WO2016000529A1

WO2016000529A1 - High-speed pulsating type turning processing method and device for implementing the method

Info

Publication number: WO2016000529A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/081652
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张文武; 何元峰; 宋涛; 张天润; 王元杰; 王云峰
Original assignee: 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
Priority date: 2014-07-04
Filing date: 2015-06-17
Publication date: 2016-01-07
Also published as: CN105215375A; CN105215375B

Abstract

A high-speed pulsating type turning processing method and a device for implementing the method, during turning process, the contact manner between a tool and a workpiece (1) is improved from the continuous contact mode to the pulsating contact mode. By means of the movement of the tool, the relative linear cutting speed of a blade (5) between the workpiece (1) is higher than the surface speed of the workpiece and high-speed turning is implemented. Further, implementing active cooling to the tool before and after the turning and controlling the temperature of workpiece (1) material before the turning expand the processing scope of the tool material and avoid the burden of heat-resistant caused by temperature rise of the tool.

Description

High-speed pulsating turning processing method and device for realizing the same

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of turning machining, and particularly relates to a high-speed pulsating turning processing method and a device for realizing the same.

Background technique

Turning is a common cutting method that plays an important role in cutting production. This method uses a spindle to rotate a workpiece relative to a fixed tool on a lathe to cut the workpiece. Therefore, in the turning process, the contact between the cutting edge of the tool and the workpiece is generally a single point continuous contact type.

However, this single-point continuous contact turning method has a disadvantage in that the turning line speed is low. Especially when it is necessary to turn large workpieces, such as the drive shaft of a large ship, the main shaft of a generator set, the central axis of an aeroengine, etc., due to the large size of the workpiece, the ordinary turning machine (referred to as "lathe") is difficult to process, and a heavy-duty lathe is required. In heavy-duty lathes, due to the large size of the workpiece to be machined, if the spindle rotates at a high speed, on the one hand, the spindle load will be increased, and the performance of the motor and the spindle components will be higher. On the one hand, the power consumption will be squared with the speed. Proportional increase, increased speed results in a lot of energy, increasing the production and operating costs of lathes. Therefore, compared with medium-sized and small-sized lathes whose spindle speed is generally above 500 RPM, when the heavy-duty lathe is turning large workpieces, the spindle speed is generally as low as 50 RPM, and the workpiece rotating at a low speed is turned by a fixed turning tool.

Low spindle speed will cause the following problems: (1) The cutting speed of the tool relative to the workpiece is low, that is, the turning speed is low, resulting in a long machining cycle; (2) When the cutting speed is low, the turning force is large, and the tool wear is serious, affecting The cutting quality, especially for high hardness, high viscosity, high brittleness and other materials, is greatly reduced. Xiong Chuyang et al. in the literature: A review of the Salomon hypothesis, aerospace manufacturing technology, 2007. The study also shows that the cutting speed of the tool relative to the workpiece increases, the cutting force decreases, the range of the turnable material expands, and the turning process A series of advantages such as improved quality and reduced heat production.

In addition, in the single-point continuous contact turning method, the heat generated by the friction between the tool and the workpiece is not easily lost. Especially in heavy-duty lathes, due to the large size and weight of the workpiece, the friction between the tool and the workpiece generates a large amount of heat, which causes the following problems: (1) tool wear is accelerated, point contact is degraded into line contact or even surface contact, cutting force Then increase; (2) the tool is thermally deformed, which affects the machining accuracy; (3) the chip temperature rises, forming a built-up edge on the tool, which again affects the accuracy of the tool. At present, in the actual turning process, the application of coolant is generally used to reduce friction and remove heat. However, due to the limited area of the cutting contact point in the single-point continuous contact turning process, it is difficult to be effectively cooled and the cooling effect is not good.

In addition, the current turning technology is mainly for metal workpieces, but the processing ability for brittle materials or superhard materials is insufficient, and the processing of sticky materials (such as copper) and materials with poor thermal conductivity (such as titanium alloy) appears. And heat loss and other issues. Especially in heavy-duty lathes, the spindle speed is low, and the processing quality of brittle materials, super-hard materials, viscous materials and materials with poor thermal conductivity needs to be improved.

Therefore, how to improve the existing turning process, especially the turning process of large-sized workpieces in heavy-duty lathes is one of the key research topics of the scientific and technical workers in this field.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the above conventional turning technology, the present invention provides a high-speed pulsating turning processing method capable of realizing high-speed line cutting speed under the condition that the rotational speed of the lathe spindle is relatively low, thereby improving turning efficiency. Extend tool life, expand the range of machinable materials, and reduce processing costs, especially for heavy-duty lathes for large-size, high-quality large workpiece turning.

The technical proposal of the invention is: a high-speed pulsating turning machining method, wherein the workpiece is rotated by the spindle, and the cutting edge of the cutter is in contact with the workpiece for turning, and the feature is that the cutting edge is in a "moving" state during the turning process. The cutting speed of the cutting edge to the workpiece is provided by the movement of the cutting edge and the rotation of the workpiece, that is, the cutting speed of the cutting edge to the workpiece is composed of the cutting edge speed and the surface speed of the workpiece surface, so the cutting speed of the cutting edge to the workpiece is greater than the surface line of the workpiece. Speed; and the contact point of a point on the blade with the workpiece is changed from continuous contact to pulsating contact type, that is, the contact with the workpiece is intermittent for a certain contact point on the cutting edge, that is to say After the contact point makes one contact with the workpiece, the next contact is made after a certain time interval.

The invention also provides a tool for achieving the high speed pulsating contact, comprising a tool of a chain structure and a tool of a sleeve structure.

(-) chain structure tool

The tool of the chain structure is composed of a knife chain, a transmission device and a plurality of cutting edges. The cutting edge is arranged on the chain of the knife, and the chain moves under the action of the transmission device to drive the blade to move. Preferably, the blade spacing is evenly disposed on the chain. Preferably, the transmission device is formed by using at least two rotating wheels. In the working state, the workpiece is located between the rotating wheels adjacent to each other outside the chain, and the rotating wheel rotates to drive the chain to move, so that the blade is in contact with the workpiece. It is in motion when turning.

Preferably, the cutter of the chain structure may be as follows.

(1) Chain structure one

As shown in FIG. 1, the structure includes a rotating wheel and a chain 4. The turning wheel includes a driving wheel 2 and a driven wheel 3. An enlarged view of the chain 4 is shown in Fig. 2, comprising a hinge 6 and a chain link 7, the links 7 being connected by a hinge 6, and the cutting edge 5 being mounted on the chain link 7. In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located outside the chain 4, between the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3, and the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3 perform a rotary motion to drive the chain 4 to move, so that the cutting edge 5 is in contact with the workpiece for turning. In a linear motion.

In this structure, the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3 can be modified to an appropriate size according to specific processing requirements, and the tool can be miniaturized and lightened; the length of the chain 4 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the chain link 7, so that it can be customized according to specific processing requirements. The tool can be adjusted independently and conveniently to achieve miniaturization and weight reduction.

(2) Chain structure II

As shown in FIG. 3, the structure is a variant of the chain structure shown in FIG. 1 above, comprising a driving wheel 2, at least two guiding wheels 8 and a chain 4, the blade 5 being mounted on the chain 4, the guiding wheel 8 The spacing between the wheels is adjustable and the spacing between the guide wheel 8 and the drive wheel 2 is adjustable. In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located between the two guide wheels 8, the driving wheel 2 rotates, and the guiding wheel 8 rotates accordingly to drive the chain 4 to move, so that the blade on the chain 4 is straight when it is in contact with the workpiece for turning. motion.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the portion of the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4, which shows the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4 of Figure 3 Install the relationship. The I-shaped guide wheel end flanges 20 of Fig. 4 limit the range of motion of the hinge 6, and ensure the guiding action of the guide wheels 8.

This structure facilitates the insertion of the blade into the hard-to-reach area of the workpiece 1 which is difficult to reach, and can meet the processing requirements of high directivity in precision machining.

(3) Chain structure three

As shown in FIG. 5, the structure is another modification of the chain structure shown in FIG. 1 above, including a driving wheel 2, a driven wheel 3, two guiding wheels 8 and a chain 4, and the blade is mounted on the chain 4. Two guide wheels 8 are located between the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3, and the spacing between the two guiding wheels 8 is adjustable to adjust the spacing between the chains 4. In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located on the side of the driven wheel 3, and is turned by contact with the blade passing through the side of the driven wheel 3. Compared with the structure shown in FIG. 3, the structure can further reduce the processing contact area and satisfy the precision machining. A higher directivity machining requirement, while providing linear pulsation processing at the portion of the chain 4 between the driven wheel 3 and the guide wheel 8.

In this configuration, since the blade 5 faces the guide wheel 8, in the working state, in order to prevent the guide wheel 8 from obstructing the movement of the chain 4, the structure of the guide wheel 8 and its attachment to the chain 4 are improved, Fig. 6 It is a plan view of the portion of the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4, which shows the structure of the guide wheel 8 and its mounting relationship with the chain 4. Compared with the I-shaped guide wheel in FIG. 4, the flange 20 of the guide wheel of FIG. 6 is composed of a first flange 21 and a second flange 22, the first flange 21 and the second flange. 22 different diameters, overlapping placement; the first flange 21 is used to limit the range of motion of the hinge 6, to ensure the guiding action of the guide wheel 8, and the second flange 22 provides a passage space for the movement of the blade 5.

In the chain structure one, two, and three, preferably, the driving wheel has a larger diameter than the driven wheel, so that the linear speed amplifying device is driven by the motor driving, and the linear velocity is transferred to the tool, thereby enabling further Increase the turning speed. For example, using a 300 mm diameter drive wheel, the linear speed can be increased by 15 times relative to a 20 mm diameter driven wheel, and the requirements for the electric spindle are greatly reduced. The medium and low speed motor can achieve the goal of ultra high speed turning.

(2) Tool with a shaft structure

In the tool with a shaft structure, there are several cutting edges distributed around the circumference of the circular device. When the cutting edge is in contact with the workpiece for turning, the cutting edge rotates, and the contact mode between the cutting edge and the workpiece is high-speed rotary pulsating contact.

Preferably, the tool of the sleeve structure can be as follows:

(1) sleeve shaft structure

As shown in FIG. 7, the structure includes a driving wheel 2, a driven wheel 3, a belt 9 and a blade. The blade is located at the periphery of the disk to form a disk blade 11, and the disk blade is coaxial with the driven wheel 3. The driving wheel 2 rotates under the action of the driving motor, and the driven wheel 3 rotates accordingly to drive the disc cutter 11 to rotate.

In this structure, the blade rotates at a high speed, and the diameter ratio of the driving wheel and the driven wheel can be adjusted, thereby further increasing the wire cutting rate of the blade to the workpiece. For example, if the drive wheel diameter is 500 mm and the driven wheel diameter is 100 mm, the line speed will be increased by 5 times compared to the motor directly driving the disc blade. In addition, the power transmission mode between the driving wheel and the driven wheel is not limited, and may be belt transmission, chain transmission, gear transmission, and the like.

(2) sleeve shaft structure II

As shown in Fig. 8, the cutter in the structure comprises a plurality of disc blades coaxially sleeved on the connecting shaft 10, and the diameter thereof is graded, which is called "diameter-graded disc blade". Among them, the number of disc blades can be adjusted according to actual processing needs. whole. In Fig. 8, the left diagram is a schematic diagram, and the right diagram is a schematic diagram of the modeling. The disc blade 11 is locked by a lock nut 12. In the working state, the connecting shaft 10 is rotated by the driving motor to drive the disc blades 11 to perform a rotational movement.

This structure has the following advantages:

1) The transmission is simplified as a tool drive motor spindle;

2) In a single machining process, the small-diameter disc blade is responsible for the roughing, and the large-diameter disc blade is responsible for the finishing, so the structure can be completed in the rough processing and finishing in one machining process;

3) and, as the tool diameter increases, the degree of finishing gradually increases;

4) The contact mode of each disc blade with the workpiece is pulsating contact type, and the temperature change of the tool is small and the force is small during the turning process. Therefore, the socket structure is adopted from the viewpoint of temperature increase and force. The composite disc blade is completely feasible.

In summary, in the existing turning processing, the contact point of the blade on the blade is in continuous point contact, which is called continuous point contact turning. In the turning process of the present invention, the blade is "moved" relative to the workpiece such that the wire cutting rate of the blade to the workpiece is greater than the surface linear velocity of the rotating workpiece; and the contact of the contact point on the blade with the workpiece is changed from continuous contact to Pulsating contact type, it is called high speed pulsating contact type.

Compared to continuous point contact, this high speed pulsating contact has the following advantages:

(1) Increased turning line speed and energy saving

Under the same spindle load, the turning line speed is effectively improved. Compared with lathes, the tools are generally small in size and light in weight, enabling high-speed rotation with low energy consumption. Therefore, compared with increasing the turning speed of the spindle by increasing the spindle speed, the method consumes very little energy. High speed turning is achieved;

Taking a heavy-duty machine of a certain type as an example, the maximum workable workpiece has a diameter of 2500mm, a maximum speed of 90r/min, and a main motor power of 75kw. When it processes the largest workpiece at the maximum speed, the linear speed of the blade is 11.78m/s. When using the method of the present invention, a blade having a diameter of 300 mm is used. When the workpiece is rotated at a speed of 5 r/min, the surface speed of the workpiece surface is 0.65 m/s, and the blade rotation speed is only 708 r/min to achieve the same as the former. Line speed; when the blade speed is 9000 RPM, the high speed cutting speed of 2700 m/min can be achieved, that is, the spindle speed is 1/18 of the former, and the motor power of the blade at the maximum speed is less than 5 kw.

(2) The cutting speed of the blade to the workpiece is improved.

On the one hand, the cutting force when the blade is in contact with the workpiece is reduced, the service life of the blade is prolonged, and on the other hand, the range of the material that can be turned is expanded, and the quality of the turning process is improved.

(3) Helps reduce heat during turning

In the continuous point-contact cutting mode, the effective cutting edge of the cutting edge is always in contact with the workpiece, and the continuous friction causes the heat to be generated and accumulated. In the turning process of the present invention, the cutting edge is in pulsating contact with the workpiece, and the contact point of the cutting edge is The workpiece is pulsating and spaced contact friction, so the heat generated by the friction has a time of emission, which effectively avoids heat accumulation. Therefore, for aluminum, copper, ordinary carbon steel and other materials can not be applied with cooling fluid, only by the air-cooling effect attached to high-speed motion can continue processing without sticking.

Experiments have confirmed that the high-speed pulsation turning method of the present invention successfully implements dry air-cooled turning for silica gel, copper, aluminum, and 304 stainless steel, and the temperature of the turning process indicates that the workpiece temperature is close to the ambient temperature, thereby verifying the above. thesis.

It has been verified by experiments that the processing of copper and silica gel materials, the conventional turning will have the problem of swarf winding or difficult to process due to flexibility. With the high-speed pulsating turning method of the present invention, the workpiece material can be completely cut into powder on the one hand, and On the one hand, the temperature rise of the workpiece can be less than 30 degrees Celsius.

(4) Low equipment cost and high processing efficiency

The requirements for the spindle motor are lower, which greatly reduces the equipment cost; shortens the machining cycle and improves the machining efficiency.

In order to further avoid the generation of heat during the turning process, the present invention adopts a preferred treatment measure: not only cooling the blade during the turning process, but also cooling the blade before and after turning, thereby ensuring that the blade is in a normal temperature or a low temperature for most of the time. There is a small temperature rise only in the short time of contact with the workpiece and turning, and the small temperature rise can not accumulate heat through air cooling, active application of medium cooling, etc., thereby ensuring the rigidity and life of the blade. Among them, the cooling means for cooling before and after turning and during turning are not limited, including medium cooling, such as air cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, etc., cooling liquid cooling, and the like. The cooling application method before and after the turning is not limited, and the cooling medium may be sprayed to the cutting edge, or the cutting edge may be passed through a cooling medium or the like.

Considering the problem that brittle materials such as ceramics and ultra-high hardness materials such as hardened alloys are difficult to process during turning, the present invention adopts more preferable treatment measures under the preferred measures of cooling the blades before and after turning and during turning. Before the turning and during the turning process, the workpiece material is heated to soften the surface of the workpiece material, so that when the cutting edge performs high-speed cutting on the surface material, on the one hand, the overall performance of the workpiece is not greatly affected, on the other hand Combined with the cooling measures of the cutting edge during the turning process, the problem of heat resistance to the cutting edge due to the temperature rise and the service life of the cutting edge are avoided.

For example, before turning the alumina ceramic bar, the bar is first rapidly heated by a diode laser to bring the temperature to about 200 degrees below the melting point, and the surface of the ceramic material can be softened to make the cutting force relatively large. Reduced to reduce blade loss during turning.

The heating method is not limited, and includes a laser heating method, a heating wire heating method, and the like.

In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Change the contact mode between the cutting edge and the workpiece during the turning process from continuous point contact to high speed pulsating contact type, effectively solving the contradiction between machine speed and equipment cost, improving the turning line speed and reducing the contact between the cutting edge and the workpiece. Cutting force saves energy, prolongs the life of the blade and reduces heat during turning.

(2) Further, cooling measures are taken on the cutting edge before and after the cutting edge is in contact with the workpiece for turning and during the turning process, thereby further avoiding heat accumulation and ensuring the rigidity and life of the cutting edge;

(3) Further, before turning and during turning, the workpiece material is heated, thereby softening the surface layer of the workpiece material while avoiding the heat-resistance of the blade, further reducing the cutting force, especially for brittle materials and Ultra high hardness material.

The invention also provides a device for realizing the above-mentioned high-speed pulsating turning processing method, as shown in FIG. 9, comprising a spindle, a spindle driving component, a spindle rotation control unit, a tool, a tool driving component, and a tool motion control unit;

The spindle rotation control unit sends a control signal to the spindle drive assembly, and the spindle drive assembly drives the spindle to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate;

The tool motion control unit sends a control signal to the tool drive assembly, and the tool drive assembly provides power to the tool to drive the blade movement; for the tool of the chain structure and the first (1) tool of the sleeve structure, the tool drive assembly drives the transmission device. Movement; for the (2)th tool of the above-mentioned sleeve shaft structure, the cutter drive assembly drives the sleeve shaft device to move.

Preferably, a cooling control unit, a cooling assembly, a heating control unit, a heating assembly, and a temperature control unit are also included. The cooling control unit sends a control signal to the cooling component, the cooling component cools the blade; the heating control unit sends a control signal to the heating component, the heating component heats the surface of the workpiece; and the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for obtaining the workpiece and the blade temperature, The temperature signal is fed back to the cooling control unit and the heating control unit.

The relationship between the temperature control unit and other components is shown in FIG. In order to reduce or eliminate the influence of environmental temperature change on the machining accuracy, the temperature control unit further includes an ambient temperature sensor and a temperature compensation module, the ambient temperature sensor monitors the working environment temperature, and sends the temperature data to the temperature compensation module, and the temperature compensation module compensates according to the temperature. The algorithm calculates the temperature compensation data and transmits it to the spindle rotation control unit and the tool motion control unit for adjusting parameters such as the spindle rotation speed and the blade movement speed.

As shown in Figure 11, the cooling system includes a cooling control unit and a cooling assembly that controls the temperature of the workpiece and the cutting edge with the aid of a temperature control unit. Cooling components include, but are not limited to, cooling pumps, coolants, cooling ducts, and the like. According to the workpiece and blade temperature obtained by the temperature control unit, the cooling control unit controls the operation of the cooling assembly, such as controlling the start and stop of the cooling pump, the output speed of the coolant, etc., to form a closed loop control of the cooling.

When the tool is the (2) tool of the above-mentioned sleeve shaft structure, as an implementation manner, the mounting structure of the tool and the partial cooling assembly is as shown in FIG. Here, the servo drive motor 14 is used to drive the tool. The servo motor 14 is connected to the motion control system via the motor bracket 13. The motor shaft drives the tool to rotate through the sleeve 15. The tool guard 17 is mounted on the servo motor 14 and the motor bracket in a semi-wrapped state. In addition, the cooling duct 19 is mounted on the tool guard 17 via the cooling tube bracket 18 and passes through the small hole in the tool guard 17 to direct the outlet of the cooling duct 19 to the cutting edge of the cutter 16, ensuring that the cooling is delivered in place.

In summary, the device for realizing the high-speed pulsating turning method provided by the present invention has a simple structure and a variety of tool designs, and can meet different application requirements. When the device is used for turning, the axial impact force on the machine tool spindle is small, and the cutting force of the tool is small, thereby reducing energy consumption and prolonging tool life. Moreover, it is suitable for turning difficult-to-machine materials under the aid of cooling and heating units, such as brittle materials such as ceramics and ultra-high hardness materials such as hardened alloys, and is suitable for processing difficult-to-machine materials such as non-stick knives. .

DRAWINGS

1 is a structural schematic view of a chain structure cutter in a high speed pulsating turning machining device of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the chain of Figure 1;

3 is a second structural schematic view of a chain structure cutter in the high speed pulsating turning machining device of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a plan view of the guide wheel and the chain portion of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a third structural schematic view of a chain structure cutter in the high speed pulsating turning processing device of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the guide wheel and the chain portion of Figure 5;

7 is a structural schematic view of a sleeve shaft structure cutter in the high speed pulsation turning processing device of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a second structural schematic view of a sleeve shaft structure cutter in the high speed pulsating turning machining device of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the functional structure of the high-speed pulsating turning processing device of the present invention;

10 is a schematic diagram showing the functional structure of the ambient temperature sensor and the temperature compensation module of FIG. 9;

Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the functional structure of a cooling system in the high-speed pulsating turning processing device of the present invention;

Figure 12 is one of the mounting structures of the cutter and the partial cooling assembly having the structure shown in Figure 8.

detailed description

The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and embodiments, and it is to be noted that the embodiments described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and not to limit the invention.

The reference numerals in Fig. 1-12 are: workpiece 1, drive wheel 2, driven wheel 3, chain 4, blade 5, hinge 6, chain link 7, guide wheel 8, drive belt 9, connecting shaft 10, disc blade 11. Lock nut 12, motor bracket 13, servo drive motor 14, sleeve 15, drive tool 16, tool guard 17, cooling tube bracket 18, cooling duct 19, flange 20, first flange 21, second Flange 22.

Example 1:

In the present embodiment, a schematic diagram of the functional structure of the high-speed pulsating turning device is shown in FIG. 9, and includes a spindle, a spindle drive assembly, a spindle rotation control unit, a tool, a tool drive assembly, and a tool motion control unit.

The spindle rotation control unit sends a control signal to the spindle drive assembly, and the spindle drive assembly drives the spindle to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate.

The tool motion control unit sends a control signal to the tool drive assembly, which provides power to the tool to drive the blade motion.

The high speed pulsating turning apparatus further includes a cooling control unit, a cooling assembly, a heating control unit, a heating assembly, and a temperature control unit.

Before and after turning and during turning, the cooling control unit sends a control signal to the cooling assembly, the cooling assembly cools the cutting edge, and at the same time, because the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for obtaining the workpiece and the cutting edge temperature, and the temperature signal is fed back to The cooling control unit ensures that the cutting edge is at normal temperature or low temperature for most of the time, and there is a small increase in temperature in a short time in contact with the workpiece and turning, and the small temperature rises through air-cooled, actively applied medium. Cooling and the like prevent the heat from accumulating, thus ensuring the rigidity and life of the blade. Wherein, the cooling means is not limited, including medium cooling, such as air cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, etc., and cooling of the cooling liquid, etc., but the application method is not limited, the cooling medium can be sprayed to the cutting edge, and the cutting edge can be cooled. Medium, etc.

Before and after turning and during turning, the heating control unit sends a control signal to the heating assembly, the heating assembly heats the surface of the workpiece to soften the surface of the workpiece material, and at the same time, the temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for obtaining the workpiece and the cutting edge temperature. And feeding the temperature signal to the heating control unit, so that when the cutting edge performs high-speed cutting on the surface material, on the one hand, the overall performance of the workpiece is not greatly affected, and on the other hand, due to the cooling measures for the cutting edge during the turning process, The problem of heat resistance to the blade due to the temperature rise and the service life of the blade are reduced.

The relationship between the temperature control unit and other components is shown in FIG. In order to reduce or eliminate the influence of environmental temperature change on the machining accuracy, the temperature control unit further includes an ambient temperature sensor and a temperature compensation module, the ambient temperature sensor monitors the working environment temperature, and sends the temperature data to the temperature compensation module, and the temperature compensation module compensates according to the temperature. The algorithm calculates the temperature compensation data and transmits it to the spindle rotation control unit and the tool motion control unit for Adjust parameters such as spindle rotation speed and blade movement speed.

As shown in FIG. 11, the cooling system includes a cooling control unit and a cooling assembly, and the cooling control unit controls the blade temperature with the aid of the temperature control unit. The cooling assembly includes a cooling pump, a coolant, a cooling conduit, and the like. According to the blade temperature obtained by the temperature control unit, the cooling control unit controls the operation of the cooling component, for example, controlling the start and stop of the cooling pump, the output speed of the coolant, etc., to constitute a cooling closed loop control.

In this embodiment, the cutter is a chain structure composed of a chain, a transmission device and a plurality of blades, and the blade is mounted on the chain. The specific structure is shown in FIG. 1. The transmission device is composed of a driving wheel 2 and a driven wheel 3. The diameters of the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3 are different. An enlarged view of the chain 4 is shown in Fig. 2. The chain 4 includes a hinge 6 and a link 7, the links 7 are connected by a hinge 6, and the blade 5 is mounted on the link 7.

In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located outside the chain 4, between the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3, and the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3 perform a rotary motion to drive the chain 4 to move, so that the cutting edge 5 is in contact with the workpiece for turning. In a linear motion. That is, during the turning process, the wire cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is composed of the linear velocity of the blade 5 and the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1, so that the surface line cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1; Further, the contact point of the blade 5 with the workpiece 1 is a pulsating contact type.

Example 2:

In the present embodiment, the functional configuration of the high-speed pulsation turning device is the same as that of the first embodiment. The difference is that the tool uses the chain structure shown in Figure 3. That is, the tool comprises a driving wheel 2, two guiding wheels 8 and a chain 4, the blade 5 is mounted on the chain 4, the spacing between the guiding wheels 8 is adjustable, and the spacing between the guiding wheel 8 and the driving wheel 2 can be Tune.

In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located between the two guide wheels 8, the driving wheel 2 rotates, and the guiding wheel 8 rotates accordingly to drive the chain 4 to move, so that the blade on the chain 4 is straight when it is in contact with the workpiece for turning. motion. That is, during the turning process, the wire cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is composed of the linear velocity of the blade 5 and the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1, so that the surface line cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1; Further, the contact point of the blade 5 with the workpiece 1 is a pulsating contact type.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the portion of the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4 showing the mounting relationship of the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4 of Figure 3 . The I-shaped guide wheel end flanges 20 of Fig. 4 limit the range of motion of the hinge 6, and ensure the guiding action of the guide wheels 8.

Example 3:

In the present embodiment, the functional configuration of the high-speed pulsation turning device is the same as that of the first embodiment. The difference is that the tool adopts the chain structure shown in Fig. 5. That is, the tool comprises a driving wheel 2, a driven wheel 3, two guiding wheels 8 and a chain 4, the cutting edge is mounted on the chain 4, and the two guiding wheels 8 are located between the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3, and two guiding wheels The spacing between the 8 is adjustable to adjust the spacing between the chains 4.

In the working state, the workpiece 1 is located on the side of the driven wheel 3, and the driving wheel 2 and the driven wheel 3 perform a rotating motion to drive The chain 4 moves and the guide wheel 8 rotates accordingly, so that the blade on the chain 4 is in motion when it is turned into contact with the workpiece. That is, during the turning process, the wire cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is composed of the linear velocity of the blade 5 and the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1, so that the surface line cutting speed of the blade 5 to the workpiece 1 is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1; Further, the contact point of the blade 5 with the workpiece 1 is a pulsating contact type.

Compared with the structure shown in FIG. 3, the structure of the guide wheel 8 and its mounting with the chain 4 are improved, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the portion of the guide wheel 8 and the chain 4, which shows The structure of the guide wheel 8 and its mounting relationship with the chain 4 are described. Compared with the I-shaped guide wheel in FIG. 4, the flange 20 of the guide wheel of FIG. 6 is composed of a first flange 21 and a second flange 22, the first flange 21 and the second flange. 22 different diameters, overlapping placement; the first flange 21 is used to limit the range of motion of the hinge 6, ensuring the guiding action of the guide wheel 8; the second flange 22 is arranged to provide a passage space for the movement of the blade 5, thus working In the state, it is possible to prevent the guide wheel 8 from obstructing the movement of the chain 4. In addition, the structure is more capable of reducing the processing contact area, meeting the processing requirements of higher directivity in precision machining, and simultaneously providing linear pulsation processing in the portion of the chain 4 between the driven wheel 3 and the guide wheel 8.

Example 4:

In the present embodiment, the functional configuration of the high-speed pulsation turning device is the same as that of the first embodiment. The difference is that the tool adopts the tool of the sleeve shaft structure shown in FIG. 7, including the driving wheel 2, the driven wheel 3, the transmission belt 9 and a plurality of cutting edges, and the cutting edge is located at the periphery of the disk to form the disk cutting edge 11, the disk blade and the driven wheel. 3 coaxial.

In the working state, the driving wheel 2 rotates under the action of the driving motor, and the driven wheel 3 rotates accordingly to drive the disc cutter 11 to rotate. That is, in the process of turning the workpiece 1 in contact with the disk blade 11, the disk blade 11 is in a rotational motion, and the wire cutting speed of the disk blade 11 against the workpiece 1 is determined by the linear velocity of the disk blade 11 and the surface of the workpiece 1. The linear velocity is composed, so that the surface line cutting speed of the disk blade 11 to the workpiece 1 is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1; and the contact point of the contact point on the disk blade 11 with the workpiece 1 is a pulsating contact type.

Example 5:

In the present embodiment, the functional configuration of the high-speed pulsation turning device is the same as that of the first embodiment. The difference is that the tool uses the tool of the sleeve structure shown in Fig. 8. In this configuration, the tool includes a plurality of disc blades 11 coaxially sleeved on the connecting shaft 10, the diameter of which is graded, referred to as a "diameter-graded disc blade." In Fig. 8, the left diagram is a schematic diagram, and the right diagram is a schematic diagram of the modeling. The disc blade 11 is locked by a lock nut 12.

The mounting structure of the tool and the cooling assembly is as shown in FIG. 12, and the tool is driven by the servo drive motor 14. The servo motor 14 is connected to the motion control system through the motor bracket 13, and the motor shaft drives the tool to rotate through the sleeve 15, and the tool guard 17 Mounted in a semi-wrapped state outside the servo motor 14 and the motor bracket 13, the cooling duct 19 is mounted on the tool guard 17 via the cooling tube bracket 18, and passes through the small hole in the tool guard 17 to lead the outlet of the cooling duct 19 to the blade To ensure that the cooling is delivered in place.

In the working state, the connecting shaft 10 is rotated by the driving motor to drive the disc blades 11 to perform a rotational movement. That is, in the process of turning the workpiece 1 in contact with the disk blade 11, the disk blade 11 is in a rotational motion, and the wire cutting speed of the disk blade 11 against the workpiece 1 is determined by the linear velocity of the disk blade 11 and the surface of the workpiece 1. The linear velocity is composed, so that the surface line cutting speed of the disk blade 11 to the workpiece 1 is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece 1; and the contact point of the contact point on the disk blade 11 with the workpiece 1 is a pulsating contact type.

In addition, the tool structure has the following advantages as the tool structure shown in Embodiment 4:

1) The transmission is simplified as a tool drive motor spindle;

The embodiments described above are illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. It is to be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any modifications, additions or the like in the alternatives are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A high-speed pulsating turning method, in which a workpiece is rotated by a spindle, and a cutting edge of the tool is in contact with the workpiece for turning. The feature is: during the turning process, the cutting speed of the cutting edge to the workpiece is determined by the cutting edge speed and the workpiece. The surface linear velocity is composed, the cutting speed of the cutting edge to the workpiece is greater than the surface linear velocity of the workpiece; and the contact point of the cutting edge with the workpiece is a pulsating contact type.
A high-speed pulsating turning machining method according to claim 1, wherein said cutter is composed of a chain, a transmission and a plurality of blades; the blade is mounted on the chain, and in the working state, the chain is driven by the transmission. The movement causes the blade to move in contact with the workpiece for turning.
A high speed pulsating turning method according to claim 2, wherein said transmission means is constituted by at least two rotating wheels.
The high speed pulsating turning machining method according to claim 3, wherein said rotating wheel comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel, and said driving wheel and said driven wheel have different diameters.
A high-speed pulsating turning machining method according to claim 4, wherein said driven wheel is two or more guide wheels, and in the working state, the driving wheel rotates, and the guiding wheel rotates accordingly, between the guiding wheels. The spacing is adjustable, and the spacing between the guide wheel and the drive wheel is adjustable. In the working state, the workpiece is located outside the chain between two adjacent guide wheels.
A high-speed pulsating turning method according to claim 4, wherein said rotating wheel further comprises two guiding wheels, and the guiding wheel is located between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the spacing between the two guiding wheels is In the working state, the workpiece is located on the side of the driven wheel.
A high-speed pulsating turning machining method according to claim 1, wherein said cutter comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a driving belt connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are distributed on the disk. The peripheral edge forms a disc blade, and the disc blade is coaxial with the driven wheel. When the working state is in progress, the driving wheel rotates, and the driven wheel rotates with the driving belt to make the blade move in contact with the workpiece for turning.
A high-speed pulsating turning method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of cutting edges are distributed on the periphery of the disc to form a disc cutting edge; said cutter includes a connecting shaft and is sleeved on the connecting shaft. A plurality of diameter-graded disc blades; in the working state, the disc blade rotates with the connecting shaft to rotate, so that the blade is in contact with the workpiece for movement when being turned.
A high-speed pulsating turning method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the tool is cooled before and after turning and during turning.
A high-speed pulsating turning method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the workpiece material is temperature-controlled before the turning and during the turning, so that the surface of the workpiece material is softened.
A high-speed pulsating turning method according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the workpiece material is subjected to a temperature rising treatment before the turning and during the turning to soften the surface layer of the workpiece material.
The apparatus for realizing the high-speed pulsation turning processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: a spindle, a spindle drive assembly, a spindle rotation control unit, a cutter, a cutter drive assembly, and a cutter motion control unit;

The spindle rotation control unit sends a control signal to the spindle drive assembly, and the spindle drive assembly drives the spindle to rotate. And driving the workpiece to rotate;

The tool motion control unit sends a control signal to the tool drive assembly, which provides power to the tool to drive the blade motion.
The apparatus for implementing a high-speed pulsating turning method according to claim 12, further comprising: a cooling control unit, a cooling assembly, a heating control unit, a heating assembly, and a temperature control unit;

The cooling control unit sends a control signal to the cooling assembly, and the cooling assembly cools the blade;

The heating control unit sends a control signal to the heating assembly, and the heating assembly heats the surface of the workpiece;

The temperature control unit includes a temperature sensor for obtaining the workpiece and the blade temperature and feeding back the temperature signal to the cooling control unit and the heating control unit.
The apparatus for realizing a high-speed pulsating turning method according to claim 12, wherein the temperature control unit further comprises an ambient temperature sensor and a temperature compensation module, wherein the ambient temperature sensor monitors the working environment temperature and delivers the temperature data to the temperature compensation. The module and the temperature compensation module calculate the temperature compensation data according to the temperature compensation algorithm and transmit it to the spindle rotation control unit and the tool motion control unit.