WO2016012092A1 - Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure. - Google Patents

Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016012092A1
WO2016012092A1 PCT/EP2015/001498 EP2015001498W WO2016012092A1 WO 2016012092 A1 WO2016012092 A1 WO 2016012092A1 EP 2015001498 W EP2015001498 W EP 2015001498W WO 2016012092 A1 WO2016012092 A1 WO 2016012092A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
photovoltaic
plate
support plates
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/001498
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Cristian GIACOMINI
Original Assignee
Millenergie S.R.L. Unipersonale
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Millenergie S.R.L. Unipersonale filed Critical Millenergie S.R.L. Unipersonale
Publication of WO2016012092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016012092A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the electrical energy production plants sector and more specifically concerns an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and having a wind alternator that allows the system to produce energy with a cut-in wind speed below 3 m/s, so producing energy earlier, and two assembly systems for rotation of the photovoltaic panel, one about the X axis and the other about the Y axis.
  • the discontinuity of the characteristic parameters of the wind system is a critical aspect that also arises, if in a different way, in the generation of electrical energy by photovoltaic systems.
  • the standard wind structures have a cut-in of 3-5 m/s; this means that, to work, they need a minimum speed of about 3 m/s to start generating energy without however being able to produce energy for speeds below 3 m/s, thus causing non-constancy of performance of the system.
  • the said wind structures have an alternator in which the distance of the magnets and of the coils is fixed and cannot be varied depending on the wind speed; this implies that, if the wind speed is lower than the set cut-in and it is not possible to vary the distance between the magnets, energy cannot be produced at that time.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management in which can be seen:
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind alternator (2) consisting of:
  • FIG. 2A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
  • FIG. 3 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2;
  • - Fig. 3 A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained;
  • - Fig. 4 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which the clamping screws (11) are replaced by four pistons (1 Ibis);
  • FIG. 4A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and pistons (1 Ibis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
  • FIG. 5 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 5 A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and pistons (1 Ibis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8);
  • FIG. 6 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which the clamping screws (11) are replaced by a single piston (1 Iter);
  • FIG. 6A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and piston (1 Iter), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
  • FIG. 7 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and piston (l iter), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8);
  • FIG. 8 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which piston (12) has been replaced by piston (12bis);
  • FIG. 8A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12bis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
  • FIG. 9 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 8.
  • - Fig. 9A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12bis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8);
  • - Fig. 10 shows, from the bottom up, in their assembly sequence: - the wind structure fixing plate (10)
  • Fig. 11 shows, from the bottom up, in their assembly sequence, the parts making up the assembly system for rotation about the X axis of the photovoltaic system consisting of:
  • FIG. 11/A shows a detail of the fixed central toothed gear (26), of the four driven gears (25) with tapered teeth, of the drive wheel (24) and of the driven gear (25/B);
  • Fig. 12 shows the constituent parts of the assembly system for rotation about the Y axis of the photovoltaic system consisting of:
  • Fig. 13A shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed horizontally, namely 0°;
  • FIG. 13B shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 45° to the X axis;
  • Fig. 13C shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed vertically, namely at 90° to the X axis;
  • Fig. 13D shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 135° to the X axis;
  • Fig. 13E shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 225° to the
  • Fig. 13F shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 360° to the X axis;
  • FIG. 14 shows an enlargement of the collapsible system (5) of Fig. 1. Detailed description of Invention
  • the present invention concerns an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and consisting of wind blades (1), a wind alternator (2), a photovoltaic structure (3), a photovoltaic tracking system (4) and a collapsible system (5) in which:
  • the wind alternator (2) has the characteristic of consisting of a support plate (7) and a support plate (9) on which magnets (8) are fitted; the said plates (7) and (9) are moved by pistons (12). The movement allows the system to produce energy with a cut-in wind speed below 3 m/s, so therefore producing energy earlier than a standard system;
  • the photovoltaic tracking system (4) has two assembly systems, one for rotation of the panel about the X axis and the other for rotation about the Y axis.
  • the installation envisages a photovoltaic system consisting of 1 to 16 photovoltaic panels and installed at a variable height between 3.5 and 7.5 m, preferably at 5.3 m since this allows space for growing crops or just clear space to be left below, minus the size of the panel (about 1.30 m), and at 6.3 m for areas adjacent to the road network where the clear height must be at least 5 m (article 66 of 16-10-92 no. 495 or Article 25 Italian Highway Code).
  • the said photovoltaic system exploits every ray of sunlight from early morning to late evening since it has a tracking system that can rotate on itself through 360° on the horizontal axis (X axis) and on the vertical axis (Y axis).
  • a vertical blade wind system is installed at a height of between 6 and 12 m.
  • the wind system consists of wind blades (1) and an axial wind alternator (2).
  • the said wind alternator (2) consists of:
  • the stator (15) consists of 18 three-phase coils (17) and is supported by clamping screws (1 1) near the axis of rotation (internal assembly).
  • the said stator (15) is located between two support plates (7) and (9) and permanent magnets (8) are fixed on them so that on each support plate (7) and (9) 24 magnets (8) are fixed alternately, one with a positive side beside one with a negative side and so on, to fill the support plates.
  • a magnet (8) with a negative side will be fixed on support plate (9), to allow energy exchange between support plate (7) and support plate (9) by means of the coils (17).
  • a magnetic flow will arise between the support plates (7) and (9) and this passes from the positive magnet to the negative magnet and vice versa by means of the coil (17) on the stator (15) and will create an electrical potential difference, that is three-phase electrical energy, during rotation of the rotor.
  • Internal assembly of the stator (15) by means of clamping screws (1 1) next to the axis of rotation gives the possibility of making it larger where required, unlike a stator that is assembled externally.
  • the alternator (2) Since the alternator (2) is connected vertically to the wind blades (1) and the wind does not maintain a constant speed, to produce energy earlier, it is possible to vary the distance between the support plates (7) and (9), on which are fixed permanent magnets (8) fitted with a north/south magnetic opposition system, through pistons (12) (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical) or other movement systems in relation to the revolution speed of the wind blades (1).
  • pistons (12) pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical
  • Other movement systems that allow the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) to be varied envisage that the clamping screws (1 1) of the wind alternator (2), according to a further embodiment, can be replaced by four pistons (1 Ibis) or by a single piston (l iter), as likewise can piston (12) be replaced by piston (12bis).
  • This system can also work as first braking system for the wind blades (1) to avoid causing turbulence in them since, in the case of an island system, namely a system not connected to the electricity grid for just the "house” requirement, at the time of saturation of produced energy, the installation requires a resistance or a dummy load that will work as "brake” for the wind blades (1). This situation occurs when the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) is small. To ensure that the resistance will work as a brake, the sizing of the wind alternator (2) will take place based on the highest wind speed for the site being examined.
  • the system will progressively change the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) on which the magnets (8) are applied, to decrease it while trying to never stall the rotation of the wind blades (1), but at the same time trying to extrapolate as much energy as possible.
  • the tracking photovoltaic structure creates its movement on two axes, X (horizontal axis) and Y (vertical axis).
  • Rotation on the X axis takes place through a fixed central toothed gear (26) with tapered teeth.
  • driven gears (25) Around the fixed central toothed gear (26), on the blade are positioned four driven gears (25) with tapered teeth that allow the structure as a whole to be automatically self-centred; this allows minimization of the friction created by the rotation of the drive gear (24), placed touching a driven gear (25/B), which in turn touches driven gear (25), and connected to an electric motor or other type of motor, with driven gears (25) and (25/B) on the fixed central toothed gear (26).
  • the self-centring system allows the stress forces caused by the wind during both movement and non-movement to be opposed, as shown in Fig. 11/A.
  • the assembly system for rotation about the X axis consists of:
  • clamping plate (29) for photovoltaic structure and movement motors.
  • the function of the whole plate (27), the clip-on component (23) and the clip- on plate (28) is to reduce friction during rotation; these components can be made of Teflon or bronze or any other wear-resistant and non-wear-resistant material, which in any case has the characteristic of reducing friction between rubbing surfaces.
  • the large surface area of the photovoltaic system will have a second function: it positions itself to face the wind direction and angles itself in relation to the wind speed so as to convey it towards the wind blades thus increasing their lift.
  • the structure as a whole can be installed at ground level or below ground level, indifferently with concrete plinth or with lower pole-mounted structure driven into the ground (only collapsible structure) and can be integrated with a collapsible system (5) that would facilitate installation and maintenance.
  • the integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that is the subject of the present patent application works correctly both with and without the use of accumulation systems, through feeding into the electricity grid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the electrical energy production plants sector and more specifically concerns an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and having a wind alternator that allows the system to produce energy with a cut-in wind speed below 3 m/s, so producing energy earlier, and two assembly systems for rotation of the photovoltaic panel, one about the X axis and the other about the Y axis.

Description

Title: Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure.
Description
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the electrical energy production plants sector and more specifically concerns an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and having a wind alternator that allows the system to produce energy with a cut-in wind speed below 3 m/s, so producing energy earlier, and two assembly systems for rotation of the photovoltaic panel, one about the X axis and the other about the Y axis.
Background of the Invention
The generation of electrical energy by wind farms is known in the current state of the art. It is characterized by a high discontinuity in the values of the power produced, since this is determined by the instantaneous intensity of the wind that, in most places, varies considerably over time.
The discontinuity of the characteristic parameters of the wind system is a critical aspect that also arises, if in a different way, in the generation of electrical energy by photovoltaic systems.
Also known in the current state of the art are single pole-mounted structures that envisage the contemporaneous presence of photovoltaic structures and wind structures.
The standard wind structures have a cut-in of 3-5 m/s; this means that, to work, they need a minimum speed of about 3 m/s to start generating energy without however being able to produce energy for speeds below 3 m/s, thus causing non-constancy of performance of the system. Moreover, the said wind structures have an alternator in which the distance of the magnets and of the coils is fixed and cannot be varied depending on the wind speed; this implies that, if the wind speed is lower than the set cut-in and it is not possible to vary the distance between the magnets, energy cannot be produced at that time.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that is able to increase the constancy of performance and of production over time compared to the structures present in the current state of the art.
It is another object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that has a cut-in, per wind system, for energy production of about 0.1 m/s, that is, very low compared to that of the current state of the art.
It is another object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that does not obstruct or take up space necessary for the road network, spaces used for gardens or spaces for crops.
It is another object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that has reasonable manufacturing and maintenance costs.
It is another object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that has a long life.
It is still another object of the present invention to make an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that is self-sufficient for domestic requirements through the use of accumulation systems for the whole year, without needing to be connected to an external electricity grid, and that is able to not have unplanned blackouts.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the wind and photovoltaic system integrated on a single structure that is the subject of the present patent application, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the drawing units in which:
- Fig. 1 shows an overall view of an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management in which can be seen:
- wind blades (1)
- a wind alternator (2)
- a photovoltaic structure (3)
- a photovoltaic tracking system (4)
- a collapsible system (5)
- a concrete plinth (6);
- Fig. 2 shows a wind alternator (2) consisting of:
- a support plate (7)
- permanent magnets (8)
- a support plate (9)
- a fixing plate (10) for securing the pole to the wind structure
- clamping screws (11)
- pistons (12)
- a pin or shaft (13)
- a turned cylinder (14) to house bearings (not shown)
- a stator (15)
- an upper support plate (16) for the wind alternator (2);
- Fig. 2A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
- Fig. 3 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 3 A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained; - Fig. 4 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which the clamping screws (11) are replaced by four pistons (1 Ibis);
- Fig. 4A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and pistons (1 Ibis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
- Fig. 5 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 4;
- Fig. 5 A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and pistons (1 Ibis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8);
- Fig. 6 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which the clamping screws (11) are replaced by a single piston (1 Iter);
- Fig. 6A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and piston (1 Iter), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
- Fig. 7 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 5;
- Fig. 7A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12) and piston (l iter), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8);
- Fig. 8 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 2 in which piston (12) has been replaced by piston (12bis);
- Fig. 8A shows the stage at which, due to the action of the pistons (12bis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the smallest that can be obtained;
- Fig. 9 shows a wind alternator (2) indicated in Fig. 8;
- Fig. 9A shows the stage at which, due to the action of pistons (12bis), the distance between the magnets (8) is the greatest that can be obtained and the stator (15) is perfectly centred with the magnets (8); - Fig. 10 shows, from the bottom up, in their assembly sequence: - the wind structure fixing plate (10)
- the support plate (9) on which the magnets (8) are fitted
- the stator (15) on which the coils (17) are fitted
- the support plate (7) on which the magnets (8) are fitted
- the upper support plate ( 16) of the wind blades ( 1 );
Fig. 11 shows, from the bottom up, in their assembly sequence, the parts making up the assembly system for rotation about the X axis of the photovoltaic system consisting of:
- a lower clip-on clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on component (19) of the lower clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on plate (20)
- a clip-on component (21 ) of the plate (20)
- a clip-on plate (22) to reduce friction
- a clip-on component (23) of the plate (22)
- a drive gear (24)
- 4 driven toothed gears (25)
- a driven gear (25/b)
- a toothed gear (26) (generally welded to the pole)
- an whole plate (27) for friction reduction
- a upper clamping plate (28)
- a clamping plate (29) for photovoltaic structure and movement motors (not shown);
- Fig. 11/A shows a detail of the fixed central toothed gear (26), of the four driven gears (25) with tapered teeth, of the drive wheel (24) and of the driven gear (25/B);
Fig. 12 shows the constituent parts of the assembly system for rotation about the Y axis of the photovoltaic system consisting of:
- a fixing plate (30) for clamping the cylindrical bearings (31)
- a cylindrical bearing (31) with radial contact crown - an adaptor (32) between cylindrical bearing (31) and external tubular section (34)
- a transmission gear with tubular hole (33) for transmission between motor (not shown) and external tubular section (34) - an external tubular section (34) welded to the adaptor (32)
- a structural bar (35) of the photovoltaic system;
Fig. 13A shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed horizontally, namely 0°;
- Fig. 13B shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 45° to the X axis;
Fig. 13C shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed vertically, namely at 90° to the X axis;
Fig. 13D shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 135° to the X axis;
Fig. 13E shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 225° to the
X axis;
Fig. 13F shows the position of the system of rotation of the photovoltaic system about the Y axis when it is placed at 360° to the X axis;
- Fig. 14 shows an enlargement of the collapsible system (5) of Fig. 1. Detailed description of Invention
According to a preferred - but non-limiting - embodiment, the present invention concerns an integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and consisting of wind blades (1), a wind alternator (2), a photovoltaic structure (3), a photovoltaic tracking system (4) and a collapsible system (5) in which:
- the wind alternator (2) has the characteristic of consisting of a support plate (7) and a support plate (9) on which magnets (8) are fitted; the said plates (7) and (9) are moved by pistons (12). The movement allows the system to produce energy with a cut-in wind speed below 3 m/s, so therefore producing energy earlier than a standard system;
- the photovoltaic tracking system (4) has two assembly systems, one for rotation of the panel about the X axis and the other for rotation about the Y axis.
The installation envisages a photovoltaic system consisting of 1 to 16 photovoltaic panels and installed at a variable height between 3.5 and 7.5 m, preferably at 5.3 m since this allows space for growing crops or just clear space to be left below, minus the size of the panel (about 1.30 m), and at 6.3 m for areas adjacent to the road network where the clear height must be at least 5 m (article 66 of 16-10-92 no. 495 or Article 25 Italian Highway Code). The said photovoltaic system exploits every ray of sunlight from early morning to late evening since it has a tracking system that can rotate on itself through 360° on the horizontal axis (X axis) and on the vertical axis (Y axis). At the same time, on the same structure, besides the photovoltaic system, a vertical blade wind system is installed at a height of between 6 and 12 m.
The wind system consists of wind blades (1) and an axial wind alternator (2). The said wind alternator (2) consists of:
- a support plate (7)
- permanent magnets (8)
- a support plate (9)
- a fixing plate (10) for securing the pole to the wind structure
- clamping screws (1 1)
- pistons (12)
- a pin or shaft (13) welded to the fixing plate (10) - a turned cylinder (14) to house bearings (not shown), welded to the upper support plate (16) and through which the pin/shaft (13) passes
- a stator (15)
- an upper support plate (16) for the wind alternator (2).
The stator (15) consists of 18 three-phase coils (17) and is supported by clamping screws (1 1) near the axis of rotation (internal assembly). The said stator (15) is located between two support plates (7) and (9) and permanent magnets (8) are fixed on them so that on each support plate (7) and (9) 24 magnets (8) are fixed alternately, one with a positive side beside one with a negative side and so on, to fill the support plates. Next to the positive side of the magnet (8) located on support plate (7), a magnet (8) with a negative side will be fixed on support plate (9), to allow energy exchange between support plate (7) and support plate (9) by means of the coils (17).
The magnetization of the permanent magnets (8), fixed on the support plates (7) and (9) with strong glue for metal surfaces, is carried out on the largest surface of the magnet (8).
A magnetic flow will arise between the support plates (7) and (9) and this passes from the positive magnet to the negative magnet and vice versa by means of the coil (17) on the stator (15) and will create an electrical potential difference, that is three-phase electrical energy, during rotation of the rotor. Internal assembly of the stator (15) by means of clamping screws (1 1) next to the axis of rotation gives the possibility of making it larger where required, unlike a stator that is assembled externally.
Since the alternator (2) is connected vertically to the wind blades (1) and the wind does not maintain a constant speed, to produce energy earlier, it is possible to vary the distance between the support plates (7) and (9), on which are fixed permanent magnets (8) fitted with a north/south magnetic opposition system, through pistons (12) (pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical) or other movement systems in relation to the revolution speed of the wind blades (1). Other movement systems that allow the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) to be varied envisage that the clamping screws (1 1) of the wind alternator (2), according to a further embodiment, can be replaced by four pistons (1 Ibis) or by a single piston (l iter), as likewise can piston (12) be replaced by piston (12bis).
The operation of the wind alternator (2), with a constant electrical energy absorption, envisages three stages:
a) 0 < v < vi: if the wind speed is greater than zero and increases progressively, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9), starting from the maximum distance, starts to decrease progressively; b) v = vi = cost: if the speed, after increasing progressively, stabilizes at a constant value, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) also stabilizes at a constant value;
c) this envisages two variants:
- Vi = vmax→ v < vmax : in this case, if the wind speed that characterizes stage 2) is the highest for that site and from then on decreases progressively, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) from the constant value of stage 2) tends to increase progressively;
v ≠ vmax → v\ < v < vmax: if the wind speed, from a stage of momentary constancy over time, tends to increase, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) decreases progressively until it reaches the lowest value allowed by the system. The purpose of this operation is to obtain an increase in performance of the wind system since, if the wind blades (1) turn without however producing energy at that time, the moment they receive a gust of wind or receive wind constantly, by varying the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) the alternator is used earlier for energy production.
This system can also work as first braking system for the wind blades (1) to avoid causing turbulence in them since, in the case of an island system, namely a system not connected to the electricity grid for just the "house" requirement, at the time of saturation of produced energy, the installation requires a resistance or a dummy load that will work as "brake" for the wind blades (1). This situation occurs when the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) is small. To ensure that the resistance will work as a brake, the sizing of the wind alternator (2) will take place based on the highest wind speed for the site being examined.
In the opposite condition, that is, when the wind speed is low, the system will progressively change the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) on which the magnets (8) are applied, to decrease it while trying to never stall the rotation of the wind blades (1), but at the same time trying to extrapolate as much energy as possible.
Optimization of the tracking photovoltaic system correlated to a vertical blade generator, which has the characteristic of producing energy at lower wind speeds than a horizontal blade wind turbine for the same occupied surface area, is obtained in the case of an island system with accumulator for living requirement, as it is possible to size the system with a lower number of accumulators since, the higher the number of hours of constant production of the system, the lower the number of times energy is taken from the batteries as a consequence, thus considerably lengthening their life.
The tracking photovoltaic structure creates its movement on two axes, X (horizontal axis) and Y (vertical axis).
Rotation on the X axis takes place through a fixed central toothed gear (26) with tapered teeth.
Around the fixed central toothed gear (26), on the blade are positioned four driven gears (25) with tapered teeth that allow the structure as a whole to be automatically self-centred; this allows minimization of the friction created by the rotation of the drive gear (24), placed touching a driven gear (25/B), which in turn touches driven gear (25), and connected to an electric motor or other type of motor, with driven gears (25) and (25/B) on the fixed central toothed gear (26).
The self-centring system allows the stress forces caused by the wind during both movement and non-movement to be opposed, as shown in Fig. 11/A. The assembly system for rotation about the X axis consists of:
- a lower clip-on clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on component ( 19) of the lower clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on plate (20)
- a clip-on component (21) of the plate (20)
- a clip-on plate (22) to reduce friction
- a clip-on component (23) of the plate (22)
- a drive gear (24)
- 4 driven toothed gears (25)
- a driven gear (25/B)
- a toothed gear (26) (generally welded to the pole)
- an whole plate (27) for friction reduction
- a upper clamping plate (28)
- a clamping plate (29) for photovoltaic structure and movement motors. The function of the whole plate (27), the clip-on component (23) and the clip- on plate (28) is to reduce friction during rotation; these components can be made of Teflon or bronze or any other wear-resistant and non-wear-resistant material, which in any case has the characteristic of reducing friction between rubbing surfaces.
Movement about the Y axis takes place through rotation of the system consisting of:
- a fixing plate (30) for clamping bearings
- a bearing with radial contact crown (31)
- an adaptor (32) between cylindrical bearing and tubular section
- a transmission gear with tubular hole (33) for transmission between motor and tubular section - an external tubular section (34) welded to the adaptor (32)
- a structural bar (35) of the photovoltaic system.
As concerns the photovoltaic system, it is also envisaged that, during the night or when it is mostly cloudy, that is, when there is no (or non-significant) energy production, the large surface area of the photovoltaic system will have a second function: it positions itself to face the wind direction and angles itself in relation to the wind speed so as to convey it towards the wind blades thus increasing their lift.
The structure as a whole can be installed at ground level or below ground level, indifferently with concrete plinth or with lower pole-mounted structure driven into the ground (only collapsible structure) and can be integrated with a collapsible system (5) that would facilitate installation and maintenance. The integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management that is the subject of the present patent application works correctly both with and without the use of accumulation systems, through feeding into the electricity grid.
The materials and dimensions of the invention as described above, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and claimed below, can be of any kind according to requirements. Moreover, all the details can be replaced with other technically equivalent ones without for this reason straying from the protective scope of the present patent application.

Claims

1. Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure and consisting of wind blades (1), a wind alternator (2), a photovoltaic structure (3), a photovoltaic tracking system (4) and a collapsible system (5), the said integrated system being characterized in that:
- the wind alternator (2) is connected vertically to the wind blades (1) and consists of:
- a support plate (7)
- a support plate (9)
- permanent magnets (8) fixed to the support plates (7) and (9) and fitted with a north/south magnetic opposition system so that 24 magnets (8) are fixed on each support plate (7) and (9)
- a fixing plate (10) for securing the pole to the wind structure
- pistons (12) to move the support plates (7) and (9)
- a pin or shaft (13) welded to the fixing plate (10)
- a turned cylinder (14) to house bearings (not shown), welded to the upper support plate (16) and through which the pin/shaft (13) passes
- a stator (15) that is located between the support plates (7) and (9) and supported by clamping screws (11) for its internal assembly next to the axis of rotation and consists of 18 three-phase coils (17)
- an upper support plate (16) for the wind alternator (2);
- the photovoltaic tracking system (4) has two assembly systems, one for rotation of the panel about the X axis and the other for rotation about the Y axis, both able to rotate on themselves through 360°.
2. Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management according to claim 1 characterized in that the movement of the support plates (7) and (9) by pistons (12) depending on wind speed envisages three stages:
a) 0 < v < Vi : the wind speed is greater than zero and increases progressively and therefore the distance between the support plates (7) and (9), starting from the maximum distance, starts to decrease progressively;
b) v = vi = cost: the speed, after increasing progressively, stabilizes at a constant value and therefore the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) also stabilizes at a constant value;
c) this envisages two variants:
- t = vmax→ v < vmax : if the wind speed that characterizes stage 2) is the highest for that site and from then on decreases progressively, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) from the constant value of stage 2) tends to increase progressively;
- V]≠ vmax → Vi < v < vmax: if the wind speed, from a stage of momentary constancy over time, tends to increase, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) decreases progressively until it reaches the lowest value allowed by the system.
3. Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management according to claim 1 characterized in that, according to a further embodiment, the distance between the support plates (7) and (9) varies when the clamping screws (11) are replaced with four pistons (1 Ibis) or with a single piston (l iter) as likewise it does when piston (12) is replaced with piston (12bis).
4. Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management according to claim 1 characterized in that the assembly system for rotation about the X axis consists of: - a lower clip-on clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on component (19) of the lower clamping plate (18)
- a clip-on plate (20)
- a clip-on component (21) of the plate (20)
- a clip-on plate (22) to reduce friction
- a clip-on component (23) of the plate (22)
- a drive gear (24) placed touching a driven gear (25/B)
- 4 driven toothed gears (25) with tapered teeth that self-centre the structure as a whole
- a driven gear (25/B) placed touching the driven gear (25)
- a toothed gear (26)
- an whole plate (27) for friction reduction
- a upper clamping plate (28)
- a clamping plate (29) for photovoltaic structure and movement motors.
5. Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management according to claim 1 characterized in that the assembly system for rotation about the Y axis consists of:
- a fixing plate (30) for clamping bearings
- a bearing with radial contact crown (31)
- an adaptor (32) between cylindrical bearing and tubular section
- a transmission gear with tubular hole (33) for transmission between motor and tubular section
- an external tubular section (34) welded to the adaptor (32)
- a structural bar (35) of the photovoltaic system.
PCT/EP2015/001498 2014-07-21 2015-07-17 Integrated system for wind and photovoltaic generated energy management placed in a pole-mounted structure. WO2016012092A1 (en)

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CN106100555A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-11-09 成都聚合追阳科技有限公司 A kind of light gathering photovoltaic power generating system common base
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CN117452977A (en) * 2023-12-22 2024-01-26 天津轻工职业技术学院 Control method of tracking driver of wind-light generator and wind-light generator
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