WO2015192676A1 - 抗菌涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
抗菌涂料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015192676A1 WO2015192676A1 PCT/CN2015/075724 CN2015075724W WO2015192676A1 WO 2015192676 A1 WO2015192676 A1 WO 2015192676A1 CN 2015075724 W CN2015075724 W CN 2015075724W WO 2015192676 A1 WO2015192676 A1 WO 2015192676A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- kaolin
- antibacterial
- antibacterial agent
- nano silver
- zinc oxide
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coating, in particular to an antibacterial coating and a preparation method thereof.
- Nanosilver is not stable enough in coatings, is prone to agglomeration, and is not uniformly dispersed.
- the addition of nano-titanium dioxide may produce strong oxidizing groups, destroy the coating resin, and reduce the life of the coating.
- the present invention provides an antibacterial coating.
- the present invention also provides a method of preparing the antibacterial coating.
- An antibacterial coating comprising a nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent, a zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent, wherein the nanosilver/ The weight ratio between the kaolin antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent is 0-1.
- the nano silver / The kaolin antibacterial agent contains kaolin and nano silver, part of the nano silver is embedded between the kaolin crystal layers, and the edge of the kaolin crystal is also loaded with nano silver.
- the content of the nanosilver is 0.01 to 10 mol/kg.
- the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent contains kaolin, zinc oxide, and the zinc oxide is supported on kaolin.
- the antibacterial coating further comprises a paint, the nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent and zinc oxide /
- the total weight of the kaolin antibacterial agent is 0.1%-5% of the solid content of the paint.
- a method for preparing an antibacterial coating comprising the steps of: preparing a zinc oxide / kaolin antibacterial agent; preparing nano silver / Kaolin antibacterial agent; the nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent are mixed and added to the paint, and the antibacterial paint is obtained by stirring uniformly.
- the preparation of the nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent comprises the steps of: mixing kaolin with a dimethyl sulfoxide solution to obtain kaolin / dimethyl sulfoxide complex; the kaolin / dimethyl sulfoxide complex and surfactant are 200:1-2:1
- the mass ratio is mixed and stirred, and a silver ammonia solution is added to obtain a silver ammonia mixture solution; the silver ammonia solution molecule in the silver ammonia mixture liquid is reduced to nano silver by a photocatalytic reduction method to obtain a carrier nano silver antibacterial material, and the carrier is prepared.
- the content of nano silver in the nano silver antibacterial material is 0.01-10 mol/kg.
- the photocatalytic reduction method is specifically carried out by placing a silver ammonia mixture at 250-420 nm. Between the UV light and photocatalysis for 6-72 h, a nanosilver/kaolin intercalation compound was obtained.
- the present invention has the following advantages:
- the present invention utilizes kaolin itself as a principle of good compatibility with coating materials (paints, cosolvents, curing agents, etc.), and uses kaolin as a carrier to prepare nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent, zinc oxide /
- the kaolin antibacterial agent greatly improves the compatibility of the two antibacterial agents with the coating material.
- the photocatalytic reduction method or hydrothermal reduction method is used to reduce the silver ions embedded in the kaolin layer and the edge of the kaolin crystal to nano silver, which greatly improves the conversion rate of silver ions into nano silver, thereby improving the conversion rate.
- the concentration of nano-silver in the carrier nano-silver antibacterial material is the nano-silver in the direct hydrothermal method without reducing agent) 9-20 times) with antibacterial effect.
- reducing the amount of nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent in the antibacterial coating can still make the antibacterial coating have good antibacterial properties.
- the nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent is dark or even black, the zinc oxide / The addition of kaolin antibacterial agent can make the adjustable color of the antibacterial coating more colorful, and does not affect the antibacterial property of the antibacterial coating.
- Nano Silver / Kaolin Antibacterial, Zinc Oxide / The addition of kaolin antibacterial agents has no negative impact on other properties of antibacterial coatings (eg, service life, crack resistance, etc.).
- 1 shows an XRD diffraction pattern of a nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, 1 For the kaolin XRD diffraction pattern, 2 is the XRD diffraction pattern of the nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent.
- the invention provides an antibacterial coating comprising a nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent, a zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent, wherein the nano silver/ The weight ratio between the kaolin antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent is 0-1.
- the antimicrobial coating further comprises a paint, a curing agent and a water/diluent.
- the total weight of the nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent is 0.1%-5% of the solid content of the paint.
- the nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent is a nanosilver/kaolin intercalation composite.
- the nanosilver/kaolin antibacterial agent contains kaolin, nanosilver and silver ions.
- the nano silver and silver ions are supported on kaolin.
- the kaolin is a 1:1 type dioctahedral layered silicate structure, some nano silver and silver ions are embedded between the kaolin crystal layers, and the kaolin crystal edges are also loaded with nano silver and silver ions, and the kaolin clay
- the spacing between adjacent crystal layers is 1-5 nm, the content of the nano silver is 0.01-10 mol/kg, and the particle size of the nano silver is 1-100 nm.
- the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent is a zinc oxide/kaolin intercalation composite.
- the zinc oxide/kaolin antibacterial agent contains kaolin and zinc oxide, and the zinc oxide is supported on kaolin.
- the kaolin is a 1:1 type dioctahedral layered silicate structure, a part of zinc oxide is embedded between the kaolin layer, and the edge of the kaolin crystal is also loaded with zinc oxide molecules.
- the spacing between two adjacent crystal layers of the kaolin is 1-5 nm, the content of the zinc oxide is 0.01-10 mol/kg, and the particle size of the zinc oxide is 1-100 nm.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the nano silver/kaolin antibacterial agent, comprising the following steps:
- the first step is to prepare zinc oxide / kaolin antibacterial agent:
- the dried kaolin/dimethyl sulfoxide complex and surfactant are 200:1-2:1
- the mass ratio is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the surfactant may be any one, two or more kinds of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants; thereafter, per 1-100 g of kaolin/
- the dimethyl sulfoxide complex was added with 10-1000 ml of a 0.001-1 mol/L zinc salt solution and stirred again for 24-48 hours.
- the surfactant mainly serves the following two aspects: on the one hand, improving the dispersibility of the zinc salt solution, preventing agglomeration when the nano zinc oxide is reduced to form a precipitate; on the other hand, the dispersion of the kaolin can be improved.
- the specific surface area of kaolin thereby increasing the likelihood of Zn + entering the interbed.
- the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lignin sulfonate. Any one, two or more of sodium and sodium silicate.
- the zinc salt may be selected from at least one of zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc chloride, zinc oxalate dihydrate, and zinc hydroxide.
- the dispersant is added to the solution in the solution to continue to stir until it is dissolved uniformly; then it is reacted at 70 ° C - 800 ° C for 15 min - 12 h, and the zinc oxide antibacterial agent is obtained after the reaction is completed.
- the displacer is When NaOH, such as zinc salt, is zinc hydroxide, the amount of the displacer may be 0.
- the second step is to prepare nano silver / kaolin antibacterial agent:
- the dried kaolin/dimethyl sulfoxide complex and surfactant are 200:1-2:1
- the mass ratio is mixed and stirred uniformly, and the surfactant may be any one, two or more kinds of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants; thereafter, per 1-100 g of kaolin/ Add a certain amount of silver ammonia solution to the dimethyl sulfoxide complex by adding 10-1000 ml of a silver ammonia solution at a concentration of 0.001-1 mol/L, and stir again 24-48 Hours.
- the surfactant mainly serves the following two aspects: on the one hand, improving the dispersibility of the silver ammonia solution, preventing agglomeration when the nano silver is reduced to form a precipitate; on the other hand, the kaolin can be improved by dispersing the kaolin.
- the specific surface area thereby increasing the probability of silver ammonia molecules entering the layer.
- the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, Any one, two or two of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium lignosulfonate and sodium silicate More than one species.
- the silver ammonia solution molecule is reduced in situ to the nano silver between the kaolin crystal layers or the edge: the use method is one of hydrothermal reduction method and photocatalytic reduction method.
- the molar ratio of silver ammonia solution to reducing agent in the solution treated in step (2) is 0.3-10 a ratio of adding a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrazine hydrate, glucose, vitamin C, aldehyde-based compound, triethanolamine, and sodium borohydride, two or more kinds; and, at 50- 100 ° C
- the reduction reaction is carried out, and the reduction reaction time is controlled at 18 to 48 hours.
- the UV spectrophotometer showed that the nanosilver prepared by hydrothermal reduction method
- the concentration of nanosilver in the kaolin intercalation compound is 15-20 times that of the nanosilver obtained by direct hydrothermal method without reducing agent.
- the addition of a reducing agent can increase the conversion rate of nano silver.
- the above-mentioned direct hydrothermal method without reducing agent that is, without adding the above-mentioned reducing agent, and other parameters are the same as the hydrothermal reduction method, the silver ions in the silver ammonia solution are directly hydrothermally reduced to nano silver.
- Photocatalytic reduction method 1:10-10:1 according to silver ammonia solution and protective agent
- the molar ratio is added with a protective agent, and the photo-electron reduction silver ammonia solution is excited by ultraviolet light.
- the ultraviolet light has a wavelength between 250 nm and 400 nm, and the catalytic time is 6-72 h, thereby obtaining nano silver/ Kaolin intercalation compound; after dilution, it was detected by UV spectrophotometer that the concentration of nano-silver in the nano-silver/kaolin intercalation compound obtained by photocatalytic reduction was not added to the reducing agent directly in the hydrothermal method of nano-silver 9-20 The nano silver concentration is no longer increased after sufficient time of ultraviolet light catalysis, indicating that the ultimate reduction state has been reached.
- the protective agent may be one or both of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, sodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium hexametaphosphate.
- the role of the above protective agent a. It can prevent agglomeration during the reduction process of nano silver, increase the reaction area and promote the reaction thoroughly; b. Disperse kaolin. In the photocatalytic reduction process, the extension of the ultraviolet light time can increase the conversion rate of the nano silver.
- the kaolin still maintains the 1:1 type dioctahedral layered silicate structure, because of the entry of silver ions and nano-silver, 0.716nm is extended to more than 3nm.
- XRD diffraction proves that the original kaolin remains crystalline and the chemical composition remains unchanged.
- the third step mixing nano silver / kaolin antibacterial agent and zinc oxide / kaolin antibacterial agent to prepare antibacterial coating:
- the nano silver antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide antibacterial agent are mixed as a mixed antibacterial agent at a ratio of 5%, and the mixed antibacterial agent is 0.1%.
- the proportion is added to the paint and mixed with the aid of a blender.
- the nano silver antibacterial agent and the zinc oxide antibacterial agent are mixed as a mixed antibacterial agent at a ratio of 2.5%, and the mixed antibacterial agent is 2.5%.
- the proportion is added to the paint and mixed with the aid of a blender.
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Abstract
一种抗菌涂料及其制备方法。所述抗菌涂料包括纳米银/高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌/高岭土抗菌剂,两者之间的重量比为0-1。所述制备方法包括分别制备纳米银/高岭土、氧化锌/高岭土,将两者混合,并加入油漆中,搅拌混合均匀。
Description
本发明涉及一种涂料,尤其涉及一种抗菌涂料及其制备方法。
近年来,随着人类对所生存环境洁净要求的提高,市场对自抗菌涂料的需求已经成为有识之士的共识。目前市场上的抗菌涂料多以直接添加纳米银和 /
或二氧化钛,以达到抗菌效果。但纳米银在涂料中不够稳定、容易发生团聚,且分散不够均匀。此外,但纳米二氧化钛的加入,可能产生强氧化基团,破坏涂料树脂,降低涂料的寿命。
纳米银在涂料中不够稳定、容易发生团聚,且分散不够均匀。此外,但纳米二氧化钛的加入,可能产生强氧化基团,破坏涂料树脂,降低涂料的寿命。
为了克服上述技术问题,本发明提供一种抗菌涂料。另外,本发明还提供了一种所述抗菌涂料的制备方法。
一种抗菌涂料,包括纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂、氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂,其中,纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂与氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂两者之间的重量比为 0-1 。
优选地,所述纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂含含有高岭土和纳米银,部分纳米银嵌置在高岭土晶层之间,高岭土晶体边缘也负载有纳米银。
更优选地,所述载体纳米银抗菌材料的分子式为
Al2AgX(Si2O5)(OH) 4 ,其中
x=0.001-2.62 。
更优选地,所述纳米银的含量为 0.01-10mol/kg 。
优选地, 该氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂含有高岭土、 氧化锌 ,所述氧化锌负载在高岭土上。
更优选地, 所述氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂的分子式为
Al2(Si2O5)(ZnO)x(OH) 4
,其中 x=0.002-2.62 。
优选地,该抗菌涂料中还含有油漆,所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 /
高岭土抗菌剂总重量为油漆固含量的 0.1%-5% 。
一种抗菌涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:制备氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂;制备纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂;将纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂混合,并添加至油漆中,搅拌均匀获得所述抗菌涂料。
优选地,所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的制备包括如下步骤:将高岭土与二甲基亚砜溶液混合,获得高岭土
/ 二甲基亚砜复合物;将所述高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与表面活性剂以 200:1-2:1
的质量比混合搅拌,并加入银氨溶液,获得银氨混合液;采用光催化还原法将银氨混合液中的银氨溶液分子还原为纳米银,制得载体纳米银抗菌材料,所述载体纳米银抗菌材料中纳米银的含量为
0.01-10mol/kg 。
更优选地,所述光催化还原法具体通过如下方法实现:将银氨混合液置于在 250-420nm
之间的紫外光下,光催化 6-72h ,获得纳米银 / 高岭土插层化合物。
相较于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点:
1.
相容性好:本发明利用高岭土本身就是与涂料原料(油漆、助溶剂、固化剂等)具有良好的相容性的原理,采用高岭土为载体制备纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂、 氧化锌 /
高岭土抗菌剂,大大提高了所述两种抗菌剂与涂料原料的相容性。
2. 均匀分散性:通过负载在高岭土上,使纳米银和氧化锌可均匀的分散在涂料中。
3.
采用光催化还原法或水热还原法,将嵌置在高岭土晶层和负载在高岭土晶体边缘的银离子还原为纳米银,大大地提高了银离子转化为纳米银的转化率,进而提高了所述载体纳米银抗菌材料中纳米银的浓度(是不加还原剂直接水热法中的纳米银的
9-20 倍)与抗菌效果。如此,在其他条件不变的情况下,降低抗菌涂料中纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的用量,仍可使抗菌涂料具有良好的抗菌性。
5. 由于纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂呈深色、甚至是黑色,所述 氧化锌 /
高岭土抗菌剂的添加可使抗菌涂料可调的色彩更为丰富多彩,同时也不会影响抗菌涂料的抗菌性。
6. 纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂、 氧化锌 /
高岭土抗菌剂的添加,对抗菌涂料的其他性能(如:使用寿命、抗裂变性等)没有负面影响。
附图构成本说明书的一部分,用于帮助进一步理解本发明。这些附图图解了本发明的一些实施例,并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理。附图中:
图 1 出示了根据本发明的一个实施方式的纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的 XRD 衍射图;其中, 1
为高岭土 XRD 衍射图谱, 2 为纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的 XRD 衍射图谱。
下面将结合具体实施例病参照附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明提供一种抗菌涂料,其包括纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂、氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂,其中,纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂与氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂两者之间的重量比为 0-1 。
优选地,该抗菌涂料中还含有油漆、固化剂和水 / 稀释剂。
所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂总重量为油漆固含量的 0.1%-5% 。
所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂,其为纳米银 / 高岭土插层复合物。该纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂含有高岭土、纳米银及银离子。所述纳米银、银离子负载在高岭土上。所述高岭土为 1:1
型二八面体层状硅酸盐结构,部分纳米银、银离子嵌置在高岭土晶层之间,且高岭土晶体边缘也负载有纳米银和银离子,所述高岭土二相邻晶层之间的间距为 1-5nm
,所述纳米银的含量为 0.01-10mol/kg ,所述纳米银的粒径为 1-100nm 。所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的分子式为
Al2AgX(Si2O5)(OH) 4 ,其中
x=0.001-2.62 。
所述氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂,其为氧化锌 / 高岭土插层复合物。该氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂含有高岭土、
氧化锌 ,所述氧化锌负载在高岭土上。所述高岭土为 1:1
型二八面体层状硅酸盐结构,部分氧化锌嵌置在高岭土晶层之间,且高岭土晶体边缘也负载有氧化锌分子。所述高岭土二相邻晶层之间的间距为 1-5nm
,所述氧化锌的含量为 0.01-10mol/kg ,所述氧化锌的粒径为 1-100nm 。所述氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂的分子式为
Al2(Si2O5)(ZnO)x(OH) 4
,其中 x=0.002-2.62 。
本发明还提供了所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,制备氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂:
( 1 )将 1-100g 高岭土和 10-1000ml 质量百分含量为 1%-100%
的二甲基亚砜( DOSO )溶液混合并搅拌 24-72 小时,形成高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物;之后,采用纯水洗涤两次、有机溶剂洗涤一次,以去除杂质和多余二甲亚砜,所述有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇中的一种;将洗涤后的高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物至于烘箱中烘干,烘箱内的温度为 40-90 ℃。本实施例中,烘烤时间为 10 小时。
( 2 )将烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与表面活性剂以 200:1-2:1
的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,表面活性剂可以是阳离子、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂中的任意一种、两种或两种以上;之后,按每 1-100g 高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物添加 10-1000ml 浓度为 0.001-1mol/L 锌盐溶液,再次搅拌 24-48 小时。
所述表面活性剂主要起到如下两方面的作用:一方面,提高锌盐溶液的分散性,防止还原纳米氧化锌时发生团聚从而形成沉淀;另一方面,对高岭土的起分散作用,可以提高高岭土的比表面积,从而增大
Zn+
进入晶层间的可能性。本实施例中,表面活性剂为选自六偏磷酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙烯醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、木质素磺酸钠及硅酸钠中的任意一种、两种或两种以上。
所述锌盐可选自二水合醋酸锌、七水合硫酸锌、六水合硝酸锌、氯化锌、二水合草酸锌及氢氧化锌中的至少一种。
( 3 )按照置换剂与锌盐的摩尔比为 0:1-5:1 的比例,向步骤( 2
)中的溶液中添加置换剂继续搅拌直到溶解均匀;然后将其置于 70 ℃ -800 ℃的条件下反应 15min-12h ,反应完毕后获得氧化锌抗菌剂。所述置换剂为
NaOH ,如锌盐为氢氧化锌时,置换剂使用量可为 0 。
采用国标 GBT21510-2008 对所述氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂的进行抗菌测试表明,氧化锌 /
高岭土抗菌剂对大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭率均大于 99.99% ,远远高于国标规定的 90% 。
第二步,制备纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂:
( 1 )将 1-100g 高岭土和 10-1000ml 质量百分含量为 1%-100%
的二甲基亚砜( DOSO )溶液混合并搅拌 24-72 小时,形成高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物;之后,采用纯水洗涤两次、有机溶剂洗涤一次,以去除杂质和多余二甲亚砜,所述有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇中的一种;将洗涤后的高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物至于烘箱中烘干,烘箱内的温度为 40-90℃ 。本实施例中,烘烤时间为 10 小时。
( 2 )将烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与表面活性剂以 200:1-2:1
的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,表面活性剂可以是阳离子、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂中的任意一种、两种或两种以上;之后,按每 1-100g 高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物添加 10-1000ml 浓度为 0.001-1mol/L 的银氨溶液的比例添加一定量的银氨溶液,再次搅拌 24-48
小时。所述表面活性剂主要起到如下两方面的作用:一方面,提高银氨溶液的分散性,防止还原纳米银时发生团聚从而形成沉淀;另一方面,对高岭土的起分散作用,可以提高高岭土的比表面积,从而增大银氨分子进入晶层间的可能性。本实施例中,表面活性剂为选自六偏磷酸钠、
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 、 聚乙烯醇 、 十二烷基硫酸钠 、三聚磷酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、木质素磺酸钠及硅酸钠中的任意一种、两种或两种以上。
( 3
)将银氨溶液分子在高岭土晶层间或边缘原位还原为纳米银:使用方法为水热还原法、光催化还原法中的一种。
水热还原法:向步骤( 2 )处理后的溶液中按照银氨溶液与还原剂的摩尔比为 0.3-10
的比例加入还原剂并继续搅拌,所述还原剂选自水合肼、葡萄糖、维生素 C 、醛基化合物、三乙醇胺及硼氢化钠 中的一种、两种或两种以上;之后,在 50-100℃
下进行还原反应,还原反应时间控制在 18-48 小时。稀释后经紫外分光光度计检测表明,水热还原法制得的纳米银 /
高岭土插层化合物中纳米银浓度是不加还原剂直接水热法获得的纳米银浓度的 15-20 倍。水热还原过程中,还原剂的添加可以提高纳米银的转化率。
上述不加还原剂直接水热法,即不添加上述还原剂、且其他参数都与水热还原法相同的情况下,直接将银氨溶液中的银离子水热还原为纳米银。
光催化还原法:按照银氨溶液与保护剂以 1:10-10:1
的摩尔比添加保护剂,以紫外光激发光电子还原银氨溶液,紫外光波长在 250nm-400nm 之间,催化时间为 6-72h ,即可得到纳米银 /
高岭土插层化合物;稀释后通过紫外分光光度计检测表明,通过光催化还原法获得的纳米银 / 高岭土插层化合物中纳米银浓度是不加还原剂直接水热法中的纳米银的 9-20
倍,并且紫外光催化足够时间后纳米银浓度不再增加,表明已经达到极限还原状态。所述保护剂可以是聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇、山梨醇、柠檬酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素、六偏磷酸钠中的一种或两种。上述保护剂的作用:
a. 可防止纳米银还原过程中产生团聚,同时增大反应面积,促进反应进行彻底; b.
分散高岭土。光催化还原过程中,紫外光照时间的延长可以提高纳米银的转化率。
经还原反应后高岭土仍保持 1:1 型二八面体层状硅酸盐结构,因为银离子与纳米银的进入,晶层间由
0.716nm 撑开到 3nm 以上。请参见图 1 所示,经 XRD 衍射证明,原有高岭土仍保持晶型,化学成分不变。
采用国标 GBT21510-2008 对所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的进行抗菌测试表明,纳米银 /
高岭土抗菌剂对大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭率均大于 99.99% ,远远高于国标规定的 90% 。
可以理解的,上述第一步与第二步之间可以根据实际需要调换顺序。
第三步:将纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂混合,制备抗菌涂料:
将纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂两者之比按照 0-1 的比例混合均匀,研磨至粒度
<90 μ m ,烘干得混合抗菌剂;称取待混的油漆试样 1g ,在 105 ℃的环境下烘干 1h
,然后取出称重,算出固含量比例;称取将要使用油漆的量,乘以固含量比例,再按照油漆固含量的 0.1%-5%
的比例添加混合抗菌剂至油漆中,并搅拌混匀,即获得抗菌涂料。进一步地,还可向油漆中添加施工比例的固化剂和水 / 稀释剂,并搅拌均匀。
实施例 1
将 1g 高岭土和 10ml 质量百分比为 1% 的 DMSO 溶液,混合搅拌 24h
。之后,采用纯水洗涤两次、甲醇洗涤一次,在 40 ℃下烘干。将烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与十二烷基硫酸钠以 200:1 的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,添加
10ml 浓度为 0.001mol/L 锌氨溶液,再次搅拌 24 小时。添加 NaOH 按照与锌盐的摩尔比 1 : 1 继续搅拌均匀。在 70 ℃下 12
小时,取出后为氧化锌抗菌剂。
将 1g 高岭土添加至 10 ml 质量百分含量为 3% 的 DOSO 溶液中,搅拌 24h
,取出后对其进行两次纯水、一次甲醇洗涤后在 50 ℃ 下烘干,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将 0.1g PVP 倒入烘干后的高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物粉末并搅拌均匀;再缓缓倒入 15ml 0.005mol/L 银氨溶液并搅拌 24h ;在上述混合溶液中以银氨与水合肼为 1 : 0.5
的摩尔比添加水合肼,使其在 50 ℃ 下水热还原 20h ,制得纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂,并烘干备用。
将纳米银抗菌剂和氧化锌抗菌剂按照 0.1% 的比例混匀为混合抗菌剂,将混合抗菌剂按照 5%
的比例添加到油漆中,在搅拌机的协助下混匀。
实施例 2
将 100g 高岭土和 1000ml 质量百分比为 100% 的 DMSO 溶液,搅拌 72h
,取出后对其进行两次纯水、一次乙醇洗涤后在 90 ℃下烘干,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与三聚磷酸钠以 2:1
的质量比混合并搅拌均匀;添加 1000ml 浓度为 1mol/L 六水合硝酸锌溶液,再次搅拌 24 小时,将 NaOH 和锌盐按照 5 : 1 摩尔比添加,
800 ℃ 环境中 15min ,取出后为氧化锌抗菌剂。
将 100g 高岭土添加质量百分含量为 100% 的 DOSO 溶液 1000ml 中,搅拌 72h
,取出后对其进行两次纯水、一次乙醇洗涤后在 90 ℃ 下烘干,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将 50g 三聚磷酸钠倒入烘干后的高岭土 /
二甲基亚砜复合物粉末并搅拌均匀;再缓缓倒入 1000ml 1mol/L 银氨溶液并搅拌 48h ;按照银氨与葡萄糖为 1 : 10
的摩尔比添加葡萄糖至上述混合溶液中,使其在 100 ℃ 下水热还原 48h ,制得纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂,并烘干备用。
将纳米银抗菌剂和氧化锌抗菌剂按照 5% 的比例混匀为混合抗菌剂,将混合抗菌剂按照 0.1%
的比例添加到油漆中,在搅拌机的协助下混匀。
实施例 3
将 50g 高岭土和 500ml 质量百分比为 50% 的 DMSO 溶液,搅拌 48h
,取出后对其进行两次纯水、一次甲醇洗涤后在 70 ℃下烘干,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与六偏磷酸钠 以
100:1 的质量比混合并搅拌均匀;添加 500ml 浓度为 0.5mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液,再次搅拌 36 小时, 放入 600 ℃ 环境中 7h
,取出后为氧化锌抗菌剂。
将 50g 高岭土添加至 500ml 质量百分含量为 60% 的 DOSO 溶液中,搅拌 24h
,取出后对其进行两次纯水、一次甲醇洗涤后在 70 ℃下烘干,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将 1g 三聚磷酸钠溶于 80ml
水溶液中,向水溶液中倒入烘干后的高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物粉末并搅拌均匀;再向水溶液中缓缓倒入 500ml 0.1mol/L 银氨溶液并搅拌 24h
;在上述水溶液中加入硼氢化钠 5ml ,使其在 70 ℃下水热还原 2h ,制得纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂,并烘干备用。
将纳米银抗菌剂和氧化锌抗菌剂按照 2.5% 的比例混匀为混合抗菌剂,将混合抗菌剂按照 2.5%
的比例添加到油漆中,在搅拌机的协助下混匀。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种抗菌涂料,其特征在于:该抗菌涂料包括纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂、氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂,其中,纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂与氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂两者之间的重量比为 0-1 。
- 如权利要求 1 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于:所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂含含有高岭土和纳米银,部分纳米银嵌置在高岭土晶层之间,高岭土晶体边缘也负载有纳米银。
- 如权利要求 1 或 2 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于:所述载体纳米银抗菌材料的分子式为 Al2AgX(Si2O5)(OH) 4 ,其中 x=0.001-2.62 。
- 如权利要求 3 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于:所述纳米银的含量为 0.01-10mol/kg 。
- 如权利要求 1 或 2 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于: 该氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂含有高岭土、 氧化锌 ,所述氧化锌负载在高岭土上。
- 如权利要求 5 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于: 所述氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂的分子式为 Al2(Si2O5)(ZnO)x(OH) 4 ,其中 x=0.002-2.62 。
- 如权利要求 1 所述的抗菌涂料,其特征在于:该抗菌涂料中还含有油漆,所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂总重量为油漆固含量的 0.1%-5% 。
- 一种抗菌涂料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:制备氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂;制备纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂;将纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂和氧化锌 / 高岭土抗菌剂混合,并添加至油漆中,搅拌均匀获得所述抗菌涂料。
- 如权利要求 8 所述抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米银 / 高岭土抗菌剂的制备包括如下步骤:将高岭土与二甲基亚砜溶液混合,获得高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物;将所述高岭土 / 二甲基亚砜复合物与表面活性剂以 200:1-2:1 的质量比混合搅拌,并加入银氨溶液,获得银氨混合液;采用光催化还原法将银氨混合液中的银氨溶液分子还原为纳米银,制得载体纳米银抗菌材料,所述载体纳米银抗菌材料中纳米银的含量为 0.01-10mol/kg 。
- 如权利要求 9 所述抗菌涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述光催化还原法具体通过如下方法实现:将银氨混合液置于在 250-420nm 之间的紫外光下,光催化 6-72h ,获得纳米银 / 高岭土插层化合物。
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