WO2015169692A2 - Installation et procédé pour fournir une puissance réactive - Google Patents

Installation et procédé pour fournir une puissance réactive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015169692A2
WO2015169692A2 PCT/EP2015/059567 EP2015059567W WO2015169692A2 WO 2015169692 A2 WO2015169692 A2 WO 2015169692A2 EP 2015059567 W EP2015059567 W EP 2015059567W WO 2015169692 A2 WO2015169692 A2 WO 2015169692A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
primary
winding
tertiary
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/059567
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2015169692A3 (fr
Inventor
Andrey Gavrilov
Alexander Reich
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Publication of WO2015169692A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015169692A2/fr
Publication of WO2015169692A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015169692A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1878—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using tap changing or phase shifting transformers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system that can provide reactive power in an AC network, in particular a system for providing reactive power in an AC network, a method for providing reactive power in an AC network, the use of such a system and an AC network with such a system.
  • thyristor-controlled compensation chokes consist of a series connection of a choke and a bidirectional thyristor switch and are also referred to as "TCR" as an abbreviation for "Thyristor Controlled Reactor".
  • TCR Thyristor Controlled Reactor
  • the compensation current supplied to the alternating current network is not sinusoidal, harmonics occur throughout the system, which must be compensated by means of additional filters. In addition, it can lead to a very heavy load of the thyristor switch. These must be designed for the total reactive power to be compensated, which is the product of the mains voltage and the current connected by means of the thyristor switch. In the closed or conductive state, these thyristor switches must conduct the entire current. In this case, the more reactive power is compensated, the higher currents are switched. In the open or blocking or non-conducting state, the thyristor switches must block all the voltage specified by the AC mains. These disadvantages limit the field of application of the thyristor-controlled compensation chokes, so that only reactive power up to 50 Mvar and voltages up to 36 kV can be controlled.
  • MCSR Magnetically controlled Shunt Reactor
  • the corresponding reactive power compensation systems comprise a high-voltage winding and a control winding on a common iron core. When a DC voltage is applied to the control winding, the iron core is driven into saturation, so that more inductive reactive current flows in the high-voltage winding.
  • the invention proposes a system which can provide and / or influence reactive power and / or reactive current in an AC network and, in particular, serves for providing and / or influencing reactive power and / or reactive current in an AC network
  • a two-terminal block having a first two-pole terminal and a second two-terminal terminal, which has a non-zero reactance and is in particular passive and / or linear and / or time-invariant;
  • An adjustable transformation ratio transformer which has a high or low side or primary side with a first primary terminal and a first primary terminal and a second primary terminal or a second primary terminal and an undervoltage or secondary side with a first secondary terminal or a first secondary terminal and a second Secondary terminal or a second secondary terminal comprises;
  • a switching device for setting the transmission ratio of the transformer
  • the first primary terminal can be connected to a power line of the AC mains or is;
  • the gear ratio is the ratio of the effective number of turns of the secondary side, ie the number of turns of the current-carrying part of the secondary side, and the effective number of turns of the primary side, ie the number of turns of the current-carrying part of the primary side.
  • the transformer equation it is also the ratio of the secondary voltage, ie the voltage on the secondary side, and the primary voltage, ie the voltage on the primary side, and at the same time the ratio of the primary current, ie the current on the primary side, and the secondary current, So the power on the secondary side.
  • the reactive power provided by the system is proportional to the square of the primary voltage and also proportional to the square of the transmission ratio:
  • the reactive power provided by the system is thus reduced in a quadratic-proportional manner.
  • Increasing the transmission ratio thus increases the reactive power provided by the system in a quadratic-proportional manner.
  • the proposed system is very simple and allows a fast and low-loss provision of reactive power up to several 100 Mvar.
  • the dipole may be formed as desired in any manner and may have, for example, a positive or negative or constant or variable or adjustable reactance. If the reactance is positive, it behaves like a choke, and the proposed plant can provide positive or inductive reactive power and / or positive or inductive reactive current, if negative it behaves as one Capacitor and the proposed system can provide negative or capacitive reactive power and / or negative or capacitive reactive current.
  • the transformer can be designed as desired in any desired manner, for example as an oil transformer or dry transformer, and / or be adjustable or adjustable, for example, on the primary side and / or the secondary side.
  • the switching device may be formed as desired in any manner and be integrated, for example, in the transformer.
  • the first or second secondary terminal may be connected to ground or to earth potential or to a neutral point or to a vertex of a delta connection.
  • the switching device is connected to the primary side and / or the secondary side and designed such that it can adjust the transmission ratio of the transformer.
  • the proposed system may be formed as desired in any manner and include, for example, at least one additional or further dipole and / or at least one additional or further transformer and / or at least one additional or further switching device.
  • the proposed system can be designed as desired in any manner, for example, single-phase or multi-phase, in particular three-phase. If the system is designed to be multi-phase, then, for example, the two-terminal and / or the transformer and / or the switching device can likewise be designed to be multi-phase. Alternatively, for example, a single-phase two-terminal and / or a single-phase transformer and / or a single-phase switching device may be provided or provided for each phase.
  • a plurality of single-phase bipoles or the partial bipoles of a multi-phase dipole can be interconnected, for example, in star connection or delta connection.
  • the primary sides of a plurality of single-phase transformers or the primary sides of a polyphase transformer can, for example, be connected together in star connection or delta connection.
  • the secondary sides of a plurality of single-phase transformers or the secondary sides of a polyphase transformer can, for example, be connected together in star connection or delta connection.
  • the power line may be formed as desired in any manner and, for example, a phase of the AC mains or as a neutral neutral be assigned point or neutral point of the AC network.
  • the system can be embodied in a multi-phase manner and one of the primary sides can be connected to the respective mains line for each phase.
  • one of the proposed systems can be provided or present in single-phase training, which is connected to the respective power line.
  • the second primary terminal can or is connected to a drain.
  • the drain may be connected to ground or to earth potential or to a star point or to a corner point of a delta connection or to the power line to which the first primary terminal is or is connected, or to another power line of the ac network.
  • the derivative is or is connected to the power line to which the first primary terminal is or is connected, it is preferably such that the primary side is serially connected to the power line.
  • the power line comprises a first and a second power line section, which are galvanically separated from each other, and the first primary terminal is or is connected to the first power line section and the drain is connected to the second power line section.
  • the two defined by this separation power line sections are electrically connected via the serially connected with them primary side.
  • At least one of the two poles comprises a throttle having a first throttle terminal and a second throttle terminal;
  • the first throttle terminal with the first two-terminal and the second throttle terminal is electrically connected to the second two terminal clamp or can be.
  • the throttle terminals form the two terminals and / or the inductor is inductively separated from the transformer. It may be provided or specified that
  • At least one of the two poles comprises a capacitor having a first capacitor terminal and a second capacitor terminal;
  • the first capacitor terminal with the first two-terminal and the second capacitor terminal to the second two-terminal is electrically connected or can be.
  • the capacitor terminals form the two terminal clamps.
  • At least one of the two poles is a two-pole with adjustable reactance. It may be provided or specified that at least one of the two poles comprises a selection device which is designed such that it can electrically conductively connect the choke or the capacitor to the two terminal clamps.
  • the selection device comprises a changeover switch having a first external contact, a second external contact and a center contact;
  • the center contact is electrically connected to the second two terminal clamp.
  • the center contact is electrically connected to the first two terminal clamp.
  • the selection device comprises a first selection switch and a second selection switch
  • the first selection switch and the throttle are connected to a first series circuit and the second selection switch and the capacitor to a second series circuit;
  • the selection device has a first selection switch and a second selection Switch comprises;
  • the series circuits are electrically connected at their centers via a bridge branch.
  • the primary side has a trunk winding and a control winding
  • the switching device is designed in such a way and in particular connected to the control winding and the second primary terminal in such a way that, in particular or optionally,
  • the main winding can electrically conduct over at least part of the control winding to the second primary terminal or the drain; and / or »the parent winding, bypassing the control winding with the second primary terminal or the derivative can connect electrically conductive, and / or
  • the main winding can connect in series or antiseries with at least part of the control winding electrically conductive.
  • the switching device can thus set a transmission ratio by establishing a connection between the main winding and the second primary terminal over at least part of the control winding, and set a greater gear ratio by making this connection, bypassing the control winding.
  • the switching device can thus set a transmission ratio by producing a serial or co-axial connection between the main winding and the at least one part of the control winding, and set a higher transmission ratio by reversely or oppositely or antisubstantially or in opposite directions.
  • control winding is galvanically separated from the respective parent winding for this purpose. It may be provided or specified that
  • the secondary side has a main winding and a control winding
  • the switching device is formed in such a way and in particular connected to the control winding and the second secondary terminal, that they, in particular optionally or as needed,
  • the main winding can connect electrically conductively via at least part of the control winding to the second secondary terminal or the second two terminal block;
  • the parent winding, bypassing the control winding with the second secondary terminal or the second two terminal clamp can electrically connect; and or
  • the main winding can connect in series or antiseries with at least part of the control winding electrically conductive.
  • the switching device can thus set a transmission ratio by establishing a connection between the main winding and the second secondary terminal or second two-terminal via at least a part of the control winding, and set a smaller gear ratio by making this connection, bypassing the control winding.
  • the switching device can thus set a transmission ratio by producing a serial or co-directional connection between the main winding and the at least one part of the control winding, and set a smaller gear ratio by reversing or opposite or antiserial or opposite directions of the control winding produces this connection.
  • the control winding is galvanically separated from the respective parent winding for this purpose.
  • the primary side and / or the secondary side can be configured as desired in any desired manner and, for example, comprise at least one additional or further main winding and / or at least one additional or further control winding.
  • the trunk windings and control windings are inductively coupled together.
  • Each control winding may be formed as desired in any manner and include, for example, at least one tap.
  • the taps subdivide the respective control winding into corresponding parts.
  • Each switching device may be formed as desired in any manner and, for example, connected to each main winding and / or each control winding and / or each tap and formed so that they, especially optionally or as needed, the parent windings, the control windings and the On - taps suitably connect together to set a desired gear ratio.
  • the switching device is designed such that it, in particular optionally or as required,
  • ⁇ Can disconnect the connection between power line and primary side or first primary terminal and / or the connection between primary side or second primary terminal and discharge;
  • the switching device can thus end the reactive power supply by disconnecting on the primary side and / or by disconnecting on the secondary side.
  • the number of turns of the control winding is less than or equal to or greater than the number of turns of the respective parent winding.
  • the primary side is galvanically isolated from the secondary side.
  • the transformer is designed as an autotransformer.
  • control winding is galvanically isolated from the respective parent winding.
  • the switching device comprises four switches, which are connected as a bridge with a bridge branch, which forms the control winding.
  • the switching device can be configured as desired in any desired manner, for example as described in WO 2012 079 666 A2 or DE 10 201 1010 388 A1 or DE 10 201 1012 080 A1, and / or for example comprising at least one additional or further switch ,
  • control winding has a first tap which is or can be electrically connected to the main winding and the switching device, and has a second tap which is or can be electrically connected to the second primary clamp; and or on the secondary side, the control winding has a first tap which is or can be electrically connected to the main winding and the switching device, and has a second tap which is or can be electrically connected to the second secondary clamp.
  • Each control winding may be formed as desired in any manner and include, for example, at least one additional or further tap.
  • the further taps are arranged between the respective first and second taps and electrically conductively connected or connectable to the switching device. The taps divide the control winding into corresponding parts.
  • the first and / or each additional tap can be electrically conductively connected to the second primary terminal via the switching device and / or the first and / or each additional tap can be electrically connected to the second secondary terminal via the switching device on the secondary side , It may be provided or specified that
  • the switching means comprises a switch connected between the first tap and the second primary terminal and / or a switch connected between the second tap and the second primary terminal; and or
  • the switching means comprises a switch which is connected between the first tap and the second two-terminal, and / or comprises a switch which is connected between the second tap and the second secondary terminal.
  • control winding is preferably galvanically separated from the respective main winding on the primary side and / or the secondary side.
  • each of the proposed systems comprises a control device which is designed such that it can send a setting signal to the switching device.
  • the switching device is preferably designed such that it can set the transmission ratio as a function of the setting signal.
  • the control device is connected to the switching device or coupled and / or integrated into the switching device. It can be provided or specified that the control device is designed such that it can generate the setting signal as a function of at least one electrical variable of the power line and / or the alternating current network and / or the first primary terminal. It can be provided or specified that each of the proposed systems comprises a measuring device which is designed such that it detects and / or measure at least one electrical variable of the power line and / or the alternating current network and / or the first primary terminal and generates a corresponding measurement signal can, wherein the control device is designed such that it can generate the adjustment signal in response to the measurement signal.
  • Each electrical quantity may be chosen as desired, such as voltage or current or phase shift angle or power factor or reactive power or active power or apparent power.
  • the measuring device is connected or coupled to the power line and / or the switching device and / or the control device and / or integrated into the switching device or the control device.
  • control device is designed such that it can generate the adjustment signal in dependence on a remote control signal.
  • the remote control signal may be generated, for example, by a remote control device which may be connected or coupled to the control device.
  • control device is designed such that it controls the switching device and / or the selection device by pulse width modulation and / or phase angle control and / or Phasenabitess- and / or the adjustment signal by pulse width modulation and / or phase control and / or Phase control can generate.
  • the switching device preferably comprises semiconductor switches.
  • Each switching device can be designed as desired in any manner, for example as an on-load tap-changer with mechanical switching contacts and / or vacuum interrupters and / or semiconductor switches and / or as described in DE 10 2009 043 171 A1 or DE 10 2010 019 948 A1 or DE 10 2012 103 489 A1 or WO 2012 079 666 A2 or DE 10 201 1 010 388 A1 or DE 10 201 1 012 080 A1.
  • Each switch may be formed as desired in any manner, such as a mechanical or vacuum interrupter or semiconductor switch, and / or, for example, at least one mechanical switch and / or at least one vacuum interrupter and / or at least one thyristor and / or at least one GTO thyristor and / or at least one IGC thyristor and / or at least one TRIAC and / or at least one IGBT and / or at least one power MOSFET and / or at least one DMOSFET.
  • a mechanical or vacuum interrupter or semiconductor switch and / or, for example, at least one mechanical switch and / or at least one vacuum interrupter and / or at least one thyristor and / or at least one GTO thyristor and / or at least one IGC thyristor and / or at least one TRIAC and / or at least one IGBT and / or at least one power MOSFET and / or at least one DMOSFET.
  • Each semiconductor switch may be formed as desired in any manner, and for example at least one thyristor and / or at least one GTO thyristor and / or at least one IGC thyristor and / or at least one TRIAC and / or at least one IGBT and / or at least comprise a power MOSFET and / or at least one DMOSFET and / or at least one pair of antiparallel-connected thyristors and / or at least one pair of antipersonal switched IGBTs and are preferably driven by pulse width modulation and / or phase angle control and / or phased-array control, whereby any intermediate virtual values of the transmission ratio can be realized.
  • each of the proposed systems comprises a second dipole having a third dipole terminal and a fourth dipole terminal having a non-zero reactance, wherein
  • the transformer comprises a tertiary side with a first tertiary clamp and a second tertiary clamp;
  • the first tertiary terminal is connected to the third two-pole terminal and the second tertiary terminal is connected to the fourth two terminal block;
  • the tertiary side has a main winding and a control winding
  • the switching device is designed such that they
  • Tertiärklemme or the fourth bipolar terminal electrically connected can connect; and or
  • the main winding can connect in series or antiseries with at least part of the control winding electrically conductive.
  • a second dipole having a third dipole terminal and a fourth dipole terminal having a non-zero reactance
  • a second switching device for adjusting the transmission ratio of the transformer
  • the transformer comprises a tertiary side with a first tertiary clamp and a second tertiary clamp;
  • the first tertiary terminal is connected to the third two-pole terminal and the second tertiary terminal is connected to the fourth two terminal block;
  • the tertiary side has a main winding and a control winding
  • the second switching device is designed such that it on the tertiary side
  • the main winding can electrically conduct over at least a part of the control winding with the second tertiary terminal or the fourth two-pole terminal;
  • Tertiärklemme or the fourth bipolar terminal electrically connected can connect; and or
  • each of the proposed facilities comprises
  • a second dipole having a third dipole terminal and a fourth dipole terminal having a non-zero reactance
  • a second switching device for adjusting the transmission ratio of the transformer
  • the transformer comprises a tertiary side with a first tertiary clamp and a second tertiary clamp;
  • the first tertiary terminal is connected to the third two-pole terminal and the second tertiary terminal is connected to the fourth two terminal block;
  • the tertiary side has a control winding;
  • the second switching device is designed such that it on the tertiary side
  • the tertiary side can be designed as desired in any desired manner and, for example, comprise at least one additional or further main winding and / or at least one additional or further control winding.
  • the main windings and control windings are inductively coupled with each other and with the main windings and control windings of the primary side and the secondary side.
  • the reactances of the first and the second dipole are unequal and in particular have opposite signs.
  • the first or second tertiary terminal may be connected to ground or ground potential or to a neutral point or to a vertex of a delta connection.
  • the switching device is connected to the primary side and / or the secondary side and / or the tertiary side and configured such that it can set the transmission ratio between the primary side and secondary side and / or the transmission ratio between the primary side and tertiary side and / or the transmission ratio between the secondary side and tertiary side , It may be provided or specified that the tertiary side is galvanically isolated from the primary side and / or the secondary side.
  • each of the proposed systems is designed and / or serves and / or is suitable for carrying out and / or carrying out one of the proposed methods and / or for carrying out one of the proposed methods can.
  • the invention proposes a method for providing and / or influencing reactive power and / or reactive current in an AC network, wherein
  • a dipole with a first two terminal clamp and a second two terminal clamp is provided or has a non-zero reactance
  • a transformer having an adjustable transmission ratio which has a high-voltage or primary side with a first primary terminal or a first primary terminal and a second primary terminal or a second primary terminal and an undervoltage or secondary side having a first secondary terminal or a first secondary terminal and a second secondary terminal or a second secondary terminal;
  • the first primary terminal is or is connected to a power line of the AC mains
  • the first secondary terminal is or is connected to the first two-pole terminal and the second secondary terminal is connected to the second two-pole terminal;
  • the transformation ratio of the transformer is adjusted or adjusted or changed.
  • the proposed method allows a very simple and fast provision of reactive power up to several 100 Mvar.
  • the proposed method can be carried out, for example, with one of the proposed systems.
  • the throttle and / or the transformer may for example be part of one of the proposed systems.
  • the second primary terminal is or will be connected to a drain.
  • the primary side has a main winding and a control winding
  • the gear ratio is adjusted by, in particular or optionally,
  • the main winding is electrically conductively connected to the second primary terminal via at least part of the control winding; and or
  • the main winding is electrically connected to the second primary terminal, bypassing the control winding; and or
  • the master winding is connected in series or antiserial with at least part of the control winding electrically conductive.
  • the secondary side has a main winding and a control winding
  • the main winding is electrically conductively connected to the second secondary terminal or the second two terminal via at least part of the control winding;
  • the master winding is connected in series or antiserial with at least part of the control winding electrically conductive.
  • At least one electrical size of the power line and / or the AC mains and / or the first primary terminal is detected or measured;
  • the gear ratio is set in dependence on the detected variables.
  • gear ratio is adjusted in response to a remote control signal.
  • the transmission ratio is set by pulse width modulation and / or phase angle control and / or phase sequence control.
  • the invention proposes according to a third aspect of prior use of a system, which is formed according to the first aspect, for
  • the invention proposes, in accordance with a fourth aspect, an alternating current network comprising: a first power line;
  • the first primary terminal is connected to the first power line.
  • each of the proposed AC power grids includes a drain to which the second primary terminal is connected.
  • the derivative is connected to ground or to earth potential or to a star point or to a corner point of a delta connection or to the first power line or to another power line of the AC network.
  • each of the proposed AC power grids includes a second power line to which the drain is connected.
  • Each power line may be formed as desired in any manner and be associated with, for example, a phase of the AC network or as a neutral neutral point or neutral point of the AC network.
  • the first power line comprises a first power line section and a second power line section, which are galvanically isolated from each other;
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an alternating current network with a first embodiment of a system for providing reactive power, which is a first
  • Embodiment of a two-pole comprises;
  • FIG. FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the AC network with a second embodiment of the plant, which comprises a second embodiment of the two-pole;
  • FIG. FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the AC network with a third embodiment of the plant, which comprises a third embodiment of the two-pole;
  • FIG. FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the alternating current network with a fourth embodiment of the installation, which comprises a fourth embodiment of the two-pole;
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the two-pole of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the two-pole of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the two-pole of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 8 shows a fifth embodiment of the AC network with a fifth embodiment of the plant
  • FIG. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the AC network with a sixth
  • FIG. 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the AC network with a seventh
  • FIG. FIG. 1 shows an eighth embodiment of the AC network with an eighth embodiment of the system
  • FIG. FIG. 12 shows a ninth embodiment of the AC network with a ninth embodiment of the plant
  • FIG. 13 shows a tenth embodiment of the alternating current network with one tenth
  • FIG. 14 shows an eleventh embodiment of the AC network with an eleventh embodiment of the plant
  • FIG. 15 shows a twelfth embodiment of the alternating current network with a twelfth
  • Embodiment of the plant Embodiment of the plant.
  • FIG. 1 a first embodiment of an alternating current network 10 with a first power line 101 and a second power line 102 is shown schematically.
  • the first power line 101 is associated with one phase of the AC power network 10
  • the second power line 102 is a neutral conductor.
  • the alternating current network 10 may have at least one additional or further phase, to each of which an additional or further power line (not shown) is assigned, and in particular three phases.
  • the AC network 10 comprises a plant 1 1 for providing and / or influencing reactive power in the AC network 10, which is formed according to a first embodiment.
  • the plant 1 1 comprises a two-terminal 12 having a first two pole terminal 121 and a second two pole terminal 122, an adjustable ratio transformer 13, a switching means 14 symbolically represented by the control arrow for setting the transmission ratio of the transformer 13, a control means 15 and a internal measuring device 16.
  • the two-terminal 12 is formed according to a first embodiment in which it has a constant non-zero reactance.
  • the transformer 13 comprises a primary side 17 having a first primary terminal 171 and a second primary terminal 172, a secondary side 18 having a first secondary terminal 181 and a second secondary terminal 182.
  • the first primary terminal 171 is on the first power line 101 connected, the second primary terminal 172 to a derivative 19, the first secondary terminal 181 to the first two-terminal 121, and the second secondary terminal 182 to the second two-terminal 122.
  • the derivative 19 is connected here by way of example to ground.
  • the internal measuring device 16 is coupled to the first power line 101 and the control device 15.
  • the control device 15 is coupled to the switching device 14 and is designed such that it can generate a first setting signal as a function of the first measuring signal and thus of the reactive power and send it to the switching device 14.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it can set the transmission ratio in dependence on the first setting signal. By changing the transmission ratio, the reactive power provided by the system 1 1 is changed.
  • the method is carried out by way of example with the system 11.
  • the reactive power of the phase assigned to the first power line 101 is detected. This is done by way of example by means of the measuring device 16.
  • the transmission ratio of the transformer 13 is set as a function of the detected reactive power. This is done by way of example by means of the control device 15 and the switching device 14. By changing the transmission ratio, the dependent reactive power on the primary side 17 is changed accordingly and thus see through the connection between the first primary terminal 171 and the first power line 101, the reactive power of the first Power line 101 influenced.
  • a second embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a second embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the two-terminal 12 is formed according to a second embodiment in which it is a throttle 20 having a first throttle terminal 201 and a second throttle terminal 202, which form the two terminal clamps 121, 122.
  • the throttle 20 is inductively separated from the transformer 13, that is, both from the primary side 17 and the secondary side 18. Since the reactance of the reactor 20 is positive, this plant can provide 1 1 inductive reactive power and / or affect the reactive power in the inductive direction.
  • the measuring device 16 is omitted and the control device 15 is coupled to a remote control device 21, which is designed such that it can generate a remote control signal and send it to the control device 15.
  • the control device 15 is designed such that it can generate the first setting signal in dependence on the remote control signal and send it to the switching device 14.
  • FIG. 3 a third embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that in the following the differences are explained in more detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a third embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the two-terminal 12 is formed according to a third embodiment, in which it is a capacitor 22 having a first capacitor terminal 221 and a second capacitor terminal 222, which form the two-terminal clamps 121, 122. Since the reactance of the capacitor 22 is negative, this system can provide 1 1 capacitive reactive power and / or affect the reactive power in the capacitive direction.
  • the control device 15 is coupled to a remote control device 21, which is coupled to an external measuring device 16 '.
  • the external measuring device 16 ' here is an example reactive power meter, coupled at a different coupling point than the internal measuring device 16 to the first power line 101 and configured such that they detect the reactive power of the first power line 101 associated phase and generate a corresponding second measurement signal and at the remote controller 21 can send.
  • the connection point at which the first primary terminal 171 is connected to the first power line 101 lies, by way of example, between the coupling points at which the measuring devices 16, 16 'are coupled to the first power line 101.
  • the external measuring device 16 'to the second Power line 102 coupled and configured to detect the reactive power and / or another electrical variable of the second power line 102 and generate a corresponding third measurement signal and can send to the remote control device 21.
  • the remote control device 21 is configured such that it can generate a remote control signal as a function of the second measurement signal and thus of the reactive power and / or as a function of the third measurement signal and send it to the control device 15.
  • the control device 15 is designed such that it can generate a second setting signal in dependence on the remote control signal and thus on the second measuring signal and thus on the reactive power and can send it to the switching device 14.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it can set the transmission ratio not only as a function of the first setting signal but also alternatively or additionally in dependence on the second setting signal.
  • the control device 15 could be designed such that it can generate the first setting signal not only as a function of the first measuring signal but also alternatively or additionally in dependence on the remote control signal.
  • the remote control device 21 is coupled to the switching device 14 and configured such that it can also send the remote control signal to the switching device 14.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it can set the transmission ratio not only in dependence on the first setting signal and / or the second setting signal, but also alternatively or additionally in dependence on the remote control signal.
  • FIG. 4 a fourth embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a fourth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the two-terminal 12 is formed according to a fourth embodiment, in which it has an adjustable or variable or variable reactance equal to zero and is coupled to the control device 15.
  • the control device 15 is designed in such a way that it can generate a third setting signal as a function of the first measuring signal and thus of the reactive power and send it to the two-pole 12.
  • the two-terminal 12 is designed such that it has its reactance as a function of can adjust the third setting signal. By changing the reactance, the reactive power provided by the plant 1 1 is changed.
  • the second two terminal 122 is connected to ground by way of example.
  • the internal measuring device 16 is coupled to the first primary terminal 171 and thus via this to the first power line 101.
  • the two-terminal 12 includes a reactor 20 having a first reactor 201 and a second reactor 202, a capacitor 22 having a first capacitor 221 and a second capacitor 222 and a selector 23.
  • the reactor 20 is inductively disconnected from the transformer 13.
  • the first throttle terminal 201 is electrically connected to the first two pole terminal 121.
  • the first capacitor terminal 221 is electrically conductively connected to the first two-pole terminal 121.
  • the selection device 23 is coupled to the control device 15 and designed such that it can electrically connect the inductor 20 or the capacitor 22 with the two terminal clamps 121, 122 as a function of the third setting signal.
  • the selector 23 comprises a toggle switch 24 having a first outer contact 241, a second outer contact 242, and a movable center contact 243.
  • the first outer contact 241 is electrically connected to the second throttle terminal 202 and the second outer contact 242 is electrically connected to the second capacitor terminal 222.
  • the center contact 243 is electrically conductively connected to the second two-pole terminal 122.
  • the changeover switch 24 is coupled to the control device 15 and is designed such that it can apply the center contact 243 in response to the third setting signal either to the first 241 or the second external contact 242. If the center contact 243 is applied to the first external contact 241, the second throttle terminal 202 is electrically connected to the second two-terminal 122, so that the reactance of the two-pole 12 is positive. If the center contact 243 is applied to the second external contact 242, then the second capacitor terminal 222 is electrically connected to the second two-terminal 122, so that the reactance of the two-pole 12 is negative.
  • a sixth embodiment of Zweipols 12 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment of the two-pole 12, so that below the differences are explained in more detail below.
  • the selection device 23 comprises a first selection switch 25 and a second selection switch 26.
  • the first selection switch 25 is electrically connected to the second throttle terminal 202 and the second two-terminal 122, so that it forms a first series connection with the throttle 20.
  • the second selection switch 26 is electrically connected to the second capacitor terminal 222 and the second two-terminal 122, so that it forms a second series circuit with the capacitor 22.
  • the first throttle terminal 201 and the first capacitor terminal 221 are electrically connected to the first two pole terminal 121, so that the series circuits are connected in parallel between the two pole terminals 121, 122.
  • the selector switches 25, 26 are coupled to the control device 15 and designed such that either the first 25 or the second selector switch 26 is closed in response to the third setting signal.
  • the second throttle terminal 202 is electrically connected to the second two-terminal 122, so that the reactance of the two-pole 12 is positive. If the second selection switch 26 is closed, then the second capacitor terminal 222 is electrically connected to the second two-terminal 122, so that the reactance of the two-pole 12 is negative.
  • FIG. 7 a seventh embodiment of the two-pole 12 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the sixth embodiment of the two-pole 12, so that below the differences are explained in more detail below.
  • the first selection switch 25 is electrically connected to the second selection switch 26 and the second two-terminal 122, so that it forms a first series connection with the second selection switch 26.
  • the throttle 20 is electrically connected to the second capacitor terminal 222 and the second two-terminal 122, so that it forms a second series circuit with the capacitor 22.
  • the second selection switch 26 and the first capacitor terminal 221 are electrically conductively connected to the first two pole terminal 121, so that the series circuits are connected in parallel between the two terminal terminals 121, 122.
  • the series circuits are electrically conductively connected at their centers, ie on the one hand between the selector switches 25, 26 and on the other hand between the second throttle terminal 202 and the first capacitor terminal 221 via a bridge branch 27.
  • the second capacitor terminal 222 is electrically connected not only to the first reactor 201, but also to the second two terminal 122 and the second reactor 202, so that the reactor 20 is connected across the bridge branch 27 and the first selector switch 25 is bridged and the reactance of the dipole 12 is negative.
  • the first throttle terminal 201 is electrically connected not only to the second capacitor terminal 222 but also to the first two terminal 121 and the first capacitor terminal 221, so that the capacitor 22 is connected across the bridge branch 27 and the second selection switch 26 is bridged and the reactance of Zweipol 12 is positive.
  • FIG. 8 a fifth embodiment of the AC network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a fifth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the primary side 17 has a main winding 28 with one end of the first primary terminal 171 terminal 281 and a control winding 29 with a first tap 291 and a second tap 292.
  • the first tap 291 is electrically connected to the end tap 281 and the switching device 14, so that the main winding 28 and the control winding 29 are not electrically isolated from each other, but electrically connected to each other.
  • the second tap 292 is electrically connected to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the switching device 14 comprises a first switch 30, a second switch 31 and a third switch 32, which are coupled to the control device 15.
  • the first switch 30 is connected between the first tap 291 and the second primary terminal 172.
  • the second switch 31 is connected between the second tap 292 and the second primary terminal 172.
  • the third switch 32 is connected between the first primary terminal 171 and the first power line 101.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28 in a first case over the whole, serially connected control winding 29 or in a second case, bypassing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29 with the second primary terminal 172 electrical can conduct electricity.
  • the first switch 30 is opened and the second switch 31 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in the same direction through the main winding 28 and control winding 29 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the first switch 30 is closed and the second switch 31 is opened. Consequently, the current can flow through the main winding 28 and directly, ie past the control winding 29, to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the second switch 31 could also be closed. Consequently, the current could flow through the main winding 28 and to a part directly, ie past the control winding 29, to the second primary terminal 172 and flow to another part through the control winding 29 and thereby lead to a circulating current.
  • the secondary side 18 has, for example, 100 turns, the main winding 28 by way of example 500 turns, and the control winding 29 by way of example 500 turns, so that the primary side 17 has a total of 1000 turns.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it, depending on the setting signal, the connection between the first power line 101 and primary side 17 and / or the connection between the primary side 17 and 19 discharge can separate.
  • the third switch 32 is opened and the first 30 and / or the second switch 31 is closed.
  • the third switch 32 is closed and the first 30 and the second switch 31 are opened.
  • the third 32, the first 30 and the second switch 31 are opened.
  • FIG. 9 a sixth embodiment of the AC network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the plant 1 1 is formed according to a sixth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the control winding 29 includes a third tap 293 disposed between the first 291 and the second tap 292 and electrically connected to the switching device 14 and dividing the control winding 29 into corresponding parts.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it can connect the main winding 28 and the suitable parts of the control winding 29 via the corresponding taps 291, 292, 293 for setting a desired transmission ratio.
  • the first switch 30 is formed as a changeover switch having a first external contact, a second external contact and a movable center contact. The first external contact is electrically connected to the first tap 291 and the second external contact to the third tap 293.
  • the center contact is electrically connected to the second primary terminal 172 and has a stable center position.
  • the first switch 30 is coupled to the control device 15 and designed such that it can apply the center contact in response to the third setting signal either to the first or the second external contact or hold in the middle position in which the center contact is not applied to any external contact, so the first switch 30 is open. If the center contact is applied to the first external contact, then the first tap 291 is electrically conductively connected to the second primary terminal 172. If the center contact is applied to the second external contact, then the third tap 293 is electrically conductively connected to the second primary terminal 172. If the center contact is in the middle position, neither the first 291 nor the third tap 293 is electrically conductively connected to the second primary terminal 172 via the first switch 30.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28 in a first case over the whole series-connected control winding 29 or in a second case, bypassing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29 or in a third case via a series-connected part of the control winding 29 with the second primary terminal 172 can electrically conductively connect.
  • the first switch 30 is opened and the second switch 31 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in the same direction through the main winding 28 and control winding 29 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the first switch 30 is closed by applying to the first external contact and the second switch 31 is opened.
  • the current can flow through the main winding 28 and directly, ie past the control winding 29, to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the first switch 30 is closed by applying to the second external contact and the second switch 31 is opened. Consequently, the current can flow equally through the main winding 28 and the part of the control winding 29 lying between the first 291 and the third tap 293 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the second switch 31 could also be closed. Consequently, the current through the main winding 28 and to a portion directly, so past the control winding 29, could flow to the second primary terminal 172 and flow to another part through the control winding 29 and thereby lead to a circulating current.
  • FIG. 10 a seventh embodiment of the AC network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the plant 1 1 is formed according to a seventh embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that in the following, the differences will be explained in more detail below.
  • the main winding 28 is galvanically isolated from the control winding 29.
  • the switching device 14 comprises the first 30 and the second switch 31 and, instead of the third switch 32, a fourth switch 33 and a fifth switch 34, which are coupled to the control device 15.
  • the fourth switch 33 is connected between the end tap 281 and the second tap 292.
  • the fifth switch 34 is connected between the end tap 281 and the first tap 291.
  • the switching device 14 thus comprises four switches 30, 31, 33, 34, which are connected as a bridge with a bridge branch, which forms the control winding 29.
  • the first tap 291 is connected via the fifth switch 34 to the end tap 281 and the second tap 292 via the second switch 31 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28 in a first case over the whole, serially connected control winding 29 or in a second case over the whole, antiserially connected control winding 29 or in a third case circumventing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29 with the second primary terminal 172 electrically conductively connect.
  • the fourth switch 33 is opened, the fifth switch 34 is closed, the first switch 30 is opened and the second switch 31 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in the same direction through the main winding 28 and control winding 29 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the fifth switch 34 is opened, the fourth switch 33 is closed, the second switch 31 is opened and the first switch 30 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in opposite directions through the main winding 28 and the control winding 29 to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the fourth 33 and the second switch 31 are closed, the fifth Switch 34 is opened or closed and the first switch 30 is opened or closed. Consequently, the current can flow through the main winding 28 and directly, ie, past the control winding 29, to the second primary terminal 172.
  • the fourth switch 33 is opened or closed and the second switch 31 is opened or closed.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that it, depending on the setting signal, the connection between the primary side 17 and 19 discharge can separate.
  • the first 30, the second 31, the fourth 33 and the fifth switch 34 are opened, but the fourth 33 or the fifth switch 34 can also be closed. Consequently, the current can not flow from the main winding 28 to the second primary terminal 172 and further to the drain 19.
  • the fourth 33 and the fifth switch 34 could be closed.
  • the current from the parent winding 28 would not flow to the second primary terminal 172 and further to the drain 19, but through the control winding 29 and thereby lead to a circulating current.
  • the switches 30, 31, 33, 34 are semiconductor switches each comprising a pair of anti-parallel connected thyristors (not shown) or a pair of anti-serially connected IGBTs (not shown), and the controller 15 is adapted to provide these switches 30, 31, 33, 34 and thus the switching device 14 can control by pulse width modulation and / or phase angle control and / or phase section control. As a result, any virtual intermediate values of the transmission ratio can be set very quickly.
  • the secondary side 18 has by way of example 150 turns, the main winding 28 by way of example 500 turns, and the control winding 29 by way of example 250 turns, so that the primary side 17 has a total of 750 turns.
  • FIG. 1 an eighth embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to an eighth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the fifth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the first tap 291 is electrically connected to the end of the second terminal 181 terminal tapping 281 of the main winding 28 and the switching device 14.
  • the second tap 292 is electrically connected to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the first switch 30 is connected between the first tap 291 and the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the second switch 31 is connected between the second tap 292 and the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the third switch 32 is connected between the first secondary terminal 181 and the first two terminal 121.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28 in a first case over the whole, serially connected control winding 29 or in a second case, bypassing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29 with the second secondary terminal 182 electrically conductively connect.
  • the first switch 30 is opened and the second switch 31 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in the same direction through the main winding 28 and control winding 29 to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the first switch 30 is closed and the second switch 31 is opened.
  • the second switch 31 could also be closed. Consequently, the current could flow through the main winding 28 and to a part directly, ie past the control winding 29, to the second secondary terminal 182 and flow to another part through the control winding 29 and thereby lead to a circulating current.
  • the primary side 17 has by way of example 2500 turns, the main winding 28 by way of example 500 turns, and the control winding 29 by way of example 500 turns, so that the secondary side 18 has a total of 1000 turns.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, it can separate the connection between the secondary side 18 and the first two terminal 121 and / or the second two terminal 122.
  • the third switch 32 is opened and the first 30 and / or the second switch 31 is closed.
  • the second case the third switch 32 is closed and the first 30 and the second switch 31 are opened.
  • the third 32, the first 30 and the second switch 31 are opened.
  • FIG. 12 a ninth embodiment of the AC network 10 is schematic shown. This embodiment is similar to the eighth embodiment, so that below the differences are explained in detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a ninth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the eighth embodiment, so that in the following, the differences will be explained more particularly.
  • the main winding 28 is galvanically isolated from the control winding 29.
  • the switching device 14 comprises the first 30 and the second switch 31 and, instead of the third switch 32, a fourth switch 33 and a fifth switch 34, which are coupled to the control device 15.
  • the fourth switch 33 is connected between the end tap 281 and the second tap 292.
  • the fifth switch 34 is connected between the end tap 281 and the first tap 291.
  • the switching device 14 thus comprises four switches 30, 31, 33, 34, which are connected as a bridge with a bridge branch, which forms the control winding 29.
  • the first tap 291 is connected via the fifth switch 34 to the end tap 281 and the second tap 292 via the second switch 31 to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28 in a first case over the whole, serially connected control winding 29 or in a second case over the whole, antiserially connected control winding 29 or in a third case bypassing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29 with the second secondary terminal 182 electrically conductively connect.
  • the fourth switch 33 is opened, the fifth switch 34 is closed, the first switch 30 is opened and the second switch 31 is closed. Consequently, the current can flow in the same direction through the main winding 28 and control winding 29 to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the fifth switch 34 is opened, the fourth switch 33 is closed, the second switch 31 is opened and the first switch 30 is closed.
  • the current can flow in opposite directions through the main winding 28 and the control winding 29 to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the fourth 33 and the second switch 31 are closed, the fifth switch 34 is opened or closed and the first switch 30 is opened or closed. Consequently, the current can flow through the main winding 28 and directly, ie past the control winding 29, to the second secondary terminal 182.
  • the fourth switch 33 is opened or closed and the second switch 31 is open or getting closed.
  • the switching device 14 is designed such that, depending on the setting signal, the connection between the secondary side 18 and second two-terminal block 122 can separate.
  • the first 30 and the second switch 31 are opened, the fourth switch 33 is opened or closed and the fifth switch 34 is opened or closed.
  • the switches 30, 31, 33, 34 are semiconductor switches each comprising a pair of anti-parallel connected thyristors (not shown) or a pair of anti-serially connected IGBTs (not shown), and the controller 15 is adapted to provide these switches 30, 31, 33, 34 and thus the switching device 14 can control by pulse width modulation and / or phase angle control and / or phase section control. As a result, any virtual intermediate values of the transmission ratio can be set very quickly.
  • the primary side 17 has 1500 turns by way of example, the main winding 28 by way of example 500 turns, and the control winding 29 by way of example 250 turns, so that the secondary side 18 has a total of 750 turns.
  • FIG. 13 a tenth embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the ninth embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the plant 1 1 is formed according to a tenth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the ninth embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the plant 1 1 comprises a second two-terminal 35 with a third two terminal 351 and a fourth two terminal 352 and a second switching device 14 ', and the transformer 13 a Tertiärseite 36 with a first Tertiärklemme 361 and a second Tertiärklemme 362.
  • the second switching device 14 ' is used to set the second transmission ratio of the transformer 13 between Tertiärseite 36 and primary side 17.
  • the Tertiärseite 36 is electrically isolated from the primary side 17 and the secondary side 18 and inductively coupled to the primary side 17 and the secondary side 18.
  • the second two-terminal 35 like the first two-terminal 12, has a non-zero reactance.
  • the first two-terminal 12 is a reactor 20 according to the first embodiment.
  • the second two-terminal 35 according to the second embodiment is a capacitor 22 whose capacitor terminals 221, 222 form the third 351 and the fourth two terminal 352.
  • the second two-terminal 35 may also according to the first embodiment, a throttle (not shown), which is like the inductor 20 inductively separated from the transformer 13.
  • the first tertiary terminal 361 is connected to the third two terminal 351 and the second tertiary terminal 362 is connected to the fourth two terminal 352.
  • the tertiary side 36 like the secondary side 18, has a main winding 28 'and a control winding 29', which are galvanically separated from one another and inductively coupled to one another.
  • the control device 15 is coupled to the second switching device 14 'and is designed such that it can generate a fourth setting signal as a function of the first measuring signal and thus of the reactive power and send it to the second switching device 14'.
  • the second switching device 14 ' is designed such that it can set the second gear ratio in dependence on the fourth setting signal. By changing the second gear ratio, the reactive power provided by the plant 11 is changed.
  • the second switching device 14 ' is analogous to the first switching device 14 and is coupled to the main winding 28' and the control winding 29 'of the tertiary side 36 that, depending on the setting signal, the main winding 28' over the whole, serially connected control winding 29 ' or over the whole, antiserially connected control winding 29 'or bypassing or omitting or bridging the control winding 29' with the second Tertiärklemme 362 electrically conductively connect.
  • the control device 15 is designed such that it can control the switching devices 14, 14 'such that the first switching device 14 couples the first two-pole 12 to the secondary side 18 or decouples from the secondary side 18 and / or the second switching device 14' couples the second two pole 35 coupled to the tertiary side 36 or decoupled from the tertiary side 36.
  • FIG. 14 an eleventh embodiment of the AC network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail. In this embodiment, the derivative 19 is not connected to ground, but for example to the second power line 102.
  • system 1 1 is formed according to an eleventh embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that in the following the differences are explained in more detail.
  • the internal measuring device 16 is coupled not only to the first power line 101, but also to the second power line 102 and configured to detect the reactive power and / or a different electrical size of the second power line 102 and a corresponding fourth Generate measurement signal and can send to the controller 15.
  • the control device 15 is designed such that it can generate the first setting signal as a function of the first measuring signal and / or of the fourth measuring signal and thus of the reactive power of the second power line 102 and send it to the switching device 14.
  • a twelfth embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, so that below all the differences are explained in detail.
  • the first power line 101 comprises a first power line section 101 a and a second power line section 101 b, which are galvanically separated from each other.
  • the first primary terminal 171 is connected to the first power line section 101 a and the lead 19 and thus the second primary terminal 172 not to ground, but to the second power line section 101 b.
  • the two defined by this separation power line sections 101 a, 101 b are connected via the serially connected to them primary side 17 electrically conductive.
  • FIG. 16 a thirteenth embodiment of the alternating current network 10 is shown schematically. This embodiment is similar to the tenth embodiment of FIG. 13, so that in the following especially the differences are explained in more detail.
  • the system 1 1 is formed according to a twelfth embodiment. This embodiment is similar to the tenth embodiment of FIG. 13, so that in the following especially the differences are explained in more detail.
  • the tertiary side 36 has only the control winding 29 ', whereas, the main winding 28 'of the tenth embodiment is omitted, and the second switching device 14' has only the semiconductor switch 31 ', whereas the other three semiconductor switches of the tenth embodiment are omitted.
  • the first tap 291 'of the control winding 29' forms the first tertiary clamp 361.
  • the semiconductor switch 31 ' is connected between the second tap 292' of the control winding 29 'and the second tertiary clamp 362 as in the tenth embodiment.
  • the second two-terminal 35 is a capacitor 22 according to the second embodiment, but may also be according to the first embodiment, a throttle (not shown), which is like the inductor 20 inductively separated from the transformer 13.
  • control device 15 is designed such that it can control the semiconductor switch 31 'and thus the second switching device 14' by pulse width modulation and / or phase control and / or phase control.
  • any intermediate virtual values of the reactance of the second dipole 35 can be set very quickly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation (11) apte à fournir une puissance réactive dans un réseau de courant alternatif (10), qui comprend : un dipôle (12) doté d'une première borne bipolaire (121) et d'une seconde borne bipolaire (122), qui présente une réactance différente de zéro un transformateur (13) à rapport de transformation ajustable, qui comprend un côté primaire (17) doté d'une première borne primaire (171) et d'une seconde borne primaire (172) ainsi qu'un côté secondaire (18) doté d'une première borne secondaire (181) et d'une seconde borne secondaire (182); un dispositif de commande (14) pour ajuster le rapport de transmission de transformateur (13); la première borne primaire (171) pouvant être raccordée à une ligne d'alimentation (101) du réseau de courant alternatif; la première borne secondaire (181) étant raccordée à la première borne bipolaire (121) et la seconde borne secondaire (182) étant raccordée à la seconde borne bipolaire (122).
PCT/EP2015/059567 2014-05-06 2015-04-30 Installation et procédé pour fournir une puissance réactive WO2015169692A2 (fr)

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DE102014106322.8A DE102014106322B4 (de) 2014-05-06 2014-05-06 Anlage und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Blindleistung
DE102014106322.8 2014-05-06

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