WO2015180003A1 - 一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞 - Google Patents

一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015180003A1
WO2015180003A1 PCT/CN2014/001121 CN2014001121W WO2015180003A1 WO 2015180003 A1 WO2015180003 A1 WO 2015180003A1 CN 2014001121 W CN2014001121 W CN 2014001121W WO 2015180003 A1 WO2015180003 A1 WO 2015180003A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
skirt
oil
thread
forged steel
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PCT/CN2014/001121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张伟斌
刘建军
王胜坤
纪金雨
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滨州东海龙活塞有限公司
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Application filed by 滨州东海龙活塞有限公司 filed Critical 滨州东海龙活塞有限公司
Publication of WO2015180003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015180003A1/zh
Priority to US15/361,348 priority Critical patent/US20170074206A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/18—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/26—Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston, and more particularly to a thread welded integral forged steel piston.
  • the piston is the "heart" of the car engine. It is subject to alternating mechanical and thermal loads and is one of the most critical parts of the engine.
  • the function of the piston is to withstand the pressure of the gas and transmit it to the connecting rod through the pin of the piston to drive the crankshaft to rotate.
  • Pistons, etc. all of the above structures have certain shortcomings, such as liquid die-forged ceramic fiber structure aluminum pistons have high requirements on the blank forming process, especially the ceramic fiber structure, which must be formed under high pressure; the pendulum type articulated piston has its piston head and piston The skirt is separately manufactured, the piston skirt has a large wall thickness difference, the casting scrap rate is high, the cost is increased, and it is difficult to form a closed oil chamber, and the piston cooling effect is poor, and at the same time Because the longer piston pin is required for connection, the overall weight is also increased, the cast iron piston is polluted by the environment during the manufacturing process, the internal cooling oil chamber structure is difficult to realize, and the weight of the piston is difficult to control.
  • the prior art uses a method in which a forged piston head and a forged piston skirt are welded together by friction welding, and the manufacturing method causes the weld on the inner side of the closed oil chamber to be cleaned, and the cooling oil may be oscillated.
  • the presence of hard particles falls off, increasing the risk of causing the engine to pull the cylinder.
  • welding defects are prone to occur, which leads to separation of the piston head and the piston skirt during use, resulting in engine damage or even scrapping of the entire locomotive.
  • friction welding is huge and wastes energy.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above and to provide a combined forged steel structure piston which is structurally sound, safe and reliable.
  • a thread-welded integral forged steel piston comprising a forged piston head and a forged piston skirt, the piston head and the piston skirt are fixedly coupled together, and a closed cooling is formed between the piston head and the piston skirt
  • the oil chamber and the cooling oil chamber communicate with the outside through the inlet and outlet oil holes, and the ring grooves of the piston are all disposed on the skirt of the piston, including two gas ring grooves provided at the top and an oil ring groove disposed at the bottom; It is arranged on the skirt of the piston, and the upper end of the pin seat is screwed together with the lower end of the piston head; the outer part of the upper end of the piston head is partially or completely and the upper end of the piston skirt fire side (the part of the first ring groove to the top of the piston)
  • the cavity forms an interference fit; there is a single weld on the outer or top surface of the piston.
  • the piston head and the piston skirt are more firmly connected by screwing, and the outer circumference of the piston head is partially or completely formed with an interference fit with the piston skirt upper end inner cavity and the piston head and the piston skirt are connected.
  • the firmness of the joint so the welding requirements at the joint surface are reduced, using ordinary welding or argon arc welding
  • the joint on the outer surface of the piston or the top surface can be welded. Not only the welding process is simple, the cost is low, and the weld seam is not formed in the cooling oil chamber. During the operation of the engine, hard particles do not appear in the cooling oil chamber. , reducing the chance of pulling the cylinder.
  • the threaded piston pin seat portion used in the present invention can absorb the deformation amount of a part of the piston pin seat and reduce the probability of fatigue cracking at the piston pin seat.
  • an annular groove is arranged below the oil ring groove, and an annular band is formed between the annular groove and the oil ring groove, the diameter of the ring belt is 1-3 mm smaller than the diameter of the cylinder hole, and the ring belt is provided with a plurality of oil ring grooves and rings.
  • the oil ring groove and the annular groove are penetrated through the oil return hole, which not only reduces the weight, but also increases the flexibility of the skirt, and is beneficial to the oil return of the oil ring groove portion, especially the oil at the bottom of the oil ring groove, directly through the oil return hole Return to the annular groove, or through the oil return blind hole on the side of the oil ring groove, return to the annular groove through the annular belt with the smaller diameter of the lower side of the oil ring groove to prevent the oil from slamming due to high oil pressure, which is beneficial to reduce the machine. Fuel consumption, reducing harmful emissions from the engine.
  • the oil return hole is disposed at a position close to the short axis of the piston.
  • the horizontal oil return blind hole is disposed at a position close to the long axis of the piston.
  • the oil return hole is parallel to the piston axis.
  • the annular groove communicates with the piston inner cavity in the longitudinal direction of the piston.
  • the first technical solution can reduce the weight of the piston and reduce the inertial force of the piston reciprocating motion when the engine is working on the engine.
  • the damage caused is to reduce the heat transfer of the piston head to the piston skirt and reduce the probability of thermal fatigue failure of the piston skirt.
  • a pin bushing is inserted into the pin hole in the pin seat.
  • the material of the pin bushing is cast bronze.
  • the pin hole on the pin seat has a hyperbolic shape in a longitudinal section.
  • the piston pin is bent upward due to the pressure of the piston rod.
  • the pin hole will be subjected to the force of the piston pin. If the pin hole is linear, it is easy to cause the pin seat to fatigue crack.
  • This scheme designs the pin hole as The hyperbolic shape reduces stress concentration and effectively prevents pin hole cracking due to excessive pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a hyperbolic pin hole.
  • piston head 1, piston head, 2, piston skirt, 3, cooling oil chamber, 4, inlet and outlet holes, 5, gas ring groove, 6, oil ring groove, 7, pin seat, 8, thread, 9, single-sided weld, 10, annular groove, 11, ring belt, 12, oil return hole, 13, pin hole.
  • a thread-welded integral forged steel piston comprising a forged piston head 1 and a forged piston skirt 2, the annular groove of the piston being all disposed on the piston skirt 2, including two gas ring grooves provided above 5 and an oil ring groove 6 provided at the lower side; the pin seat 7 is provided on the piston skirt 2, and the upper end of the pin seat 7 and the lower end of the piston head 1 pass The threads 8 are connected together; the outer portion of the upper end of the piston head 1 or all forms an interference fit with the inner cavity of the piston skirt 2; the outer surface of the piston or the top surface has a single-sided weld 9; the piston head 1 A closed cooling oil chamber 3 is formed between the piston skirt 2 and the cooling oil chamber communicates with the outside through the inlet and outlet holes 4.
  • An annular groove 10 is formed under the oil ring groove 6, and an annular band 11 is formed between the annular groove 10 and the oil ring groove 6.
  • the diameter of the ring belt 11 is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder hole, and the ring belt 11 is provided with a plurality of communication oil ring grooves 6 and
  • the oil return hole 12 of the annular groove 10 and the oil return hole 12 are disposed at a position close to the short axis of the piston.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

一种发动机活塞，包括锻造成的活塞头部和锻造成的活塞裙部，活塞头部（1）和活塞裙部（2）固定连接在一起，活塞头部和活塞裙部之间形成封闭的冷却油腔（3），冷却油腔通过进、出油孔（4）与外部相通，活塞的环槽全部设在活塞裙部上，包括设在上方的两个气环槽（5）和设在下方的一个油环槽（6）；销座（7）设在活塞裙部上，销座上端与活塞头部的下端通过螺纹（8）连接在一起；活塞头部上端外圆部分或全部与活塞裙部活力岸上端内腔形成过盈配合；在活塞外圆表面或顶面有单面焊缝（9），该活塞降低活塞头部与活塞裙部分离几率，降低油耗。

Description

一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞 技术领域
本发明涉及一种活塞，特别是一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞。
背景技术
活塞是汽车发动机的“心脏”，承受交变的机械负荷和热负荷，是发动机中工作条件最恶劣的关键零部件之一。活塞的功用是承受气体压力，并通过活塞销轴传给连杆驱使曲轴旋转。
近十几年来，发动机设计、制造技术得以迅速提高，特别是柴油发动机都在向大功率、高负荷方向发展，强化程度不断提高，爆发力已经超过20MPa，同时排放要求越来越严格，原铝制活塞虽然有重量轻的优点，但是铝合金材料只能在350℃下稳定工作，虽然采取了多种强化措施，如：第一环槽镶高镍奥氏体环座、第一环槽进行激光淬火，以提高环槽抗磨损能力，燃烧室喉口镶陶瓷复合材料、燃烧室喉口进行激光重熔细化。以提高燃烧室抗裂能力，但铝活塞仍然难以满足欧IV、欧V标准的发动机要求。所以现在很多公司都在选用钢铁材料替代铝合金材料，特别是锻钢活塞材料的开发带表了当前活塞发展的方向，所以铝材质已逐渐不能满足发动机高功率、高强度的排放的要求。为此国内外活塞设计制造商致力于设计开发既具有高可靠性又能满足经济型及排放要求的新型活塞，如液态模锻陶瓷纤维结构活塞、钢顶铝裙结构的摆体式铰接活塞、铸铁活塞等，以上结构都存在一定的缺点，如液态模锻陶纤维结构铝活塞对毛坯成型工艺要求高，特别是陶瓷纤维结构，必须在高压下才能成型；摆体式铰接结构活塞其活塞头与活塞裙分开加工制造，活塞裙由于壁厚差太大，铸造废品率较高，增加了成本，并且难以形成封闭的油腔，活塞冷却效果较差，同时 因为需要更长的活塞销进行连接，总体重量也有所增加，铸铁活塞在制造过程中对环境造成污染，内冷油腔结构难以实现，活塞的重量难以控制。
现有技术采用将锻造成的活塞头部和锻造成的活塞裙部通过摩擦焊焊接在一起的方式制造活塞，这种制造方式导致封闭油腔内侧的焊缝不能清理，在冷却机油震荡中会有硬质颗粒脱落，增加了造成发动机拉缸的风险。在对活塞头部和活塞裙部进行摩擦焊接时容易出现焊接缺陷，进而导致使用过程中活塞头部和活塞裙部分离，造成发动机损坏甚至整台机车的报废。此外，摩擦焊投入巨大，浪费能源。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种结构合理，安全可靠的组合式锻钢结构活塞。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现。
一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，包括锻造成的活塞头部和锻造成的活塞裙部，活塞头部和活塞裙部固定连接在一起，活塞头部和活塞裙部之间形成封闭的冷却油腔，冷却油腔通过进、出油孔与外部相通，活塞的环槽全部设在活塞裙部上，包括设在上方的两个气环槽和设在下方的一个油环槽；销座设在活塞裙部上，销座上端与活塞头部的下端通过螺纹连接在一起；活塞头部上端外圆部分或全部与活塞裙部火力岸(第一环槽到活塞顶的部分)上端内腔形成过盈配合；在活塞外圆表面或顶面有单面焊缝。
采用上述技术方案后，主要有以下有益效果。
1、活塞头部和活塞裙部通过螺纹连接后更加牢固，而且活塞头部上端外圆部分或全部与活塞裙部火力岸上端内腔形成过盈配合也增加了活塞头部与活塞裙部连接的牢固性，因此对连接面处的焊接要求降低，用普通焊或者氩弧焊对 活塞外圆表面或者顶面上的接缝进行焊接即可，不但焊接工艺简单，成本低，而且不会在冷却油腔内形成焊缝，发动机工作过程中冷却油腔内不会出现硬质颗粒，降低了拉缸的几率。
2、活塞在缸体中工作时，可能会出现卡死现象，如果此时正好处于做工冲程，飞轮在惯性作用下带动活塞杆拉动活塞裙部向下运动，活塞环对环槽上侧面形成很大的拉力，可能会出现“脱顶”(活塞头部与活塞裙部分离)现象，造成发动机损坏。本发明将所有环槽设置在活塞裙部，降低了上述现象发生的几率。
3、活塞工作过程中销座上方承受巨大的压力，因活塞销座部位疲劳开裂导致活塞失效的比例占到整个活塞失效原因的30％。本发明采用的螺纹连接的活塞销座部位可以吸收一部分活塞销座的变形量，减少活塞销座处疲劳开裂的几率。
作为优选，在油环槽下方设有环形槽，环形槽与油环槽之间形成一环带，环带直径比缸孔直径小1-3mm，环带上设有若干连通油环槽与环形槽的回油孔，或者在油环槽下表面上设置水平回油盲孔。通过回油孔使油环槽与环形槽贯通，不仅减轻了重量，增加了裙部柔性，而且有利于油环槽部位的机油回油，特别是油环槽底部的机油，通过回油孔直接回流到环形槽中，或通过油环槽侧面的回油盲孔，经过油环槽下侧面直径较小的环带回流到环形槽中，防止由于机油压力高导致机油上窜，有利于降低机油耗，减少发动机的有害排放。
所述回油孔设置在靠近活塞短轴的位置。
所述水平回油盲孔设置在靠近活塞长轴的位置。
所述回油孔与活塞轴线平行。
作为优选，所述环形槽与活塞内腔在活塞长轴方向相通。采用此技术方案一是可以减轻活塞的重量，减少发动机工作时活塞往复运动的惯性力对发动机 造成的破坏，二是减少活塞头部对活塞裙部的热传递，降低活塞裙部热疲劳失效的几率。
为减少销轴的磨损，在所述销座上的销孔中镶入销轴套。
作为优选，销轴套的材料选用铸造青铜。
作为优选，所述销座上的销孔纵截面为双曲线形。活塞在工作过程中，活塞销因受活塞杆压力作用而向上弯曲，销孔会受到活塞销的作用力，如果销孔为直线形，很容易导致销座疲劳开裂，此方案将销孔设计为双曲线形，可以降低应力集中，有效防止因过高的压力造成的销孔开裂。
附图说明
图1为本发明的正面剖视图。
图2为本发明侧面剖视图。
图3为本发明的仰视图。
图4为本发明的结构示意图。
图5为双曲线形销孔剖视图。
图中：1、活塞头部，2、活塞裙部，3、冷却油腔，4、进、出油孔，5、气环槽，6、油环槽，7、销座，8、螺纹，9、单面焊缝，10、环形槽，11、环带，12、回油孔，13、销孔。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面根据附图对本发明具体实施方式作进一步说明。
一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，包括锻造成的活塞头部1和锻造成的活塞裙部2，活塞的环槽全部设在活塞裙部2上，包括设在上方的两个气环槽5和设在下方的一个油环槽6；销座7设在活塞裙部2上，销座7上端与活塞头部1的下端通过 螺纹8连接在一起；活塞头部1上端外圆部分或全部与活塞裙部2火力岸上端内腔形成过盈配合；在活塞外圆表面或顶面有单面焊缝9；活塞头部1和活塞裙部2之间形成封闭的冷却油腔3，冷却油腔通过进、出油孔4与外部相通。
在油环槽6下方设有环形槽10，环形槽10与油环槽6之间形成一环带11，环带11直径小于缸孔直径，环带11上设有若干连通油环槽6与环形槽10的回油孔12，回油孔12设置在靠近活塞短轴的位置。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，包括锻造成的活塞头部和锻造成的活塞裙部，活塞头部和活塞裙部固定连接在一起，活塞头部和活塞裙部之间形成封闭的冷却油腔，冷却油腔通过进、出油孔与外部相通，其特征在于：活塞的环槽全部设在活塞裙部上，包括设在上方的两个气环槽和设在下方的一个油环槽；销座设在活塞裙部上，销座上端与活塞头部的下端通过螺纹连接在一起；活塞头部上端外圆部分或全部与活塞裙部火力岸上端内腔形成过盈配合；在活塞外圆表面或顶面有单面焊缝。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：在油环槽下方设有环形槽，环形槽与油环槽之间形成一环带，环带直径小于缸孔直径，环带上设有至少一个连通油环槽与环形槽的回油孔，或者在油环槽下表面上设置水平回油盲孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：所述回油孔设置在靠近活塞短轴的位置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：所述水平回油盲孔设置在靠近活塞长轴的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：所述回油孔与活塞轴线平行。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：所述环形槽与活塞内腔在活塞长轴方向相通。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：在所述销座上设有销孔，在销孔中镶入销轴套。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：所述销轴 套的材料为铸造青铜。
  9. 如权利要求1-6任一所述的螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞，其特征在于：在所述销座上设有销孔，销孔纵截面为双曲线形。
PCT/CN2014/001121 2014-05-26 2014-12-15 一种螺纹焊接式整体锻钢活塞 WO2015180003A1 (zh)

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