WO2016005612A1

WO2016005612A1 - Compact drive system for lifts

Info

Publication number: WO2016005612A1
Application number: PCT/ES2014/070549
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jose Manuel FERNANDEZ CORRALES; Jesus RUIZ PEREZ; Hani SALIBA JOSAM
Original assignee: Mac Puar, S.A.
Priority date: 2014-07-07
Filing date: 2014-07-07
Publication date: 2016-01-14
Also published as: EP3168181A1; EP3168181B1; EP3168181A4

Abstract

The invention relates to a compact drive system for lifts which includes: a motor (1) transmitting motion to a drive system via a driving pulley (4); wherein the drive system applies said drive to a counterweight (5) via drive-transmission means (7) arranged in a closed loop; a cab and counterweight suspension system (14) by means of suspension cables (8), the cab being driven indirectly via the counterweight, the tension to be applied to the drive belt being applied by means of a system of cams which can only rotate in the direction to provide tension (6), and all the elements being arranged and housed between one of the walls of the lift well and the facing wall of the cab. The invention optimises the use of the surface of the lift well, and is especially useful in existing buildings undergoing renovation, in which the lift well is small and there is no escape space or pit space.

Description

REDUCED DIMENSIONS TRACTION SYSTEM FOR

ELEVATORS

DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention, as the title establishes, is a traction system of reduced dimensions for elevators and the like that is completely located between one of the walls of the hole and the facing wall of the cabin, without affecting the upper clearance or flight, or to free space infer or pit.

The present invention features the special design features of the traction system that make it a traction system that is all arranged in a space between one of the cabin walls and the facing wall of the elevator shaft, mounted parallel to both walls, presenting smaller dimensions than those known so far, reaching a total depth or thickness of the order of 14 cm, so it is especially applicable for mounting elevators in buildings already built with reduced gaps .

The main application of this traction system is in existing buildings, rehabilitations, however, it does not have to be the only one, we could also be talking about a new standard of hole, that is, in new works it allows to save spaces by making a smaller hole ^Q n for the same passenger.

Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of the traction systems for elevators and particularly between those arranged between the cabin and one of the walls of the elevator shaft.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One of the problems encountered by elevator manufacturers is how to design traction systems of the smallest possible dimensions so that they can be installed in holes in already constructed buildings, where these holes were not designed to install an elevator .

In short, it seeks to optimize the existing gap, minimizing the dimensions of the traction system so that the free space for the cabin is as much as possible.

There are several known traction systems in the state of the art in which traction and suspension are separated as described below. In patents ES2245189, EP 1595840 and JP 2002173281, traction systems with motorized counterweight are disclosed, that is to say that they carry the machine in the counterweight. This type of design necessarily has a separation of traction and suspension, by definition, as the machine is suspended and located on the counterweight.

In EP1367017A1 a counterweight mounted machine is disclosed.

EP1439145A1 discloses a system that drives directly on the cab.

EP1595840A1 discloses a brake to regulate the speed, having no relation to the object now raised

In EP2390221 A1 a machine mounted on the counterweight is disclosed. In patent ES2245189A1 a traction system is disclosed with the machine in counterweight or cabin.

In patent FR2823734A1 a system is disclosed that is not related to the object of the invention.

In JP2002173281 A a traction system is disclosed with the machine in the counterweight In the US1071309A patent it discloses a traction system with pulleys arranged with perpendicular axes so it requires a large floor space.

In WO03086937A1 a belt tension system with a kind of tension pulley is disclosed.

WO9829326A1 describes a traction system for elevators that does not allow an optimization of the elevator shaft. WO2008125704A1 discloses a system that drives on the cab

In WO201 3079790A1, a system that is driven on cab is divided

However, none of the solutions described in the aforementioned prior art documents solve or seek to solve how to design a traction system that involves the most optimized use of the elevator shaft, both in plan and height. Consequently, the solutions of these documents make their application in small spaces unfeasible.

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop a traction system that basically manages to reduce the necessary space both in plan and in height for the installation of the traction system, which allows an optimization of the surface of the hole, being a system simple, with reduced installation and maintenance costs, developing a system like the one described below and is included in its essentiality in the first claim.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is a traction system of reduced dimensions for elevators that is installed completely between the walls of the hole and the cabin, without affecting the free space above the hole, known as escape, or the free space in the part lower hole known as pit. Thanks to the fact that the traction system is completely located between one of the walls of the hole and the cabin, the use of the area of the hole is maximum, and also does not require special dimensions for the escape and the pit, makes the system a system of ideal traction for buildings in rehabilitation in which the existing holes were not originally designed to house an elevator, as well as in new buildings that require special construction requirements.

The traction system has a backpack type chassis, where all the machinery and guides are on one side, that is, in the space between one of the walls of the cabin and the facing wall of the hole, with such a design that the entire traction system has a reduced width, allowing optimum use of the elevator shaft. The proposed traction system has the following characteristics:

The traction is carried out directly on the counterweight by means of a closed loop of a belt or cable pulled by adhesion, while the traction of the cabin is carried out indirectly through the counterweight by means of suspension cables.

Thanks to the separation of functions, a more optimized distribution of the elements is achieved, and consequently allows a larger cabin area for the same hole.

The traction is carried out on the counterweight by means of a closed loop system where the draft ratio can be from 1: 1 to 4: 1, using a small size tractor pulley that reduces the necessary torque.

The tension that is necessary to apply to said loop to obtain adhesion can be obtained in different ways, being initially preferred in which the lift's own weight participates, by means of a cam system, this greatly simplifies the solution and, above all, does not it implies space, as other dock alternatives, counterweights, etc. can do.

The cam system has an important peculiarity. The rotation of the cam has a degree of freedom in only one direction, the one that provides tension to the belt. In the opposite direction, the cam is mechanically locked in such a way that it prevents the loss of tension when the elevator is operating with different loads, that is, the tension is fixed for the maximum load in the cabin and does not release when it is empty.

On the other hand, to ensure that the traction system occupies the smallest possible space, the motor has reduced dimensions, particularly a reduced depth, using either a motor whose rotor directly acts on the tractor pulley (direct traction), or using a pulley. tractor unit separated from the engine, connected by a reduction of parallel shafts, such as a toothed belt. Reduced compensation factor In most elevators, 50% is set as a compensation factor, that is, the weight of the counterweight is equal to the weight of the cabin (P) plus 50% of the load of people (Q); P + 0.5Q .. This means that the device consumes the maximum of its power during empty down paths (very frequent). However, traffic studies show that minor counterweights, between 30-35%, would achieve a better energy balance. In a conventional elevator the adhesion depends directly on the P + Q (P is the weight of the cabin, and Q the load) and the counterweight, so that if the compensation factor is low, the adhesion conditions are worsened. This circumstance is more critical when working with small elevators of low P and Q. With the system of the invention, where the adhesion does not depend directly on the P and Q but is also affected by a cam system relationship, it allows configurations with low counterbalance values. Thanks to having a control of the tension of the adjustable belt with respect to the total weight of the elevator, we can use lighter materials and designs, therefore, cheaper

On the other hand, when working with pulleys of reduced diameter, the necessary torques to move the elevator are relatively small, so lowering the counterweight factor has a controlled influence on the volume of the motor to be used and its corresponding impact on the architecture of the elevator

The suspension of the lift is carried out by means of two suspension pulleys, which requires a more or less centered arrangement of the counterweight with respect to the cabin, so that the necessary surface area of the traction system is clearly reduced. traction ma presents as constructive characteristics

A traction motor in which the motor shaft and the tractor pulley have the parallel axes, and the motor shaft and the tractor pulley axis can coincide. Traction transmission means, which can be cables or traction belts and which in a possible preferred but not limited embodiment, are at least two tension belts, which, starting from a higher fixing point, pass through an upper pulley of the counterweight, by the tractor pulley, to continue to a forwarding pulley mounted in the lower part of the hole, to continue to a lower pulley of the counterweight and finally to be fixed its end end in the lower part of the hole.

A suspension of the cabin by means of two suspension pulleys using suspension cables that start from the counterweight and connect with the cabin, passing through the suspension pulleys, where the axis of said suspension pulleys is connected to the cam system so that transmits the weight of the cabin and the counterweight to it.

- A cam system, arranged in the suspension pulleys of the cab, with the particularity that they have limited rotation in one of the directions, which provides the necessary tension to the traction loop so that it has the necessary adhesion in the tractor pulley and the motor torque can be transformed into vertical movement of the cab.

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, accompanies as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings in which the following has been represented as illustrative and not limiting.

In Figure 1, we can see a schematic representation of the proposed traction system.

In figure 2, we can see a plan representation of the area of the hole in relation to the cabin and the traction system. Figure 3 shows a detail in front view of the motor, the voltage regulating system and the counterweight.

In Figure 4, the above representation is shown in perspective. Figure 5 shows a detail of the guide system and the lower crossbar of the engine.

Figure 6 shows the cab in relation to the rest of the traction system. Figure 7 shows a representation of a possible alternative embodiment to the direct traction machine shown in Figure 1.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION. In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.

In Figure 1 we can see the traction system includes:

a motor (1) responsible for transmitting traction to belts or cables (7) by means of a tractor pulley (4), where belts or cables (7) perform traction on a counterweight (5) and are arranged in a loop closed, A cam system (6) for tensioning the belts or cables (7),

a cab suspension system (14) by means of suspension cables (8)

where

The traction of the cabin is carried out indirectly through the counterweight by means of the suspension cables (8), the cabin (14) being pulled from the counterweight (5).

- the suspension of the cabin is carried out by means of two suspension pulleys (8.1) and by means of suspension cables (8) that, starting from the counterweight (5) and passing through the suspension pulleys (8) connect to the cabin (14) .

the cam system (6) arranged in the suspension pulleys of the cab that can only rotate in the direction of providing tension to the closed traction loop and in the opposite direction of rotation is locked to prevent the loss of tension, being fixed the tension for the maximum load in the cabin The motor (1) is essentially flat whose axis moves the tractor pulley directly (4)

The traction assembly, in a second embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, consists of a motor (1) that moves through a toothed belt (21) a reduction pulley (22) in whose interior would be the traction sheave of the elevator (4), the engine pulley (1 .1) and the traction sheave of the elevator (4) being arranged with its axes in parallel and occupying the smallest possible width The belts or cables (7) have a configuration in a closed loop, which in a possible embodiment, start from a superior fixation (9) made on the cam system, (6) responsible for applying the necessary tension to the Straps or cables (7). Next, the belts or cables (7) pass through the upper pulley (10) of the counterweight (5) to continue to the tractor pulley (4) to continue to the return pulley (1 1) fixed at the bottom of the hole , continuing to the lower pulley (12) of the counterweight, to finally be fixed at its end (13) at the bottom of the hole.

In order not to take up more space than is strictly necessary, the traction belt running from the traction sheave (4) to the return pulley (1 1) fixed at the bottom of the elevator shaft, can run through the interior itself counterweight (5), which results in avoiding an increase in the necessary background of the traction system.

The suspension cables (8) on which the cab (14) and counterweight (5) are hung are separated into two groups, of at least two cables each, which are fixed on the sides of the cabin and counterweight chassis, next to the guiding elements thereof, and are hung on two upper suspension pulleys (8.1) whose axes of rotation are independent of each other. The fact that the suspension is made with two separate cable branches provides two advantages, the first is that the size of the elements can be reduced and located in a more optimized way. The second is that it improves the centering of the cabin and counterweight shots which results in a better functioning of the system by reducing friction in front of a system where the shot is off center. Thanks to the use of two suspension pulleys, the relative position in the plan of the counterweight and of the cabin is quite centered, which results in a reduction of the effective surface in the plant necessary to use for the elevator shaft. Figure 2 shows the relative position of the cabin (14) and the traction system (16) with respect to the area of the hole (15), being able to appreciate that the traction system has very small dimensions, which is located in its whole between one of the walls of the hole and the facing wall of the cabin, not directly affecting the escape, or the pit, being the depth (17) necessary to mount the entire traction system greatly reduced. In figure 3 you can see the cabin guides (19) where the cabin runs, and the counterweight guides (20), where the counterweight (5) runs (figure 1), leaving the entire traction system arranged in the space between one of the faces of the cabin and the facing wall of the elevator shaft, occupying a reduced thickness, and preferably with the axes of the pulleys parallel to each other and perpendicular to the guides, this allows to use as a means of traction in addition of cables, tension straps.

In Figure 4, the new referenced elements that can be seen in better detail are the fixing brackets (19.1) of the car guides (19) and the fixing brackets (20.1) of the counterweight guides (20).

Figure 5 shows the presence of a lower cross member (5.1) of the counterweight, and on which the lower pulley (12) of the counterweight is fixed. In figure 6, it is worth noting the presence of the forwarding pulley (1 1) fixed at the bottom of the hole.

Finally, in Figure 7 an alternative way of transmitting the traction to that shown in Figure 1 is shown, and which falls under the same principles of the invention, which consists in that the traction of a motor (1) is transmitted from the motor pulley (1 .1) to a reduction pulley (22) by means of a toothed belt (21), the motor pulley (4) remaining inside the reduction pulley (22) with a smaller diameter. The motor pulley (1 .1) must be arranged so that its axis is parallel to that of the reduction pulley (22).

The main advantage of this system is the resulting morphology, where the engine, due to the intermediate reduction, reduces its size and can placed sideways, which allows the machine to be perfectly integrated into the assembly.

Therefore, thanks to the described traction system consisting of indirectly traction of the cabin through the counterweight moved by a closed loop of belts or cables, using a cam system that applies the necessary tension to said traction loop and of the counterweight to obtain the adhesion, a separation of functions of the different elements that participate in the traction and suspension of the cabin is achieved and consequently an optimal distribution of them that allows them to be arranged, in the space between one of the faces of the cabin and the wall of the pit facing each other presenting a reduced width, so that the optimization of the use of the elevator shaft area is achieved, where it is also not necessary for the elevator shaft to present special considerations for escape and for the pit.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example. , and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims

1 .- Traction system for elevators comprising:

a motor (1) with a tractor pulley (4) responsible for transmitting the movement to belts or cables (7) by adhesion, where the belts or cables (7) make a traction on a counterweight (5) with the belts or cables (7) arranged in a closed loop, A cam system (6) for tension application to the belts or cables (7)

- Suspension cables (8) of cab (14) and counterweight (5) characterized in that

The traction of the cabin (14) from the engine (1) is carried out indirectly through the counterweight (5), by means of the suspension cables (8).

The suspension of the cabin is carried out by means of two suspension pulleys (8.1) and by means of suspension cables (8) that, starting from the counterweight (5) and passing through the suspension pulleys (8) connect to the cabin (14).

the cam system (6) arranged in the suspension pulleys of the cabin which can only turn in the direction of providing tension to the means of transmission of the traction, and in the opposite direction the rotation is blocked to prevent the loss of voltage, being set the tension for the maximum load in the cabin.

All the elements are housed in the space between one of the walls of the cabin and the facing wall of the elevator shaft

2. Traction system for elevators, according to claim 1, characterized in that the belts or cables (7) have a draft ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 4

3. - Traction system for elevators, according to claim 2, characterized in that the belts or cables (7) have a closed-loop configuration that starts from an upper fixing (9) made on the cam system, (6), a then the belts or cables (7) pass through an upper pulley (10) of the counterweight (5) to continue to the tractor pulley (4) to continue to a return pulley (1 1) fixed at the bottom of the hole, continuing to a lower pulley (12) of the counterweight, to finally be fixed at its end (13) at the bottom of the hole.

4. Traction system for elevators, according to claim 3, characterized in that the belts or cables (7) running from the traction sheave (4) to the return pulley (1 1) fixed at the bottom of the elevator shaft , runs through the inside of the counterweight (5).

5. Traction system for elevators, according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension cables (8) on which the cab (14) and counterweight (5) are hung comprise at least two cables each, which are fixed in the sides of the cabin and counterweight chassis, close to the guiding elements thereof, and hang on the two suspension pulleys (8.1) whose rotation axes are independent of each other.

6. Traction system for elevators, according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor (1) moves through a gear belt reduction (21) the elevator pulley (4), leaving the motor axles and tractor pulley arranged parallel to each other and essentially perpendicular to the hollow wall on which the entire described traction system is fixed.