Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
  • A61K36/288—Taraxacum (dandelion)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4196—1,2,4-Triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
  • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
  • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
  • A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the treatment of certain virus-based diseases of the skin, in particular for the treatment of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV- 1 ) and herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles or varicella zoster virus (VZV).
• HSV- 1 herpes simplex virus type-1
• VZV varicella zoster virus
• Virus-based diseases of the skin include in particular diseases and/or infections which are caused by herpes viruses and are also referred to colloquially simply as herpes.
• Herpes viruses occur widely in vertebrates, in particular in mammals and especially in humans, horses, swine, cattle, goats, sheep, cats and dogs.
• HHV Human pathogenic herpes viruses
• alpha. beta and gamma-herpes viruses
• Ml IV- 1 through HHV-S gamma-herpes viruses
• the alpha and gamma viruses are also among viruses that can infect animals, e.g., the horse (equine herpes virus), cattle (bovine herpes virus), swine (porcine herpes virus), cat (feline herpes virus), dog (canine herpes virus) and chicken (chicken herpes virus 1 ).
• the alpha-herpes viruses include herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1 ), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV).
• HSV-1 herpes simplex virus 1
• HSV-2 herpes simplex virus 2
• VZV varicella zoster virus
• herpes simplex viruses HSV- 1 and HSV-2 include, for example, herpes labiales. also known as fever blisters or herpes of the lips, and herpes nasalis, both caused primarily by HSV- 1 , keratoconjunctivitis herpetica, stomatitis herpetica, herpes facialis, herpes buccalis, herpes genitales, herpes perianalis, herpes glutealis.
• Varicel la zoster viruses VZV
• HSV- 1 and H SV -2 are closely related to one another and have a high percentage of identical nucleotide sequences. Although HSV- 1 infects primarily the oral and facial area, HSV-2 occurs mainly in the genital area.
• Alpha-herpes viruses usually first infect epithelial cells such as skin cells, mucous cells and mucosal cells, followed by a marked replication of the virus in the host cell and death of the infected host cell.
• HSV- 1 will spread in skin cells and/or mucosal cells of the face and mouth, usually causing local damage, namely in the form of a vesicle.
• Antibodies neutralize the viruses in the vesicles after a short period of time, but viruses are also released by lysis of the infected host cells before a humoral immune response can take place. The viruses thereby released also infect certain nerve cells (neurons) by adhering to receptors on the nerve endings in the mouth, which can lead to the neural node of the facial nerve (trigeminus).
• the viral DNA penetrates into an axon, enters the cytoplasm of the nerve cells and finally enters the cell nucleus where the viral DNA is incorporated into the genome of the nerve cell, leading to a latency in which only a few viral genes are expressed (lysogenic cycle).
• Various external stimuli can be lead to renewed activation of the virus, i.e., the transition from latency and/or the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle which ultimately results in destruction (lysis) of the nerve cell.
• Such stimuli include, for example, immunosuppression, stress, hormone fluctuations, physical or emotional stresses, fever (which is also why they are called fever blisters), UV radiation, tissue damage and in many cases an immunological weakness.
• HSV-1 The incidence of such activation of HSV-1 is believed to depend on both genetic and environmental factors, and both age and hormone changes can play a role.
• the viral progeny occurring as part of an activation are first transported by the axon to the site and/or region of the original skin infection where they again create vesicles or blisters ( fever blisters) by infection of and replication in the skin cells and/or mucosal cells. Even if these viruses are again neutralized by the immune system, it is impossible to free the body completely of HSV- 1 through the immune system because additional nerve cells in which the viral DNA remains integrated into the genome (latency) are constantly being infected.
• Herpes virus-based diseases of the skin are generally treated by using antiviral active ingredients which intervene in viral replication in particular, as will be discussed in greater detail below.
• An important general approach in the development of antiviral active ingredients and thus also in the prevention and/or treatment of virus-based diseases of the skin is thus to intervene in the viral replication cycle and to inhibit viral infection of the host cell or replication of the viral nucleic acid in the host cell, e.g., by inhibiting expression of the viral proteins coded by the viral nucleic acid.
• virustatics In recent decades, such antiviral active ingredients, so-called virustatics have been developed. Many virustatics inhibit the enzyme DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase or proteases, for example, and thus inhibit replication of the virus and/or processing of a synthesized long virus protein into smaller protein segments. Examples of these therapeutic approaches are to be found here in particular in the treatment ofHIV infections. However, virustatics that are administered systemically or topically are also known in the field of treatment of virus-based diseases of the skin caused by herpes viruses HSV- 1 or HSV-2. Examples include the active ingredients aciclovir, valaciclovir, foscarnet and peniclovir.
• systemic administration by systemic administration of virustatics, a significant reduction in the activation of viruses present in host cells can be achieved because the active ingredients inhibit the replication of the viral nucleic acid in the cell nucleus or the assembly of the viral particles to form complete viruses in the cytoplasm of the host cel ls;
• topical administration by topical administration of virustatics in the area of an initial infection by the v irus, the additional route of replication of the viruses, e.g., in the resulting fever blisters in the case of an HSV-1 infection, can be prevented in an early stage of activation, which can result in more rapid detumescence of the fever blisters.
• virustatic that can be released and be bioavailable per unit of time in the area of the virus infection, e.g., the fever blister is very low.
• This low bioavailability of the virustatic is an important obstacle for effective topical treatment.
• aciclovir which has a very low water solubility
• the low bioavailability is due to the poor percutaneous transport of the active ingredient, for example.
• Various chemical modifications of virustatics as prodrug concepts for an improved supply of virustatic active ingredient have not led to any improvement in this phenomenon.
• the present invention provides an alternative and improved method for treatment of herpes virus-based diseases of the skin. More particularly, I have found aqueous and aqueous/alcohol extracts of dandelion greens, leaves and roots unexpectedly may be used as a topical treatment for treating herpes simplex virus type- 1 (HSV- 1 ) and herpes zoster (VZV).
• HSV- 1 herpes simplex virus type- 1
• VZV herpes zoster
• aqueous, aqueous/alcohol, and natural plant oil extracts of dandelion unexpectedly provide relief for both herpes simplex and herpes zoster when applied topically.
• Figs. 1 -3 are MS/MS spectra of known nucleoside analogs
• Figure 4 is an LC/MS/MS analysis of nucleoside standards and nucleosides found in T. mongolicum extract;
• Figs 5-7 are LC/MS/MS analysis comparing known nucleosides to those novel nucleoside analogs found in T. Mongolicum. Novel nucleoside structures proposed are circled in red.
• Fig. 8 is a flow diagram of a general identification procedure used in the present invention.
• alcohol means a lower, preferably Ci to C4, alcohol.
• natural plant oil means flax oil, which is preferred, or another commercially available oil such as almond oil, coconut oil, jojoba oil, lemon oil, olive oil, sesame seed oil and sunflower oil, which are given as examples.
• the extract was removed and fractionated on an LC/MS and UV instrument following the general procedure set forth in Fig. 8. DI water extracts that had been analyzed using LC/MS/MS were then tested on H SV- 1 (same dilutions as above) by leaving the various dilutions in contact with the virus for 30 minutes and then pipetting the solutions into test tubes containing MRC-5 cells. The tubes were observed for cytopathic effect (CPE).
• CPE cytopathic effect

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• 2015
  • 2015-06-11 CN CN201580029943.XA patent/CN106457000A/zh active Pending
  • 2015-06-11 EP EP15807542.4A patent/EP3154637A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-06-11 CA CA2951881A patent/CA2951881C/en active Active
  • 2015-06-11 JP JP2016572431A patent/JP2017517543A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-06-11 WO PCT/US2015/035384 patent/WO2015191891A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2015-06-11 US US14/737,164 patent/US10034908B2/en active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-06-22 US US16/015,701 patent/US10213468B2/en active Active
  • 2018-06-22 US US16/015,711 patent/US10220066B2/en active Active

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