WO2016019806A1 - 电流互感器 - Google Patents

电流互感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019806A1
WO2016019806A1 PCT/CN2015/084896 CN2015084896W WO2016019806A1 WO 2016019806 A1 WO2016019806 A1 WO 2016019806A1 CN 2015084896 W CN2015084896 W CN 2015084896W WO 2016019806 A1 WO2016019806 A1 WO 2016019806A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
current transformer
secondary winding
branch
closed
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Application number
PCT/CN2015/084896
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万祥军
苏蓓璐
王军
陈正馨
冯璟
Original Assignee
上海电科电器科技有限公司
浙江正泰电器股份有限公司
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Application filed by 上海电科电器科技有限公司, 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海电科电器科技有限公司
Priority to EP15830389.1A priority Critical patent/EP3179494B1/en
Priority to AU2015299568A priority patent/AU2015299568B2/en
Priority to CA2956287A priority patent/CA2956287C/en
Priority to US15/502,054 priority patent/US10340079B2/en
Priority to ES15830389T priority patent/ES2921487T3/es
Publication of WO2016019806A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019806A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H01F27/2828—Construction of conductive connections, of leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/04—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of low voltage electrical appliances and, more particularly, to a current transformer for powering an electronic trip unit.
  • the function of the circuit breaker is to switch on, disconnect and carry the rated operating current, and to protect the fault current such as short circuit and overload.
  • the circuit breaker can automatically cut off the circuit without reliable external power supply for reliable protection.
  • the breaking device in the circuit breaker is used to realize the breaking action, and the breaking device supplies electric energy through the current transformer, and the electric energy comes from the current flowing through the primary conductor of the circuit breaker, that is, the primary current.
  • Figure 1 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer commonly used in the prior art.
  • the current transformer includes: a closed magnetic circuit 101.
  • the closed magnetic circuit 101 is a laminated or wound soft magnetic metal piece.
  • the riveting member 102 connects the soft magnetic metal pieces together to form a closed magnetic circuit 101. .
  • the closed magnetic circuit 101 completely surrounds the primary conductor 107.
  • the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit 101 (the upper portion shown in FIG. 1) is designed to have a corresponding shape.
  • the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit 101 is curved to Adapt to the circular primary conductor 107.
  • the second portion (the lower portion shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 2 discloses a structural view of a secondary winding used in the prior art.
  • the main structure of the secondary winding is an insulating bobbin 204, and the insulating bobbin 204 is hollow to form a cavity 203 through which the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit 101 passes (refer to FIG. 1).
  • a wire 205 is wound around the insulating bobbin 204, and the wire 205 forms a coil, and the number of turns of the coil can be set as needed.
  • the wire 205 is covered by the insulating layer 201.
  • the wire 205 leads out two leads 206 that extend outside of the insulating layer 201.
  • Both ends of the insulating bobbin 204 form a sheet-like structure 202, which isolates the magnetic circuit from the wires.
  • the sheet structure 202 is formed by the outward expansion of the insulating skeleton 204, and thus the sheet structure 202 It has a larger cross-sectional area than the insulating bobbin 204.
  • the current transformer having such a structure has a good linear output characteristic in the case where the primary current does not reach a large current for saturating the magnetic material. When the primary current increases, the secondary current also increases proportionally, making it meet the power supply requirements of the circuit breaker protection device.
  • the volume becomes a major factor affecting the performance of the current transformer. Due to the limitation of the volume, the volume of the current transformer generally cannot be increased indefinitely.
  • the housing of the current transformer is also small, which makes the magnetic path volume of the current transformer and the number of turns of the coil on the secondary winding. Both are limited.
  • the present invention proposes a novel current transformer that provides more secondary windings in the same volume to increase the output energy of the secondary winding.
  • a current transformer comprising:
  • the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit forms a secondary winding, and the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit serves as a magnetic core of the secondary winding;
  • the closed magnetic circuit branches in the second portion to form a plurality of branch magnetic circuits, and each of the branch magnetic circuits forms a secondary winding, and each of the branch magnetic circuits serves as a core of the corresponding secondary winding, and each secondary winding is in length and height. And at least one of the thicknesses are offset from each other.
  • the plurality of branch magnetic circuits formed by the bifurcation of the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit are offset from each other in the length and height directions, and each of the branch magnetic circuits forms a closed magnetic circuit with the first portion, wherein one of the branch magnetic fields The road forms a closed main magnetic circuit with the first part, and the remaining branch magnetic circuit and the first Part of the formation of a closed secondary magnetic circuit.
  • the total height of the respective branch magnetic circuits of the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit in the height direction is equal to the height of the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit.
  • each secondary winding comprises:
  • An insulating skeleton, the insulating skeleton is hollow to form a cavity, and a branch magnetic circuit passes through the cavity to form a magnetic core forming a secondary winding;
  • a wire is wound around the insulating skeleton, the wire is covered by the insulating layer, and the wire of each secondary winding leads out two leads extending outside the insulating layer;
  • Both ends of the insulating skeleton form a sheet-like structure, and the sheet structure isolates the magnetic circuit and the wires.
  • the insulating skeletons of the respective secondary windings have different lengths such that the sheet-like structures at both ends of the respective insulating bobbins are staggered from each other in the thickness direction.
  • the enclosed magnetic circuit is a soft magnetic metal sheet, the first portion of the enclosed magnetic circuit is curved, surrounding the circular primary conductor; or the first portion of the enclosed magnetic circuit is square, surrounding the square primary conductor.
  • the plurality of secondary windings have different sizes and numbers of turns.
  • several secondary windings have the same size and number of turns.
  • the current transformer of the invention fully utilizes the idle space in the current transformer, and arranges a plurality of secondary windings in a spatially staggered manner, and the plurality of secondary windings enable the total energy outputted by the circuit transformer to be significantly increased, in the same It can get more output energy under the volume and improve the performance of the circuit breaker under low current conditions.
  • Figure 1 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer used in the prior art.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the secondary winding of the current transformer.
  • Figure 3 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a current transformer along with a transformer housing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the amount of energy that the current transformer can output depends on the number of turns of the coil and the diameter of the coil. At the same primary current, the more turns of the coil, the larger the diameter of the coil, and the more energy the current transformer can output. Big.
  • the method of increasing the number of turns and the diameter of the coil is usually to increase the volume of the secondary winding. If the size of the insulating skeleton in the secondary winding is larger, it means that more turns of the wire can be wound on the insulating skeleton, so that the coil The number of turns increases and the diameter of the coil can also become larger. However, an increase in the size of the insulating bobbin will increase the overall volume of the current transformer and correspondingly increase the volume of the circuit breaker.
  • the X direction indicates the thickness direction
  • the Y direction indicates the length direction
  • the Z direction indicates the height direction.
  • the size of the current transformer which depends mainly on the size of the primary conductor and the length of the insulating skeleton in the X direction, depends mainly on the length of the closed magnetic circuit in the Y direction, and mainly depends on the height of the closed magnetic circuit and the ends of the insulating skeleton in the Z direction. The size of the sheet structure.
  • the method of increasing the number of turns of the coil can actually be realized by increasing the number of secondary windings.
  • the purpose of increasing the number of turns of the coil can also be achieved.
  • Number of turns in the coil In the case of an increase, regardless of the change in the diameter of the coil, a significant increase in the number of turns of the coil can significantly increase the output energy of the current transformer at the same primary current.
  • Fig. 1 in the existing current transformer, there is a space 106 between the primary conductor 107 and the secondary winding 113, which is not utilized and is in an idle state.
  • the present invention utilizes the space 106 described above to arrange multiple sets of secondary windings. Since the material of the closed magnetic circuit is a laminated or wound soft magnetic metal piece, these soft magnetic metal pieces can be flexibly split or bent as needed. All of the above changes are in the outer contour space of the original current transformer, so the utilization ground is the internal idle space, and the volume of the current transformer is basically unchanged.
  • Figure 3 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the current transformer includes a closed magnetic circuit 301 and a plurality of secondary windings 303.
  • the first portion of the enclosed magnetic circuit 301 completely surrounds the primary conductor 308.
  • the first part is the upper part shown in Figure 3.
  • the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit 301 forms a secondary winding that encloses the second portion of the magnetic circuit as the core of the secondary winding.
  • the second part is the lower part shown in Figure 3.
  • the closed magnetic circuit 301 branches over the second portion to form a plurality of branch magnetic circuits 304, 305.
  • a secondary winding 303 is formed on each of the branch magnetic circuits, each of the branch magnetic circuits serving as a magnetic core of the corresponding secondary winding, and each of the secondary windings 303 is staggered in at least one of the length, the height and the thickness.
  • Each branch magnetic circuit is formed by splitting or winding a soft magnetic metal piece.
  • the respective branch magnetic circuits are bent at different positions along the Y direction, so that the respective branch magnetic circuits are staggered in the Y direction (i.e., the length direction).
  • the respective branch magnetic circuits are formed of soft magnetic metal sheets of different layers, they are naturally staggered in the Z direction (i.e., the height direction). Since the branch magnetic circuits are formed by splitting or winding a soft magnetic metal piece, the total height of each branch magnetic circuit in the height direction is equal to the height of the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit.
  • each secondary winding 303 is similar to the secondary winding shown in FIG. 2, and includes an insulating bobbin 204, a wire 205, an insulating layer 201, a lead 206, and a sheet structure 202.
  • the insulating bobbin 204 hollow forms a cavity 203, and a branch magnetic circuit passes through the cavity 203 through a magnetic core forming a secondary winding.
  • a wire 205 is wound around the insulating frame 204, and the wire 205 is covered by the insulating layer 201, each The secondary winding wires 205 lead two leads 206 that extend outside of the insulating layer, and the leads 206 are labeled as leads 307 in FIG. Both ends of the insulating bobbin 204 form a sheet-like structure 202, which isolates the magnetic circuit from the wires.
  • the most outwardly projecting portion on the outer contour is the sheet-like structure 202, and in order to avoid mutual interference between the respective secondary windings 303, the position between the sheet-like structures 202 needs to be considered.
  • the staggered arrangement of the respective branch magnetic circuits in the Y and Z directions it has been possible to cause the sheet structures 202 at both ends of the insulating bobbins 204 of the respective secondary windings 303 not to interfere with each other.
  • the staggered arrangement in the Y and Z directions by only the respective branch magnetic circuits is insufficient to separate the sheet structures 202 of the respective secondary windings 303.
  • the time can be achieved by further adjustment in the X direction (thickness direction).
  • the insulating bobbins 204 of the respective secondary windings may have different lengths such that the sheet-like structures 202 at both ends of the respective insulating bobbins are also staggered in the thickness direction and do not affect each other.
  • the plurality of secondary windings in the current transformer of the present invention are arranged in a staggered manner in at least one of a length, a height, and a thickness (the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction), so that the plurality of secondary windings can be mutually
  • the affected grounds are placed together in the current transformer.
  • each of the secondary windings may be mutually offset in at least one of the length, the height, and the thickness, and may be arranged in one of the length, the height, and the thickness (the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction), in which the two directions are Staggered arrangement or staggered arrangement in all three directions.
  • each of the plurality of branch magnetic circuits 304, 305 formed by the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit 301 is formed into a closed magnetic circuit with the first portion, wherein one of the branch magnetic circuits and the first portion A closed main magnetic circuit is formed, and the remaining branch magnetic circuits form a closed secondary magnetic circuit with the first portion.
  • the branch magnetic circuit 305 is the main magnetic circuit
  • the branch magnetic circuit 304 is the sub magnetic circuit.
  • the main magnetic circuit 305 typically has a greater number of soft magnetic metal sheets than the secondary magnetic circuit 304, so the main magnetic circuit 305 appears thicker than the secondary magnetic circuit 304.
  • the arrangement positions of the main magnetic circuit and the secondary magnetic circuit are not limited, and the main magnetic circuit may be arranged on the outer side (away from the primary conductor), the secondary magnetic circuit is arranged on the inner side (between the primary conductor and the main magnetic circuit), and the main magnetic circuit may be Arranged on the inside, located here Between the conductor and the secondary magnetic circuit, or a part of the secondary magnetic circuit to the inner side of the main magnetic circuit, and another partial secondary magnetic circuit is placed outside the main magnetic circuit.
  • the layers of soft magnetic metal that are stacked or wound are also joined together by rivet 302.
  • the rivet 302 may be disposed in the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit to secure all of the soft magnetic metal sheets, or may be disposed in the second portion of the closed magnetic circuit to secure the soft magnetic metal sheets in one of the branch magnetic circuits.
  • Each of the secondary windings 303 has a respective lead 307, and each of the secondary windings 303 leads out two leads 307, and each of the secondary windings 303 in the current transformer can be connected in parallel or in series. The parallel or series connection of the secondary windings is achieved by their respective leads. Finally, the current transformer will lead the two leads as the leads of the current transformer.
  • Each secondary winding 303 can have a different size and number of turns, such as different secondary windings may have different diameters and lengths depending on the actual placement space, and thus the size and number of turns are different. Alternatively, it is also possible to have the respective secondary windings having the same size and number of turns, as space permits.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a current transformer along with a transformer housing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the current transformer is placed in the housing 401. Since the newly added secondary winding of the current transformer of the present invention utilizes the internal idle space, the outer contour size of the power transformer does not increase, the volume does not change, and the size of the housing 401 does not need to be changed.
  • the first portion of the enclosed magnetic circuit 301 is curved to surround the circular primary conductor 308.
  • Figure 5 discloses a block diagram of a current transformer in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 differs in that the first portion of the closed magnetic circuit 501 is square, surrounding the square primary conductor 508, and the rest of the structure is similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. .
  • the current transformer of the invention fully utilizes the idle space in the current transformer, and arranges a plurality of secondary windings in a spatially staggered manner, and the plurality of secondary windings enable the total energy outputted by the circuit transformer to be significantly increased, in the same Can get more output energy under the volume, improve the circuit breaker Performance under low current conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

一种电流互感器，包括封闭磁路和二次绕组。封闭磁路在第二部分分叉形成数个分支磁路，各分支磁路上形成一个二次绕组并作为对应二次绕组的磁芯，各二次绕组在长度、高度和厚度的至少一个方向上相互错开。利用电流互感器的闲置空间以空间交错的方式布置了多个二次绕组，使电流互感器输出的总能量显著增加，提升在小电流情况下的性能。

Description

电流互感器 技术领域
本发明涉及低压电器技术领域，更具体地说，涉及用于为电子脱扣器供电的电流互感器。
背景技术
在配电系统中，断路器的作用是接通、分断和承载额定工作电流，以及对短路、过载等故障电流进行保护。当电路内发生短路时，断路器在不借助外部电源的前提下能自动切断电路，进行可靠的保护。断路器中的分断装置用于实现分断动作，分断装置通过电流互感器来为供给电能，而该电能来自于流过断路器一次导体的电流，即初级电流。
图1揭示了现有技术中常用的电流互感器的结构图。参考图1所示，该电流互感器包括：封闭磁路101，封闭磁路101为叠装或绕制的软磁金属片，铆接件102将这些软磁金属片连接在一起形成封闭磁路101。封闭磁路101完全环绕一次导体107。为了配合一次导体107的形状，封闭磁路101的第一部分(图1中所示的上部)会被设计成相应的形状，如图1所示，封闭磁路101的第一部分呈弧形，以适应圆形的一次导体107。封闭磁路101的第二部分(图1中所示的下部)作为二次绕组113的磁芯。图2揭示了现有技术中使用的二次绕组的结构图。如图2所示，二次绕组的主体结构是一个绝缘骨架204，绝缘骨架204中空形成腔体203，封闭磁路101的第二部分从腔体203中穿过(参考图1所示)。绝缘骨架204上绕有导线205，导线205形成线圈，线圈的匝数可以根据需要设置。导线205被绝缘层201包覆。导线205引出两根延伸至绝缘层201外的引线206。图2中的引线206即图1中所示的二次绕组113上的引线115。绝缘骨架204的两端形成片状结构202，片状结构202隔绝磁路与导线。如图所示，片状结构202由绝缘骨架204向外扩展形成，因此片状结构202 具有比绝缘骨架204大的截面积。具有如此结构的电流互感器，在一次电流没有达到让磁材料饱和的大电流的情况下，具有较好的线性输出特性。当一次电流增加时，二次电流也成比例增大，使其满足断路器保护装置的电源能量需求。
由于现有万能式断路器的电流互感器基本都采用内装式，体积成为影响电流互感器性能的一个主要因素。由于受到体积的限制，电流互感器的体积一般都不能无限的增加。在小壳架断路器中，由于小壳架断路器的体积较小，其中的电流互感器的壳体也较小，这就使得电流互感器的磁路体积和二次绕组上线圈的匝数都有限。在线圈匝数有限的情况下，二次绕组线圈输出的能量较小，不能实现断路器在最小额定电流短路瞬时倍数时(一般为2In～3In以上)在不借助外部电源的前提下自动切断电路，往往需要在较大的电流倍数下互感器输出的能量才能驱动脱扣装置工作。这就给电流互感器的应用带来了限制。
发明内容
本发明提出一种新型的电流互感器，能在同样的体积内提供更多的二次绕组从而使得二次绕组的输出能量增加。
根据本发明的一实施例，提出一种电流互感器，包括：
封闭磁路，封闭磁路的第一部分完全环绕一次导体；
封闭磁路的第二部分形成二次绕组，封闭磁路的第二部分作为二次绕组的磁芯；
封闭磁路在第二部分分叉形成数个分支磁路，每一个分支磁路上形成一个二次绕组，每一个分支磁路作为对应的二次绕组的磁芯，各个二次绕组在长度、高度和厚度的至少其中一个方向上相互错开。
在一个实施例中，封闭磁路的第二部分分叉形成的数个分支磁路在长度和高度方向上相互错开，每一个分支磁路都与第一部分形成封闭的磁路，其中一个分支磁路与第一部分形成封闭的主磁路，其余的分支磁路与第一 部分形成封闭的副磁路。
在一个实施例中，封闭磁路的第二部分的各个分支磁路在高度方向上的总高度等于封闭磁路的第一部分的高度。
在一个实施例中，每一个二次绕组包括：
绝缘骨架，绝缘骨架中空形成腔体，一个分支磁路从腔体中穿过形成二次绕组的磁芯；
绝缘骨架上绕有导线，导线被绝缘层包覆，每一个二次绕组的导线引出两根延伸至绝缘层外的引线；
绝缘骨架的两端形成片状结构，片状结构隔绝磁路与导线。
在一个实施例中，各个二次绕组的绝缘骨架具有不同的长度，使得各个绝缘骨架两端的片状结构在厚度方向上相互错开。
在一个实施例中，封闭磁路为软磁金属片，封闭磁路的第一部分呈弧形，环绕圆形的一次导体；或者封闭磁路的第一部分呈方形，环绕方形的一次导体。
在一个实施例中，数个二次绕组通过各自的引线串联。
在一个实施例中，数个二次绕组通过各自的引线并联。
在一个实施例中，数个二次绕组具有不同的尺寸和匝数。
在一个实施例中，数个二次绕组具有相同的尺寸和匝数。
本发明的电流互感器充分利用了电流互感器中的闲置空间，以空间交错的方式布置了多个二次绕组，多个二次绕组使得电路互感器能够输出的总的能量显著增加，在同等体积下能获得更大的输出能量，提升断路器在小电流情况下的性能。
附图说明
本发明上述的以及其他的特征、性质和优势将通过下面结合附图和实施例的描述而变的更加明显，在附图中相同的附图标记始终表示相同的特征，其中：
图1揭示了现有技术中使用的电流互感器的结构图。
图2揭示了电流互感器的二次绕组的结构图。
图3揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电流互感器的结构图。
图4揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电流互感器连同互感器壳体的结构图。
图5揭示了根据本发明的另一实施例的电流互感器的结构图。
具体实施方式
电流互感器能够输出的能量的大小取决于其中包含的线圈的匝数和线圈的直径，在同样的一次电流下，线圈的匝数越多，线圈直径越大，电流互感器能够输出的能量越大。增加线圈匝数和直径的方法通常是增大二次绕组的体积，如果二次绕组中的绝缘骨架的尺寸越大，那么意味着可以在绝缘骨架上绕更多圈数的导线，使得线圈的匝数增加，并且线圈的直径也能变大。但绝缘骨架的尺寸增加将使得电流互感器的整体体积增大，并且相应地使得断路器的体积增加。
继续参考图1所示，在图1中定义了三个方向，分别用X、Y和Z表示，X、Y和Z向互相垂直。其中X向表示厚度方向，Y向表示长度方向，Z向表示高度方向。电流互感器的尺寸，在X向上主要取决于一次导体的尺寸和绝缘骨架的长度，在Y向上主要取决于封闭磁路的长度，在Z向上主要取决于封闭磁路的高度和绝缘骨架两端的片状结构的尺寸。由此可见，如果希望增加线圈的匝数和直径，那么需要增加绝缘骨架的长度并使得绝缘骨架具有更大的直径，绝缘骨架的直径增加会使得片状结构的直径也增加。这样，电流互感器在X向和Z向上的尺寸都会增加。电流互感器体积增加不符合现代断路器的发展方向，现代断路器要求小型化，使得体积增大的设计方案是无法被接受的。
增加线圈匝数的方法实际上还可以通过增加二次绕组的数量来实现，通过设置多个二次绕组，同样能够达到增加线圈匝数的目的。在线圈匝数 增加的情况下，可以不考虑线圈直径的变化，线圈匝数的显著增加能够明显提升在同样一次电流下电流互感器的输出能量。如图1所示，在现有的电流互感器中，在一次导体107和二次绕组113之间还存在一个空间106，该空间106并没有被利用，处于闲置状态。
本发明利用上述的空间106来布置多组二次绕组。因为封闭磁路的材质是叠装或绕制的软磁金属片，因此这些软磁金属片可以根据需要灵活地拆分或者弯折。上述的这些改动均在原电流互感器的外轮廓空间内，因此利用地都是内部的闲置空间，对于电流互感器的体积基本没有改变。
图3揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电流互感器的结构图。如图3所示，该电流互感器包括：封闭磁路301和数个二次绕组303。
封闭磁路301的第一部分完全环绕一次导体308。第一部分是图3中所示的上部。封闭磁路301的第二部分形成二次绕组，封闭磁路的第二部分作为二次绕组的磁芯。第二部分是图3中所示的下部。
封闭磁路301在第二部分分叉形成数个分支磁路304、305。每一个分支磁路上形成一个二次绕组303，每一个分支磁路作为对应的二次绕组的磁芯，各个二次绕组303在长度、高度和厚度的至少其中一个方向上相互错开。
各个分支磁路是由叠装或绕制的软磁金属片拆分形成的。在拆分时，通常各个分支磁路会在沿Y向上不同的位置弯折，使得各个分支磁路在Y向(即长度方向)上错开。同时由于各个分支磁路是由不同层的软磁金属片形成，它们在Z向(即高度方向)上自然是相互错开的。因为这些分支磁路是由叠装或绕制的软磁金属片拆分形成，所以各个分支磁路在高度方向上的总高度等于封闭磁路的第一部分的高度。
每一个二次绕组303的结构与图2所示的二次绕组类似，都包括绝缘骨架204、导线205、绝缘层201、引线206和片状结构202。绝缘骨架204中空形成腔体203，一个分支磁路从腔体203中穿过形成二次绕组的磁芯。绝缘骨架204上绕有导线205，导线205被绝缘层201包覆，每一 个二次绕组的导线205引出两根延伸至绝缘层外的引线206，引线206在图3中被标记为引线307。绝缘骨架204的两端形成片状结构202，片状结构202隔绝磁路与导线。
在各个二次绕组303中，外轮廓上最向外突出的部分是片状结构202，为了避免各个二次绕组303之间的相互干涉，还需要考虑片状结构202之间的位置。在一些实施例中，通过各个分支磁路在Y向和Z向上的错开布置，已经可以使得各个二次绕组303的绝缘骨架204两端的片状结构202不互相干涉。在另一些实施例中，如果片状结构202的尺寸比较大，那么仅仅通过各个分支磁路在Y向和Z向上的错开布置还不足以使得各个二次绕组303的片状结构202分开，此时可以通过在X向(厚度方向)上的进一步调整来实现。比如，可以使得各个二次绕组的绝缘骨架204具有不同的长度，这样各个绝缘骨架两端的片状结构202在厚度方向上也相互错开，不会互相影响。
本发明的电流互感器中的数个二次绕组通过在长度、高度和厚度(X向、Y向和Z向)上的至少其中一个方向上的错开设置，使得数个二次绕组能够互不影响地被共同放置在电流互感器中。此处各个二次绕组在长度、高度和厚度的至少其中一个方向上相互错可以包括在长度、高度和厚度(X向、Y向和Z向)的其中一个方向错开布置、其中两个方向上的错开布置或者在全部三个方向上的错开布置。
继续参考图3，封闭磁路301的第二部分分叉形成的数个分支磁路304、305中的每一个分支磁路都与第一部分形成封闭的磁路，其中一个分支磁路与第一部分形成封闭的主磁路，其余的分支磁路与第一部分形成封闭的副磁路。在图3所示的实施例中，分支磁路305是主磁路，分支磁路304是副磁路。主磁路305通常比副磁路304具有更多数量的软磁金属片，因此主磁路305比副磁路304看起来更厚一些。主磁路和副磁路的安排位置没有限制，可以将主磁路安排在外侧(远离一次导体)，副磁路安排在内侧(一次导体和主磁路之间)，也可以将主磁路安排在内侧，位于以此 导体和副磁路之间，或者将部分副磁路至于主磁路的内侧，另一部分副磁路置于主磁路的外侧。
在图3所示的实施例中，也通过铆接件302将为叠装或绕制的软磁金属片连接在一起。铆接件302可以被设置在封闭磁路的第一部分以固定所有的软磁金属片，也可以被设置在封闭磁路的第二部分以固定某一个分支磁路中的软磁金属片。
各个二次绕组303具有各自的引线307，每一个二次绕组303引出两根引线307，电流互感器中的各个二次绕组303可以采用并联的方式，也可以采用串联的方式。二次绕组的并联或者串联通过各自的引线实现，最终，电流互感器会引出两根引线作为电流互感器的引线。
各个二次绕组303可以具有不同的尺寸和匝数，比如根据实际的放置空间情况，不同的二次绕组可能具有不同的直径和长度，因而尺寸和匝数不同。或者，在空间允许的情况下，也可以使得各个二次绕组具有相同的尺寸和匝数。
图4揭示了根据本发明的一实施例的电流互感器连同互感器壳体的结构图。电流互感器被放置在壳体401中。由于本发明的电流互感器新增加的二次绕组是利用内部的闲置空间，因此电力互感器的外轮廓尺寸没有增加，体积也不变，壳体401的尺寸不需要改变。
在图3所示的实施例中，封闭磁路301的第一部分呈弧形，环绕圆形的一次导体308。
图5揭示了根据本发明的另一实施例的电流互感器的结构图。与图3所示的实施例相比，图5所示的实施例的区别在于封闭磁路501的第一部分呈方形，环绕方形的一次导体508，其余结构均与图3所示的实施例相似。
本发明的电流互感器充分利用了电流互感器中的闲置空间，以空间交错的方式布置了多个二次绕组，多个二次绕组使得电路互感器能够输出的总的能量显著增加，在同等体积下能获得更大的输出能量，提升断路器在 小电流情况下的性能。
上述实施例是提供给熟悉本领域内的人员来实现或使用本发明的，熟悉本领域的人员可在不脱离本发明的发明思想的情况下，对上述实施例做出种种修改或变化，因而本发明的保护范围并不被上述实施例所限，而应该是符合权利要求书提到的创新性特征的最大范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电流互感器，包括：
    封闭磁路，封闭磁路的第一部分完全环绕一次导体；
    封闭磁路的第二部分形成二次绕组，封闭磁路的第二部分作为二次绕组的磁芯；
    其特征在于，
    封闭磁路在第二部分分叉形成数个分支磁路，每一个分支磁路上形成一个二次绕组，每一个分支磁路作为对应的二次绕组的磁芯，各个二次绕组在长度、高度和厚度的至少其中一个方向上相互错开。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，所述封闭磁路的第二部分分叉形成的数个分支磁路在长度和高度方向上相互错开，每一个分支磁路都与第一部分形成封闭的磁路，其中一个分支磁路与第一部分形成封闭的主磁路，其余的分支磁路与第一部分形成封闭的副磁路。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，所述封闭磁路的第二部分的各个分支磁路在高度方向上的总高度等于封闭磁路的第一部分的高度。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，每一个二次绕组包括：
    绝缘骨架，绝缘骨架中空形成腔体，一个分支磁路从腔体中穿过形成二次绕组的磁芯；
    绝缘骨架上绕有导线，导线被绝缘层包覆，每一个二次绕组的导线引出两根延伸至绝缘层外的引线；
    绝缘骨架的两端形成片状结构，片状结构隔绝磁路与导线。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，各个二次绕组的绝缘骨架具有不同的长度，使得各个绝缘骨架两端的片状结构在厚度方向上相互错开。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，所述封闭磁路为软磁金属片，
    所述封闭磁路的第一部分呈弧形，环绕圆形的一次导体；或者
    所述封闭磁路的第一部分呈方形，环绕方形的一次导体。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，数个二次绕组通过各自的引线串联。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，数个二次绕组通过各自的引线并联。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，数个二次绕组具有不同的尺寸和匝数。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的电流互感器，其特征在于，数个二次绕组具有相同的尺寸和匝数。
PCT/CN2015/084896 2014-08-06 2015-07-23 电流互感器 WO2016019806A1 (zh)

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