WO2015170504A1 - Laser à modes verrouillés, dispositif de traitement de signal optique à haute vitesse, et dispositif de mesure spectroscopique spectrale - Google Patents

Laser à modes verrouillés, dispositif de traitement de signal optique à haute vitesse, et dispositif de mesure spectroscopique spectrale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015170504A1
WO2015170504A1 PCT/JP2015/056298 JP2015056298W WO2015170504A1 WO 2015170504 A1 WO2015170504 A1 WO 2015170504A1 JP 2015056298 W JP2015056298 W JP 2015056298W WO 2015170504 A1 WO2015170504 A1 WO 2015170504A1
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Prior art keywords
mode
optical
laser
pulse
locked
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PCT/JP2015/056298
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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中沢　正隆
吉田　真人
俊彦 廣岡
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国立大学法人東北大学
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Priority to JP2016517830A priority Critical patent/JP6274541B2/ja
Publication of WO2015170504A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015170504A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/083—Ring lasers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mode-locked laser that outputs a high-frequency repetitive femtosecond pulse for use in optical time-division multiplex transmission and that is used as a light source for high-speed optical signal processing and spectrum spectroscopy measurement, and a high-speed mounted with the mode-locked laser.
  • the present invention relates to an optical signal processing device and a spectrum spectrometer.
  • Optical Time Division Multiplexing Optical Time Division Multiplexing
  • OTDM Optical Time Division Multiplexing
  • an active mode-locked laser using an optical modulator as a mode locker is used.
  • the repetition frequency of the laser output pulse can be arbitrarily changed depending on the drive frequency of the optical modulator, so that an optical pulse train having a high repetition frequency in the GHz band can be easily generated.
  • an active mode-locked fiber laser having a LiNbO 3 optical phase modulator generates an optical pulse having a repetition frequency of 40 GHz and a pulse width of 0.85 ps (850 femtoseconds) (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). ).
  • the time width of the optical pulse output from the active mode-locked laser is limited to sub-picoseconds. Therefore, in high-speed OTDM transmission of 1 Tbit / s or more, it is necessary to arrange an optical pulse compression circuit outside the laser. As a result, there is a problem that the base of the optical pulse remains uncompressed, and the main pulse In addition to this, problems such as generation of small parasitic pulses occur. Moreover, since it is necessary to amplify the signal intensity of the optical pulse when compressing the optical pulse, there is a problem that the S / N of the optical pulse deteriorates due to the influence of spontaneous emission light emitted in the process of the optical amplification. .
  • a mode-locked laser capable of directly outputting a femtosecond pulse having a high repetition rate in the GHz band without an optical pulse compression circuit, and It is an object to provide a high-speed optical signal processing apparatus and a spectrum spectroscopic measurement apparatus equipped with the
  • a mode-locked laser according to the present invention is a high-frequency active mode-locked laser in the GHz band using an optical modulator as a mode-locked optical circuit, and a saturable absorber in the laser resonator. And a high frequency repetition femtosecond pulse is output by using the pulse constriction effect by the saturable absorber.
  • a mode-locked laser according to the present invention is a high-frequency active mode-locked laser of GHz band using an optical modulator as a mode-locked optical circuit in a laser resonator, and includes a high-order optical soliton in the laser resonator.
  • a non-linear optical element and an anomalous dispersion medium provided so as to be capable of generating a pulse, a saturable absorber that induces a narrowing of an optical pulse by a saturation effect, and the soliton pulse is incident on the saturable absorber It is preferably configured to output a GHz band high repetition femtosecond pulse.
  • a high-order optical soliton pulse is generated by the nonlinear optical element and the anomalous dispersion medium provided in the laser resonator, and a pulse compression effect can be obtained by the soliton effect.
  • the peak power of the optical pulse that circulates in the laser resonator is equal to or higher than the saturation power of the saturable absorber, the saturation effect of the saturable absorber is induced and the pulse constriction effect is obtained.
  • the mode-locked laser according to the present invention can directly output a femtosecond pulse having a high repetition rate in the GHz band by using both the pulse compression effect and the pulse constriction effect.
  • the mode-locked laser according to the present invention can obtain a pulse compression effect and a pulse constriction effect in the laser resonator, so that it is not necessary to arrange an optical pulse compression circuit outside. For this reason, for example, by using the mode-locked laser according to the present invention as a pulse light source for OTDM transmission, an optical pulse compression circuit becomes unnecessary in the transmission unit, and as a result, the quality of the transmission signal and the SN ratio are greatly improved. Can do.
  • the nonlinear optical element is preferably made of bulk glass, an optical semiconductor material, a silicon fine wire waveguide, a photonic crystal fiber, or a high ⁇ fiber.
  • the anomalous dispersion medium is preferably made of quartz glass fiber, bulk glass, or grating. In these cases, light can be confined in the nonlinear optical element with high density, and high-order optical soliton pulses can be generated effectively. Thereby, an excellent pulse compression effect can be obtained.
  • the laser resonator is preferably composed of a spatially coupled or fiber Fabry-Perot resonator or a ring resonator.
  • the mode-locked laser extracts a clock signal having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency corresponding to the resonator length from a part of the laser output light of the laser resonator, and uses the clock signal to extract the light.
  • the resonance frequency of the laser resonator and the modulation frequency of the light intensity modulation or the optical phase modulation by the optical modulator can always be matched, and a stable pulse oscillation operation can be realized.
  • the mode-locked laser according to the present invention has a frequency stabilization mechanism (negative feedback control mechanism) that stabilizes the repetition frequency and / or optical frequency of the laser output light pulse of the laser resonator. It may be. In this case, the repetition frequency and / or optical frequency of the laser output light pulse can be stabilized, and the functionality of the laser can be improved.
  • a frequency stabilization mechanism negative feedback control mechanism
  • the high-speed optical signal processing apparatus is equipped with the mode-locked laser according to the present invention.
  • the spectral spectroscopy measurement apparatus is equipped with the mode-locked laser according to the present invention.
  • a mode-locked laser capable of directly outputting a femtosecond pulse having a high repetition rate in the GHz band without an optical pulse compression circuit, and a high-speed optical signal processing apparatus and spectrum equipped with the mode-locked laser A spectroscopic measurement device can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a mode-locked laser according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the modification using the soliton effect of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the modification which has a reproduction
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of (a) autocorrelation waveform and (b) optical spectrum waveform showing oscillation characteristics of the mode-locked laser shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 A mode-locked laser according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • an optical amplifier 1 a saturable absorber 2, an optical branching device 3 for extracting a part of the power of an optical pulse circulating in the laser resonator as output light, an optical isolator 4, and an optical modulation used as a mode-locked optical circuit.
  • a mode-locked laser is constructed by connecting the devices 5 in a ring shape.
  • the optical amplifier 1 for example, an erbium-doped optical fiber, an erbium-doped glass, or an optical amplifier using a semiconductor can be used in a wavelength band of 1.55 ⁇ m.
  • an optical material such as a semiconductor, a carbon nanotube, or graphene can be used.
  • the optical modulator 5 uses a traveling wave type intensity and phase modulator using the Pockels effect in LiNbO 3 or a semiconductor, or an intensity and phase modulator using a QCSE (Quantum Confined Stark Effect) effect in the semiconductor. it can.
  • the pump power of the optical amplifier 1 is increased and the pulse compression effect due to the soliton effect is used, so that the peak power of the optical pulse that circulates in the laser resonator is equal to or higher than the saturation power of the saturable absorber 2. It is possible to output an optical pulse narrowed to femtoseconds by the saturable absorption effect induced as a result.
  • the pulse is shortened using the soliton effect induced by these elements, and the laser resonance
  • the laser can be configured so that the peak power of the light pulse that circulates in the chamber is equal to or higher than the saturation power of the saturable absorber 2.
  • the nonlinear optical element 6 for example, bulk glass, an optical semiconductor material, a silicon fine wire waveguide, a photonic crystal fiber, or a high ⁇ fiber capable of confining light at high density can be used.
  • the anomalous dispersion medium 7 quartz glass fiber, bulk glass, or grating can be used.
  • a clock signal having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency corresponding to the resonator length from a part of the laser output light.
  • a reproduction mode locked loop for driving the optical modulator 5 with the extracted clock signal may be configured.
  • the resonance frequency of the laser resonator and the modulation frequency of the light intensity modulation or the optical phase modulation by the optical modulator 5 can always be matched, and a stable pulse oscillation operation can be realized.
  • a frequency stabilization mechanism 12 for stabilizing the repetition frequency and / or optical frequency of the laser output light pulse may be provided.
  • the repetition frequency and / or optical frequency of the laser output light pulse can be stabilized, and the functionality of the laser can be improved.
  • the frequency stabilization mechanism 12 for example, a control circuit such as a laser resonator length, an excitation power of an optical amplifier, or a loop length in a reproduction mode locked loop is effective.
  • the optical amplifier 1 is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier
  • the saturable absorber 2 is a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror
  • the optical modulator 5 is a LiNbO 3 optical phase modulator
  • the nonlinear optical element 6 is a high ⁇ fiber
  • the anomalous dispersion medium 7 is average.
  • a single-mode optical fiber with a dispersion value of 2.8 ps / nm / km is used.
  • the cavity length of the laser is 8.6 m, and the fundamental longitudinal mode interval determined by the cavity length is 24 MHz.
  • the LiNbO 3 optical phase modulator is driven by a 9.2 GHz clock signal (about 380th order higher order beat signal) extracted using the reproduction mode locked loop shown in FIG.
  • Equation (1) represents the propagation of light
  • the first term on the right side represents the group velocity dispersion effect of the optical fiber
  • the second term on the right side represents the optical Kerr effect.
  • Equation (1) when the optical fiber has anomalous dispersion, Equation (1) has a stable solution called a soliton.
  • the basic soliton of the lowest order among the stable solutions is the hyperbolic secant function (sech function) It is represented by This basic soliton is obtained by balancing the pulse broadening due to the anomalous dispersion of the optical fiber and the effect of narrowing the optical pulse by self-phase modulation (positive chirping) due to the optical Kerr effect.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show the autocorrelation waveform and the optical spectrum waveform of the laser output pulse when the soliton effect is introduced and the condition of the saturable absorber 2 is optimally set.
  • a sech type pulse having a pulse width of 440 fs, a spectrum width of 710 GHz, and a time bandwidth product of 0.32 is output.
  • the time width of the shortest pulse obtained when the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is removed from this laser resonator is 880 fs. If the soliton compression effect is not used, the pulse width is about 1 to 2 ps.
  • FIG. 6 is a result of analyzing the state in which pulses are generated every round in the laser resonator using spontaneous emission light noise as seed light in the mode-locked laser having the oscillation characteristics shown in FIG. 6A corresponds to the case where the saturable absorber 2 is not inserted into the laser resonator, and FIG. 6B corresponds to the case where the saturable absorber 2 is inserted.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a mode-locked laser according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • an optical amplifier 1, a saturable absorber 2, and an optical modulator 5 are arranged between a pair of reflecting mirrors 13 to form a Fabry-Perot resonator, and the power of an optical pulse generated in the resonator.
  • a mode-locked laser that extracts a part of the light as the transmitted light of the reflecting mirror 13 is constructed.
  • the operation principle of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the nonlinear optical element 6 and the anomalous dispersion medium 7 are inserted into the laser resonator of the second embodiment, and the pulse is shortened using the soliton effect induced by these elements.
  • You may comprise the laser which makes the peak electric power of the optical pulse which circulates in the laser resonator more than the saturation electric power of the saturable absorber 2.
  • FIG. 8 As a result, femtosecond pulses having a high repetition rate in the GHz band can be directly output.
  • a clock signal having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency corresponding to the resonator length is extracted by the laser output light from one of the reflecting mirrors 13 and the clock extractor 9, and a phase shifter is extracted.
  • 10 and the electric amplifier 11 may be used to adjust the phase and amplitude, and then a reproduction mode locked loop for driving the optical modulator 5 with the extracted clock signal may be configured.
  • a frequency stabilization mechanism 12 for stabilizing the repetition frequency and / or optical frequency of the laser output light pulse may be provided.
  • the present invention provides a mode-locked laser that outputs femtosecond pulses having a high repetition rate in the GHz band. Since the femtosecond pulse having a higher S / N ratio than the laser can be directly output without pulse compression outside the laser, the laser of the present invention is useful as a pulse light source for OTDM transmission.
  • the mode-locked laser according to the present invention can be used as a light source by being mounted on a high-speed optical signal processing device, a spectral spectroscopy measurement device, or the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème à résoudre dans le cadre de l'invention consiste à fournir un laser à modes verrouillés qui peut transmettre directement une impulsion femtoseconde ayant une fréquence répétitive élevée dans une bande GHz sans circuit de compression d'impulsion optique. La solution consiste en un laser à modes verrouillés qui utilise un modulateur optique (5) comme circuit optique à modes verrouillés dans un résonateur laser, ledit laser comprenant, dans le résonateur laser, un élément optique non linéaire (6) et un milieu de dispersion anormale (7) qui sont disposées de façon à pouvoir générer une impulsion de soliton optique d'ordre supérieur, et un absorbeur saturable (2) qui provoque le rétrécissement d'une impulsion optique par son effet de saturation, et est configuré de sorte à transmettre une impulsion femtoseconde répétitive élevée dans la bande GHz en amenant l'impulsion de solitons générée dans l'élément optique non linéaire (6) et le milieu de dispersion anormale (7) à être incidents sur l'absorbeur saturable (2).
PCT/JP2015/056298 2014-05-08 2015-03-04 Laser à modes verrouillés, dispositif de traitement de signal optique à haute vitesse, et dispositif de mesure spectroscopique spectrale WO2015170504A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105305209A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-02-03 南京大学 一种高重复频率的极紫外超快时间分辨光电能谱系统
CN111889834A (zh) * 2020-07-06 2020-11-06 安徽华东光电技术研究所有限公司 高次模吸收器的新型结构和制造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1074999A (ja) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-17 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> レーザパルス発振器
JP2006511949A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2006-04-06 株式会社アルネアラボラトリ 光パルスレーザ
JP2012038849A (ja) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-23 Tohoku Univ 半導体光位相変調器を用いた高繰り返しフェムト秒ファイバレーザ
JP2014063042A (ja) * 2012-09-21 2014-04-10 Nagoya Univ スーパーコンティニュアム光源及び光断層計測装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1074999A (ja) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-17 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> レーザパルス発振器
JP2006511949A (ja) * 2002-12-20 2006-04-06 株式会社アルネアラボラトリ 光パルスレーザ
JP2012038849A (ja) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-23 Tohoku Univ 半導体光位相変調器を用いた高繰り返しフェムト秒ファイバレーザ
JP2014063042A (ja) * 2012-09-21 2014-04-10 Nagoya Univ スーパーコンティニュアム光源及び光断層計測装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C.S.JUN ET AL.: "Low noise GHz passive harmonic mode-locking of soliton fiber laser using evanescent wave interaction with carbon nanotubes", OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 20, 26 September 2011 (2011-09-26), pages 19775 - 19780, XP055235584 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105305209A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-02-03 南京大学 一种高重复频率的极紫外超快时间分辨光电能谱系统
CN105305209B (zh) * 2015-11-04 2018-07-10 南京大学 一种高重复频率的极紫外超快时间分辨光电能谱系统
CN111889834A (zh) * 2020-07-06 2020-11-06 安徽华东光电技术研究所有限公司 高次模吸收器的新型结构和制造方法

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