WO2016007179A1 - Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency - Google Patents
Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016007179A1 WO2016007179A1 PCT/US2014/048119 US2014048119W WO2016007179A1 WO 2016007179 A1 WO2016007179 A1 WO 2016007179A1 US 2014048119 W US2014048119 W US 2014048119W WO 2016007179 A1 WO2016007179 A1 WO 2016007179A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- birds
- repellent
- anthraquinone
- agent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/06—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using visual means, e.g. scarecrows, moving elements, specific shapes, patterns or the like
- A01M29/08—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using visual means, e.g. scarecrows, moving elements, specific shapes, patterns or the like using reflection, colours or films with specific transparency or reflectivity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
Definitions
- the invention relates to compositions and methods for repelling wild birds from target foods or places.
- chemical repellents can be used as seed treatments to reduce bird impacts to newly planted crops or as aerial applications to reduce bird consumption of ripening crops.
- phenylacetic acid are known to be bird aversion agents with preferred embodiments as feed additives to deter feed loss (U.S. patent nos . 2,967,128 and 4,790,990), and as an anti-grazing compound for geese and swans (Mason, J. R. et al., "Anthranilate Repellency to Starlings: Chemical Correlates and Sensory
- Cinnamamide has also been shown to be a bird aversion agent (Crocker & Perry, PLANT CHEMISTRY AND BIRD REPELLENTS, 132: 300- 308 (1990) ) .
- U.S. patent no. 2,967,128 discloses the incorporation of MA and other ester derivatives of anthranilic acid as bird aversion agents into feed or pesticide additives, or into liquids to be sprayed on material.
- U.S. patent no. 4,790,990 teaches that the aversion agent can be at least partially trapped in a solid vehicle to improve its persistency.
- the solid vehicle can be a modified starch, oil or polymer which
- repellent agents have been combined with visual cues or colors. These visual cues or colors serve as preingestive warnings to birds. Birds readily learn to associate these visual cues with unpleasant feeding experiences [Mason, Direct and observational avoidance learning by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius
- color may be the dominant cognitive cue during the food consumption process and visual stimuli may enhance the efficacy of chemical repellents used to reduce bird damage to agricultural production [Avery and Mason, 1997,
- repellent agent may be significantly reduced and yet effectively repel birds.
- the method of this invention for repelling birds from a target comprises the application of a first treatment of a bird repellent agent to the target in an amount effective to repel the birds of interest. Subsequently, one or more
- additional treatment (s) is/are applied to the target including a visual cue agent that exhibits spectral characteristics
- the bird repellent agent may be omitted or applied at a significantly lower amount than the first treatment, and the visual cue agent is applied at an amount effective to be visibly recognized by the birds.
- Another object of this invention is to provide
- a further object of this invention is to provide improved methods and compositions for repelling birds utilizing multiple applications of bird repellent agents wherein the amount of the repellent agents may be significantly reduced after the initial application.
- Figure 1 illustrates baseline preference of
- Figure 2 illustrates baseline preference of group- caged birds for treated (i.e., ultraviolet-absorbent cue) versus untreated food (Example 1) . Baseline results indicate
- Figure 3 illustrates preference of group-caged birds for treated (i.e., ultraviolet-absorbent cue) versus untreated food subsequent to repellent conditioning (Example 1) .
- Figure 4 illustrates test consumption among
- Conditioning groups 1-3 received one bowl of sunflower seeds treated with an ultraviolet-absorbent cue
- control group an anthraquinone-based repellent (anthraquinone conditioning group) , or an methyl anthranilate-based repellent (methyl anthranilate conditioning group) ; all birds were also gavaged with 2 g of sunflower seeds treated in accordance with their conditioning group during the 1-day conditioning period to ensure preingestive cue/postingestive consequence conditioning. All birds (groups 1-3) were subsequently offered sunflower seeds treated only with the ultraviolet-absorbent cue during a 4 -day test. Sunflower consumption among birds conditioned with the anthraquinone- or methyl anthranilate-based repellents was significantly less than that exhibited among birds in the control group (P ⁇ 0.001) .
- FIG. 5 comparatively illustrates avian repellency of food treated with 0.02-0.5% of the repellent and 0.2% of the ultraviolet cue ("repellent + cue") and food treated only with 0.02-0.5% of the repellent ("repellent”) as described in Example 3.
- Repellency of the "repellent + cue” treatment was 49% for the 0.02% and 0.035% targeted repellent concentrations; in contrast, repellency of the "repellent” treatment was only 23% and 34% for the 0.02% and 0.035% targeted repellent
- repellent agent that the birds learn to associate with a negative response (caused by the co-applied repellent agent) and therefore avoid, the visual cues of this invention exhibit spectral characteristics sufficiently similar to the previously- applied repellent treatment that the birds do not visibly differentiate between the two agents or treatments.
- compositions of the invention are effective for repelling a variety of birds from any target
- the invention is preferably used for repelling wild birds, including but not limited to, blackbird species (Icteridae) , including red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) , grackles ⁇ Quiscalus spp.) , yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) , and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) ; starlings, including European blackbird species (Icteridae) , including red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) , grackles ⁇ Quiscalus spp.) , yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) , and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) ; starlings, including European
- Branta canadensis cackling geese (B. hutchinsii) , and snow geese (Chen caerulescens) ; crows, cranes, swans, pheasants, wild turkeys, pigeons, sparrows, woodpeckers, larks, robins, finches, and waxwings .
- Bird repellent agents which are suitable for use in the invention are those that are efficacious as primary and/or secondary repellents.
- Primary repellents possess a quality (e.g., unpalatable taste, odor, irritation) that evokes
- secondary repellents evoke an adverse physiological effect (e.g., illness, pain), which in turn is associated with a subsequently-avoided sensory stimulus (e.g., taste, odor, visual cue; Werner & Clark 2003, Understanding blackbird sensory systems and how repellent applications work.
- an adverse physiological effect e.g., illness, pain
- a subsequently-avoided sensory stimulus e.g., taste, odor, visual cue; Werner & Clark 2003, Understanding blackbird sensory systems and how repellent applications work.
- a subsequently-avoided sensory stimulus e.g., taste, odor, visual cue; Werner & Clark 2003, Understanding blackbird sensory systems and how repellent applications work.
- Linz, G. M. ed. Management of North American Blackbirds. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture; p31-40
- a variety of bird repellents have been previously described and are suitable for use herein, and include but are not limited to anthraquinones, flutolanil, anthranilates
- suitable visual cue agents of this invention exhibit spectral characteristics sufficiently similar to the previously-applied repellent treatment that the birds of interest do not visually differentiate between the visual cue agent and the bird repellent agent or the first treatment formulation containing the repellent agent.
- the preferred bird repellents anthraquinone,
- UV-A 320-400 nm
- UV-B 280-320 nm
- suitable visual cue agents should exhibit ultraviolet absorbance at or sufficiently near these wavelengths .
- a variety of visual cue agents are suitable for use herein, and may be identified by determination of the UV absorption spectra of the bird repellent agent of interest (or the formulation of the first treatment in which the repellent agent is applied) and candidate UV absorbing compounds or agents, and selecting as visual cue agents those UV absorbing agents which possess a UV absorbance spectrum or color that is substantially the same as that of the bird repellent agent or the first treatment.
- the UV absorption spectra of other bird repellent agents and visual cue agents may be readily determined using conventional spectroscopic analysis techniques.
- the visual cue agent may itself be effective as a repellent, typically, the visual cue agents will exhibit no statistically significant level of repelling or attracting unconditioned birds when used alone.
- Preferred visual cue agents for use herein include, but are not limited to, titanium (IV) oxides (Ti0 2 ) , trisiloxanes , siloxanes, and other UV-B- and/or UV-A-absorbent agents .
- the amount of the bird repellent agent used will vary from the initial to the subsequent applications. In the initial application (as well as any subsequent applications in the absence of visual cue agent) , the amount of the repellent agent is selected to effectively repel birds from a treated target
- an "effective amount” is defined as that amount which results in a significant repellence of the birds from a treated target in comparison to an untreated control (target without repellent) .
- the actual effective amount will vary with the particular repellent agent selected, its formulation, the bird pest, the target, and environmental factors, .and may be readily determined by routine controlled experimentation. Suitable amounts and formulations are described in the prior art as noted hereinabove, and are also provided by the repellent manufacturers and suppliers.
- preferred amounts of anthroquinone are approximately 2,000 ppm active ingredient (a.i.) for most birds, but may be as low as 600 ppm a.i. for larks
- preferred amounts of flutolanil are 35,000 ppm (GWN-4770) or 15,000 ppm (GWN-4771)
- preferred amounts of anthranilate are 80,000 ppm a.i.
- preferred amounts of methiocarb vary from 1,250 ppm a.i. for blackbirds to 30 ppm a.i. for larks and 15 ppm a.i. for robins, starlings, grackles, finches, and waxwings,
- caffeine 1:1 caffeine plus sodium benzoate
- preferred amounts of caffeine are 3,500 ppm a.i., and preferred amounts of
- chlorpyrifos plus (-cyhalothrin (COBALT) are 2,500 ppm a.i. It is also understood that while the visual cue agent may be applied with the initial repellent application, its application at this time provides no advantage and may be omitted until the subsequent applications .
- suitable amounts of the repellent agent may be between about 2% to about 60% of the amount used in the initial application, preferably between about 10% to about 60% of the amount used in the initial application, more preferably between about 25% to about 60% of the amount used in the initial application, and most preferably between about 40% to about 60% of the amount used in the initial application.
- the amount of the repellant agent is greatly reduced, that is, to less than 10% of the amount used in the initial application, particularly between 4% to 9%, and most preferably between 4% to 7%, a synergistic increase in
- repellency is observed upon addition of visual cue agent as demonstrated in Example 3. However, the overall efficacy, as measured by % repellency, remains less than that of formulations containing high levels of repellant agent ( Figure 5) .
- the amount of the efficacious visual cue agent applied can be readily determined by routine controlled experimentation. The amount will also vary with the particular visual agent, its formulation, and the target.
- preferred amounts of titanium (IV) oxide may vary from 2,000 to 5,000 ppm (AEROXIDE P25, Evonik Goldschraidt Corp., Hopewell, VA) to 3,500 to 5,000 ppm (Catalog no. 232033 available from Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) to 4,000 to 7,000 ppm (Catalog no. 808 available from Merck & Co.,
- trisiloxane may vary from 300 to 500 ppm, and siloxane may vary from 3,500 to 5,000 ppm.
- the bird repellent agent will be formulated with a suitable inert carrier as is known in the art.
- Formulations of the bird repellent agent and the visual cue agent may vary with the particular target and method of application.
- the agents may, for example, be formulated as solutions, emulsions, emulsifiable
- the particular carrier selected is not critical, and a variety of liquid and solid phase carriers may be used, including but not limited to water, aqueous
- surfactant mixtures alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, glycols, ketones, esters, oils (natural or
- the bird repellent agent and the visual cue agent may also be formulated in a single composition or formulated in different compositions and applied separately.
- the repellent agent and/or the visual cue agent may also be formulated in admixture with other agriculturally beneficial agents, including but not limited to, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, baits, adjuvants, herbicidal agents, fertilizers, and pesticides including insecticides and
- the method of the invention may be used to repel birds anywhere they pose a nuisance or, more importantly, to prevent or minimize economic damage, particularly to agricultural products.
- the repellent agent and the visual cue agent may be applied on any target or spatial location of concern from which birds are to be repelled.
- preferred targets for application include, but are not limited to, one or more of structures, agricultural fields or crops, seeds, seedlings, orchards, vineyards, livestock feed,
- Crops include, but are not limited to, one or more of corn, fruit, grains, grasses, legumes, lettuce, millet, oats, rice, row crops, sorghum, sunflower, tree nuts, turf, vegetables, and wheat.
- the subsequent treatments of the target with the repellent agent and the visual cue agent are typically applied at any time following the initial application desired by the user. For instance, in one anticipated embodiment, the
- subsequent treatments are applied when the efficacy of the initial application is significantly reduced or during periods wherein heavier bird damage is anticipated.
- the subsequent treatment is typically applied at least one week after the first treatment (in the same growing season) .
- anthranilate-based repellent methyl anthranilate conditioning group
- All birds were subsequently offered one bowl of sunflower seeds treated with the ultraviolet-absorbent cue (AEROXIDE P25, Evonik Goldschmidt Corp., Hopewell, VA) during a 4 -day test. This bird repellency experiment evaluated
- results of Example 2 demonstrated that the ultraviolet absorbance of the bird repellents tested enabled subsequent avoidance of ultraviolet-absorbent sunflower seeds during the 4 -day test ( Figure 4) .
- the amount of the repellent agent may be significantly reduced and yet effectively repel birds .
- Example 1 demonstrated that, in the absence of the repellent, consumption of food treated with the ultraviolet cue was not different than that of untreated food (i.e., the
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201480080504.7A CN106793770B (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for repelling birds |
AU2014400622A AU2014400622B2 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
AP2017009720A AP2017009720A0 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
BR112017000459-3A BR112017000459B1 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | METHODS FOR REPELLING BIRDS FROM A LOCATION |
NZ728465A NZ728465B2 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
MX2017000298A MX2017000298A (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency. |
CA2954333A CA2954333C (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
PH12017500045A PH12017500045A1 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2017-01-06 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
CONC2017/0000617A CO2017000617A2 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2017-01-25 | Ultraviolet fowl repellency strategy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201462021393P | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-07 | |
US62/021,393 | 2014-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016007179A1 true WO2016007179A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
Family
ID=55064636
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2014/048119 WO2016007179A1 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2014-07-25 | Ultraviolet strategy for avian repellency |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106793770B (en) |
AP (1) | AP2017009720A0 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014400622B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112017000459B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2954333C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2017000042A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO2017000617A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2017000298A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20170933A1 (en) |
PH (1) | PH12017500045A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016007179A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20200281188A1 (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Bird-B-Gone, Inc. | Avian Repellant Tape With Ultraviolet Patterning |
EP3914074A4 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-10-19 | The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture | Deterrence of birds from pesticide-treated substances |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107087587A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-08-25 | 成都上甲光电科技有限公司 | Ultraviolet laser bird-scaring unit based on cradle head control |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6328986B1 (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 2001-12-11 | Arkion Life Sciences | Method of deterring birds from plant and structural surfaces |
US20050186237A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2005-08-25 | Tim Day | Bird repellent |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1163553C (en) * | 1997-11-18 | 2004-08-25 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Repellent-containing material for electronic components, electronic components made by using same, and process for production of components |
US6436423B1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2002-08-20 | Arkion Life Sciences | Product and method for improving avian health |
-
2014
- 2014-07-25 MX MX2017000298A patent/MX2017000298A/en unknown
- 2014-07-25 CA CA2954333A patent/CA2954333C/en active Active
- 2014-07-25 BR BR112017000459-3A patent/BR112017000459B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-07-25 AP AP2017009720A patent/AP2017009720A0/en unknown
- 2014-07-25 WO PCT/US2014/048119 patent/WO2016007179A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-07-25 CN CN201480080504.7A patent/CN106793770B/en active Active
- 2014-07-25 PE PE2017000035A patent/PE20170933A1/en unknown
- 2014-07-25 AU AU2014400622A patent/AU2014400622B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-01-06 CL CL2017000042A patent/CL2017000042A1/en unknown
- 2017-01-06 PH PH12017500045A patent/PH12017500045A1/en unknown
- 2017-01-25 CO CONC2017/0000617A patent/CO2017000617A2/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6328986B1 (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 2001-12-11 | Arkion Life Sciences | Method of deterring birds from plant and structural surfaces |
US20050186237A1 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2005-08-25 | Tim Day | Bird repellent |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
WERNER SJ ET AL.: "Functional significance of ultraviolet feeding cues in wild turkey s.", 1 January 2013 (2013-01-01), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2246&context=icwdm_usdanwrc> [retrieved on 20140919] * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3914074A4 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-10-19 | The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of Agriculture | Deterrence of birds from pesticide-treated substances |
US20200281188A1 (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-09-10 | Bird-B-Gone, Inc. | Avian Repellant Tape With Ultraviolet Patterning |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ728465A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
MX2017000298A (en) | 2017-07-10 |
CN106793770B (en) | 2021-06-01 |
CA2954333A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
AU2014400622B2 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
PH12017500045A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 |
CA2954333C (en) | 2021-08-17 |
AP2017009720A0 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
CN106793770A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
PE20170933A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
AU2014400622A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
CO2017000617A2 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
BR112017000459B1 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
CL2017000042A1 (en) | 2017-08-18 |
BR112017000459A2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
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