of the working media to increase the thermal efficiency of the thermal energy equipment.
• the turbine has two stages, wherein its second stage drives the generator by means of the second shaft and its first stage drives the isothermal compressor and the adiabatic compressor by means of the first shaft, in order to enable the use of an optimum speed of the compressors.
• a gearbox may be installed between the turbine and the generator to enable generator work at a synchronous speed.
• the working media is conveniently water steam, but it may also be carbon dioxide or air.
• Another object of the invention is the method of operation of the thermal energy equipment containing a turbine, wherein working media is supplied to the turbine to expand in the turbine and deliver work, the method comprising compression of the working media in the compression means to the pressure value that corresponds to the working media pressure before the turbine and directing of the working media to the superheater where heat is supplied to the working media and the working media is further supplied to the turbine, wherein the principle of the method is that at least a part of the working media is supplied to the compression means after leaving the turbine without this part of the working media being, after leaving the turbine and before entering the compression means, cooled in a cooling device as a cooler or condenser, and further that heat is removed intentionally from the working media - i.e. not through heat losses - out of the thermal energy equipment exclusively in the section between the entry of the working media to the compression means and its exit from the compression means.
• all the working media that expanded in the turbine is supplied to the compression means.
• the compression means comprises at least one isothermal compressor, wherein one of these isothermal compressors is arranged at the entry into the compression means so that the working media, after entering the compression means, is first isothermally compressed, and at least one adiabatic compressor for adiabatic compression of the working media, so that immediately before leaving the compression means the working media is adiabatically compressed.
• the compression means comprises just one isothermal compressor and just one adiabatic compressor so that the working media is isothermally compressed after leaving the turbine, wherein the heat generated by this isothermal compression is intentionally extracted out of the thermal energy equipment and then the working media is compressed in an adiabatic way to the pressure value that corresponds to the working media pressure before the turbine.
• water steam is used as the working media, but carbon dioxide or air may also be used.
• the compression means contains an isothermal compressor, an adiabatic compressor, a device for supply of heat at a constant pressure and a turbine whose parameters at the end of the expansion are equal to the parameters at the entry into the isothermal compressor.
• the invention eliminates the above mentioned disadvantages and achieves a new quality by converting the supplied heat to mechanical work with thermal efficiency that exceeds 60%, wherein the removed heat is additionally used, having such a high temperature that it can be directly used in a heat duct for heating.
• - fig. 1 shows a schematic layout of thermal energy equipment in accordance with the prior art
• - fig. 3 and 4 show the Pressure - Enthalpy diagram for a compression thermal steam cycle with heat removal with isothermal compression according to the invention
• fig. 5 shows the Pressure - Enthalpy logP-H diagram illustrating a comparison of the Rankine cycle to the compression thermal steam cycle with isothermal compression according to this invention
• Fig. 1 schematically shows the layout of the prior-art thermal energy equipment that was described in the paragraph "Background information”.
• Fig. 2 schematically shows the first example of an embodiment of the thermal energy equipment in accordance with the invention.
• the thermal steam circuit can be described as follows :
• the isothermal compressor 7a aspirates steam that left the turbine 4 after expansion.
• the steam pressure at the entry into the isothermal compressor 7a corresponds to the pressure after the turbine 4.
• the isothermal compression heat is generated that is conveniently extracted out of the thermal energy equipment, e.g. to a heat duct for heating.
• the turbine 4 the generator 5 driven by the turbine, the isothermal compressor 7a and the adiabatic compressor 7b are driven by a common drive shaft.
• Fig. 3 and 4 show a diagram for the compression thermal steam cycle with isothermal compression in accordance with the present invention.
• the diagrams comprise the following stages:
• Heat may also be supplied through multiple divided expansion as indicated by points A-B-C in fig. 3.
• fig. 5 shows a comparison of the Rankine cycle to the compression thermal steam cycle with isothermal compression according to this invention. In particular, the following values are achieved:
• Fig. 6 schematically shows the second example of an embodiment of the thermal energy equipment in accordance with the invention, which additionally, compared to the first embodiment example, contains a gearbox 3 between the turbine 4 and the generator 5, which allows the generator 5 to work at a synchronous speed.
• Fig. 7 schematically shows the third example of an embodiment of the thermal energy equipment in accordance with - li
• the turbine 4 has two stages, wherein its second stage 4b drives the generator 5 by means of the second shaft 9 and its first stage 4a uses the first shaft 6 to drive the isothermal compressor 7a and adiabatic compressor 7b.
• This arrangement makes it possible to use an optimum speed of the compressors 7a, 7b.
• Fig. 8 schematically shows the fourth example of an embodiment of the thermal energy equipment in accordance with the invention, where the turbine 4 has two stages.
• the second stage 4b of the turbine 4 drives the generator 5.
• the first stage 4a of the turbine 4, the second stage 4b of the turbine 4, the generator 5, isothermal compressor 7a and adiabatic compressor 7b are driven by a common drive shaft.
• the second stage 4b of the turbine 4 is designed with supplementary heating of the working media, which may even be multiple, which further increases the thermal efficiency.
• the preferred working media is steam, but the present invention can also be used with other working media such as for example carbon dioxide or air.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 2014
  • 2014-08-08 CZ CZ2014-535A patent/CZ2014535A3/cs unknown
  • 2014-08-08 CZ CZ2014-30226U patent/CZ28099U1/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
  • 2015-07-28 WO PCT/CZ2015/000082 patent/WO2016019927A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (5)

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