WO2015172615A1 - 乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法 - Google Patents

乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172615A1
WO2015172615A1 PCT/CN2015/076071 CN2015076071W WO2015172615A1 WO 2015172615 A1 WO2015172615 A1 WO 2015172615A1 CN 2015076071 W CN2015076071 W CN 2015076071W WO 2015172615 A1 WO2015172615 A1 WO 2015172615A1
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Prior art keywords
mud
hydraulic
soil
bare
gear
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PCT/CN2015/076071
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English (en)
French (fr)
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葛瑞杰
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葛瑞杰
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of forestry machinery, in particular to a bare-tree fixed-bar spray-grinding machine for large-area mechanical afforestation of barren hills, deserts, Gobi and the like, and a using method thereof.
  • Greening barren hills, deserts, Gobi, deserts, etc. need to be mixed and mixed in semi-arid and arid regions, with local native tree species (such as Salix, poplar, Caragana, etc.) and drought-resistant grass seeds (such as Sha Dawang, Caotun , licorice, etc.), with the concept of semi-arid and arid drought to achieve sand control, sand control, sand fixation, sand energy development sand industry.
  • local native tree species such as Salix, poplar, Caragana, etc.
  • drought-resistant grass seeds such as Sha Dawang, Caotun , licorice, etc.
  • Locking water is one of the most urgent problems to be solved. It is necessary to coat the surface of the shrubs with a layer of mud to prevent water loss. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the angle between the planted species and the topsoil. It can be compacted while planting, increasing the light area, which is conducive to rooting, increase the rooting rate, and further increase the survival rate.
  • the present invention provides a shrub-bone root-fixing shotcrete planting machine, in particular, a Q-supplement capable of efficiently and quickly planting in barren hills, deserts, Gobi, deserts, etc. Shrub bare root fixed-shot spray planting machine and method of use.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a shrub shrub fixed-rod shotcreting plant comprising a sequentially connected front end, a body and a tail, the front end of which is provided with a liquid crystal operating platform; a mud generating assembly comprising a separate water tank and a mud tank connected to the water tank, a rear of the body is provided with a seedling pushing assembly, the seedling pushing assembly comprising a first hydraulic pressure near the front side of the vehicle a telescopic arm and one or more shaped dispensers disposed behind the first hydraulic telescopic arm; the front upper end of the tail is provided with a sprayer of the same number as the shaped dispenser, the sprayer and The mud generating components are connected, and the rear of the tail is provided with the same number of planting assemblies as the shaped dispenser, the planting assembly comprising an elastic conveyor belt extending from above to below, connected to the bottom end of the elastic conveyor belt An angle adjuster and a hydraulic deep plough located below the elastic conveyor belt and the angle adjuster, and the hydraulic deep plough is provided
  • the mud generating assembly further includes a soil pulverizer and a soil conveying pipe, the soil pulverizer including a feeding port and a soil pulverizing grinding disc disposed under the feeding port, and the bottom of the soil pulverizing grinding disc
  • the soil conveying pipe is connected, and the earth conveying pipe is provided with a transmission shaft penetrating the soil conveying pipe, and the earth conveying pipe extends from the bottom to the bottom and is in communication with the mud groove.
  • a mud agitating shaft is disposed in the mud tank, and the soil crushing disc comprises one or more layers of grinding discs.
  • the mud generating assembly further includes a mud pressure pump and a piston connected to the mud pressure pump, the mud pressure pump and the mud tank are connected by a mud input pipe, and the piston passes through the first mud
  • the output pipe is connected to the mud tank, the first mud output pipe is connected with the water tank through a water pipe, and the mud pressure pump is connected to the spray gun through a second mud output pipe.
  • the sprayer includes a third mud output pipe and a spray nozzle disposed at a free end of the third mud output pipe, and the sprayer passes through the third mud output pipe and the mud generating component connection.
  • the shaped dispenser includes a profiled cam having one or more recesses open therein.
  • the shrubbery bare-rod spray-grinding machine further includes a wheel drive assembly for controlling the rotation of the profiled cam, the wheel drive assembly including a chuck fixedly coupled to the wheel, a wheel rotating gear,
  • the hydraulic transmission gear and the odd-numbered doser having the same number as the shaped dispenser rotate the gear
  • the wheel-rotating gear includes a disk end and a tapered gear end, and the disk end and the chuck are interlocked by a belt
  • the hydraulic transmission gear includes a hydraulic tapered gear end and a hydraulic circumferential vertical gear, the hydraulic tapered gear end meshes with the tapered gear end, and the shaped tractor rotating gear includes the hydraulic circumferential direction a connecting gear that meshes with the vertical gear and a transmission gear that is coaxial with the connecting gear, and the connecting gear is coupled to the profiled cam and drives the profiled cam to rotate.
  • the shaped dispenser and the transmission gear are plural, and the plurality of transmission gears are interlocked by a belt.
  • the hydraulic deep plough includes a ploughshare and two second hydraulic telescopic arms, two long telescopic arms and two short telescopic arms that control both sides of the plough head, and the upper end of the second hydraulic telescopic arm is fixed a lower end of the second hydraulic telescopic arm is connected to a tail end of the long telescopic arm, and a first end of the long telescopic arm is fixed on the frame and located below the second hydraulic telescopic arm
  • One end of the short telescopic arm is pivotally connected to a tail end of the long telescopic arm, and the other end of the short telescopic arm is pivotally connected to the plow head.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for using a shrub shrub bare root shotcrete planting machine provided by the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
  • the water and mud powder is produced by the mud generating component in a weight ratio of 0.38-0.55 to prepare a muddy water mixture for use;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-bar spray-grinding machine provided by the invention and the method for using the same, so as to insert the bare-rooted fixed-tree shrub and shrub, such as sand willow, poplar and lemon While wrapping a layer of mud to retain water, the strip increases the light area, increases the rooting rate, improves the survival rate, and efficiently and quickly completes the shrub bare root setting.
  • the shrub shrub bare root shotcrete planter and the method of using the same can bring at least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant provided by the present invention pushes the shrubs into the elastic conveyor belt through the hydraulic return valve from the first hydraulic telescopic arm near the front side of the vehicle (ie, the front end of the bucket), and the elastic conveyor belt Because it has springs, it can accept the passage of different diameters of shrubs and shrubs, so it is widely used;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine controls the seedling quantity by one or more shaped dispensers disposed behind the first hydraulic telescopic arm behind the vehicle body, and automatically adjusts the individual plant through the elastic conveyor belt. Spacing, through the guiding grooves on the hydraulic deep plough to plant the shrubs one by one to the specified depth;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine controls the height of the long telescopic arm, the short telescopic arm and the elastic conveyor belt of the hydraulic deep plough by the second hydraulic telescopic arm, thereby controlling the planting depth, so that the planting depth has A certain range to meet the needs of different users;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine provided by the invention has a sprayer disposed at the front end of the rear end of the tail to spray the surface of the shrub and shrub, and preserves the internal moisture to achieve the purpose of locking water and increasing the rooting rate. To further increase the survival rate;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine provided by the invention has an angle adjuster at the bottom end of the elastic conveyor belt, which can adjust the angle of the planted species and the topsoil, increase the illumination area, and improve the rooting. Rate, further increase the survival rate;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed rod spraying and planting machine provided by the invention has a flat soil plate at the rear of the hydraulic deep plough, and uses its own curvature to compact the soil, increase the density and increase the rooting rate;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine provided by the invention has a mud pressure pump at the bottom end of the front part of the bucket, which is pumped from the mud tank by the piston, and then sent to the spray gun, and can also be pumped from the water tank through the piston. The water is transferred to the sprayer to complete the automatic cleaning work to prevent the mud from being clogged after drying;
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spraying and planting machine provided by the invention adopts a liquid crystal operating platform, so that the user can complete the control of various equipments for planting work in the front cab, and is more simple and convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a stereoscopic structure of a shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the structure of the front and the body of the shrubbery bare-rod spray-grinding machine shown in Figure 1 (including a hydraulic tank, a water tank and a mud tank);
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the hydraulic return valve
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a mud transfer structure
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of mud transfer
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view showing a part of the structure of the body of the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant shown in Figure 1 (including a shaped dispenser);
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of the structure of the mud generating assembly (including a soil pulverizer);
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of an elastic conveyor belt
  • Figure 9 is a schematic plan view showing the elastic belt
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a wheel drive assembly of a shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a partial structural view (including a spray gun and a partial elastic conveyor belt) of the body of the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic enlarged view showing the sprayer
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the vehicle bottom of the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 14 is a partial structural view (including a flat soil plate, an angle adjuster and a hydraulic deep plough) of the tail of the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 15 is a side sectional view showing the hydraulic gear
  • Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view showing a hydraulic gear
  • Figure 17 is a side perspective view showing the hydraulic gear
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a shrub and shrub bare root fixed-shot spray planting machine (hereinafter referred to as “the planting machine”), which can efficiently and quickly in the barren hills, Green vegetation is planted in deserts, Gobi, and deserts.
  • the planting machine a shrub and shrub bare root fixed-shot spray planting machine
  • a shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant includes a first connected front end 1, a body 2 and a rear end, and the first head 1 is provided with a liquid crystal operating platform 4; the front side of the body 2 is provided a mud generating assembly comprising a separate water tank 6 and a mud tank 7 connected to the water tank 6, the rear of the body 2 being provided with a seedling pushing assembly comprising a first body adjacent to the front side of the vehicle head 1
  • the hydraulic telescopic arm 11 and one or more different ones disposed behind the first hydraulic telescopic arm 11 The type of the metering device; the front end of the tail is provided with the same number of sprayers 17 as the above-mentioned shaped dispenser, and the sprayer 17 is connected with the mud generating assembly, and the rear of the tail is provided with the number of the shaped dispensers
  • the same planting assembly includes an elastic conveyor belt 14 extending from above to below, an angle adjuster 18 coupled to the bottom end of the elastic conveyor belt 14, and a hydraulic deep
  • the planting machine further includes a video monitoring system including the liquid crystal operating platform 4 and a video monitor disposed at an upper front end of the vehicle, the video monitor operating the sprayer 17 and
  • the planting condition of the bare rooted shrubs to be planted is transmitted to the liquid crystal operating platform 4, and the user can judge and work on the above-mentioned sprayer 17 through the above-mentioned liquid crystal operating platform 4 according to the influence of the video monitor.
  • the planting situation of bare rooted trees and shrubs was controlled and adjusted.
  • the seedling pushing assembly of the planter further includes a first conveyor belt 12 disposed under the first hydraulic telescopic arm 11, and a plurality of pulleys 33 uniformly distributed under the first conveyor belt 12; 2 and FIG. 3, the first hydraulic telescopic arm 11 is provided with a hydraulic return valve 23, and an output oil pipe 21 and an input oil pipe 22 are connected to the hydraulic return valve 23, and the first hydraulic telescopic arm 11 passes through the hydraulic return valve 23 described above.
  • the output oil pipe 21 and the input oil pipe 22 are capable of performing repeated telescopic movements; the bare tree stems to be planted are placed vertically into the body 2 of the planting machine, through the first conveyor belt 12, the pulley 33 and the first hydraulic pressure.
  • the telescopic arm 11 automatically pushes the bare-tree fixed shrubs to be uniformly transferred into the above-mentioned shaped dispenser, and then pushes into the elastic conveyor belt 14.
  • the angle adjuster 18 is manually adjusted and/or automatically adjusted, and is manually adjusted and/or automatically adjusted to achieve an ideal position, thereby adjusting the angle of the species to be planted and the topsoil, increasing the illumination area, and improving The rooting rate further increases the survival rate of the species to be planted;
  • the above-mentioned flat soil plate 19 is composed of a steel plate welded with the above-mentioned hydraulic deep plough, that is, a flat soil plate 19 is provided at the rear (tail) of the above-mentioned hydraulic deep plough, which utilizes its own curvature Tamping the soil, increasing the density and increasing the rooting rate of the species to be planted;
  • the material of the above-mentioned soil plate 19 is not limited to the steel plate, and may be other metal materials that can be welded in the prior art, and has a certain hardness and Elasticity, such as iron or alloy
  • the above-mentioned bauxite plate 19 has a certain curvature, but is not limited to a certain numerical
  • the mud generating assembly further includes a soil pulverizer 9 and a soil conveying pipe 10, the soil pulverizer 9 including a feed port 30 and a soil pulverizing grinding disc 31 disposed below the feed port 30.
  • the soil pulverizing disc 31 is connected to the soil conveying pipe 10, and the earth conveying pipe 10 is provided with a transmission shaft 32 penetrating the soil conveying pipe 10, and the earth conveying pipe 10 extends from the bottom to the mud groove. 7 connected to each other.
  • a slurry agitating shaft 25 is disposed in the mud tank 7, and the soil crushing disc 31 includes one or more layers of grinding discs.
  • the above-mentioned soil pulverizing grinding disc 31 includes one or more grinding discs, and the more the number of layers of the grinding disc is set, the finer the ground powder is, the easier it is to form a high quality muddy water mixture (ie, mud), but The more the number of layers of the grinding disc is set, the larger the production cost is. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the production cost as much as possible while ensuring the fineness of the soil powder, so that the above-described earth pulverizing grinding disc 31 preferably includes a three-layer grinding disc.
  • the mud generating assembly further includes a mud pressure pump 8 and a piston 28 connected to the mud pressure pump 8, and the mud pressure pump 8 and the mud tank 7 pass through the mud input pipe. 27 is connected, the piston 28 is connected to the mud tank 7 through the first mud output pipe 26, the first mud output pipe 26 and the water tank 6 are connected by a water pipe 24, and the mud pressure pump 8 is output through the second mud.
  • the tube 26' is connected to the above-described spray gun 17.
  • the sprayer 17 includes a third mud output pipe 26" and a spray nozzle 41 disposed at a free end of the third mud output pipe 26", the sprayer 17 passing through the third The mud output tube 26" is coupled to the mud generating assembly.
  • a water pipe valve 43 is disposed at a connection between the water tank 6 and the water pipe 24, and the first mud output valve 26 is connected to the water pipe and the first mud valve 42 is disposed below the mud tank 7.
  • the third mud output pipe 26" is connected with the second mud output pipe 26' in the mud generating assembly to be provided with a second mud valve 42'; in addition, the mud inlet pipe 27 and the mud tank 7 are connected with mud.
  • a pressure return valve 29 the piston 28 is connected to the mud pressure pump 8, and the above
  • the piston 28 and the first mud output pipe 26 are respectively connected with mud reversing valves 29 which are opposite to each other;
  • a motor 3 is disposed below the piston 28, and the piston 28 obtains power through the motor 3.
  • the water tank 6 is first filled with water, and then the soil is put into the soil pulverizer 9 from the feed port 30, and is pulverized and conveyed by the soil pulverizing grinding disc 31.
  • the mud powder is transferred into the mud tank 7 through the drive shaft 32 in the soil transfer pipe 10, and the water tank 6 is connected with a water pump capable of transporting the water in the water tank 6 into the mud tank 7, the mud powder and After the water is mixed, the slurry agitating shaft 25 is stirred at a certain ratio, and then the agitated mud is conveyed to the spray through the mud pressure pump 8, the mud input pipe 27, the piston 28, the mud pressure return valve 29, and the second mud output pipe 26'.
  • the third mud output pipe 26" in the slurry 17 is further ejected by the spray nozzle 41.
  • the first mud valve 42 is closed, the water pipe valve 43 on the water pipe 24 is opened, and the water in the water tank 6 is introduced into the mud pressure pump 8 through the piston 28,
  • the first mud output pipe 26, the mud input pipe 27, the second mud output pipe 26', and the sprayer 17 are cleaned to prevent clogging after the mud is dried.
  • the profiled dispenser described above includes a profiled cam 13 having one or more recesses therein.
  • the planter controls the seedling volume by the above-mentioned shaped dispenser, and sends the bare rooted shrub to be transplanted into the elastic conveyor belt 14.
  • the bare-rod fixed-tree shrubs in the body 2 fall into the above-mentioned notches, and the shaped cam 13 rotates, the bare-shaped fixed-tree shrubs to be planted can be sent to the elastic conveyor belt behind the shaped dispenser. 14 in.
  • the elastic belt 14 is fixed to a vertically movable frame behind the body 3, and includes two sets of parallel second conveyor belts 35, wherein a group of second conveyor belts 35 are closely distributed through the inner ring thereof.
  • the plurality of pulleys 33 are rotated, and the other set of second conveyor belts 35 are fixed to the planter by a plurality of springs 34. Therefore, the two sets of the second conveyor belts 35 can pass through a certain range of diameters of the bare rods to be planted. It can meet the different needs of users and has a wide range of applications.
  • the user can automatically adjust the individual plant spacing by the spring 34 and the second conveyor belt 35 in the elastic conveyor belt 14.
  • the planter further includes a wheel drive assembly for controlling the rotation of the profiled cam 13, the wheel drive assembly including a chuck 38 fixedly coupled to the wheel, a wheel turning gear 38', and a hydraulic transmission.
  • the gear 40 and the odd-numbered doser having the same number as the above-mentioned shaped dispenser rotate the gear 16,
  • the wheel rotating gear 38' includes a disk end and a tapered gear end, and the disk end and the chuck 38 are interlocked by a belt 39
  • the hydraulic transmission gear 40 includes a hydraulic tapered gear end and a hydraulic circumferential vertical gear.
  • the hydraulic tapered gear end meshes with a tapered gear end, and the shaped linear counter rotating gear 16 includes meshing with the hydraulic circumferential vertical gear.
  • connecting a gear and a transmission gear coaxial with the connecting gear the connecting gear is coupled to the profiled cam 13 and drives the profiled cam 13 to rotate.
  • a plurality of the shaped dispensers and transmission gears are provided, and a plurality of transmission gears are interlocked by a belt 39.
  • the planter includes one or more shaped dispensers, and the number of the shaped dispensers is not limited to a specific value, and may be any number.
  • the number of the shaped dispensers and the user plant a row of bare roots.
  • the number of fixed trees and shrubs is the same or the same.
  • the wheel drive assembly When the planting machine is driven or stopped, the wheel drive assembly is driven by the wheel, and the special-shaped cam 13 is rotated or stopped by the chuck 38, the wheel rotating gear 38', the hydraulic transmission gear 40 and the special-shaped quantitative device rotating gear 16;
  • the hydraulic transmission gear 40 When the machine is not planted, the hydraulic transmission gear 40 is lifted off the tapered gear end of the wheel rotating gear 38', so that the chuck 38 and the wheel rotating gear 38' are independently rotated, and the hydraulic transmission gear 40 and the profiler rotating gear 16 are rotated. It does not rotate with the chuck 38, thereby causing the profiled cam 13 not to rotate.
  • the hydraulic deep plough includes a ploughshare 15 and two second hydraulic telescopic arms 20, two long telescopic arms 36 and two short telescopic arms 37 that control the two sides of the ploughshare 15, the second
  • the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic arm 20 is fixed to the frame
  • the lower end of the second hydraulic telescopic arm 20 is connected to the tail end of the long telescopic arm 36
  • the first end of the long telescopic arm 36 is fixed on the frame and located at the above Below the two hydraulic telescopic arms 20
  • one end of the short telescopic arm 37 is pivotally connected to the rear end of the long telescopic arm 36
  • the other end of the short telescopic arm 37 is pivotally connected to the plow head 15.
  • a "V"-shaped guide groove is opened in the middle of the ploughshare 15, and the two second hydraulic telescopic arms 20, the two long telescopic arms 36 and the two short telescopic arms 37 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the guide groove.
  • the bare rooted shrubs to be planted enter the guiding groove of the hydraulic deep plough via the elastic conveyor belt 14, the two second hydraulic telescopic arms 20, the two long telescopic arms 36 and the two short telescopic arms 37, so that the bare roots are to be planted.
  • the trees and shrubs are planted one by one to the specified depth required by the user.
  • the planter further includes a hydraulic power system including a hydraulic tank 5 disposed in front of the body 2, a plurality of hydraulic return valves 23, and hydraulic gears.
  • the system inputs hydraulic oil from the input oil pipe 22, and the hydraulic gear rotates by the oil pressure, and the hydraulic oil is discharged from the output oil pipe 21.
  • the plurality of hydraulic return valves 23 may be disposed at a plurality of positions where hydraulic pressure is required to ensure normal operation of the hydraulic power system.
  • the user controls the expansion and contraction of the second hydraulic telescopic boom 20 and the lifting and lowering of the elastic conveyor belt 14 by the above-described hydraulic power system, thereby controlling the long telescopic arm 36 and the short telescopic arm 37 to control the excavation depth of the hydraulic deep plough.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for using a shrub shrub bare root shotcrete planting machine provided by the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
  • the above-mentioned hydraulic deep plough is 20-100 cm deep into the soil.
  • the depth of the deep hydraulic plough into the soil is not limited to 20-100 cm, and can be determined according to the species to be planted by the user to ensure the success rate of the plant to be planted.
  • the depth of the hydraulic deep-plow into the soil is preferably 20-100 cm.
  • the shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant of the present invention comprises at least a front end 1, a body 2, a rear end, and a video monitoring system and a hydraulic power system, wherein the front end includes a liquid crystal operating platform 4, and
  • the video monitoring system includes a liquid crystal operating platform 4 and a video monitor disposed at an upper front end of the vehicle;
  • the vehicle body 2 includes a hydraulic tank 5, a water tank 6, a mud tank 7, a mud pressure pump 8, a soil pulverizer 9, and a soil conveying pipe 10.
  • a method for using a shrubbery bare-rod fixed-shot spray plant comprises the steps of: adding soil to a feed port 30 of the soil pulverizer 9 described above, and injecting water into the water tank 6 and the mud tank 7.
  • the soil is ground into a powder by the soil pulverizing grinding disc 31, and is uploaded into the mud tank 7 by the transmission shaft 32 in the soil conveying pipe 10, and the weight of the mud powder and water is 0.38 ⁇ water: mud ⁇ 0.55 by the mud stirring shaft 25.
  • the slurry is mixed into a muddy water mixture, and the muddy water mixture is sprayed onto the surface of the shrub by the slurry pump 8; the hydraulic power system is controlled by the liquid crystal operating platform 4 in the front head 1 to make the hydraulic deep plough deep into the soil 20 cm-100 cm.
  • the shrubs to be planted are placed in the body 2, through the first conveyor belt 12, the shaped dispenser, the sprayer 17, and the slurry is filled with a certain height and then enters the hydraulic deep plough, and then passes through the angle adjuster 18 and the flat soil plate. 19 It is possible to plant the shrubs and shrubs and cover the sand and compact to maintain the water and light surface of the shrubs to facilitate rooting, water retention and survival, and to efficiently and quickly complete the bare-stem-spinning and spraying of the shrubs and shrubs. In addition, the above-mentioned shrubs wrapped with the muddy water mixture are also inserted into the soil to a depth of 20 cm to 100 cm.
  • the shrub and shrub fixed-rod spray-grinding machine and the use method thereof provided by the invention effectively improve the planting speed and survival rate of the bare-rooted fixed-tree shrubs in the barren hills, deserts, Gobi and desert regions, and are windproof and sand-fixing, Great efforts have been made to improve the ecological environment of barren hills, deserts, Gobi and deserts or desertification areas.

Abstract

一种乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法，该栽植机包括顺次连接的车头（1）、车斗（2）和车尾（3），车头设有液晶操作平台（4）；车斗的前方设有泥浆产生组件，泥浆产生组件包括水箱（6）和与水箱相连的泥浆槽（7），车斗的后方设有木苗推送组件，木苗推送组件包括第一液压伸缩臂（11）和一个或多个异型定量器；车尾的前方上端设有喷浆器（17），喷浆器与泥浆产生组件相连接，车尾的后方设有栽植组件，栽植组件包括弹性传送带（14）、角度调节器（18）以及液压深耕犁（15），液压深耕犁的后方设有平土板（19）。该栽植机及其使用方法提高了在沙漠里栽种植物的速度和成活率，能高效、快速地完成荒山、荒漠、戈壁等沙化区域大面积机械化造林栽植工作。

Description

乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及林业机械技术领域，具体地涉及一种用于荒山、荒漠、戈壁等大面积机械造林的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法。
背景技术
全球气候变暖，植被破坏，水土流失，沙尘暴四起，土地荒漠化日趋严重，如若人们不多加关注，继续肆意破坏人类赖以生存的地球，人类将面临更加严重的生态环境以及生命威胁，随着土地进一步的沙漠化，对荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等进行绿化，还原一片绿色，是迫不及待的任务，也是我们这些生长在沙漠区域人的梦想。
绿化荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等，需要在半干旱、干旱区域乔灌混栽，以本地乡土树种(如沙柳、杨树、柠条等)和抗旱草籽(如沙打旺、草苜蓿、甘草等)为主、以半干旱包围干旱的理念实现防沙、治沙、固沙、利用沙能源发展沙产业等。但由于沙漠内的气候环境极端干燥，不易降雨，沙土流动性大，植物所需要的赖以生存的水分甚少，因此，在沙漠内种植绿化植物时，一定要将对植物有利的各方因素进行考虑。
首先，植物所需水分变得尤为重要，锁水成为亟需解决的问题之一，即需为乔灌木表面包裹一层泥浆，防止水分流失；另外，需要调整所栽物种与表层土的角度，做到一边栽植一边压实，增大光照面积，利于生根，提高生根率，进一步提高成活率。
其次，绿化荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等是一项艰巨的任务，光凭人工挖坑种植已远远落后于环境恶化的速度，通过什么途径进行大规模的绿化，尽快保护我们赖以生存的土地，也变得尤为重要。
最后，要想从根本上解决上述问题，如防沙、治沙、固沙、利用沙能源等，就必须提高乔灌木栽植的速度和成活率。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，本发明提供了一种乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机械，具体而言提供了一种能够高效快速在荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等进行栽植的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及使用方法。
本发明一方面提供了一种乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其包括顺次连接的车头、车斗和车尾，所述车头设有液晶操作平台；所述车斗的前方设有泥浆产生组件，所述泥浆产生组件包括独立的水箱和与所述水箱相连的泥浆槽，所述车斗的后方设有木苗推送组件，所述木苗推送组件包括靠近车头侧的第一液压伸缩臂和设置于所述第一液压伸缩臂后方的一个或多个异型定量器；所述车尾的前方上端设有与所述异型定量器数量相同的喷浆器，所述喷浆器与所述泥浆产生组件相连接，所述车尾的后方设有与所述异型定量器数量相同的栽植组件，所述栽植组件包括由上方延伸至下方的弹性传送带、与所述弹性传送带底端相连的角度调节器以及位于所述弹性传送带和所述角度调节器下方的液压深耕犁，所述液压深耕犁的后方设有平土板。
进一步地，所述泥浆产生组件还包括泥土粉碎器和泥土传送管，所述泥土粉碎器包括进料口和设置于所述进料口下方的泥土粉碎磨盘，所述泥土粉碎磨盘的下方与所述泥土传送管相连接，所述泥土传送管内设有贯穿所述泥土传送管的传动轴，所述泥土传送管由下向上延伸并与所述泥浆槽相接相通。
可选地，所述泥浆槽内设有泥浆搅拌轴，所述泥土粉碎磨盘包括一层或多层磨盘。
进一步地，所述泥浆产生组件还包括泥浆压力泵和与所述泥浆压力泵相连的活塞，所述泥浆压力泵与所述泥浆槽之间通过泥浆输入管相连接，所述活塞通过第一泥浆输出管与所述泥浆槽相连接，所述第一泥浆输出管与所述水箱之间通过水管相连接，所述泥浆压力泵通过第二泥浆输出管与所述喷浆器相连接。
进一步地，所述喷浆器包括第三泥浆输出管和设置于所述第三泥浆输出管自由端的喷浆嘴，所述喷浆器通过所述第三泥浆输出管与所述泥浆产生组件相连接。
可选地，所述异型定量器包括异型凸轮，所述异型凸轮上开设有一个或多个凹口。
进一步地，本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机还包括用于控制所述异型凸轮转动的车轮传动组件，所述车轮传动组件包括与车轮固定连接的卡盘、车轮转动齿轮、液压传动齿轮和与所述异型定量器数量相同的异型定量器转动齿轮，所述车轮转动齿轮包括圆盘端和锥面齿轮端，所述圆盘端与所述卡盘之间通过皮带连动，所述液压传动齿轮包括液压锥面齿轮端和液压周向垂直齿轮，所述液压锥面齿轮端与所述锥面齿轮端相啮合，所述异型定量器转动齿轮包括与所述液压周向垂直齿轮相啮合的连接齿轮和与所述连接齿轮同轴的传动齿轮，所述连接齿轮与所述异型凸轮相连接并带动所述异型凸轮转动。
优选地，所述异型定量器和所述传动齿轮为多个，多个传动齿轮之间通过皮带连动。
进一步地，所述液压深耕犁包括犁头以及控制所述犁头两侧的两个第二液压伸缩臂、两个长伸缩臂和两个短伸缩臂，所述第二液压伸缩臂的上端固定于车架上，所述第二液压伸缩臂的下端与所述长伸缩臂的尾端相连接，所述长伸缩臂的首端固定于车架上并位于所述第二液压伸缩臂的下方，所述短伸缩臂的一端与所述长伸缩臂的尾端枢转连接，所述短伸缩臂的另一端与所述犁头枢转连接。
本发明另一方面提供了一种本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：
a、将水和泥粉按0.38-0.55的重量比通过所述泥浆产生组件产生泥水混合液，以备待用；
b、通过所述液晶操作平台控制所述液压深耕犁，使所述液压深耕犁深入土壤20-100cm；
c、将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木放入所述车斗中通过所述木苗推送组件将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木推送至所述车尾，将所述泥水混合液通过所述喷浆器喷裹到所述待栽裸根定杆乔灌木表面，经所述弹性传送带进入所述液压深耕犁，再通过所述角度调节器进行栽植角度的调整，所述待栽裸根定杆乔灌木插入土壤深度与所述液压深耕犁深入土壤的深度相同，最后通过所述平土板覆盖沙土并压实。
采用本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法，使得插入所述乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的裸根定杆乔灌木，如沙柳、杨树、柠条等在包裹一层泥浆保水的同时，增大光照面积，提高生根率、提高成活率，高效、快速地完成灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植工作。
根据本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法，能够带来至少以下有益效果之一：
1、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，由靠近车头侧(即车斗正前端)的第一液压伸缩臂经液压回流阀，将乔灌木匀速推入弹性传送带，弹性传送带因具有弹簧而能够接受不同直径的乔灌木通过，因此应用广泛；
2、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，由位于车斗后方的设置于第一液压伸缩臂后方的一个或多个异型定量器控制出苗量，通过弹性传送带自动调节单株间距，通过液压深耕犁上的导向槽使乔灌木逐一栽植到指定深度；
3、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，由第二液压伸缩臂控制液压深耕犁的长伸缩臂、短伸缩臂和弹性传送带的高低，进而控制栽植深度，使得栽植深度具有一定的范围，能够满足不同用户的需求；
4、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其车尾的前方上端设有的喷浆器对乔灌木表层进行喷浆，保存其内部水分，达到锁水目的，提高生根率，进一步提高成活率；
5、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其车尾部于弹性传送带底端设有的角度调节器，能够调整所栽物种与表层土的角度，增大光照面积，提高生根率，进一步提高成活率；
6、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其车尾部于液压深耕犁的后方设有平土板，利用其自身弧度夯实土壤，增加密湿度，提高生根率；
7、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其车斗前部底端的泥浆压力泵，经活塞从泥浆槽抽取泥浆后，传送到喷浆器，亦可经活塞从水箱抽取水，传送到喷浆器，完成自动清洗工作，防止泥浆干燥后堵塞；
8、本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，采用液晶操作平台，使得用户在车头驾驶室就能完成对栽植工作的各项设备的控制，做到更加简便化。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的立体结构示意图；
图2示出了图1所示的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车头和车斗的部分结构的立体示意图(包括液压箱、水箱和泥浆槽)；
图3示出了液压回流阀剖面结构示意图；
图4示出了泥浆传送结构示意图；
图5示出了泥浆传送示意图；
图6示出了图1所示的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车斗的部分结构的俯视示意图(包括异型定量器)；
图7示出了泥浆产生组件的部分结构的剖面示意图(包括泥土粉碎器)；
图8示出了弹性传送带的结构示意图；
图9示出了弹性传送带的俯视结构示意图；
图10示出了本发明实施例提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车轮传动组件的结构示意图；
图11示出了图1所示的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车斗的部分结构示意图(包括喷浆器和部分弹性传送带)；
图12示出了喷浆器的放大结构示意图；
图13示出了图1所示的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车底的结构示意图；
图14示出了图1所示的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的车尾的部分结构示意图(包括平土板、角度调节器和液压深耕犁)；
图15示出了液压齿轮的侧剖面结构示意图；
图16示出了液压齿轮的正剖面结构示意图；
图17示出了液压齿轮的侧面立体结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细介绍本发明的示例性实施例。提供这些示例性实施例的目的是为了使得本领域普通技术人员能够清楚地理解本发明，并且根据这里的描述能够实现本发明。附图和具体实施例不旨在对本发明进行限定，本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。
全球气候逐渐变暖，植被破坏，水土流失，沙尘暴四起，土地荒漠化日趋严重，如若人们不多加关注，继续肆意破坏人类赖以生存的地球，人类将面临更加严重的生态环境以及生命威胁，随着土地进一步的沙漠化，对荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等进行绿化，还原一片绿色，迫在眉睫。
针对上述问题，参照图1、图2和图11，本发明一方面提供了一种乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机(以下简称“本栽植机”)，能够高效、快速地在荒山、荒漠、戈壁、沙漠等地进行绿色植被的种植。
根据本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其包括顺次连接的车头1、车斗2和车尾，上述车头1设有液晶操作平台4；上述车斗2的前方设有泥浆产生组件，该泥浆产生组件包括独立的水箱6和与该水箱6相连的泥浆槽7，上述车斗2的后方设有木苗推送组件，该木苗推送组件包括靠近车头1侧的第一液压伸缩臂11和设置于该第一液压伸缩臂11后方的一个或多个异 型定量器；上述车尾的前方上端设有与上述异型定量器数量相同的喷浆器17，该喷浆器17与泥浆产生组件相连接，上述车尾的后方设有与上述异型定量器数量相同的栽植组件，该栽植组件包括由上方延伸至下方的弹性传送带14、与该弹性传送带14底端相连的角度调节器18以及位于该弹性传送带14和角度调节器18下方的液压深耕犁，该液压深耕犁的后方设有平土板19。
需要说明的是，本栽植机还包括视频监控系统，该视频监控系统包括上述液晶操作平台4和设置于车尾前方上端的视频监控器，该视频监控器将上述喷浆器17的工作情况和待栽裸根定杆乔灌木的栽植情况传输至上述液晶操作平台4上，用户可根据视频监控器传来的影响判断并通过上述液晶操作平台4对上述喷浆器17的工作情况和待栽裸根定杆乔灌木的栽植情况进行控制和调整。
参照图2，本栽植机的木苗推送组件还包括设置于所述第一液压伸缩臂11下方的第一传送带12，该第一传送带12的下方设有分布均匀的多个滑轮33；参照图2和图3，上述第一液压伸缩臂11上设有液压回流阀23，该液压回流阀23上连接有输出油管21和输入油管22，且上述第一液压伸缩臂11通过上述液压回流阀23、输出油管21和输入油管22能够进行反复的伸缩运动；将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木竖直放入本栽植机的车斗2内，通过上述第一传送带12、滑轮33和第一液压伸缩臂11自动将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木匀速地推送至上述异型定量器中，进而推入上述弹性传送带14中。
需要注意的是，上述角度调节器18为手动调节和/或自动调节，经手动调节和/或自动调节后达到理想的位置，进而调整待栽物种与表层土的角度，增大光照面积，提高生根率，进一步提高待栽物种的成活率；上述平土板19由与上述液压深耕犁焊接的钢板构成，即在上述液压深耕犁的后方(尾部)设有平土板19，其利用自身弧度夯实土壤，增加密湿度，提高待栽物种的生根率；上述平土板19的材质并不局限于钢板，可以是现有技术中已有的其他能够焊接的金属材质，并具有一定的硬度和弹性，比如铁或合金 等；上述平土板19具有一定的弧度，但并不局限于某一特定数值的弧度，只要能够实现该平土板19利用其自身弧度夯实土壤即可。
参照图1、图2和图7，上述泥浆产生组件还包括泥土粉碎器9和泥土传送管10，上述泥土粉碎器9包括进料口30和设置于该进料口30下方的泥土粉碎磨盘31，该泥土粉碎磨盘31的下方与上述泥土传送管10相连接，该泥土传送管10内设有贯穿该泥土传送管10的传动轴32，该泥土传送管10由下向上延伸并与上述泥浆槽7相接相通。
参照图1和图7，上述泥浆槽7内设有泥浆搅拌轴25，上述泥土粉碎磨盘31包括一层或多层磨盘。
需要注意的是，上述泥土粉碎磨盘31包括一层或多层磨盘，该磨盘的层数设置越多所磨出的泥土粉末越细，就越易形成优质的泥水混合液(即泥浆)，但是该磨盘的层数设置越多生产成本就越大，因此需在保证泥土粉末的细腻程度的同时尽可能地将生产成本降低，这样上述泥土粉碎磨盘31优选包括三层磨盘。
参照图4、图5、图11和图13，上述泥浆产生组件还包括泥浆压力泵8和与该泥浆压力泵8相连的活塞28，上述泥浆压力泵8与泥浆槽7之间通过泥浆输入管27相连接，上述活塞28通过第一泥浆输出管26与上述泥浆槽7相连接，上述第一泥浆输出管26与水箱6之间通过水管24相连接，上述泥浆压力泵8通过第二泥浆输出管26’与上述喷浆器17相连接。
参照图4、图11和图12，上述喷浆器17包括第三泥浆输出管26”和设置于该第三泥浆输出管26”自由端的喷浆嘴41，上述喷浆器17通过上述第三泥浆输出管26”与泥浆产生组件相连接。
需要说明的是，上述水箱6与水管24相连接处设有水管阀门43，上述第一泥浆输出管26与所述水管相连接的上方且上述泥浆槽7的下方设有第一泥浆阀门42，上述第三泥浆输出管26”与泥浆产生组件中的第二泥浆输出管26’相连接处设有第二泥浆阀门42’；另外，上述泥浆输入管27与泥浆槽7相连接处设有泥浆压力回流阀29，上述活塞28与泥浆压力泵8相连接处和上述 活塞28与第一泥浆输出管26相连接处分别设有互为反向的泥浆压力回流阀29；上述活塞28的下方设有电机3，活塞28通过该电机3获得动力。
当乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机进入到沙化地带进行工作前，先将水箱6加满水，再将泥土由进料口30放入泥土粉碎器9中，经泥土粉碎磨盘31粉碎传送至泥土传送管10内，通过泥土传送管10内的传动轴32将泥土粉末传送至泥浆槽7内，水箱6接有能够将水箱6内的水输送至泥浆槽7内的水泵，泥土粉末与水混合后，经泥浆搅拌轴25按一定比例搅拌，然后通过泥浆压力泵8、泥浆输入管27、活塞28、泥浆压力回流阀29和第二泥浆输出管26’将搅拌好的泥浆输送至喷浆器17中的第三泥浆输出管26”中，进而由喷浆嘴41喷出。
此外，当乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机完成栽植工作后，关闭第一泥浆阀门42，打开水管24上的水管阀门43，通过活塞28使水箱6中的水进入泥浆压力泵8内，清洗第一泥浆输出管26、泥浆输入管27、第二泥浆输出管26’和喷浆器17以防止泥浆干燥后的堵塞。
参照图6和图11，上述异型定量器包括异型凸轮13，该异型凸轮13上开设有一个或多个凹口。
本栽植机通过上述异型定量器控制出苗量，并将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木送至弹性传送带14中。参照图6，当车斗2内的待栽裸根定杆乔灌木落入上述凹口中，异型凸轮13转动，即可将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木送至上述异型定量器后方的弹性传送带14中。
参照图8和图9，上述弹性传送带14固定于车斗3后方的能够升降的车架上，其包括两组平行的第二传送带35，其中一组第二传送带35通过其内圈分布紧密的多个滑轮33进行转动，另一组第二传送带35通过多个弹簧34固定于本栽植机上，因此这两组第二传送带35之间可通过一定范围内直径的待栽裸根定杆乔灌木，可满足用户的不同需要，应用范围广。另外，用户可通过弹性传送带14中的弹簧34和第二传送带35自动调节单株间距。
参照图1、图6和图10，本栽植机还包括用于控制上述异型凸轮13转动的车轮传动组件，该车轮传动组件包括与车轮固定连接的卡盘38、车轮转动齿轮38’、液压传动齿轮40和与上述异型定量器数量相同的异型定量器转动齿轮16，上述车轮转动齿轮38’包括圆盘端和锥面齿轮端，上述圆盘端与卡盘38之间通过皮带39连动，上述液压传动齿轮40包括液压锥面齿轮端和液压周向垂直齿轮，上述液压锥面齿轮端与锥面齿轮端相啮合，上述异型定量器转动齿轮16包括与上述液压周向垂直齿轮相啮合的连接齿轮和与该连接齿轮同轴的传动齿轮，该连接齿轮与异型凸轮13相连接并带动上述异型凸轮13转动。
参照图10，上述异型定量器和传动齿轮为多个，多个传动齿轮之间通过皮带39连动。
需要注意的是，本栽植机包括一个或多个异型定量器，该异型定量器的数量并不局限于某一特定数值，可以是任意数量，该异型定量器的数量与用户栽植一排裸根定杆乔灌木的棵数一致或相同。
当栽植时本栽植机行驶或停止，由车轮带动车轮传动组件，经卡盘38、车轮转动齿轮38’、液压传动齿轮40和异型定量器转动齿轮16带动异型凸轮13转动或停止；当本栽植机不栽植行驶时，将液压传动齿轮40上提致使脱离车轮转动齿轮38’的锥面齿轮端，使得卡盘38和车轮转动齿轮38’独立转动，液压传动齿轮40和异型定量器转动齿轮16不随卡盘38转动，进而致使异型凸轮13不转动。
参照图1和图14，上述液压深耕犁包括犁头15以及控制该犁头15两侧的两个第二液压伸缩臂20、两个长伸缩臂36和两个短伸缩臂37，上述第二液压伸缩臂20的上端固定于车架上，该第二液压伸缩臂20的下端与上述长伸缩臂36的尾端相连接，上述长伸缩臂36的首端固定于车架上并位于上述第二液压伸缩臂20的下方，上述短伸缩臂37的一端与上述长伸缩臂36的尾端枢转连接，该短伸缩臂37的另一端与上述犁头15枢转连接。
上述犁头15的中间开设有“V”型的导向槽，上述两个第二液压伸缩臂20、两个长伸缩臂36和两个短伸缩臂37均对称地分布于上述导向槽的两侧， 待栽裸根定杆乔灌木经弹性传送带14、两个第二液压伸缩臂20、两个长伸缩臂36和两个短伸缩臂37进入液压深耕犁的导向槽内，使待栽裸根定杆乔灌木逐一栽植到用户所需的指定深度。
参照图1、图2和图15至17，本栽植机还包括液压动力系统，该液压动力系统包括设置于车斗2前方的液压箱5、多个液压回流阀23和液压齿轮，该液压动力系统由输入油管22输入液压油，通过油压带动液压齿轮旋转，再由输出油管21排出液压油。上述多个液压回流阀23可设置在多个需要控制液压的位置上，以保证上述液压动力系统的正常工作。
用户通过上述液压动力系统控制上述第二液压伸缩臂20的伸缩以及弹性传送带14的升降，进而控制长伸缩臂36和短伸缩臂37，以控制液压深耕犁的开挖深度。
本发明另一方面提供了一种本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：
a、将水和泥粉按0.38-0.55的重量比通过上述泥浆产生组件产生泥水混合液，以备待用；
b、通过上述液晶操作平台4控制上述液压深耕犁，使该液压深耕犁深入土壤20-100cm；
c、将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木放入上述车斗2中通过上述木苗推送组件将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木推送至上述车尾，将上述泥水混合液通过上述喷浆器17喷裹到上述待栽裸根定杆乔灌木表面，经上述弹性传送带14进入上述液压深耕犁，再通过上述角度调节器18进行栽植角度的调整，该待栽裸根定杆乔灌木插入土壤深度与上述液压深耕犁深入土壤的深度相同，最后通过上述平土板19覆盖沙土并压实。
需要注意的是，上述液压深耕犁深入土壤20-100cm，该液压深耕犁深入土壤的深度并不局限于20-100cm，可根据用户所要栽植的物种进行确定，以保证该待栽植物的成功率，但就本发明中所针对的待栽裸根定杆乔灌木而言，该液压深耕犁深入土壤的深度优选为20-100cm。
简言之，本发明一方面提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，至少包括车头1、车斗2、车尾以及视频监控系统和液压动力系统，上述车头包括液晶操作平台4，且视频监控系统包括液晶操作平台4和设置于车尾前方上端的视频监控器；上述车斗2包括液压箱5、水箱6、泥浆槽7、泥浆压力泵8、泥土粉碎器9、泥土传送管10、第一液压伸缩臂11、第一传送带12、异型定量器、和弹性传送带14；上述车尾包括液压深耕犁、车轮传动组件、喷浆器17、角度调节器18和平土板19；本发明另一方面提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：在上述的泥土粉碎器9的进料口30中加入泥土，在水箱6和泥浆槽7中注入水；泥土通过泥土粉碎磨盘31磨成粉末，由泥土传送管10内的传动轴32上传到泥浆槽7内，经泥浆搅拌轴25把泥粉和水的重量按0.38≤水∶泥≤0.55的比例搅拌成泥水混合液，通过泥浆压力泵8将泥水混合液由喷浆器17喷裹到乔灌木表面；通过车头1内的液晶操作平台4控制液压动力系统，使液压深耕犁深入土壤20cm-100cm；将待栽乔灌木放入车斗2内，通过第一传送带12、异型定量器、喷浆器17，沾满一定高度的泥浆后进入液压深耕犁，再通过角度调节器18、平土板19做到一边种植乔灌木一边覆盖沙土并压实以保持乔灌木水分和光照面增大的目的以利于生根、保水和成活，高效、快速地完成乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植工作。另外，上述包裹了泥水混合液的乔灌木插入土壤深度亦为20cm-100cm。
本发明提供的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法，有效地提高了荒山、荒漠、戈壁和沙漠等地区栽植裸根定杆乔灌木的栽植速度和成活率，为防风固沙，改善荒山、荒漠、戈壁和沙漠或沙化地区的生态环境做出巨大贡献。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其包括顺次连接的车头(1)、车斗(2)和车尾，其特征在于，所述车头(1)设有液晶操作平台(4)；所述车斗(2)的前方设有泥浆产生组件，所述泥浆产生组件包括独立的水箱(6)和与所述水箱(6)相连的泥浆槽(7)，所述车斗(2)的后方设有木苗推送组件，所述木苗推送组件包括靠近车头(1)侧的第一液压伸缩臂(11)和设置于所述第一液压伸缩臂(11)后方的一个或多个异型定量器；所述车尾的前方上端设有与所述异型定量器数量相同的喷浆器(17)，所述喷浆器(17)与所述泥浆产生组件相连接，所述车尾的后方设有与所述异型定量器数量相同的栽植组件，所述栽植组件包括由上方延伸至下方的弹性传送带(14)、与所述弹性传送带(14)底端相连的角度调节器(18)以及位于所述弹性传送带(14)和所述角度调节器(18)下方的液压深耕犁，所述液压深耕犁的后方设有平土板(19)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述泥浆产生组件还包括泥土粉碎器(9)和泥土传送管(10)，所述泥土粉碎器(9)包括进料口(30)和设置于所述进料口(30)下方的泥土粉碎磨盘(31)，所述泥土粉碎磨盘(31)的下方与所述泥土传送管(10)相连接，所述泥土传送管(10)内设有贯穿所述泥土传送管(10)的传动轴(32)，所述泥土传送管(10)由下向上延伸并与所述泥浆槽(7)相接相通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述泥浆槽(7)内设有泥浆搅拌轴(25)，所述泥土粉碎磨盘(31)包括一层或多层磨盘。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述泥浆产生组件还包括泥浆压力泵(8)和与所述泥浆压力泵(8)相连的活塞(28)，所述泥浆压力泵(8)与所述泥浆槽(7)之间通过泥浆输入管(27)相连接，所述活塞(28)通过第一泥浆输出管(26)与所述泥浆槽(7)相连接，所述第一泥浆输出管(26)与所述水箱(6)之间通过 水管(24)相连接，所述泥浆压力泵(8)通过第二泥浆输出管(26’)与所述喷浆器(17)相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述喷浆器(17)包括第三泥浆输出管(26”)和设置于所述第三泥浆输出管(26”)自由端的喷浆嘴(41)，所述喷浆器(17)通过所述第三泥浆输出管(26”)与所述泥浆产生组件相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述异型定量器包括异型凸轮(13)，所述异型凸轮(13)上开设有一个或多个凹口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，还包括用于控制所述异型凸轮(13)转动的车轮传动组件，所述车轮传动组件包括与车轮固定连接的卡盘(38)、车轮转动齿轮(38’)、液压传动齿轮(40)和与所述异型定量器数量相同的异型定量器转动齿轮(16)，所述车轮转动齿轮(38’)包括圆盘端和锥面齿轮端，所述圆盘端与所述卡盘(38)之间通过皮带(39)连动，所述液压传动齿轮(40)包括液压锥面齿轮端和液压周向垂直齿轮，所述液压锥面齿轮端与所述锥面齿轮端相啮合，所述异型定量器转动齿轮(16)包括与所述液压周向垂直齿轮相啮合的连接齿轮和与所述连接齿轮同轴的传动齿轮，所述连接齿轮与所述异型凸轮(13)相连接并带动所述异型凸轮(13)转动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述异型定量器和所述传动齿轮为多个，多个传动齿轮之间通过皮带(39)连动。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机，其特征在于，所述液压深耕犁包括犁头(15)以及控制所述犁头(15)两侧的两个第二液压伸缩臂(20)、两个长伸缩臂(36)和两个短伸缩臂(37)，所述第二液压伸缩臂(20)的上端固定于车架上，所述第二液压伸缩臂(20)的下端与所述长伸缩臂(36)的尾端相连接，所述长伸缩臂(36)的首端固定于车架上并位于所述第二液压伸缩臂(20)的下方，所述短伸缩臂(37) 的一端与所述长伸缩臂(36)的尾端枢转连接，所述短伸缩臂(37)的另一端与所述犁头(15)枢转连接。
  10. 一种权利要求1至9中任一项所述乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：
    a、将水和泥粉按0.38-0.55的重量比通过所述泥浆产生组件产生泥水混合液，以备待用；
    b、通过所述液晶操作平台(4)控制所述液压深耕犁，使所述液压深耕犁深入土壤20-100cm；
    c、将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木放入所述车斗(2)中通过所述木苗推送组件将待栽裸根定杆乔灌木推送至所述车尾，将所述泥水混合液通过所述喷浆器(17)喷裹到所述待栽裸根定杆乔灌木表面，经所述弹性传送带(14)进入所述液压深耕犁，再通过所述角度调节器(18)进行栽植角度的调整，所述待栽裸根定杆乔灌木插入土壤深度与所述液压深耕犁深入土壤的深度相同，最后通过所述平土板(19)覆盖沙土并压实。
PCT/CN2015/076071 2014-05-12 2015-04-08 乔灌木裸根定杆喷浆栽植机及其使用方法 WO2015172615A1 (zh)

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