WO2015196965A1 - 一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头及头戴设备 - Google Patents

一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头及头戴设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015196965A1
WO2015196965A1 PCT/CN2015/082072 CN2015082072W WO2015196965A1 WO 2015196965 A1 WO2015196965 A1 WO 2015196965A1 CN 2015082072 W CN2015082072 W CN 2015082072W WO 2015196965 A1 WO2015196965 A1 WO 2015196965A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
wide
double
concave negative
negative lens
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PCT/CN2015/082072
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王元鹏
杨春
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青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司
Priority to EP15812630.0A priority Critical patent/EP3151051B1/en
Priority to JP2016576094A priority patent/JP6279110B2/ja
Priority to CA2953811A priority patent/CA2953811C/en
Priority to KR1020177002530A priority patent/KR101860688B1/ko
Priority to US15/322,341 priority patent/US9952450B2/en
Priority to AU2015281503A priority patent/AU2015281503B2/en
Publication of WO2015196965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015196965A1/zh
Priority to US15/855,380 priority patent/US10747024B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/04—Reversed telephoto objectives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
    • G02C7/068—Special properties achieved by the combination of the front and back surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
    • G02B1/041—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
    • G02B25/001—Eyepieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0087—Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/04—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with continuous faces that are rotationally symmetrical but deviate from a true sphere, e.g. so called "aspheric" lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/10—Electronic devices other than hearing aids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C3/00—Special supporting arrangements for lens assemblies or monocles
    • G02C3/02—Arrangements for supporting by headgear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
    • G02B13/003—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having two lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/009—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras having zoom function
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B2003/0093—Simple or compound lenses characterised by the shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wide-angle lens and a headwear device for a headless device without color difference, which is applied to the field of consumer electronics.
  • the large angle of view can enhance the sense of substitution, thereby improving the entertainment effect, but due to the increase of the angle of view, the curvature of field and the chromatic aberration of magnification will seriously affect the imaging quality of the system.
  • the traditional eyepiece system requires a lot of lenses to correct the aberrations, and the traditional optical glass has a large weight, which will increase the burden on the human body of the wearing device. Therefore, the large field of view of the headgear system eyepiece needs a more novel And simple design.
  • the current fully-fixed head-wearing system cannot meet the demand, because the user may feel blurred when the glasses are not worn due to the presence of myopia or hyperopia. If wearing glasses, it can compensate for the defocusing of the retina caused by myopia or hyperopia, but this is very inconvenient and uncomfortable.
  • the present invention provides a wide-angle lens for a head-free device without color difference, and adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a wide-angle lens for a headless device without color difference comprising a casing, a double convex positive lens and a double concave negative lens, wherein the double convex positive lens and the double concave negative lens are arranged side by side in the outer casing, and the double concave negative lens is close to the object side;
  • the double convex positive lens includes a first surface having a convex object side and a second surface having a flat surface at a center and a convex image at a central position;
  • the double concave negative lens including a third surface and an edge of the concave object side
  • the fourth surface is a flat surface and the central position is concave toward the image side;
  • the lens surfaces of the double convex positive lens and the double concave negative lens are aspherical surfaces.
  • the double concave negative lens is movable along the axis of the housing to adjust its distance from the double convex positive lens.
  • the biconvex positive lens has a refractive index ranging from 1.45 to 1.70 and a dispersion ranging from 50 to 75.
  • the biconcave negative lens has a refractive index ranging from 1.45 to 1.75 and a dispersion ranging from 25 to 40.
  • the third surface is an aspheric surface having an infinite radius of curvature.
  • the double convex positive lens is fixed in the lens, and the movement of the double concave negative lens of the double concave negative lens makes the lens satisfy the crowd from 500 degrees of myopia to 500 degrees of far vision.
  • Z is the coordinate along the optical axis direction
  • Y is the radial coordinate in units of lens length units
  • c is the curvature
  • k is the conic coefficient
  • ⁇ i is the coefficient of each higher order term
  • 2i is the higher power of the aspheric surface.
  • N is a natural number.
  • a head-wearing device that uses a wide-angle lens for a headgear-free device as described above.
  • the design of the invention adds a negative lens to the positive lens, and the negative lens has three functions, the first is the color difference of the compensation system, the second is to correct the Pizwan field music, and the third is to realize the system adjustable focus. Correct myopia hyperopia. By reasonably introducing aspherical collocations to distribute the power, it is possible to compensate for the defocusing of the retina caused by myopia or hyperopia. A zoom mode is employed in the preferred scheme to compensate for the defocus. This allows the near-sighted or far-sighted people to use the headset in the naked eye, adapting to different people from 500 degrees of myopia to 500 degrees of farsightedness.
  • the focal length is adjusted according to the degree of myopia of the nearsightedness to achieve clear imaging without changing the conjugate distance between the human eye and the screen.
  • the use of plastic lenses and the introduction of aspheric surfaces make the system lighter.
  • the design of the present invention corrects for chromatic aberration of magnification while achieving good image quality.
  • Figure 1 is a lens structure and an optical path diagram using a single lens without chromatic aberration correction
  • FIG. 2 is a lens structure and an optical path diagram of the lens of the present invention when it is suitable for normal vision;
  • 3 to 8 are schematic structural views of the system at different focal lengths
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing an MTF (optical transfer function) of the 20-pair pair of Figure 2;
  • FIGS. 10 to FIG. 15 are diagrams showing a MTF (optical transfer function) of a 20-pair pair corresponding to the lens structure shown in FIGS. 3-8;
  • Figure 16 is a field curvature distortion diagram and distortion curve of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a point diagram of the lens of the present invention when it is suitable for normal vision
  • Figure 18 is a dot-column diagram of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 24 19 to FIG. 24 are point-to-point diagrams corresponding to the lens structures shown in FIGS. 3-8;
  • Figure 25 is a magnification chromatic aberration diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a magnification chromatic aberration diagram of Figure 1;
  • Figure 27 is a view showing the positional relationship between the positive lens and the negative lens of the present invention at different focal lengths
  • the design of the invention adds a negative lens to the positive lens, and the negative lens has three functions, the first is the color difference of the compensation system, the second is to correct the Pizwan field music, and the third is to realize the system adjustable focus. Correct myopia hyperopia.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram and an optical path diagram of a single-lens lens structure.
  • the dot-column diagram and the magnification chromatic aberration diagram are as shown in FIGS. 18 and 26, and the correction is performed using a negative lens.
  • the graph and the magnification chromatic aberration diagram are shown in Figs. 17 and 25.
  • the dot-column diagram shows the diffuse spots formed by the convergence of the optical fields of the optical system at the image plane, so it characterizes the various phase-difference characteristics of the system.
  • Each gradation in the figure represents light of three bands. Therefore, the more open the diffuse plaques of the three gradations proves that the chromatic aberration of the system is larger, but the chromatic aberration has been well corrected from FIG.
  • Fig. 18 is a dot-column diagram of the system in which the chromatic aberration of magnification is not corrected, and the above dispersion phenomenon is remarkable.
  • Figure 17 is much smaller than Figure 18 from the RMS radius.
  • the RMS radius of Figure 17 is 18.428 microns and the Figure 18 is 156.531 microns, demonstrating various aberrations after the introduction of negative lenses and aspheric surfaces. Corrected, the image quality has been greatly improved.
  • the oblique curve represents a curve in which the chromatic aberration of magnification changes as the field of view increases, and the color difference value represented by Fig. 25 (the present system) is much smaller than the color difference value of Fig. 26 (uncorrected chromatic aberration).
  • the magnification color difference is at most just greater than 20 microns and Figure 26 is already greater than 300 microns.
  • the chromatic aberration correction formula can be used to solve the power, wherein the chromatic aberration The correction formula is:
  • c is the color difference coefficient and v is the dispersion coefficient of the system.
  • v1 and v2 represent the dispersion coefficients of the lenses. with Represents the power of each lens.
  • the left side is the field curvature curve
  • the right side is the distortion curve
  • the T line is the meridional field curvature
  • the S line is the sagittal field curvature.
  • the difference between the two is the astigmatism of the system.
  • the field curvature and astigmatism are important aberrations that affect the external field of view of the system.
  • the assembly seriously affects the quality of the system's off-axis light. From the picture, the field curvature and astigmatism of the system are corrected to a very small range.
  • the distortion does not affect the clarity of the system, but it will cause the image of the system to be deformed, and the distortion can be solved by the post-image processing.
  • the system designed by the present application belongs to a large field of view achromatic eyepiece, and is mainly applied to fields such as head-mounted display devices.
  • the use of plastic lenses and the introduction of aspheric surfaces make the system lighter.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the invention is applicable to a wide-angle lens for a headless device without color difference, comprising a casing, a double convex positive lens and a double concave negative lens, wherein the double convex positive lens and the double concave negative lens are arranged side by side in the outer casing;
  • the double convex positive lens comprises a first surface having a convex object side and a second surface at the edge which is planar and whose central position is convex toward the image side;
  • the double concave negative lens includes a third surface of the concave object side and a flat surface at the edge and the central position is concave
  • the fourth surface of the image side, and the third surface is an aspheric surface having an infinite radius of curvature.
  • the lens system of the present invention adopts an extremely simple structure of only two positive and negative lenses, a positive lens close to the human eye and a negative lens near the screen.
  • the positive lens is a lenticular lens and the negative lens is a biconcave lens.
  • the two lenses are aspherical on all four sides, each of which is easy to machine and has low weight and cost, making it suitable for mass production.
  • the double concave negative lens can be moved along the axis of the housing to adjust its distance from the double convex positive lens.
  • This system uses a zoom method to compensate for the defocus. This allows the near-sighted or far-sighted people to use the headset in the naked eye.
  • the focal length is adjusted according to the myopia degree of myopia to achieve clear imaging without changing the conjugate distance between the human eye and the screen.
  • the working principle is as follows: the image surface of the system is the screen of the wearing device, and the screen forms a huge virtual image 2.5 meters away from the human eye through the eyepiece system, and then received by the human eye.
  • the focal length is changed by moving the negative lens to change the spacing between the negative lens and the positive and negative lenses.
  • the negative lens changes the distance between the positive lens and the positive lens to simulate different focal lengths, resulting in an effect suitable for different visual acuity.
  • the first row of data in the table represents the focal length change of the ideal lens used to simulate myopia hyperopia
  • the second row of data represents the distance of the positive and negative lenses at different focal lengths
  • the third row of data represents the distance from the second face of the lens to the image plane.
  • the second side is the side of the positive lens that is closest to the human eye.
  • the system adopts the reverse tracking optical path design in design.
  • the image plane position is the luminous screen
  • the object surface position is the virtual image generated by the system.
  • the wide-angle eyepiece comprises a double convex positive lens, a double concave negative lens, and a luminescent screen.
  • the pupil position is a human eye pupil.
  • the system changes the focal length by moving the negative lens and determines the reasonable motion path of the two lenses according to the calculation.
  • the ideal face shape is added to the pupil to simulate changes in the human eye caused by myopia and hyperopia.
  • the ideal power range is from -0.005 to 0.005.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural view of the lens when it is suitable for normal vision.
  • the distance between the two lenses shown in the figure is the distance at which the power is adjusted to zero. The distance at this time is suitable for normal vision.
  • the user uses, and Figures 2 to 8 show that the two lenses are adjusted to different distances to reach a person suitable for 500 degrees myopia and 500 degrees hyperopia.
  • the optical design of the present application ensures that the system can be clearly imaged at all focal lengths.
  • the MTF transfer function graph optical transfer function
  • the various gray levels in the graph represent the light of each field of view.
  • the virtual and real values of the curve represent the image quality of the sagittal and meridional directions respectively. From the figure, whether the power is 0 or not.
  • the curves in the figure are relatively smooth and compact, and the MTF values represented by the curves are very high, indicating that the aberrations of the system are well corrected, reflecting that the imaging quality of the system can be obtained at each focal length. Guarantee.
  • the biconvex positive lens has a refractive index ranging from 1.45 to 1.70 and a dispersion ranging from 50 to 75.
  • the biconcave negative lens has a refractive index ranging from 1.45 to 1.75 and a dispersion ranging from 25 to 40.
  • the solution of the present application can design the total length of the lens as no change or change.
  • adaptive adjustment can be made according to the use requirements, which is convenient for design and use.
  • the double convex positive lens is made of E48R plastic material, and the double concave negative lens is made of POLYCARB plastic material.
  • E48R plastic material Due to the large dispersion value of the double convex positive lens, it is suitable for E48R plastic material.
  • E48R plastic has a refractive index of 1.530 and a transmittance of 92%, which is suitable as a lens material with large color value.
  • the double concave negative lens has a small dispersion value and is suitable for use with POLYCARB plastic.
  • POLYCARB plastic material has large refraction and small weight, which is beneficial to reduce the overall product weight, and its high strength enables the lens finished product to have better impact resistance. It is placed close to the image of the human eye, when the lens is impacted. It can reduce the possibility of lens breakage hurting the human eye.
  • E48R plastic material and POLYCARB plastic material is beneficial to the chromatic aberration correction of the lens, so that the color difference of the finished lens is small and the color reproduction is real.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the lens surfaces of the double convex positive lens and the double concave negative lens are both aspherical.
  • the surface shapes of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface follow a formula:
  • Z is the coordinate along the optical axis direction
  • Y is the radial coordinate in units of lens length units
  • c is the curvature
  • k is the conic coefficient
  • ⁇ i is the coefficient of each higher order term
  • 2i is the higher power of the aspheric surface.
  • N is a natural number.
  • the third surface is formed into a shape similar to a plane to adjust the optical path to meet design requirements.
  • the biconvex positive lens has a refractive index of 1.45 and a dispersion of 50.
  • the double concave negative lens has a refractive index of 1.45 and a dispersion of 25.
  • the focal length of the lens is adjusted to be suitable for a person who is 500 degrees far vision.
  • the wide-angle in-focus lens of the achromatic head-wearing device of the present embodiment does not limit the specific optical design software and design process.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the double convex positive lens has a refractive index of 1.70 and a dispersion of 75.
  • the double concave negative lens has a refractive index of 1.75 and a dispersion of 40.
  • the focal length of the lens is adjusted to be used by a person suitable for 500 degrees myopia.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the focal length of the lens is adjusted to be used by a person suitable for normal vision.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，包括外壳、双凸正透镜（1）和双凹负透镜（2）。双凸正透镜（1）与双凹负透镜（2）在外壳内并排设置，且双凹负透镜（2）靠近物方。双凸正透镜（1）包括有凸向物方的第一表面（3）和边缘处为平面且中央位置凸向像方的第二表面（4）。双凹负透镜（2）包括凹向物方的第三表面（5）和边缘处为平面且中央位置凹向像方的第四表面（6）。双凹负透镜（2）可沿外壳轴线移动调整其与双凸正透镜（1）之间的距离，并采用变焦方式来补偿离焦。这种头戴设备适合近视500度到远视500度的人群裸眼使用。使用时，使用者可以根据自身近视远视度数来调整焦距实现清晰成像，同时又不会改变人眼和屏幕之间的共轭距。

Description

一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头及头戴设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头及头戴设备，应用于消费电子领域。
发明背景
对于头戴显示设备来说，大的视场角可以增强代入感，从而提高娱乐效果，但是由于视场角的增大，带来的场曲和倍率色差会严重的影响到系统的成像质量，传统的目镜系统则需要很多片镜片来矫正像差，而且传统的光学玻璃的重量很大，会增加头戴设备对人体的负担，所以这种大视场的头戴系统目镜需要一种更加新颖和简洁的设计。
另外，对于近视或远视人群来说，目前的全固定的头戴系统是无法满足需求的，因为由于近视或远视的存在在不佩戴眼镜的情况下，使用者会感觉到画面模糊。如果佩戴眼镜固然可以补偿由近视或远视引起相对于视网膜离焦，但是这样会很不方便也不舒适。
发明内容
为解决现有的头戴设备用广角镜头重量大，不适合近视或者远视的用户使用的问题，本发明提出一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，并采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，包括外壳、双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜，双凸正透镜与双凹负透镜在外壳内并排设置，且所述双凹负透镜靠近物方；所述双凸正透镜包括有凸向物方的第一表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凸向像方的第二表面；所述双凹负透镜包括凹向物方的第三表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凹向像方的第四表面；所述双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜的透镜表面均为非球面。
进一步的，所述双凹负透镜可沿外壳轴线移动调整其与双凸正透镜之间的距离。
进一步的，所述双凸正透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.70，色散的范围为50-75。
进一步的，所述双凹负透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.75，色散的范围为25-40。
进一步的，所述双凸正透镜选用E48R塑料材质，其n1＝1.531160，v1＝56.04。
进一步的，所述双凹负透镜选用POLYCARB塑料材质，其n1＝1.5585470，v1＝29.91。
进一步的，所述第三表面为曲率半径无穷大的非球面。
进一步的，所述双凸正透镜在镜头内固定不动，双凹负透镜的移动双凹负透镜的移动使镜头满足从近视500度到远视500度的人群。
进一步的，所述第一表面、第二表面、第三表面和第四表面的表面形状遵循公式：
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000001
其中Z是沿光轴方向的坐标，Y为以透镜长度单位为单位的径向坐标，c是曲率，k为圆锥系数，αi是各高次项的系数，2i是非球面的高次方，N为自然数。
一种头戴设备，使用上述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头。
本发明的设计在正透镜的基础上增加了一片负透镜，负透镜的作用有三个，第一是补偿系统的色差、第二是校正匹兹万场曲、第三是实现了系统可调焦校正近视远视。通过合理的引入非球面的搭配用以分配光焦度，可以补偿由近视或远视引起相对于视网膜离焦。优选方案中采用了变焦方式来补偿离焦。这样能让近视或远视人群裸眼使用头戴设备，适应从近视500度到远视500度的不同人群。使用时，根据自身近视远视度数来调整焦距实现清晰成像，同时又不会改变人眼和屏幕之间的共轭距。采用塑料镜片，以及引入非球面来让系统更加轻量化。本发明的设计校正了倍率色差，同时达到了良好的成像质量。
附图简要说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为使用单片镜片未经过色差校正的镜片结构以及光路图；
图2为本发明的镜头在适合正常视力时的镜片结构以及光路图；
图3-图8为不同焦距下本系统的结构示意图；
图9为图2的20线对下的MTF(光学传递函数)图；
图10-图15为与图3-图8所示的镜片结构一一对应的20线对下的MTF(光学传递函数)图；
图16为本发明的场曲畸变图和畸变曲线图；
图17为本发明的镜头在适合正常视力时的点列图；
图18为图1的点列图；
图19-图24为与图3-图8所示的镜片结构一一对应的点列图；
图25为本发明的倍率色差图；
图26为图1的倍率色差图；
图27为本发明的正透镜和负透镜在不同焦距下的位置关系图；
如上各图中：1、双凸正透镜；2、双凹负透镜；3、第一表面；4、第二表面；5、第三表面；6、第四表面。
具体实施方式
本发明的设计在正透镜的基础上增加了一片负透镜，负透镜的作用有三个，第一是补偿系统的色差、第二是校正匹兹万场曲、第三是实现了系统可调焦校正近视远视。
在本申请的技术方案中，如果不校正倍率色差的话，虚像就会出现明显的蓝边。而不校正场曲的话则会严重的影响成像的清晰度。图1为单片镜片结构的结构图和光路图，在图1所示的结构时，其点列图和倍率色差图如图18和图26所示，而使用负透镜进行校正后其点列图和倍率色差图如图17和图25所示。
点列图显示的是光学系统的各个视场光线在像面处汇聚而形成的弥散斑，所以它表征了系统得到各种相差特性，点列图的RMS半径越小证明系统的成像质量越好。图中各灰度分别代表三种波段的光线。故而三种灰度的弥散斑分的越开证明系统的色差越大，但从图17上来看色差已得到良好的校正。图18是未校正倍率色差的系统的点列图，上面色散现象明显。从RMS半径来看图17比图18要小得多，以最大视场为例图17的RMS半径为18.428微米而图18的为156.531微米，证明在引入负透镜以及非球面之后各种像差得到了校正，系统像质得到了极大的提高。
而在倍率色差图中，倾斜的曲线代表倍率色差随着视场增大而变化的曲线，图25(本系统)所表征的色差值远小于图26(未校正色差)的色差值。图25中倍率色差值最大刚好大于20微米而图26已然大于300微米。
由上述可知，同时校正倍率色差和场曲两种像差，需要正负透镜组合的结构，同时让二者远离，但是假如二者距离过远则会增大后一片负透镜的口径，太近则校正场曲的效果不明显。所以要按照公式来分配光焦度。
由于光阑前置，不存在倍率色差正负补偿的问题，所以各个视场间的倍率色差可以考虑成各视场主光线的位置色差，所以可以采用色差校正公式来求解光焦度，其中色差校正公式为：
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000002
其中，c为色差系数，v是系统的色散系数，
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000003
为系统的光焦度，v1和v2代表各镜片的色散系数，
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000004
和
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000005
代表了各镜片的光焦度。
在图16所示的曲线中，左侧的是场曲曲线，右侧的是畸变曲线。
场曲曲线中T线为子午场曲，S线为弧矢场曲，二者作差就是系统的象散，场曲和象散是影响系统轴外视场光线的重要像差，二者过大会严重的影响到系统轴外光线的成质量，从图上来看系统的场曲和象散均被校正到极小范围以内。
畸变曲线中，畸变不会影响到系统的清晰度，但是会引起系统的图像变形，畸变可由后期图像处理来解决。
本申请设计的系统属于大视场角消色差目镜，主要应用于头戴显示设备等领域。采用塑料镜片，以及引入非球面来让系统更加轻量化。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明予以详细描述。
实施例一：
本发明用于一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，包括外壳、双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜，双凸正透镜与双凹负透镜在外壳内并排设置；所述双凸正透镜包括有凸向物方的第一表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凸向像方的第二表面；所述双凹负透镜包括凹向物方的第三表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凹向像方的第四表面，且第三表面为曲率半径无穷大的非球面。
本发明的镜头系统采用极为简单的结构只有正负两片透镜，靠近人眼的是正透镜，靠近屏幕的为负透镜。正透镜是双凸透镜，负透镜是双凹透镜。两片镜片四个面均为非球面，各个面都易于加工成型，同时重量和成本都很低，适用于大批量生产。
双凹负透镜可沿外壳轴线移动调整其与双凸正透镜之间的距离。
本系统采用变焦方式来补偿离焦。这样能让近视或远视人群裸眼使用头戴设备，使用时，根据自身近视远视度数来调整焦距实现清晰成像，同时又不会改变人眼和屏幕之间的共轭距。
工作原理如下：系统的像面是头戴设备的屏，屏通过目镜系统形成一个距离人眼2.5米的巨大的虚像，再由人眼接收。通过移动负透镜变化负透镜与正负透镜之间的间距来改变焦距。
如图27所示，负透镜通过移动改变与正透镜之间的距离，模拟不同的焦距，产生适合不同视力人群的效果。表中第一行数据表示用来模拟近视远视的理想透镜的焦距变化、第二行数据表示在不同焦距下正、负透镜的距离、第三行数据表示透镜第二面到像面的距离，第二面就是正透镜离人眼最近的一面。
本系统在设计时采用倒追光路设计，图1中像面位置是发光屏幕，物面位置是系统所产生的虚像。该广角目镜，其包括双凸正透镜，双凹负透镜，和发光屏幕组成，图2中光阑位置是人眼瞳孔。
系统通过移动负透镜来改变焦距，并根据计算来确定两透镜的合理运动路线。设计变焦系统时在光阑处加入理想面型模拟近视和远视对人眼产生的变化，理想面型的光焦度范围从-0.005到0.005。代表500度远视到500度近视对人眼产生的变化。如图2至图8所示，图2为镜头在适合正常视力时的结构图，图中所示的两片镜片的距离为光焦度调整为零的距离，此时的距离适合正常视力的用户使用，而图2至图8为两片镜片通过调整不同的距离达到适合500度近视和500度远视的人群使用。
本申请的光学设计时保证了所有焦距状态下系统均能清晰成像。如图9至图15的MTF(Modulation Transfer Function)曲线图所示，MTF传递函数曲线图(光学传递函数)可以综合反映系统的成像质量，其曲线形状越平滑，且相对X轴高度越高，证明系统的成像质量越好，图中各种灰度分别代表各个视场光线，曲线的虚实分别代表弧矢和子午方向的像质，从图上来看，不论是光焦度为0的情况下还是在其与不同焦距下，图中的曲线均较为平滑紧凑，曲线所表征的MTF值很高，说明系统的像差得到了良好的校正，反映出系统在各个焦距下的成像质量均能得到保证。
在图19至图24所示的点列图中，各焦距下的弥散斑分布紧凑，色差已得 到良好的校正。从RMS(Root Mean Square均方根)半径来看半径控制的非常小，证明在各焦距支架各种像差的到了校正，系统像质得到保证。
双凸正透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.70，色散的范围为50-75。
双凹负透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.75，色散的范围为25-40。
在镜片调整的过程中，本申请的方案可以将镜头的总长度设计为不变化或者是变化两种情况，在实际生产中可以根据使用要求进行适应性的调整，方便设计使用。
双凸正透镜选用E48R塑料材质，双凹负透镜选用POLYCARB塑料材质。
由于双凸正透镜的色散数值较大，适合选用E48R塑料材质，E48R塑料的折射率为1.530、透射率为92％，适合作为大色值的镜片材料。双凹负透镜的色散数值较小，适合选用POLYCARB塑料材质。POLYCARB塑料材质的折射大重量小有利于降低整体的产品重量，并且其强度高，能够使镜头成品有更好的抗冲击性，将其放置于靠近人眼的像方，在镜头受到冲击时，能够降低镜片破碎伤害人眼的可能性。
E48R塑料材质与POLYCARB塑料材质结合有利于镜头进行色差校正，使镜头成品的色差较小，色彩还原真实。
实施例二：
在此实施例中：
所述双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜的透镜表面均为非球面。
第一表面、第二表面、第三表面和第四表面的表面形状遵循公式：
Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-000006
其中Z是沿光轴方向的坐标，Y为以透镜长度单位为单位的径向坐标，c是曲率，k为圆锥系数，αi是各高次项的系数，2i是非球面的高次方，N为自然数。在此实施例中将第三表面做成近似于平面的形状进行光路的调整，以达到设计要求。
本实施例中双凸正透镜的折射率为1.45，色散为50。
本实施例中双凹负透镜的折射率为1.45，色散为25。
本实施例中将镜头的焦距调整至适合500度远视的人群使用。
本实施例的无色差的头戴设备用广角内调焦镜头不对具体的光学设计软件和设计过程进行限定。
实施例三：
在此实施例中：
双凸正透镜的折射率为1.70，色散为75。
双凹负透镜的折射率为1.75，色散为40。
本实施例中将镜头的焦距调整至适合500度近视的人群使用。
实施例四：
在此实施例中：
双凸正透镜选用E48R塑料材质，其最佳取值为n1＝1.531160，v1＝56.04。
双凹负透镜选用POLYCARB塑料材质，其最佳取值为n1＝1.5585470，v1＝29.91。
本实施例中将镜头的焦距调整至适合正常视力的人群使用。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：包括外壳、双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜，双凸正透镜与双凹负透镜在外壳内并排设置，且所述双凹负透镜靠近物方；所述双凸正透镜包括有凸向物方的第一表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凸向像方的第二表面；所述双凹负透镜包括凹向物方的第三表面和边缘处为平面且中央位置凹向像方的第四表面；所述双凸正透镜和双凹负透镜的透镜表面均为非球面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凹负透镜可沿外壳轴线移动调整其与双凸正透镜之间的距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凸正透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.70，色散的范围为50-75。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凹负透镜的折射率的范围为1.45-1.75，色散的范围为25-40。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凸正透镜选用E48R塑料材质，其n1＝1.531160，v1＝56.04。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凹负透镜选用POLYCARB塑料材质，其n1＝1.5585470，v1＝29.91。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述第三表面为曲率半径无穷大的非球面。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述双凸正透镜在镜头内固定不动，双凹负透镜的移动使镜头满足从近视500度到远视500度的人群。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：所述第一表面、第二表面、第三表面和第四表面的表面形状遵循公式：
    Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-100001
    其中Z是沿光轴方向的坐标，Y为以透镜长度单位为单位的径向坐标，c是曲率，k为圆锥系数，αi是各高次项的系数，2i是非球面的高次方，N为自然数。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头，其特征在于：采用如下色差校正公式求解系统的光焦度：
    Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-100002
    其中，c为色差系数，v是系统的色散系数，
    Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-100003
    为系统的光焦度，v1和v2代表各镜片的色散系数，
    Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-100004
    和
    Figure PCTCN2015082072-appb-100005
    代表了各镜片的光焦度。
  11. 一种头戴设备，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-10任一所述的无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头。
PCT/CN2015/082072 2014-06-28 2015-06-23 一种无色差的头戴设备用广角镜头及头戴设备 WO2015196965A1 (zh)

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