WO2016012002A1 - Procédé de production de pièces à plusieurs composants par impression 3d - Google Patents

Procédé de production de pièces à plusieurs composants par impression 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016012002A1
WO2016012002A1 PCT/DE2015/100289 DE2015100289W WO2016012002A1 WO 2016012002 A1 WO2016012002 A1 WO 2016012002A1 DE 2015100289 W DE2015100289 W DE 2015100289W WO 2016012002 A1 WO2016012002 A1 WO 2016012002A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
printing
workpiece
polymer
time interval
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2015/100289
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabian SCHÜTT
Jörg BAHR
Jürgen CARSTENSEN
Rainer Adelung
Victor KAIDAS
Original Assignee
Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel filed Critical Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel
Publication of WO2016012002A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016012002A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an additive manufacturing method for three-dimensional (3D) workpieces, in particular a so-called 3D printing method.
  • a 3D printer enables layered, three-dimensional buildup of a workpiece from one or more source materials.
  • the starting materials are thereby changed during the construction process at least in their state of matter and usually also chemically.
  • One of the earliest 3D printing techniques is stereolithography.
  • a trough which contains a liquid photopolymer precursor
  • a lowerable platform is arranged just below the liquid surface.
  • UV light ultraviolet
  • the precursor is then polymerized and cured at predetermined locations on the platform. After curing a layer, the platform is lowered and washed over again by precursor, whereupon the next layer is hardened by means of targeted irradiation, and so on.
  • a hardened body of the desired shape can be lifted out of the trough and possibly fed to a complete curing.
  • One of the known disadvantages of stereolithography is that the chemical polymerization process is often accompanied by shrinkage of the material, which can lead to distortions and torsions in the final product.
  • protrusions in the end product can only be produced with the aid of additional support structures formed from the same polymer, which can be removed mechanically, usually by hand, in a post-processing.
  • the methods of selective laser or electron beam melting or sintering are commonly applied to metallic materials in powder form, in addition to models and prototypes and functional metal parts - eg rare spare parts - manufacture.
  • the functional principle is similar to stereolithography, but the powder grains are not chemically bonded here, but thermally fused at predetermined locations. The method is also applicable to ceramics and glass and in extreme cases can even be carried out with focused sunlight.
  • An alternative powder layer printing method envisages spraying a liquid binder-here briefly referred to as adhesive-onto the powder layer at predetermined locations in order to bond the powder grains.
  • the adhesive may be a photocuring polymer and is often an organic material. If the workpiece is intended for mechanical stresses, then it is lifted out of the powder after the 3D printing as a green compact and sintered in a furnace to burn out the organics and, if necessary, its pore space is infiltrated.
  • the aforementioned 3D printing methods are characterized in that the workpieces produced ultimately consist of only one material, the starting material being presented in a completely disordered manner.
  • the shape and / or structure of the workpiece is impressed by selective - ie limited to predetermined locations - energy input.
  • the selectively sprayed on adhesive can also be understood as an aid to use the per se omnicere heating power of the furnace only in the selected areas for sintering.
  • the method according to the invention described below is not a powder layer printing method.
  • thermoplastics from heatable extruder nozzles, wherein the nozzles are electronically controllably moved in a predetermined area and are caused to flow out of a reservoir during predetermined pressure time intervals for extruding a polymer composition.
  • Known printable polymers are for example acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene - short: ABS - with a melting point of 220-250 ° C and polylactides - short: PLA - with a melting point of 150-160 ° C.
  • melt layers engl. Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM
  • the polymers are applied layer by layer and can cure sufficiently even during the printing of a single layer, either by cooling and solidification, or also by the action of a polymerizing energy supply, e.g. UV lighting that they can form the basis for the next printing plane.
  • a polymerizing energy supply e.g. UV lighting that they can form the basis for the next printing plane.
  • Different layers formed from the same polymer usually adhere well to each other and further fuse together by fusing and / or polymerizing as the printing process progresses.
  • MJM or PJM multi- or polyjet modeling
  • multicomponent workpieces can also be functional devices. Since, in principle, all thermoplastics are suitable for 3D printing, functional polymers such as the piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride, in short: PVDF, can be embedded anywhere in a printed workpiece.
  • functional polymers such as the piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride, in short: PVDF, can be embedded anywhere in a printed workpiece.
  • thermoplastics can be additized to further functionalization, for example, metallic particles can be mixed in a thermoplastic to the electrical or optical properties of the polymer composition - the term should here and below also any admixtures of particles, so-called "filier" to the polymer It is thus conceivable to print a plastic object from a plurality of different polymer compositions which, for example, is able to show a defined color change on its surface under mechanical load, be it pressure or bending, or the like.
  • MJM or PJM it is advantageously possible to reduce the manufacturing costs of 3D printed workpieces by printing inside areas of the work piece with less expensive materials.
  • a body of ABS may be externally provided with a PVDF layer to provide better chemical resistance. So it does not have to consist entirely of the more expensive PVDF.
  • the object of the invention is now to propose a 3D printing method which is particularly advantageous for the production of multi-component workpieces because, inter alia, it also results in improved adhesion of the various polymer compositions to one another after completion.
  • the object is achieved by a method for 3D printing of a workpiece formed from a plurality of polymer compositions, wherein during each printing time interval one of the polymer compositions is applied fluently to predetermined areas of the unfinished workpiece, characterized in that before the last printing time interval nano- to microscale particles are scattered for at least one scattering time interval to a predetermined area of at least one of the previously applied polymer compositions.
  • the dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea of a mechanical anchoring of various, poorly to not at all adherent polymer compositions from the work of Xin Jin et al. (2012) and applies it to the knowledge of the inventor for the first time on 3D-printable thermoplastics. It should be noted that the idea of powdery solid particles in very small amount alone as a primer - and not significantly contributing to the material structure - to sprinkle on previously extruded polymer pastes, apparently for the SD pressure has not yet been considered.
  • the particles to be scattered have diameters from the interval 10 nanometers to 100 micrometers. Larger particles, in particular particle agglomerates, may also be suitable in some cases.
  • nano- to micro-scale particles be mechanically bonded to the surface of a first polymer composition, and that structures protruding from the surface be present to allow these structures to be enclosed by a second polymer composition.
  • particles present off the interface between the polymer compositions do not play an important role, i. it is not expedient to add the said particles to one of the polymers before the actual printing process.
  • the particles should, if possible, individually or as agglomerates on the surface of a flowable polymer, there - mechanically anchored, for example by sinking, so that after the solidification of the polymer firmly bonded to this, protruding from the surface structures in average predictable density available.
  • these structures are enclosed and thereafter act cohesively in the area between the polymer layers. This is particularly advantageous according to the invention, when the printing process provides two different polymer compositions to stack each other. It is within the scope of the invention to reserve the sprinkling of the nano- to micro-scale particles only those inner boundary surfaces of the workpiece, on which a material change is provided.
  • the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto.
  • the spreading should not take place continuously during the entire 3D printing of a workpiece, but only during predetermined scattering time intervals. These are preferably in a predetermined relationship to the printing time intervals in which each one of the polymer compositions is extruded.
  • at least one printing time interval and at least one scattering time interval may overlap, ie the extrusion of the polymer composition and the scattering of the particles take place at times simultaneously. It is intended to sprinkle the particles onto that still flowable paste which has just left the heated extruder die.
  • a scattering head can be a per se known, miniaturized design of a screw conveyor, the powder transported from a entrained reservoir with controllable speed to a scattering outlet. Numerous other possible embodiments of a suitable scattering head are suggested by the prior art.
  • the scattering must be done on the immediately previously extruded polymer, as long as it still has a flowable surface.
  • the scattering time interval thus begins only after the printing time interval, and the scattering head has to be moved over the deposited polymer after a predetermined time. Therefore, the arrangement of the spreading head can temporarily change the permissible direction of movement of the extruder die during printing restrict.
  • several scattering heads for example four, can be arranged around the extruder nozzle so that the nozzle can be moved freely in four directions and the scattering is always possible.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out with 3D printers which are available today and which have a plurality of extruder nozzles but no co-moving scattering head. Then there can be no overlapping of print time and scatter intervals, because the extruder nozzles are moved away from the workpiece after depositing a polymer layer so as not to obscure it, and the scattering of the particles is carried out by a separate device. In the simplest case, this can be a sieve that is manually guided over the workpiece.
  • the sequence of process steps is initially similar to the procedure in the known powder layer printing, but it must be remembered that here the liquid applied polymer is the workpiece material and the scattered solid particles serve as adhesion promoters, which make no significant contribution to material. In fact, they do not readily adhere to the polymer. Rather, it requires an additional process step, which causes an increase in the flowability in a predetermined range of the previously applied polymer composition, so that the scattered particles form a mechanical anchoring in this area with the flowable polymer, for example, partially sink. After re-solidification of the polymer, the anchored particles provide those structures on the polymer surface which are to be enclosed by the subsequently imprinted polymer layer to improve adhesion.
  • this additional process step for 3D printable thermoplastics is very easy to perform with conventional 3D printers.
  • one of the heated extruder dies may be provided with a sufficiently high temperature and caused to sweep that portion of the printed polymer surface where short term thermal softening of the polymer is desired.
  • thermal softening of the polymer chemical softening by spraying a solvent of the polymer composition to be softened is also possible.
  • the solvent may be applied only in small quantities and should be slightly volatile under the atmospheric conditions of 3D printing or at least in a simple and fast manner should be removable. Otherwise, it would hinder, delay or even fail the progress of printing.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a printed from PLA polymer surface, sprinkled with zinc oxide tetrapods and by passing a Heating element was thermally softened in predetermined areas;
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail enlargement of the surface of FIG. 1 within the previously softened area
  • FIG. Fig. 3 is a surface section of FIG. 1 after the partial printing of a layer of ABS.
  • FIG. 1 The plan view of a PLA printed polymer surface can be seen in FIG.
  • 3D printable thermoplastics are usually already sufficiently solidified to print the next layer resting thereon.
  • nano- to microscale particles here: zinc oxide tetrapods based on Xin Jin et al. (2012), these are still lying, but can be removed by a puff of air or by suction. They do not add anything to the liability improvement.
  • the lines shown in Fig. 1 (white) surround a right angle bent strip of slightly more than 1 millimeter width on the surface. This strip is the predetermined area of the polymer in which an increase in fluidity is desired.
  • one of the extruder dies with a temperature above 200 ° C is moved close to the polymer after the tetrapods have been scattered. As the polymer softens, the tetrapods partially sink into the surface and remain mechanically anchored when the polymer solidifies again.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail enlargement of the resulting polymer surface with anchored tetrapods.
  • an ABS layer is printed in such a way that a recess remains, which allows the free view of the PLA layer.
  • 3 shows a section of the PLA tetrapod surface with partial coverage by the ABS layer. Particularly in the right-hand area of the image, it can be seen that the flowable ABS encloses the structures protruding from the PLA layer. After the solidification of the ABS, the polymers are thus mechanically anchored along their common interface. As in the work of Xin Jin et al. The tetrapods act as staples here.
  • nano- to micro-scale particles not only take over the role of a universal, mechanically acting adhesive by sprinkling according to the invention, but the not adhering to the workpiece - anchored - particles are to be removed with simple means after the end of a scattering interval again from the workpiece.
  • such particles can be blown by a blast of air from the workpiece or sucked by vacuum. They are only effective as adhesion promoters, where they can just rest and anchor when softening a polymer.
  • the particles should only be correspondingly temperature-resistant.
  • metallic or ceramic particles wherein electrical properties of the material rather not important, for example, zinc oxide is a semiconductor.
  • More powerful is the morphology of the particles, because, of course, spherical particles, of course, do not provide any structures that could be well-enclosed by two different polymer layers at the same time.
  • Tetrapod particles also known as whiskers, appear particularly well suited for use in 3D printing. Tetrapods of zinc oxide are advantageously inexpensive to produce.
  • agglomerates that are designed as open-pore microparticles.
  • Such agglomerates can absorb a flowable polymer by capillary forces in their pore space and then adhere firmly to the polymer after solidification of the polymer. Further details can be found in the not yet published application DE 10 2013 107 833.8.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'impression 3D d'une pièce composée d'une pluralité de compositions polymères, selon lequel pendant chaque intervalle d'impression, une des compositions polymères est appliquée sous forme coulante sur des zones prédéfinies de la pièce inachevée, des particules nanométriques à micrométriques étant répandues avant le dernier intervalle d'impression pendant au moins un intervalle de diffusion sur une zone prédéfinie d'au moins une des compositions polymères appliquées au préalable.
PCT/DE2015/100289 2014-07-25 2015-07-09 Procédé de production de pièces à plusieurs composants par impression 3d WO2016012002A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014110505.2A DE102014110505A1 (de) 2014-07-25 2014-07-25 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mehrkomponentenwerkstücken mittels 3D-Druck
DE102014110505.2 2014-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016012002A1 true WO2016012002A1 (fr) 2016-01-28

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PCT/DE2015/100289 WO2016012002A1 (fr) 2014-07-25 2015-07-09 Procédé de production de pièces à plusieurs composants par impression 3d

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DE (1) DE102014110505A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016012002A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11186035B2 (en) 2017-07-29 2021-11-30 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Forming three-dimensional (3D) parts

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017221661A1 (de) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung eines Werkstücks durch Schmelzschichtung mit struktureller Verstärkung durch Verstärkungselemente oder Verstärkungsgarn
DE102017221664A1 (de) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung eines Werkstücks durch Schmelzschichtung mit struktureller Verstärkung durch Ausspritzen kanalartiger Hohlstrukturen
DE102017221687A1 (de) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung eines Werkstücks durch Schmelzschichtung mit struktureller Verstärkung durch lokales Stanzen und Verdichten der Schichten
DE102017221658A1 (de) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung eines Werkstücks durch Schmelzschichtung mit struktureller Verstärkung durch Einbetten eines verwirrten Polymerfadens
DE102020112729A1 (de) 2020-05-11 2021-11-11 Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel Antifouling-Garn und Antifouling-Garn-Herstellungsverfahren sowie Verwendung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60008778T2 (de) 1999-11-05 2005-02-10 Z Corp., Burlington Verfahren für dreidimensionales drucken
DE102004012682A1 (de) 2004-03-16 2005-10-06 Degussa Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Objekten mittels Lasertechnik und Auftragen eines Absorbers per Inkjet-Verfahren
US20050288813A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-12-29 Laixia Yang Direct write and freeform fabrication apparatus and method
US20060141276A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-06-29 Takashi Ito Three-dimensional structure and method for production thereof
US20110221100A1 (en) * 2008-09-15 2011-09-15 Steffen Wesselky Production method for a paint plant component and corresponding paint plant component
DE102013107833A1 (de) 2013-07-23 2015-01-29 Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel Polymerlaminat und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60008778T2 (de) 1999-11-05 2005-02-10 Z Corp., Burlington Verfahren für dreidimensionales drucken
US20060141276A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-06-29 Takashi Ito Three-dimensional structure and method for production thereof
US20050288813A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-12-29 Laixia Yang Direct write and freeform fabrication apparatus and method
DE102004012682A1 (de) 2004-03-16 2005-10-06 Degussa Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Objekten mittels Lasertechnik und Auftragen eines Absorbers per Inkjet-Verfahren
US20110221100A1 (en) * 2008-09-15 2011-09-15 Steffen Wesselky Production method for a paint plant component and corresponding paint plant component
DE102013107833A1 (de) 2013-07-23 2015-01-29 Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel Polymerlaminat und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
XIN JIN ET AL.: "Joining the Un-Joinable: Adhesion Between Low Surface Energy Polymers Using Tetrapodal ZnO Linkers", ADV. MAT., vol. 24, no. 42, 2012, pages 5676 - 5680

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11186035B2 (en) 2017-07-29 2021-11-30 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Forming three-dimensional (3D) parts

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