WO2015196904A1 - 三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法及其打印装置 - Google Patents

三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法及其打印装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015196904A1
WO2015196904A1 PCT/CN2015/080641 CN2015080641W WO2015196904A1 WO 2015196904 A1 WO2015196904 A1 WO 2015196904A1 CN 2015080641 W CN2015080641 W CN 2015080641W WO 2015196904 A1 WO2015196904 A1 WO 2015196904A1
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Prior art keywords
color
imaging
head
model data
layered model
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PCT/CN2015/080641
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何永刚
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珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
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Publication of WO2015196904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015196904A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of printing, and in particular to a three-dimensional printer, a printing method for a three-dimensional printer, and a printing device for a three-dimensional printer.
  • the present application is based on a Chinese patent application filed on Jun. 26, 2014, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • 3D printer also known as 3D printer, is a machine that uses rapid prototyping technology. Based on digital model files, it uses molding materials to construct three-dimensional entities through cumulative molding. Before printing, it is necessary to use computer modeling software to model, and then "partition" the built 3D model into a layer-by-layer section, that is, slice layering, thereby controlling the layer-by-layer printing of the 3D printer.
  • the commonly used layering methods can be divided into three types.
  • the first one is the equal layer high layering method, which is commonly used in most 3D printers; the second is for STL.
  • the adaptive layering method of the model which is based on information such as the normal vector of the patch in the STL model; the third is directed to CAD
  • the solid model is adaptively layered and adaptively layered with an accurate 3D model, which also enables accurate imaging of solid models. For example, Wang Weichen and others published in Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2010. Period article "based on 3D A self-adaptive layering method for the Z-direction characteristic curve of CAD model surface is proposed. A fast adaptive layering algorithm based on multiple interest features on the model surface is proposed.
  • the algorithm uses the Z-direction characteristic curve to extract the interest features of the CAD model surface and pass the characteristic curve.
  • the direct mapping relationship between geometric features and layer thickness quickly determines the adaptive layer thickness at the layering point, and there is no redundant calculation in the whole layer thickness calculation process.
  • the existing commonly used stratification error calculation standards are as follows: The first one is the apex height criterion, and the layer thickness is calculated according to the topological information of the model and the maximum apex height allowed. This criterion is generally used, but when the model method The vector will fail when it is close to the vertical direction; the second is the area difference ratio criterion. It is judged whether the layer height is appropriate according to the area difference of the adjacent two layers. When the area difference is large, the layer height is reduced. Otherwise, the layer height is reduced. Increasing the stratification height has a great advantage in dealing with simple models. The user can choose to perform three-dimensional solid imaging using one of the above three methods for the shape and size of different models.
  • the silk material is generally mixed in the print head and then ejected from the print head to form a colored three-dimensional solid model.
  • the color mixing makes the print head more complicated than other monochrome print heads, so the color 3D printer is expensive and costly to print.
  • the print head cannot mix more colors, the color of the three-dimensional solid model is also complicated, which also causes low color reproduction degree and low image resolution, which brings inconvenience to the user.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer printing method for manufacturing a color three-dimensional solid model with a low imaging cost and an easy imaging process.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer printing apparatus that produces a color three-dimensional solid model with a low imaging cost and an easy imaging process.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer for manufacturing a color three-dimensional solid model with low imaging cost and simple structure.
  • a printing method of a three-dimensional printer includes activating a three-dimensional printer; inputting a model file having target entity model data to a memory, wherein the three-dimensional printer includes a print head for solid imaging and The inkjet head of the color image, the printing method further comprises: the processor performs slice layering according to the target entity model data, and processes the plurality of layered model data; the print head performs solid imaging according to each layered model data; The ink head performs color imaging on the layered model based on the layered model data of the same layer.
  • a further solution is, after the processor processes the plurality of layered model data, the printing method further comprises: the processor dividing the color area and the monochrome area according to each layered model data; the print head according to each layered model data
  • the step of performing solid imaging includes the steps of solid imaging of the print head according to the color area and the step of solid imaging of the print head according to the monochrome area; the step of performing color imaging on the layered model by the inkjet head based on the layered model data of the same layer A step of color imaging based on a color area by an inkjet head.
  • a further solution is that the sequential steps of the physical imaging step of the printhead and the color imaging step of the inkjet head are: the printhead performs solid imaging based on the layered model data; and the inkjet head performs color imaging according to the color region.
  • a further solution is that the sequential steps of the physical imaging step of the print head and the color imaging step of the inkjet head are: the print head performs solid imaging according to the color area; the inkjet head performs color imaging according to the color area; and the print head is based on the monochrome area Perform solid imaging.
  • a further solution is that the sequential steps of the physical imaging step of the print head and the color imaging step of the inkjet head are: the print head performs solid imaging according to the monochrome area; the print head performs solid imaging according to the color area; and the inkjet head is based on the colored area Perform color imaging.
  • a further solution is that the colored regions are distributed at the inner and/or outer edges of the layered model.
  • the present invention provides a printing apparatus for a three-dimensional printer, the printing apparatus comprising a starting unit for starting a three-dimensional printer, and a storage unit for storing a model having target entity model data a document, wherein the three-dimensional printer comprises a print head for solid imaging and an inkjet head for color imaging, the printing device further comprising a processing unit, a solid imaging unit and a color imaging unit, the processing unit for slicing according to the target solid model data Layering and processing to obtain a plurality of hierarchical model data; the solid imaging unit is used to drive the print head to perform solid imaging according to each layered model data; and the color imaging unit is used to drive the inkjet head according to layered model data of the same layer Color imaging is performed on a layered model.
  • the processing unit comprises a color area dividing module and a monochrome area dividing module, wherein the color area dividing module is configured to divide the color area according to each layered model data, and the monochrome area dividing module is configured to perform each layer according to each layer
  • the model data divides the monochrome area; the solid imaging unit performs solid imaging according to the color area; the solid imaging unit performs solid imaging according to the monochrome area; and the color imaging unit performs color imaging according to the color area.
  • the carriage assembly includes a first carriage and a second carriage
  • the drive head assembly includes a first drive head and a second drive head
  • the first drive head is mounted on the first carriage
  • the second drive head Mounted on the second carriage
  • the print head is mounted on the first drive head
  • the ink jet head is mounted on the second drive head.
  • the printing method of the three-dimensional printer by providing a print head for solid imaging and an inkjet head for color imaging on a three-dimensional printer, and after performing solid imaging of a layered model by the print head,
  • the ink head performs color imaging on the layered model, because the ink ejected from the inkjet head can be fused with the three-dimensional molding material, so that the layered model can be a color layered model with a color pattern as a whole, and then
  • the printhead continues to physically image the next layered model on the color layered model, while the inkjet head continues to color image on the next layered model, and so on, ultimately printing the entire target solid model A colored target entity model.
  • the outer surface of the three-dimensional solid model may be color-printed, and the color region and the monochrome region are divided by the layered model, and then the inkjet head is used for color.
  • Color imaging can be performed on the area. Since the color area is set outside the layered model and the monochrome area is set inside the outer side of the layered model, it is possible to further save printing without affecting the color printing effect. cost.
  • different imaging sequences can be used. For example, after the print head can image all the entities of the single layer layered model, the inkjet head performs color imaging again, due to the print head and inkjet. The heads do not interfere with each other during the imaging process, and this imaging sequence is advantageous for increasing the imaging speed.
  • the ink jet head ejects ink to the image forming silk material in the molten state, which facilitates the ink to be better fused with the image forming material, so that the color is more uniform, and further, printing While the head is physically imaging the color area, the inkjet head can also work simultaneously, that is, color imaging the silk material that has just been extruded from the print head, which is more uniform in color fusion and also improves the imaging speed. .
  • the print head can also physically image the monochrome area according to the shape and size of different target solid models, which is beneficial to improve the flexibility and applicability of the printing method.
  • setting the color area on the inner or outer edge of the layered model helps to save printing costs and does not affect color printing.
  • the three-dimensional printer of the present invention is provided with a print head for solid imaging and an inkjet head for color imaging, and driving the print head by the solid imaging unit, the color imaging unit drives the inkjet after completing the solid imaging of a layered model.
  • the head performs color imaging on the layered model. Since the ink ejected from the inkjet head can be combined with the three-dimensional molding material, the layered model can be a color layered model with a color pattern as a whole. The color three-dimensional model is imaged after stacking the color layered models.
  • dividing the color area and the monochrome area by the color area division module and the monochrome area division module is advantageous for saving printing cost, and the color appearance of the outer surface of the three-dimensional solid model does not affect the appearance effect.
  • the print head and the ink jet head can be disposed on the same driving head or separately, and when separately arranged, since the print head and the ink jet head can work simultaneously, it is advantageous to increase the imaging speed.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of a print head and an ink jet head in the embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart showing a first embodiment of the printing method of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a target entity model in the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printer printing method of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the imaging steps in the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printer printing method of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing the imaging steps in the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printer printing method of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the imaging steps in the third embodiment of the three-dimensional printer printing method of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a system block diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional printer printing apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a three-dimensional printer 1
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a print head 2 and an inkjet head 3.
  • the three-dimensional printer 1 includes a print cartridge mount 17, in which a print cartridge 18 is mounted, a consumable 191 in which the print cartridge 18 is housed, and the consumable 191 is a solid filament consumable.
  • the three-dimensional printer 1 further includes a bottom plate 11, four screws 12, a molding seat 13, a moving frame 14, a carriage 15 and a carriage 16, on which the molding seat 13 is mounted, and the bottom plate 11 is provided with four screws 12, and the moving frame 14 is mounted on the four screws 12, the moving frame 14 is movable up and down along the screw 12, the carriage 15 and the carriage 16 are mounted on the moving frame 14, and the carriage 15 and the carriage 16 are movable back and forth in a plane defined by the moving frame 14. .
  • a driving head 21 is mounted on the carriage 15, and the driving head 21 is movable to the left and right along the carriage 15.
  • the driving head 21 is mounted with a printing head 2, and the printing head 2 includes a feeding end 24 at the upper end of the printing head 2, and is located at the printing
  • the discharge end 23 at the lower end of the head 2 and the body 22 between the feed end 24 and the discharge end 23.
  • the consumable 191 is fed through the feed end 24 into a consumable cavity enclosed by the body 22.
  • a discharge opening is formed for discharging the consumables in the consumable chamber, and then the solid three-dimensional solid 19 is imaged on the molding seat 13.
  • a driving head 31 is mounted on the carriage 16, and the driving head 31 is movable to the left and right along the carriage 16.
  • the driving head 31 is mounted with an inkjet head 3, and the inkjet head 3 is provided with a plurality of ink cartridges in the inkjet head 3.
  • the lower end is provided with an ink outlet (not shown) in which ink for color imaging is mounted, and the consumable 191 is input through the feed end 24 into the consumable cavity surrounded by the main body 22.
  • a discharge port is formed at the lowermost end of the discharge end 23, and the discharge port is used for ejecting the mixed ink onto the consumables of the three-dimensional entity 19, and is fused with the consumables by the ink, thereby implementing color imaging of the three-dimensional solid model 19. .
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a printing method of a three-dimensional printer.
  • step S1 is first executed to start the three-dimensional printer 1.
  • step S2 is executed to input a model file having the data of the three-dimensional solid model 19 to the memory of the three-dimensional printer 1, and then step S3 is performed, and the processor of the three-dimensional printer performs slice layering according to the three-dimensional solid model 19 as shown in FIG.
  • the model 19 is a cone, and a through hole is formed along the axis Z of the three-dimensional solid model 19. After the slice is layered along the axis Z by the processor, the process is performed to obtain N layers having different diameters.
  • the model data one of which is a layered model as shown in Figure 5, is a layered model 192.
  • the processor draws each layered model out of the color area and the monochrome area, and illustrates the layered model 192 of FIG. 5, and the processor sets the outermost edge portion of the layered model 192 to In the color area 193, the processor sets the innermost edge portion of the layered model 192 as a color area 195, and the color area 193 and the color area 195 are both annularly distributed, and the processor sets the area between the color area 193 and the color area 195.
  • step S5 is subsequently performed, and the print head 2 and the inkjet head 3 perform color solid image formation according to the color area and the monochrome area.
  • FIG. 6 is the print head 2 and A flow chart of the imaging step of the inkjet head 3.
  • step S51 is first executed, and the print head 2 first performs solid imaging according to the silk material in the molten state according to the monochrome area 194.
  • step S52 is executed.
  • the solid image is ejected by ejecting the filament in the molten state according to the color area 193 and the color area 195, and then, in step S53, the ink jet head 3 ejects the ink on the layered pattern 192 based on the color area 193 and the color area 195.
  • the material of the silk material is generally ABS plastic
  • the molten material in the molten state can be compatible with the ejected ink, thereby realizing color imaging of the layered model.
  • the material such as silk is polyvinyl chloride. (PVA)
  • the ink can be made of water-based ink, because the water-based ink is compatible with PVA, and color imaging of the layered model can also be realized.
  • the ink jet head 3 in the above embodiment operates after the print head 2 completes the solid image of the color area 193 and the color area 195, and the ink jet head 3 can also work simultaneously with the print head 2, that is, spray.
  • the ink head 3 follows the movement trajectory of the print head 2, and the ink jet head 3 performs color imaging on the silk material which has just been extruded by the print head 2, which is advantageous for more uniform color fusion and also improves the imaging speed.
  • step S6 the processor performs step S6 to accumulate the number of imaging times M, and then performs a determining step S7, that is, whether the number of imaging times M is equal to the number of layered models. N, if M is less than N, it means that the solid model 19 has not completed imaging, and will return to step S5 to continue color entity imaging of the layered model of the next layer.
  • step S8 is performed, waiting for the solid model 19 to cool and solidify, and then taking out from the three-dimensional printer, and then completing the color imaging of the three-dimensional solid model. .
  • each layered layered model is color imaged, color three-dimensional solid imaging is realized after stacking each layered model with color.
  • the above layered model 192 is only a layered model in the de-solid model 19, but the actual layered model can set all of its regions as color regions, or all regions can be set to monochrome. The area, and the proportion of the color area and the monochrome area can also be adjusted according to the actual needs of the user.
  • the imaging step S5 of the print head 2 and the inkjet head 3 can also adopt the sequence of steps as shown in FIG. 7, specifically, when step S5 is performed, firstly, In step S54, the print head 2 performs solid imaging based on the color region 193 and the color region 195 ejecting the molten material in the molten state, and then, in step S55, the ink jet head 3 is on the layered model 192 according to the color region 193 and the color region 195.
  • step S56 is performed, and the print head 2 first performs solid image formation by ejecting the molten material in the molten state according to the monochrome area 194.
  • the inkjet head 3 can also work simultaneously with the printhead 2, that is, the inkjet head 3 follows the movement trajectory of the printhead 2, and the inkjet head 3 performs color imaging of the yarn which has just been extruded by the printhead 2.
  • the steps in the imaging step S5 are sequentially adjusted, and while the color imaging is also realized, the user can adjust the order of the actual imaging according to different physical models, which is beneficial to improving the quality of the three-dimensional model.
  • the imaging step S5 of the print head 2 and the inkjet head 3 can also adopt the sequence of steps as shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, when step S5 is executed, the first execution is performed. In step S57, the print head 2 performs solid imaging on the layered model 192 according to the layered solid model data of the single layer. After the layered model 192 completes imaging, step S58 is performed, and the inkjet head 3 is based on the color area 193 and the color area 195. The ink is ejected on the layered model 192, and the color three-dimensional solid molding can also be realized by using the method. The print head 2 and the ink-jet head 3 of the method are operated at different time intervals, and they do not interfere with each other. So the printing method is relatively simple.
  • Figure 9 is a system block diagram of a printing apparatus of a three-dimensional printer.
  • the printing apparatus includes an activation unit 91, a storage unit 92, a processing unit 93, a color imaging unit 95, and a solid imaging unit 94, wherein the processing unit 93 includes a color area division module 96 and a monochrome area division module 97.
  • the three-dimensional printer includes a print head 2 for solid imaging and an inkjet head 3 for color imaging.
  • the startup unit 91 is for starting a three-dimensional printer. After the three-dimensional printer is started, the storage unit 92 can receive the externally input model file, and the storage unit 92 stores the model file having the data of the solid model 19 (see FIG. 4).
  • the processing unit 19 performs slice layering along the axis Z according to the solid model 19, and processes a plurality of layered model data.
  • the color area dividing module 96 divides the color area according to each layered model data, and the monochrome area dividing module 97 uses The monochrome area is divided according to each hierarchical model data. Specifically, referring to FIG.
  • the layered model 192 is one of a plurality of layered models, which are illustrated by the layered model 192, and the color area dividing module 96
  • the outermost edge portion of the layered model 192 is disposed as a color region 193, and the single color region dividing module 96 sets the innermost edge portion of the layered model 192 as a color region 195, and the color region 193 and the color region 195 are annular.
  • the distribution, monochrome area dividing module 97 sets the area between the color area 193 and the color area 195 as a monochrome area 194.
  • the solid imaging unit 94 drives the print head 2 to perform solid imaging based on the color regions 193, 195 and the monochrome region 194, and the color image forming unit 95 drives the inkjet head 3 to perform color imaging in accordance with the color regions 193, 195. After the solid imaging unit 94 and the color imaging unit 95 complete the color solid imaging of a layered model, the imaging is continued according to the layered model data of the next layer.
  • the imaging of the color three-dimensional entity can be realized by the above-described three-dimensional printer, the printing method of the three-dimensional printer, and the printing apparatus.
  • the inkjet head performs color imaging on the layered model due to the spray
  • the ink ejected from the ink head can be fused with the three-dimensional molding material so that the layered model can be a color layered model having a color pattern as a whole, and then the print head continues to the next layer on the color layered model.
  • the model performs solid imaging, while the inkjet head continues to color image on the next layered model, and so on, eventually printing the entire target solid model into a colored target solid model. It can be seen that color imaging on the layered model is beneficial to simplify the structure of the print head, and then simplify the structure of the three-dimensional printer, and also has the advantages of lower imaging cost, high color reproduction precision, high pattern resolution and simple imaging method. .
  • the above embodiments are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention may also be in the following manners, such as in the printing method embodiment of the three-dimensional printer, the memory and the processor may also be disposed away from the three-dimensional On the computer of the printer, the data is processed by a separate computer and the print head and the ink jet head of the three-dimensional printer are driven by the data line, and the object of the present invention can also be achieved.
  • the storage unit, the processing unit, the color imaging unit, and the solid imaging unit may be disposed on a computer remote from the three-dimensional printer, and the object of the present invention can be achieved by the same principle, so the present invention
  • the storage device and the processing device can be disposed on the three-dimensional printer or on a computer remote from the three-dimensional printer, and the objects of the present invention can be achieved in different storage locations, which are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the inkjet head in the above embodiment is color-imaged by ink, however, the inkjet head may also be color-imaged by ejecting different toners because the toner can be combined with the filament in a molten state.
  • the purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by performing the fusion.
  • the inkjet head adopts an external ink supply method, that is, the inkjet head is connected to the external ink supply device through the conduit, and the inkjet head can also be inkjetted, that is, the object of the present invention can also be achieved. It should also be within the scope of the invention.
  • the present invention is provided by a print head for solid imaging and an ink jet head for color imaging on a three-dimensional printer, and after performing solid imaging of a layered model by the print head, the ink jet head is in the layer
  • the color image is formed on the model, because the ink ejected from the inkjet head can be combined with the three-dimensional molding material, so that the layered model can be a color layered model with a color pattern as a whole, and the plurality of color layered model stacks
  • the imaging of the color three-dimensional model is completed after the stack.

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Abstract

本发明设计打印领域，尤其是提供一种三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法及其打印装置，打印方法包括启动三维打印机；向存储器输入具有目标实体模型数据的模型文件，三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，该打印方法还包括：处理器根据目标实体模型数据进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据；打印头根据每一个分层模型数据进行实体成像；喷墨头根据同一层的分层模型数据在分层模型上进行色彩成像。本发明还提供应用上述方法的打印装置和三维打印机。

Description

三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法及其打印装置 技术领域
本发明涉及打印领域，尤其涉及一种三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法以及三维打印机的打印装置。本申请是基于申请日为2014年6月26日，申请号为CN201410294525.0的中国发明专利申请，该申请的内容引入本文作为参考。
 背景技术
3D打印机又称三维打印机，是一种利用快速成型技术的机器，以数字模型文件为基础，采用成型材料，通过累积成型的方式来构造三维的实体。在打印前，需要利用计算机建模软件建模，再将建成的三维模型“分区”成逐层的截面，即切片分层，从而控制3D打印机逐层打印。
目前常用分层方法可以分为三种，第一种是等层高分层方法，这种方法在大多数的三维打印机上普遍使用着;第二种是针对STL 模型的自适应分层方法，这种方法是根据STL 模型中面片的法向量等信息进行分层;第三种是直接针对CAD 实体模型进行自适应分层，用精确地三维模型来进行自适应分层，这样也能够精确地对实体模型进行成像。例如王卫辰等发表在《机械科学与技术》2010年第29 卷第5 期的文章《基于3D CAD模型表面Z向特征曲线的自适应分层方法》提出一种基于模型表面多处兴趣特征的快速自适应分层算法，该算法利用Z向特征曲线提取CAD模型表面的兴趣特征，通过特征曲线几何特征到层厚的直接映射关系快速确定分层点处的适应性层厚，整个层厚计算过程不存在冗余计算。
现有的常用的分层误差计算标准有以下几种:第一种是尖顶高度准则，根据模型的拓扑信息以及所允许的最大尖顶高度计算得到层厚，这种准则普遍使用，但是当模型法向量接近竖直方向时就会失效;第二种是面积差比率准则，根据相邻两层轮廓的面积差来判断分层高度是否合适，当面积差很大时就减小分层高度，否则增大分层高度，这种方法在处理简单的模型具有较大的优势。用户可以针对不同模型的形状和尺寸来选择采用上述三种方法中的一种进行三维实体成像。
而对三维实体模型进行彩色成像时，一般是在打印头中对丝料进行颜色混合后，在从打印头中喷出，从而形成彩色的三维实体模型，然而，由于需要在打印头中进行不同颜色的混色，造成了该打印头相比于其他单色的打印头更为复杂，所以这种彩色三维打印机的造价高，打印成本也比较高。同时，由于该打印头无法对较多的色彩进行混合，造成了三维实体模型的颜色也较为复杂，也造成了色彩还原度低、图像分辨率低，这样给用户带来不便。
 技术问题
本发明的第一目的是提供一种成像成本较低且成像过程简易的制造彩色三维实体模型的三维打印机打印方法。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种成像成本较低且成像过程简易的制造彩色三维实体模型的三维打印机打印装置。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种低成像成本且结构简单的制造彩色三维实体模型的三维打印机。
 技术解决方案
为了实现本发明的第一目的，本发明提供的三维打印机的打印方法包括启动三维打印机；向存储器输入具有目标实体模型数据的模型文件，其中，三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，该打印方法还包括：处理器根据目标实体模型数据进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据；打印头根据每一个分层模型数据进行实体成像；喷墨头根据同一层的分层模型数据在分层模型上进行色彩成像。
更进一步的方案是，在处理器处理得出多个分层模型数据后，打印方法还包括处理器根据每一个分层模型数据划分彩色区域和单色区域；打印头根据每一个分层模型数据进行实体成像的步骤包括打印头根据彩色区域进行实体成像的步骤和打印头根据单色区域进行实体成像的步骤；喷墨头根据同一层的分层模型数据在分层模型上进行色彩成像的步骤包括喷墨头根据彩色区域进行色彩成像的步骤。
更进一步的方案是，打印头的实体成像步骤和喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：打印头根据分层模型数据进行实体成像；喷墨头根据彩色区域进行色彩成像。
更进一步的方案是，打印头的实体成像步骤和喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：打印头根据彩色区域进行实体成像；喷墨头根据彩色区域进行色彩成像；打印头根据单色区域进行实体成像。
更进一步的方案是，打印头的实体成像步骤和喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：打印头根据单色区域进行实体成像；打印头根据彩色区域进行实体成像；喷墨头根据彩色区域进行色彩成像。
更进一步的方案是，彩色区域分布在位于分层模型的内侧边缘和/或外侧边缘。
为了实现本发明的第二目的，本发明提供一种三维打印机的打印装置，该打印装置包括启动单元和存储单元，启动单元用于启动三维打印机，存储单元用于存储具有目标实体模型数据的模型文件，其中，三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，打印装置还包括处理单元、实体成像单元和色彩成像单元，处理单元用于根据目标实体模型数据进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据；实体成像单元用于驱动打印头根据每一个分层模型数据进行实体成像；色彩成像单元用于驱动喷墨头根据同一层的分层模型数据在分层模型上进行色彩成像。
更进一步的方案是，处理单元包括彩色区域划分模块和单色区域划分模块，彩色区域划分模块用于根据每一个分层模型数据划分出彩色区域，单色区域划分模块用于根据每一个分层模型数据划分出单色区域；实体成像单元根据彩色区域进行实体成像；实体成像单元根据单色区域进行实体成像；色彩成像单元根据彩色区域进行色彩成像。
为了实现本发明的第三目的，本发明提供的三维打印机包括打印盒、打印盒安装架、移动框架和驱动头组件，打印盒内容纳有耗材，打印盒安装架用于安装打印盒，移动框架上安装有滑架组件，驱动头组件安装在滑架组件上，其中，三维打印机还包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，打印头和喷墨头安装在驱动头组件。
更进一步的方案是，滑架组件包括第一滑架和第二滑架，驱动头组件包括第一驱动头和第二驱动头，第一驱动头安装在第一滑架上，第二驱动头安装在第二滑架上，打印头安装在第一驱动头上，喷墨头安装在第二驱动头上。
 有益效果
根据本发明提供的三维打印机的打印方法，通过在三维打印机上设置有用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，并通过打印头在完成一个分层模型的实体成像后，喷墨头就在该分层模型上进行色彩成像，由于喷墨头喷出的墨水可与三维成型材料相溶合，使得可在该层分层模型为整体具有彩色图样的彩色分层模型，随后打印头在该彩色分层模型上继续对下一个分层模型进行实体成像，而喷墨头则继续在该下一个的分层模型上进行色彩成像，以此类推，最终将整个目标实体模型打印成彩色的目标实体模型。可见，通过在分层模型上进行色彩成像，有利于简化打印头结构，继而简化三维打印机的结构，通过具有成像成本较低、成像过程简易等特点的打印方法即可实现对彩色三维模型的成像。
并且，对三维实体模型进行彩色打印时，为了节约打印成本，只要对三维实体模型的外表面进行彩色打印即可，而通过分层模型划分彩色区域和单色区域，再利用喷墨头针对彩色区域进行色彩成像即可，由于彩色区域设置在分层模型的外侧，而单色区域设置在分层模型的外侧的内侧，所以可实现在不影响彩色打印效果的前提下，更进一步地节约打印成本。
此外，根据不同目标实体模型的形状和尺寸，可以采用不同的成像顺序，如打印头可对单层的分层模型全部实体成像完毕后，喷墨头再进行色彩成像，由于打印头和喷墨头在成像过程中不互相干扰，此成像顺序有利于提高成像速度。
另外，打印头在对彩色区域进行实体成像后，喷墨头对还在熔融状态的成像丝料喷出墨水，有利于墨水更好地与成像丝料融合，使得颜色更加均匀，再者，打印头在对彩色区域进行实体成像的同时，喷墨头也可同时进行工作，即对打印头刚挤出成型的丝料进行色彩成像，在有利于颜色融合的更加均匀同时，也提高了成像速度。
并且，打印头也可根据不同的目标实体模型的形状和尺寸，也可先对单色区域进行实体成像，此有利于提高打印方法的灵活性和适用性。此外，将彩色区域设置在位于分层模型的内侧边缘或外侧边缘，有利于节省打印成本，也不会对彩色打印效果造成影响。
由于本发明的三维打印机上设置有用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，并通过实体成像单元驱动打印头在完成一个分层模型的实体成像后，色彩成像单元驱动喷墨头就在该分层模型上进行色彩成像，由于喷墨头喷出的墨水可与三维成型材料相溶合，使得可在该层分层模型为整体具有彩色图样的彩色分层模型，在多个彩色分层模型叠堆后便完成彩色三维模型的成像。这样，通过在分层模型上进行色彩成像，有利于简化打印头结构，继而简化三维打印机的结构，通过具有成像成本较低、成像过程简易等特点的打印装置即可实现对彩色三维模型的成像。
并且，通过彩色区域划分模块和单色区域划分模块对彩色区域和单色区域进行划分，有利于节约打印成本，只要对三维实体模型的外表面进行彩色打印即可不影响其外观效果。
此外，打印头和喷墨头既可设置在同一驱动头上，也可分开设置，分开设置时，由于打印头和喷墨头可同时进行工作，有利于提高成像速度。
 附图说明
图1是本发明三维打印机实施例的结构图。
图2是本发明三维打印机实施例中的打印头和喷墨头的结构图。
图3是本发明三维打印机打印方法第一实施例的流程图。
图4是本发明三维打印机打印方法第一实施例中的目标实体模型结构图。
图5是图4中A-A处的剖视图。
图6是本发明三维打印机打印方法第一实施例中的成像步骤的流程图。
图7是本发明三维打印机打印方法第二实施例中的成像步骤的流程图。
图8是本发明三维打印机打印方法第三实施例中的成像步骤的流程图。
图9是本发明三维打印机打印装置实施例的系统框图。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
 本发明的实施方式
三维打印机实施例：
参照图1和图2，图1是三维打印机1的结构图，图2是打印头2和喷墨头3的结构图。三维打印机1包括打印盒安装架17，打印盒安装架17内安装有打印盒18，打印盒18在其内容纳的耗材191，该耗材191为固态丝状耗材。
三维打印机1还包括底板11、四根螺杆12、成型座13、移动框架14、滑架15和滑架16，底板11上安装有成型座13，底板11上有设置四根螺杆12，移动框架14安装在四根螺杆12上，移动框架14可沿螺杆12上下移动，滑架15和滑架16安装移动框架14上，滑架15和滑架16可在移动框架14确定的平面内前后移动。
在滑架15上安装有驱动头21，驱动头21可沿着滑架15左右移动，驱动头21上安装有打印头2，打印头2包括位于打印头2上端的进料端24、位于打印头2下端的出料端23以及位于进料端24和出料端23之间的主体22。耗材191通过进料端24输入到由主体22围成的耗材腔体内。在出料端23的最下端形成有一出料口，出料口用于将耗材腔体内的耗材喷出，继而在成型座13上对三维实体19进行实体成像。
在滑架16上安装有驱动头31，驱动头31可沿着滑架16左右移动，驱动头31上安装有喷墨头3，喷墨头3内设置有多个墨盒并在喷墨头3的下端设置有出墨口(未标示)，墨盒内安装有用于色彩成像的墨水，耗材191通过进料端24输入到由主体22围成的耗材腔体内。在出料端23的最下端形成有一出料口，出料口用于将混合后的墨水喷出到三维实体19的耗材上，通过墨水并与耗材融合，继而实现三维实体模型19的色彩成像。
三维打印机的打印方法第一实施例：
参照图3，图3是三维打印机的打印方法流程图。对三维实体模型19进行彩色实体成像时，首先执行步骤S1，启动三维打印机1。然后执行步骤S2，向三维打印机1的存储器输入具有三维实体模型19数据的模型文件，随后执行步骤S3，三维打印机的处理器根据如图4所示的三维实体模型19进行切片分层，三维实体模型19为一圆锥体，并沿三维实体模型19的轴线Z开设有通孔，通过处理器经过对三维实体模型19沿轴线Z进行切片分层后，处理得出N个具有不同直径的分层模型的数据，其中一个分层模型如图5所示的分层模型192。随后执行步骤S4，处理器将每一个分层模型划出出彩色区域和单色区域，以图5的分层模型192进行举例说明，处理器将分层模型192最靠外侧的边缘部分设置为彩色区域193，处理器将分层模型192最靠内侧的边缘部分设置为彩色区域195，彩色区域193和彩色区域195均呈环状分布，处理器将彩色区域193和彩色区域195之间的区域设置为单色区域194。
对彩色区域和单色区域完成划分后，随后执行步骤S5，打印头2和喷墨头3根据彩色区域和单色区域进行彩色实体成像，具体地，参照图6，图6是打印头2和喷墨头3成像步骤的流程图。执行步骤S5时，首先执行步骤S51，打印头2首先根据单色区域194喷出熔融状态下的丝料进行实体成像，待打印头2完成单色区域194的实体成像后执行步骤S52，打印头2根据彩色区域193和彩色区域195喷出熔融状态下的丝料进行实体成像，随后，执行步骤S53，喷墨头3根据彩色区域193和彩色区域195在分层模型192上进行喷出墨水。由于丝料的材料一般为ABS塑料，熔融状态下的丝料可与喷出的墨水相溶，从而实现将分层模型进行色彩成像。当然，如丝料的材料为聚氯乙烯 (PVA), 则墨水可采用水性墨水，因为水性墨水与PVA进行相溶，亦可实现对分层模型进行色彩成像。
另外，上述的实施例中的喷墨头3是在打印头2完成彩色区域193和彩色区域195的实体成像后再进行工作的，而喷墨头3亦可以与打印头2同时工作，即喷墨头3跟随打印头2的运动轨迹，喷墨头3对打印头2刚挤出成型的丝料进行色彩成像，其有利于颜色融合的更加均匀同时，也提高了成像速度。
打印头2和喷墨头3完成一层的分层模型彩色实体成像后，处理器执行步骤S6，将成像次数M累加一，随后执行判断步骤S7，即判断成像次数M是否等于分层模型数量N，如果M小于N，则表示实体模型19未完成成像，将返回步骤S5继续对下一分层的分层模型进行彩色实体成像。直至实体模型19完成全部的彩色实体成像，即成像次数M等于分层模型数量N，随后执行步骤S8，等待实体模型19冷却固化后，从三维打印机中取出,继而完成对三维实体模型的彩色成像。
由上可见，由于每一分层的分层模型的边缘部分均进行了色彩成像，所以将每一带色彩的分层模型叠堆后，实现了彩色三维实体成像。当然上述分层模型192只是去实体模型19中的一层分层模型进行举例说明，而实际上的分层模型既可以对其全部区域设置为彩色区域，亦可对其全部区域设置为单色区域，而彩色区域和单色区域的占比还可以是根据用户的实际需求进行调整。
三维打印机的打印方法第二实施例：
在上述三维打印机的打印方法第一实施例的基础上，其打印头2和喷墨头3的成像步骤S5还可以采用如图7所述的步骤顺序，具体地，执行步骤S5时，首先执行步骤S54，打印头2根据彩色区域193和彩色区域195喷出熔融状态下的丝料进行实体成像，随后，执行步骤S55，喷墨头3根据彩色区域193和彩色区域195在分层模型192上进行喷出墨水，待打印头2和喷墨头3完成对彩色区域的成像后，执行步骤S56，打印头2首先根据单色区域194喷出熔融状态下的丝料进行实体成像。当然，喷墨头3同样亦可与打印头2同时工作，即喷墨头3跟随打印头2的运动轨迹，喷墨头3对打印头2刚挤出成型的丝料进行色彩成像。对成像步骤S5中的步骤进行顺序调整，在同样可实现彩色成像的同时，也有利于用户可根据不同实体模型来调整实际成像的先后顺序，有利于提高三维模型的品质。
三维打印机的打印方法第三实施例：
在上述三维打印机的打印方法第一实施例的基础上，其打印头2和喷墨头3的成像步骤S5还可以采用如图8所述的步骤顺序，具体地，执行步骤S5时，首先执行步骤S57，打印头2根据单层的分层实体模型数据进行对分层模型192实体成像，待分层模型192完成成像后，再执行步骤S58，喷墨头3根据彩色区域193和彩色区域195在分层模型192上进行喷出墨水，使用该方法同样可实现彩色三维实体成型，该方法的打印头2和喷墨头3是分开不同时段进行工作的，其相互之间不会相互干扰，所以该打印方法较为简单。
三维打印机的打印装置实施例：
参照图9，图9是三维打印机的打印装置的系统框图。该打印装置包括启动单元91、存储单元92、处理单元93、色彩成像单元95和实体成像单元94，其中，处理单元93包括彩色区域划分模块96和单色区域划分模块97。三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头2和用于色彩成像的喷墨头3。启动单元91用于启动三维打印机，三维打印机启动后，存储单元92可接收外部输入的模型文件，而存储单元92则存储有具有实体模型19(见图4)数据的模型文件。
处理单元19根据实体模型19沿轴线Z进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据，彩色区域划分模块96根据每一个分层模型数据划分出彩色区域，单色区域划分模块97用于根据每一个分层模型数据划分出单色区域，具体地，参照图5，分层模型192是多个分层模型的其中一个，以分层模型192进行举例说明，彩色区域划分模块96将分层模型192最靠外侧的边缘部分设置为彩色区域193，单彩色区域划分模块96将分层模型192最靠内侧的边缘部分设置为彩色区域195，彩色区域193和彩色区域195均呈环状分布，单色区域划分模块97将彩色区域193和彩色区域195之间的区域设置为单色区域194。
实体成像单元94根据彩色区域193、195和单色区域194驱动打印头2进行实体成像，色彩成像单元95根据彩色区域193、195驱动喷墨头3进行色彩成像。实体成像单元94和色彩成像单元95完成一层分层模型的彩色实体成像后，则根据下一层的分层模型数据继续成像。
由上述方案可见，通过上述的三维打印机、三维打印机的打印方法、打印装置均可实现彩色三维实体的成像。通过设置有用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，并通过打印头在完成一个分层模型的实体成像后，喷墨头就在该分层模型上进行色彩成像，由于喷墨头喷出的墨水可与三维成型材料相溶合，使得可在该层分层模型为整体具有彩色图样的彩色分层模型，随后打印头在该彩色分层模型上继续对下一个分层模型进行实体成像，而喷墨头则继续在该下一个的分层模型上进行色彩成像，以此类推，最终将整个目标实体模型打印成彩色的目标实体模型。可见，通过在分层模型上进行色彩成像，有利于简化打印头结构，继而简化三维打印机的结构，也使得其具有成像成本较低，色彩还原精度高，图样分辨率高、成像方法简单等特点。
然而，上述实施例均为本发明较佳的实施例，本发明的实施方式还可以为如下几种方式，如在三维打印机的打印方法实施例中，其存储器和处理器还可以设置在远离三维打印机的计算机上，通过单独的计算机对数据进行处理并通过数据线驱动三维打印机的打印头和喷墨头，同样是可以实现本发明的目的。
又例如在三维打印机的打印装置实施例中，存储单元、处理单元、色彩成像单元和实体成像单元均可设置在远离三维打印机的计算机上，利用相同原理即可实现本发明的目的，所以本发明存储器件以及处理器件即可设置在三维打印机上，也可设置在远离三维打印机的计算机上，在不同的存放位置下均可以实现本发明的目的，其应该均在本发明的保护范围之内。
又例如上述实施例中的喷墨头是通过墨水进行色彩成像的，然而，喷墨头还可以是通过喷出不同色粉进行色彩成像的，是由于色粉可与在熔融状态下的丝料进行溶合，同样可实现本发明的目的。以及喷墨头采用的是外置供墨的方式，即喷墨头通过导管与外部供墨装置进行连接，亦可实现喷墨头的喷墨，即亦可实现本发明的目的，上述这些改变也应该在本发明的保护范围内。
 工业实用性
由于本发明是通过在三维打印机上设置有用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，并通过打印头在完成一个分层模型的实体成像后，喷墨头就在该分层模型上进行色彩成像，由于喷墨头喷出的墨水可与三维成型材料相溶合，使得可在该层分层模型为整体具有彩色图样的彩色分层模型，在多个彩色分层模型叠堆后便完成彩色三维模型的成像。通过在分层模型上进行色彩成像，有利于简化打印头结构，继而简化三维打印机的结构，也有利于降低彩色三维成像的成本。

Claims (10)

  1. 三维打印机的打印方法，包括
    启动所述三维打印机后，向存储器输入具有目标实体模型数据的模型文件；
    其特征在于：
    所述三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头；
    所述打印方法还包括
    处理器根据所述目标实体模型数据进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据；
    所述打印头根据每一个所述分层模型数据进行实体成像；
    所述喷墨头根据同一层的所述分层模型数据在所述分层模型上进行色彩成像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的打印方法，其特征在于：
    在所述处理器处理得出多个所述分层模型数据后，所述打印方法还包括所述处理器根据每一个所述分层模型数据划分彩色区域和单色区域；
    所述打印头根据每一个所述分层模型数据进行实体成像的步骤包括所述打印头根据所述彩色区域进行实体成像的步骤和所述打印头根据所述单色区域进行实体成像的步骤；
    所述喷墨头根据同一层的所述分层模型数据在所述分层模型上进行色彩成像的步骤包括所述喷墨头根据所述彩色区域进行色彩成像的步骤。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的打印方法，其特征在于：
    所述打印头的实体成像步骤和所述喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：
    所述打印头先根据所述分层模型数据进行实体成像后，所述喷墨头根据再所述彩色区域进行色彩成像。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的打印方法，其特征在于：
    所述打印头的实体成像步骤和所述喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：
    所述打印头先根据所述彩色区域进行实体成像后，所述喷墨头再根据所述彩色区域进行色彩成像，所述打印头最后根据所述单色区域进行实体成像。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的打印方法，其特征在于：
    所述打印头的实体成像步骤和所述喷墨头的色彩成像步骤的先后顺序为：
    所述打印头先根据所述单色区域进行实体成像，所述打印头再根据所述彩色区域进行实体成像，所述喷墨头最后根据所述彩色区域进行色彩成像。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的打印方法，其特征在于：
    所述彩色区域分布在位于所述分层模型的内侧边缘和/或外侧边缘。
  7. 三维打印机的打印装置，包括
    启动单元，所述启动单元用于启动所述三维打印机；
    存储单元，所述存储单元用于存储具有目标实体模型数据的模型文件；
    其特征在于：
    所述三维打印机包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头；
    所述打印装置还包括
    处理单元，所述处理单元用于根据所述目标实体模型数据进行切片分层，并处理得出多个分层模型数据；
    实体成像单元，所述实体成像单元用于驱动所述打印头根据每一个所述分层模型数据进行实体成像；
    色彩成像单元，所述色彩成像单元用于驱动所述喷墨头根据同一层的所述分层模型数据在所述分层模型上进行色彩成像。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的打印装置，其特征在于：
    所述处理单元包括彩色区域划分模块和单色区域划分模块，所述彩色区域划分模块用于根据每一个所述分层模型数据划分出彩色区域，所述单色区域划分模块用于根据每一个所述分层模型数据划分出单色区域；
    所述实体成像单元根据所述彩色区域进行实体成像；
    所述实体成像单元根据所述单色区域进行实体成像；
    所述色彩成像单元根据所述彩色区域进行色彩成像。
  9. 三维打印机，包括
    打印盒，所述打印盒内容纳有耗材；
    打印盒安装架，用于安装所述打印盒；
    移动框架，所述移动框架上安装有滑架组件；
    驱动头组件，所述驱动头组件安装在所述滑架组件上；
    其特征在于：
    所述三维打印机还包括用于实体成像的打印头和用于色彩成像的喷墨头，所述打印头和所述喷墨头安装在所述驱动头组件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的三维打印机，其特征在于：
    所述滑架组件包括第一滑架和第二滑架，所述驱动头组件包括第一驱动头和第二驱动头，所述第一驱动头安装在所述第一滑架上，所述第二驱动头安装在所述第二滑架上；
    所述打印头安装在所述第一驱动头上，所述喷墨头安装在所述第二驱动头上。
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US11409261B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2022-08-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Predicting distributions of values of layers for three-dimensional printing
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