WO2015176574A1 - 手制动机 - Google Patents

手制动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015176574A1
WO2015176574A1 PCT/CN2015/074374 CN2015074374W WO2015176574A1 WO 2015176574 A1 WO2015176574 A1 WO 2015176574A1 CN 2015074374 W CN2015074374 W CN 2015074374W WO 2015176574 A1 WO2015176574 A1 WO 2015176574A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
torsion spring
guide plate
hand brake
seat
chain
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/074374
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毕经全
王超恒
李祥瑞
周吉刚
张昕
林超
Original Assignee
青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 filed Critical 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Priority to EP15795993.3A priority Critical patent/EP3059138B1/en
Priority to RU2016119803A priority patent/RU2615583C1/ru
Priority to JP2016531675A priority patent/JP6158441B2/ja
Publication of WO2015176574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176574A1/zh
Priority to US15/157,262 priority patent/US9828009B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/08—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand actuated
    • B60T7/10—Disposition of hand control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/08—Controlling members for hand actuation by rotary movement, e.g. hand wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/02—Hand or other personal actuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/02—Hand or other personal actuation
    • B61H13/04—Hand or other personal actuation by mechanisms incorporating toothed gearing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of machinery, and in particular relates to a hand brake.
  • a hand brake is a mechanism that is mounted on a brake device of a vehicle and uses manpower as a motive force for braking. It is mainly used on railway wagons. When the railway wagon performs the shunting operation or the vehicle is parked, the manpower is used as the braking motive force, and the hand brake is operated, and the hand brake will generate the braking force, which is transmitted to the brake shoe through the basic braking device to make the brake The tile is placed against the wheel to create a braking effect.
  • the commonly used hand brake generally comprises a hand wheel, a chain, a casing and a driving shaft formed in the casing, a large gear and a base, and the hand wheel is connected with the driving shaft, and one end of the chain is fixed on the large gear.
  • the other end is connected to a fixed pulley disposed at the bottom of the brake vehicle by a hand brake lever.
  • the hand wheel drives the pinion to rotate clockwise through the driving shaft, thereby driving the large gear to rotate counterclockwise, and the ratchet rotates relative to the ratchet.
  • the chain is wound around the main shaft of the large gear to apply a braking force to the tie rod in the base brake.
  • the pinion is connected to the drive shaft through the clutch. At this time, the hand wheel is rotated, and the drive shaft rotates accordingly.
  • the ratchet has a reverse rotation due to the gravity of the chain.
  • the ratchet will not be able to rotate, which will cause the chain to move, thus maintaining the braking effect.
  • the clutch is operated to separate the pinion from the driving shaft.
  • the chain is moved by gravity, and the pinion drives the pinion to rotate relative to the driving shaft, thereby achieving the mitigation operation.
  • the existing hand brake needs to be laterally offset to the outside of the vehicle by more than 125 mm, which will result in the chain center of the chain end and the chain center of the pulley end.
  • a lateral offset of about 100 mm is produced between them; however, due to space limitations, the undercarriage pulley can only be offset to the outside by 50 mm. Therefore, the offset of 100mm is easy to cause the brake of the hand brake, the chain and the casing are stuck, the chain and the movable pulley interfere, which affects the performance of the hand brake, and also causes the transmission efficiency of the fixed pulley due to the excessive offset.
  • the problem of reducing the visual effect is more serious.
  • the present invention provides a hand brake having a limit device for the above problems of the hand brake.
  • a hand brake comprising a hand wheel, a chain, a casing and a main shaft formed in the casing, a large gear and a base, the hand wheel is connected with the driving shaft, and one end of the chain is passed through the rivet Fixed on the large gear, the main shaft of the large gear is the winding chain shaft. The other end of the chain is connected to a fixed pulley provided at the bottom of the brake vehicle by a hand brake lever.
  • the drive shaft consists of a drive shaft, a key wheel, a clutch, a ratchet, a pinion and an end shaft arranged in sequence.
  • the hand wheel is disposed at one end of the drive shaft and is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft.
  • the large gear is located near one end of the pinion gear and is meshed with the pinion gear.
  • the connection between the end shaft of the hand brake and the drive shaft is positioned by the elastic cylindrical pin, and the welding method of the NSW type hand brake is no longer used, which is more advantageous for the maintenance of the active shaft composition.
  • the box shell is further provided with a function handle, a lancet, a lancet pin and a lancet seat, and the function handle is fixedly connected with the lancet pin, and the lancet is rotatably fixed on the lancet pin through the lancet seat, and the lancet pin is away from the thorn
  • a weight is also provided on one side of the tongue. The thorns are snapped between the adjacent gears of the ratchet, thereby achieving a clockwise rotation of the ratchet under the drive shaft and preventing the counterclockwise rotation of the ratchet.
  • the hand brake further includes a limiting device, and the limiting device is disposed on the winding chain shaft between the large gear and the base; the portion of the base and the limiting device is deepened to accommodate the limiting device.
  • the limiting device comprises a bearing I, a torsion spring, a guide plate and a guide plate seat, the torsion spring is sleeved on the outer side of the bearing I, the torsion spring seat is arranged on the side of the torsion spring close to the large gear, and the guide plate and the guide plate seat are sequentially arranged on the torsion spring close to the base.
  • the side of the torsion spring seat facing the torsion spring is fixedly provided with a stopper column III, and the side of the guide plate facing the torsion spring is fixedly provided with a stopper column I, and one side of the guide plate seat of the base surface is fixedly provided with a stopper column II.
  • the ends of the torsion springs are bent at the ends, and the guide plate and the guide seat are both annular structures.
  • the guide plate is further provided with an arc-shaped groove penetrating through the guide plate, the width of the groove is not less than the diameter of the block II, the arc length of the groove is not more than three-quarters of the circumference, and the guide block is provided with the stop column II A matching hole through which the stop post II rotates in the arcuate groove after passing through the guide seat.
  • the material of the torsion spring is 65Mn; the number of winding turns of the torsion spring is N circle, 3 ⁇ N ⁇ 6; the wire diameter of the torsion spring is r, 4mm ⁇ r ⁇ 6mm; the two hook ends of the torsion spring run through the same longitudinal direction On the shaft, the distance between the two hook ends is N full circle.
  • the height of the retaining column III is H3, the height of the retaining column II is H2, and the height of the retaining column I is H1; r ⁇ H3 ⁇ (N-1)*r, r ⁇ H1 ⁇ (N-1)*r, H2 is greater than
  • the thickness of the guide seat is not greater than the sum of the thickness of the guide and the guide seat.
  • One end of the torsion spring is only engaged with the stop III, and the other end of the torsion spring is only engaged with the stop I, and the stop II is not twisted. Spring card connection.
  • Brake function Put the function handle in the “normal” position, rotate the handwheel clockwise, drive the key wheel on the drive shaft to rotate, and transmit the torque to the pinion through the clutch.
  • the pinion drives the large gear to rotate. Achieve the brake function.
  • the chain Before the improvement, under the action of gravity, the chain will be in the position as shown in Figure 10 when the hand brake is fully relieved. After the improvement, by setting the limit device behind the large gear, the chain brake is completely relieved when the chain is in the position as shown in FIG. In the complete mitigation state, the hand brake chain is improved by 47mm after being improved to the right.
  • the torsion spring rotates counterclockwise with the large gear under the driving of the retaining post III.
  • the stopper I the large gear is rotated for two weeks (the chain is wound by about 500 mm). Since the retaining column I is fixedly disposed on the guide plate, as the large gear continues to rotate, the torsion spring drives the baffle I to drive the guide plate 4 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the stopper II fixed to the bottom plate moves relative to the guide 4 to rotate clockwise in the groove of the guide 4.
  • the limit device can ensure that the large gear rotates within two and three quarters of a turn (the amount of the wind can reach 800 mm or more), and the torsion spring does not cause reverse obstruction. effect.
  • the commonly used hand brake design has a maximum winding capacity of only 458 mm, so the design of the limit structure fully meets the normal brake use requirements of the hand brake.
  • Mitigation process In the braking state, rotate the hand wheel about 20 ⁇ 60° counterclockwise to drive the clutch to move axially, and the clutch will disconnect the driving shaft to the pinion gear. It can only rotate 20 ⁇ 60° counterclockwise, so there will be no handwheel rotation when it is quickly relieved.
  • the chain is moved by gravity, and the gear is driven by the large gear to rotate relative to the driving shaft, thereby achieving the mitigation operation.
  • mitigating as the large gear rotates clockwise, the stop III rotates with the rotation of the large gear, and the torsion spring does not move at this time. When the large gear rotates one turn, the end of one end of the torsion spring is engaged by the retaining post III.
  • the torsion spring rotates counterclockwise with the large gear under the driving of the retaining post III.
  • the large gear continues to rotate for one week, the end of the other end of the torsion spring is engaged by the stopper I, and the large gear rotates for two weeks (the chain discharge amount is about 500 mm).
  • the retaining column I is fixedly disposed on the guide plate.
  • the torsion spring drives the stopper 4 to rotate the guide plate 4 clockwise.
  • the stopper II fixed to the bottom plate moves relative to the guide 4 to rotate counterclockwise in the groove of the guide 4.
  • the guide plate 4 is blocked by the stopper column II.
  • the rivet of the fixed chain is on the same horizontal line as the winding chain shaft, and the chain is prevented from sagging naturally due to gravity, so that the center of the chain does not have a lateral offset distance from the center of the winding chain shaft.
  • the center distance between the drive shaft of the hand brake and the chain end chain of the hand brake is increased by 47 mm, and the hand brake is loaded, and on the premise that the hand wheel does not interfere with the windshield of the passenger car,
  • the lateral offset of the center of the chain end chain and the center of the chain end of the pulley is reduced to 53mm, which not only avoids the interference of the chain and the moving pulley when the hand brake is braked, but also affects the performance of the hand brake, and the visual effect is also more it is good.
  • connection between the end shaft of the hand brake and the drive shaft is positioned by the elastic cylindrical pin. Compared with the welding method of the existing hand brake, it is more advantageous for the maintenance of the active shaft composition.
  • the improved hand brake can still ensure the performance of the truck hand brake system after properly adjusting its seat position (avoiding interference with the passenger car windshield).
  • the hand brake is improved and the pre-reduction rate is maintained. Consistent.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a hand brake in the present application
  • Figure 2 is a second schematic structural view of the hand brake in the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a limit device in a hand brake of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the base of the hand brake in the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a second structural schematic view of the base of the hand brake in the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view showing the structure of a driving shaft in the hand brake of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a second structural schematic view of the structure of the driving shaft in the hand brake of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the state of the chain in the mitigating state of the prior hand brake
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the state of the chain in the state of relief of the hand brake in the present application.
  • Figure 12 is an exploded view of the handle device of the hand brake of the present application.
  • a hand brake comprising a hand wheel 4, a chain 5, a casing 1 and a drive shaft 3, a large gear 13 and a base 6 disposed in the casing 1, the hand wheel 4 being connected to the drive shaft assembly 3,
  • One end of the chain 5 is fixed to the large gear 13 by a rivet 15, and the main shaft of the large gear 13 is a winding chain shaft 2.
  • the drive shaft composition 3 is composed of a drive shaft 16, a key wheel 17, a clutch 18, a ratchet 19, a pinion 20, and an end shaft 21 which are sequentially arranged.
  • the hand wheel 4 is disposed at one end of the drive shaft 16 and is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft 16.
  • the large gear 13 is located near one end of the pinion gear 20 and is meshed with the pinion gear 20.
  • the connection between the hand brake end shaft 21 and the drive shaft 16 is adjusted by the elastic cylindrical pin to facilitate the disassembly of the active shaft.
  • the casing 1 is further provided with a functional handle 14, a lance 27, a lancet pin 28 and a lancet seat 29, the functional handle 14 and the lancet pin 28 are fixedly connected, and the lance 27 is rotatably fixed to the spine by the lancet seat 29.
  • a weight 30 is also provided on the side of the ratchet pin 28 on which the lancet seat 29 is remote from the lance 27. The knuckle 27 snaps between the adjacent gears of the ratchet 19, thereby effecting a clockwise rotation of the ratchet 19 with the drive shaft 16 while preventing counterclockwise rotation of the ratchet 19.
  • the hand brake further includes a limit device that is disposed on the winder shaft 2 between the large gear 13 and the base 22.
  • the limiting device comprises a bearing I 10 , a torsion spring 11 , a guide plate 9 and a guide plate seat 23 .
  • the torsion spring 11 is sleeved on the outer side of the bearing I 10
  • the torsion spring seat 12 is disposed on the torsion spring 11 near the large gear 13 .
  • the guide 9 and the guide seat 23 are sequentially disposed on the side of the torsion spring 11 close to the base 22.
  • the side of the torsion spring seat 12 facing the torsion spring 11 is fixedly provided with a stopper III III.
  • the side of the guide plate 9 facing the torsion spring 11 is fixedly provided with a blocking column I8, and the base 22 faces the guide plate seat 23.
  • a stop II 26 is fixed on one side. Both ends of the torsion spring 11 are curved hooks, and the guide plate 9 and the guide plate seat 23 are both annular structures; the guide plate 9 is further provided with an arc-shaped groove extending through the guide plate 9, The width of the groove is not less than the diameter of the stopper II 26, the arc length of the groove is not more than three-quarters of the circumference of the arc where the groove is located, and the guide seat 23 is matched with the stopper II 26 The hole II, the retaining post II 26 rotates through the guide plate seat 23 through the hole and rotates in the arcuate groove.
  • a bearing II 25 is further disposed on the base 23, and the bearing II 25 is disposed on the base 23 through a bearing housing 24, and the outer side of the bearing housing 24 is a guide seat 23.
  • the thickness of the guide seat is 4 mm, and the thickness of the guide is 6 mm.
  • the material of the torsion spring 11 is 65 Mn; the number of windings of the torsion spring 11 is 4 turns, and the wire diameter of the torsion spring 11 is 5 mm.
  • the torsion spring 11 is engaged with the stopper post III 7 near the one end 11a of the torsion spring seat 23, and the torsion spring 11 is engaged with the stopper post I 8 near the one end 11b of the guide plate 9.
  • the height H 3 of the stopper III 7 is 5 mm
  • the height H 2 of the stopper II 26 is 9 mm
  • the height H 1 of the stopper I 8 is 5 mm.
  • the large gear adopts a limit structure.
  • the center of the chain and the center of the chain shaft have With a lateral distance of 47 mm, the existing hand brakes naturally sag based on gravity due to the lack of a limit device, so that the center of the chain does not have a lateral offset distance from the center of the chain guide shaft.
  • the improved hand brake can still ensure the performance of the truck hand brake system after properly adjusting its seat position (avoiding interference with the passenger car windshield). After the hand brake is improved, it is consistent with the pre-reduction magnification.
  • the distance between the hand brake main shaft and the center line of the chain end shaft chain is 40 mm or more larger than before the improvement.
  • the number of windings of the torsion spring 11 is three, and the wire diameter of the torsion spring 11 is 6 mm.
  • the height H 3 of the retaining post III 7 is 10 mm, the height H 2 of the retaining post II 26 is 7 mm, and the height H 1 of the retaining post I 8 is 6 mm.
  • the number of windings of the torsion spring 11 is 5 turns, and the wire diameter of the torsion spring 11 is 4 mm.
  • the height H 3 of the retaining post III 7 is 6 mm, the height H 2 of the retaining post II 26 is 10 mm, and the height H 1 of the retaining post I 8 is 14 mm.
  • the number of windings of the torsion spring 11 is six, and the diameter of the torsion spring 11 is 4 mm.
  • the height H 3 of the retaining post III 7 is 8 mm, the height H 2 of the retaining post II 26 is 8 mm, and the height H 1 of the retaining post I 8 is 8 mm.

Abstract

一种手制动机，包括手轮（4）、链条（5）、箱壳（1）以及设置在箱壳（1）内的主动轴组成（3）、大齿轮（13）和底座组成，手轮（4）与主动轴组成（3）相连，链条（5）的一端通过铆钉固定在大齿轮（13）上，大齿轮（13）的主轴为卷链轴（2）。手制动机还包括设置在大齿轮（13）和底座（22）之间的卷链轴（2）上的限位装置，限位装置包括轴承I（10）、扭簧（11）、导板（9）和导板座（23），扭簧（11）套在轴承I（10）的外侧。扭簧座（12）面向扭簧（11）的一侧固定设有挡柱III（7），导板（9）面向扭簧（11）的一侧固定设有挡柱I（8），底座（22）面向导板座（23）的一侧固定设有挡柱II（26），挡柱II（26）通过孔贯穿导板座（23）后在导板（9）的圆弧状凹槽中旋转。手制动机的主动轴（16）与卷链轴（2）端链条（5）的中心距增大了47mm，手制动机装车后，不但避免了手制动机制动时，链条与动滑轮干涉而影响手制动机的使用性能，同时视觉效果也更好。

Description

手制动机 技术领域
本发明属于机械领域，具体涉及一种手制动机。
背景技术
手制动机是指装在车辆制动装置上，以人力作为制动原动力的机构，主要应用于铁路货车上。当铁路货车进行调车作业或车辆停放时，以人力为制动原动力，操作手制动机，手制动机将产生制动力，这一制动力通过基础制动装置传递至闸瓦，使闸瓦贴靠车轮，产生制动作用。普遍采用的手制动机一般包括手轮、链条、箱壳以及设置在箱壳内的主动轴组成、大齿轮和底座，手轮与主动轴组成相连，所述链条的一端固定在大齿轮上，另一端则通过手制动拉杆与设置在制动车辆底部的定滑轮相连。制动时，手轮通过主动轴带动小齿轮顺时针旋转，进而带动大齿轮逆时针旋转，棘轮与棘舌相对转动。随着大齿轮的转动，链条缠绕在大齿轮的主轴上，以此向基础制动装置中的拉杆施加制动力。该手制动机工作时，小齿轮通过离合器与主动轴相连，此时转动手轮，主动轴随之转动，当操作人员放开手轮时，由于链条受到的重力作用，棘轮具有反向转动的趋势，但由于棘舌的阻挡作用，棘轮将无法转动，也就促使链条无法移动，以此保持制动作用。当需要进行缓解时，操作离合器，使得小齿轮与主动轴分离，此时链条受到重力后运动，其通过大齿轮带动小齿轮相对于主动轴转动，进而实现缓解操作。然而，这种手制动机存在一些问题：(1)敞篷车车辆与货车连挂时，普遍存在手制动机手轮与客车风挡的干涉现象；(2)链条-手制动杆与定滑轮的轮槽不在一条直线上，设计不合理，不但不美观，而且传动效率低，容易导致定滑轮和手制动杆的磨损。
为了解决手制动机的手轮与客车风挡的干涉问题，现有的手制动机需横向向车辆外侧位偏移125mm以上，这将导致卷链轴端的链条中心与车下定滑轮端的链条中心之间产生约100mm的横向偏移；然而由于空间所限，车下定滑轮只能向外侧偏移50mm。因此100mm的偏移容易造成手制动机制动时，链条与箱壳卡滞，链条与动滑轮干涉，影响手制动机的使用性能，同时也会使因偏移过大导致定滑轮的传动效率减小，视觉效果不好的问题更加严重。通过对敞、棚车及手制动机本身的结构研究分析，单靠调整手制动机在车辆端墙上的安装位置来解决手制动机手轮与客车风挡干涉的问题，不能很好的保证货车手制动系统的使用性能要求，需要对NSW型手制动机本身进行结构改进。
发明内容
本发明针对手制动机存在的上述问题，提供了一种具备限位装置的手制动机。
本发明的技术方案是：手制动机，包括手轮、链条、箱壳以及设置在箱壳内的主动轴组成、大齿轮和底座组成，手轮与主动轴组成相连，链条的一端通过铆钉固定在大齿轮上，大齿轮的主轴为卷链轴。链条的另一端通过手制动拉杆与设置在制动车辆底部的定滑轮相连。主动轴组成由依次排布的主动轴、键轮、离合器、棘轮、小齿轮和端轴组成。手轮设置在靠近主动轴的一端并与主动轴固定相连，大齿轮位于靠近小齿轮的一端并与小齿轮啮合相连。手制动机端轴与主动轴之间的连接采用弹性圆柱销定位，不再采用NSW型手制动机的焊接方式，更有利于主动轴组成分解的检修。
箱壳上还设有功能手柄、棘舌、棘舌销和棘舌座，功能手柄和棘舌销固定相连，棘舌通过棘舌座可转动的固定在棘舌销上，棘舌销远离棘舌的一侧还设有配重块。棘舌卡扣在棘轮相邻齿轮之间，从而实现了棘轮在主动轴带动下进行顺时针的转动，同时阻止了棘轮的逆时针转动。
手制动机还包括限位装置，限位装置设置在大齿轮和底座之间的卷链轴上；底座与限位装置配合的部位加深以容纳限位装置。限位装置包括轴承I、扭簧、导板和导板座，扭簧套在轴承I的外侧，扭簧座设置在扭簧靠近大齿轮的一侧，导板和导板座依次设置在扭簧靠近底座的一侧。扭簧座面向扭簧的一侧固定设有挡柱III，导板面向扭簧的一侧固定设有挡柱I，底座面向导板座的一侧固定设有挡柱II。扭簧的两端的端头均为弯曲的钩状，导板和导板座均为圆环形结构。导板上还设有贯穿导板的圆弧状凹槽，凹槽的宽度不小于挡柱II的直径，凹槽的弧长不大于四分之三的周长，导板座上设有与挡柱II匹配的孔，挡柱II通过所述孔贯穿导板座后在所述圆弧状凹槽中旋转。
扭簧的材质为65Mn；扭簧的缠绕圈数为N圈，3≤N≤6；扭簧的线径为r，4mm≤r≤6mm；扭簧的两个钩状端头贯穿在同一纵向轴上，即两个钩状端头之间的距离为N整圈。
扭簧靠近扭簧座的一端与挡柱III卡接，扭簧靠近导板的一端与挡柱I卡接；卡接即扭簧端部弯曲的钩状卡在对应的挡柱上。挡柱III的高度为H3，挡柱II的高度为H2，挡柱I的高度为H1；r≤H3≤(N-1)*r，r≤H1≤(N-1)*r，H2大于导板座的厚度，不大于导板和导板座的厚度之和，扭簧的一端只与挡柱III卡接，而扭簧的另一端只与挡柱I卡接，同时挡柱II不会与扭簧卡接。
本发明的工作原理：
(1)制动功能：将功能手柄置于“常用”位置，顺时针方向旋转手轮，带动主动轴上的键轮转动，通过离合器将扭矩传递到小齿轮上，小齿轮带动大齿轮转动，实现制动功能。
(2)快速缓解功能：在制动状态下，逆时针方向旋转手轮约20～60°，带动离合器轴向 运动，离合器将主动轴至小齿轮的传动断开，实现快速缓解功能。逆时针方向只能旋转20～60°，因此快速缓解时不会有手轮跟转的情况发生。
(3)调力功能：功能手柄置于“调力”位置，此时手制动机内部的棘舌不起作用，顺时针方向旋转手轮，带动主动轴上的键轮转动，通过离合器将扭矩传递到小齿轮上，小齿轮带动大齿轮转动，可以实现制动。根据需要，通过手轮的逆时针转动可减少制动力，顺时针转动手轮可增加制动力，从而实现调力功能。
改进前，在重力作用下，手制动机完全缓解状态时链条将处在如图10所示的位置状态。改进后，通过在大齿轮后方设置限位装置，手制动机完全缓解时链条处在如图11所示的位置状态。完全缓解状态下，手制动机链条改进后比改进向右偏移了47mm。
制动过程：初始缓解位置时，链条位于图11所示的位置。此时，扭簧的一端限位于挡柱I处，另一端限位于挡柱III处，与挡柱I相连的导板限位于挡柱II处。实施制动时，手轮顺时针旋转，通过主动轴带动键轮转动，进而通过离合器带动小齿轮顺时针转动。小齿轮与大齿轮啮合，从而带动大齿轮逆时针方向旋转。由于挡柱III固定设置在大齿轮上，因此，挡柱III随大齿轮的转动而转动，此时扭簧不动。当大齿轮旋转一圈后，扭簧一端的端头被挡柱III挡住，此时扭簧在挡柱III的带动下随大齿轮一起逆时针旋转。当大齿轮继续旋转一周后，扭簧另一端的端头被挡柱I挡住，此时大齿轮共计旋转两周(链条卷入量约500mm)。由于挡柱I固定设置在导板上，因此，随着大齿轮的继续旋转，扭簧通过带动挡柱I而带动导板4逆时针旋转。此时，固定在底板上的挡柱II与导板4相对运动，从而在导板4的凹槽内顺时针旋转。挡柱II在导板4的凹槽内最多旋转如图7所示的四分之三圈后，导板4被挡柱II挡住。此时再继续旋转，扭簧将产生扭力阻碍制动实施。
如上所述，本申请中的手制动机实施制动时，限位装置可以保证大齿轮旋转二又四分之三圈内(卷入量可达到800mm以上)，扭簧不产生反向阻碍作用。而目前常用的手制动机设计最大卷入量仅为458mm，因此该限位结构的设计完全满足手制动机正常的制动使用要求。
缓解过程：在制动状态下，逆时针方向旋转手轮约20～60°，带动离合器轴向运动，离合器将主动轴至小齿轮的传动断开。逆时针方向只能旋转20～60°，因此快速缓解时不会有手轮跟转的情况发生。链条受到重力后运动，其通过大齿轮带动小齿轮相对于主动轴转动，进而实现缓解操作。缓解时，随着大齿轮的顺时针旋转，挡柱III随大齿轮的转动而转动，此时扭簧不动。当大齿轮旋转一圈后，扭簧一端的端头被挡柱III卡接，此时扭簧在挡柱III的带动下随大齿轮一起逆时针旋转。当大齿轮继续旋转一周后，扭簧另一端的端头被挡柱I卡接，此时大齿轮共计旋转两周(链条放出量约500mm)。由于挡柱I固定设置在导板上，因此， 随着大齿轮的继续旋转，扭簧通过带动挡柱I而带动导板4顺时针旋转。此时，固定在底板上的挡柱II与导板4相对运动，从而在导板4的凹槽内逆时针旋转。挡柱II在导板4的凹槽内旋转至凹槽端部后，导板4被挡柱II挡住。从而实现了固定链条的铆钉与卷链轴在同一水平线上，而避免了链条基于重力作用自然下垂，导致链条中心与卷链轴中心没有横向偏移距离。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本申请所述的手制动机的主动轴与卷链轴端链条的中心距增大了47mm，手制动机装车后，在保证手轮不与客车风挡干涉的前提下，卷链轴端链条中心与车下定滑轮端链条中心横向偏移减小到53mm，不但避免了手制动机制动时，链条与动滑轮干涉而影响手制动机的使用性能，同时视觉效果也更好。
(2)手制动机端轴与主动轴之间的连接采用弹性圆柱销定位，与现有手制动机的焊接方式相比，更有利于主动轴组成分解的检修。
(3)改进后的手制动机可以在适当调整其安装座位置(避免与客车风挡干涉)后，仍能保证货车手制动系统的使用性能，手制动机改进后与改进前倍率保持一致。
附图说明
图1是本申请中手制动机的结构示意图之一；
图2是本申请中手制动机的结构示意图之二；
图3是本申请中手制动机中限位装置的结构示意图之一；
图4是图3中沿A-A面的剖面结构示意图；
图5是本申请中手制动机中底座组成的结构示意图之一；
图6是图5中沿A-A面的剖面结构示意图；
图7是本申请中手制动机中底座组成的结构示意图之二；
图8是本申请中手制动机中主动轴组成的结构示意图之一；
图9是本申请中手制动机中主动轴组成的结构示意图之二；
图10是现有手制动机缓解状态下的链条状态示意图；
图11是本申请中手制动机缓解状态下的链条状态示意图；
图12是本申请中手制动机的手柄装置分解图。
其中：1箱壳，2卷链轴，3主动轴组成，4手轮，5链条，6底板，7挡柱III，8挡柱I，9导板，10轴承I，11扭簧，12扭簧座，13大齿轮，14手柄，15铆钉，16主动轴，17键轮，18离合器，19棘轮，20小齿轮，21端轴，22底座，23导板座，24轴承座，25轴承II，26 挡柱II，27棘舌，28棘舌销，29棘舌座，30配重块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请做进一步的说明。
实施例1：
手制动机，包括手轮4、链条5、箱壳1以及设置在箱壳1内的主动轴组成3、大齿轮13和底座组成6，所述手轮4与主动轴组成3相连，所述链条5的一端通过铆钉15固定在大齿轮13上，所述大齿轮13的主轴为卷链轴2。主动轴组成3由依次排布的主动轴16、键轮17、离合器18、棘轮19、小齿轮20和端轴21组成。手轮4设置在靠近主动轴16的一端并与主动轴16固定相连，大齿轮13位于靠近小齿轮20的一端并与小齿轮20啮合相连。手制动机端轴21与主动轴16之间的连接采用弹性圆柱销定位有利于主动轴组成分解的检修。
箱壳1上还设有功能手柄14、棘舌27、棘舌销28和棘舌座29，功能手柄14和棘舌销28固定相连，棘舌27通过棘舌座29可转动的固定在棘舌销28上，棘舌销28上棘舌座29远离棘舌27的一侧还设有配重块30。棘舌27卡扣在棘轮19相邻的齿轮之间，从而实现了棘轮19在主动轴16带动下进行顺时针的转动，同时阻止了棘轮19的逆时针转动。
手制动机还包括限位装置，所述限位装置设置在大齿轮13和底座22之间的卷链轴2上。所述限位装置包括轴承I 10、扭簧11、导板9和导板座23，所述扭簧11套在轴承I 10的外侧，所述扭簧座12设置在扭簧11靠近大齿轮13的一侧，所述导板9和导板座23依次设置在扭簧11靠近底座22的一侧。所述扭簧座12面向扭簧11的一侧固定设有挡柱III 7，所述导板9面向扭簧11的一侧固定设有挡柱I 8，所述底座22面向导板座23的一侧固定设有挡柱II 26。所述扭簧11的两端均为弯曲的钩状，所述导板9和导板座23均为圆环形结构；所述导板9上还设有贯穿导板9的圆弧状凹槽，所述凹槽的宽度不小于挡柱II 26的直径，所述凹槽的弧长不大于凹槽所在圆弧的周长的四分之三，所述导板座23上设有与挡柱II 26匹配的孔，所述挡柱II 26通过所述孔贯穿导板座23后在所述圆弧状凹槽中旋转。所述底座23上还设有轴承II 25，所述轴承II 25通过轴承座24设置在底座23上，所述轴承座24的外侧为导板座23。所述导板座的厚度为4mm，所述导板的厚度为6mm。
所述扭簧11的材质为65Mn；所述扭簧11的缠绕圈数为4圈，所述扭簧11的线径为5mm。所述扭簧11靠近扭簧座23的一端11a与挡柱III 7卡接，所述扭簧11靠近导板9的一端11b与挡柱I 8卡接。所述挡柱III 7的高度H3为5mm，所述挡柱II 26的高度H2为9mm，所述挡柱I 8的高度H1为5mm。
由于手制动机改进后大齿轮采用限位结构，自由状态下，链条中心与卷链轴中心具有 47mm的横向距离，而现有的手制动机由于缺乏限位装置，链条基于重力作用自然下垂，因此链条中心与卷链轴中心没有横向偏移距离。
改进后的手制动机可以在适当调整其安装座位置(避免与客车风挡干涉)后，仍能保证货车手制动系统的使用性能。手制动机改进后与改进前倍率保持一致，手制动机主动轴与卷链轴端链条中心线之间的距离比改进前大40mm以上。
表1本申请与现有手制动机的技术参数对比
Figure PCTCN2015074374-appb-000001
实施例2：
与实施例1不同的是，所述扭簧11的缠绕圈数为3圈，所述扭簧11的线径为6mm。所述挡柱III 7的高度H3为10mm，所述挡柱II 26的高度H2为7mm，所述挡柱I 8的高度H1为6mm。实施例3：
与实施例1不同的是，所述扭簧11的缠绕圈数为5圈，所述扭簧11的线径为4mm。所述挡柱III 7的高度H3为6mm，所述挡柱II 26的高度H2为10mm，所述挡柱I 8的高度H1为14mm。
实施例4：
与实施例1不同的是，所述扭簧11的缠绕圈数为6圈，所述扭簧11的线径为4mm。所述挡柱III 7的高度H3为8mm，所述挡柱II 26的高度H2为8mm，所述挡柱I 8的高度H1为8mm。

Claims (8)

  1. 手制动机，包括手轮(4)、链条(5)、箱壳(1)以及设置在箱壳(1)内的主动轴组成(3)、大齿轮(13)和底座组成(6)，所述手轮(4)与主动轴组成(3)相连，所述链条(5)的一端固定在大齿轮(13)上，所述大齿轮(13)的主轴为卷链轴(2)，其特征在于：还包括限位装置，所述限位装置设置在大齿轮(13)和底座(22)之间的卷链轴(2)上；所述限位装置包括轴承I(10)、扭簧(11)、导板(9)和导板座(23)，所述扭簧(11)套在轴承I(10)的外侧，所述扭簧座(12)设置在扭簧(11)靠近大齿轮(13)的一侧，所述导板(9)和导板座(23)依次设置在扭簧(11)靠近底座(22)的一侧；所述扭簧座(12)面向扭簧(11)的一侧固定设有挡柱III(7)，所述导板(9)面向扭簧(11)的一侧固定设有挡柱I(8)，所述底座(22)面向导板座(23)的一侧固定设有挡柱II(26)；所述扭簧(11)的两端均为弯曲的钩状，所述导板(9)和导板座(23)均为圆环形结构；所述导板(9)上还设有贯穿导板(9)的圆弧状凹槽，所述导板座(23)上设有与挡柱II(26)匹配的孔，所述挡柱II(26)通过所述孔贯穿导板座(23)后在所述圆弧状凹槽中旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述扭簧(11)的材质为65Mn；所述扭簧(11)的缠绕圈数为N圈，3≤N≤6；所述扭簧(11)的线径为r，4mm≤r≤6mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的手动制动机，其特征在于：所述扭簧(11)靠近扭簧座(23)的一端(11a)与挡柱III(7)卡接，所述扭簧(11)靠近导板(9)的一端(11b)与挡柱I(8)卡接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述挡柱III(7)的高度为H3,，所述挡柱II(26)的高度为H2，所述挡柱I(8)的高度为H1；r≤H3≤(N-1)*r，r≤H1≤(N-1)*r，所述H2大于导板座(23)的厚度，不大于导板(9)和导板座(23)的厚度之和。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述凹槽的宽度不小于挡柱II(26)的直径，所述凹槽的弧长不大于凹槽所属圆弧周长的四分之三。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述主动轴组成(3)由依次排布的主动轴(16)、键轮(17)、离合器(18)、棘轮(19)、小齿轮(20)和端轴(21)组成；所述手轮(4)设置在靠近主动轴(16)的一端并与主动轴(16)固定相连，所述大齿轮(13)位于靠近小齿轮(20)的一端并与小齿轮(20)啮合相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述端轴(21)与主动轴(16)之间的连接采用弹性圆柱销定位。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的手制动机，其特征在于：所述箱壳(1)上还设有功能手柄(14)、棘舌(27)、棘舌销(28)和棘舌座(29)，所述功能手柄(14)和棘舌销(28)固定相连， 所述棘舌(27)通过棘舌座(29)可转动的限定在棘舌销(28)上。
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CN112829788B (zh) * 2019-11-22 2022-07-26 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 手制动机及轨道车辆
CN112278002B (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-11-09 中车成都机车车辆有限公司 手制动拉杆系统及车辆
CN112398273A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 南通市久正人体工学股份有限公司 一种具有单向刹车止锁功能的升降驱动装置
CN113079827B (zh) * 2021-03-03 2022-07-01 重庆家户农机有限公司 一种小型收割机换向操控机构

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US9828009B2 (en) 2017-11-28
EP3059138B1 (en) 2017-08-16
JP2017503119A (ja) 2017-01-26
EP3059138A4 (en) 2016-10-19
EP3059138A1 (en) 2016-08-24
CN103963800B (zh) 2015-04-15
CN103963800A (zh) 2014-08-06
WO2015176497A1 (zh) 2015-11-26
RU2615583C1 (ru) 2017-04-05
JP6158441B2 (ja) 2017-07-05

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