WO2015165843A1

WO2015165843A1 - Light source

Info

Publication number: WO2015165843A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/059049
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nikolai Fedorovich LAZAREV
Original assignee: LAZAREV, Nikolai
Priority date: 2014-04-29
Filing date: 2015-04-27
Publication date: 2015-11-05
Also published as: RU2562905C1

Abstract

A light source has a bulb (1) made of transparent material and filled with gas. The bulb (1) has at least two electrode chambers (5, 7), at least one light-emitting element (11), and at least two partition walls (2, 9) each having at least one opening (3). The light-emitting element (11) is arranged in a chamber (10) located between the two electrode chambers (5, 7). Each of the electrode chambers (5, 7) is formed by a bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls (2, 9) on the other side. The chamber (10) for the light-emitting element (11) is formed by the partition walls (2, 9) of the electrode chambers (5, 7) and the bulb wall. The light-emitting element (11) is disposed in front of the openings (3) of the partition walls and the light-emitting element (11) and the openings (3) of the partition walls (2, 9) are aligned.

Description

LIGHT SOURCE

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a light source.

Background

A light source with forced restriction of a discharge channel is known. Soviet Union inventor's certificate SU1140189A discloses a light source with forced restriction of a discharge channel which comprises a bulb divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by a partition plate having an opening forming the discharge channel. An anode and a cathode are attached to walls of a quartz tube (sleeve) arranged inside the bulb. The anode is provided with a tapered hole. A plasma (arc) clouding effuses at the exit of the opening of the partition plate and expands along the tapered hole of the anode. Effectiveness of such light source is limited because a light power is defined by density of light emission in the area of the partition plate opening only.

Also known is a light source comprising a cathode chamber arranged inside an anode camera and communicated with the cathode camera through parallel hole, see for example WO2014/030468A1. The density of light emission is enhanced due to discharging a large number of electrons through a parallel hole into a gas sealing space of an anode chamber. However effectiveness of this light emission is limited by the density of the light emission within the area of the parallel hole. Another light source arrangement is disclosed in the Soviet Union inventor's certificate SU760241 A. This light source comprises a bulb made of transparent material and filled with a gas, two electrode chambers, a light-emitting element and a partition plate, such as a diaphragm, having an opening. The disadvantage of this arrangement is a lower effectiveness of emission and also impossibility to change its spectral content because the light-emitting element is arranged in the electrode chamber and there is no possibility of applying a different action on it. Summary

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least two partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light-emitting element is arranged in a chamber located between the two electrode chambers, each of the electrode chambers is formed by a bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on the other side, and the chamber for the light-emitting element is formed by the partition walls of the electrode chambers and the bulb wall, wherein the light-emitting element is disposed in front of the openings of the said partition walls and the light- emitting element and the openings of the partition walls are aligned.

In an embodiment, the light-emitting element is fixed on a holder. In an embodiment, at least one of the partition walls has an angled shape and has at least one opening on one side of the angle.

In an embodiment, the at least one partition wall is configured in the shape of a hemisphere with at least one opening.

In an embodiment, the bulb comprises two partition walls each with at least two openings, and at least two light-emitting elements disposed one above the other, one of the light-emitting elements being located between a pair of upper openings and the other light-emitting element being located between a pair of lower openings. In an embodiment, the light-emitting elements are made of different materials.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light-emitting element is arranged in a chamber placed between the two electrode chambers, each of the electrode chambers is formed by the bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on one side, and the chamber for the light-emitting element is divided into two sections by at least one intermediate partition wall, the intermediate partition wall having an opening and supporting the light-emitting element. In an embodiment, the light source comprises plural intermediate partition walls dividing the chamber for the light-emitting element into plural sections, each intermediate partition wall supporting a respective light-emitting element, wherein the openings of two intermediate partition walls are offset each other so that the opening of one intermediate partition wall is located opposite the light-emitting element of an adjacent partition wall.

In an embodiment, the light-emitting elements are made of different materials.

In an embodiment, the distance between the adjacent partition walls is at least 10 mm.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least two partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light-emitting element is arranged between the two electrode chambers, the electrode chambers being cathode chambers, an additional electrode chamber is arranged between the cathode chambers, the additional electrode chamber being an anode chamber, each of the cathode chambers is formed by the bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on the other side, the anode chamber is formed by the partition walls of the cathode chambers and the bulb wall, wherein the light-emitting element is disposed in front of the openings of the partition walls and the light-emitting element and the openings of the partition walls are aligned. In an embodiment, the light-emitting element is fixed on a holder which is an anode electrode. In an embodiment, at least one of the partition walls has an angled shape and has at least one opening on one side of the angle.

In an embodiment, at least one of the partition walls is configured in the shape of a hemisphere with at least one opening.

In an embodiment, the transparent material for the bulb is glass or quartz or a transparent semiconductor. In an embodiment, the or at least one partition wall is made of glass or quartz or a transparent semiconductor.

In an embodiment, wherein the light-emitting element is made of at least one of quartz, silicon, a refractory metal, tungsten, an insulator, a semi-conductor, a composite material, or a luminophore or a fluorescent material.

In an embodiment, the opening of the partition wall is 2-10 mm in diameter.

In an embodiment, the gas in the bulb is oxygen, hydrogen, an inert gas, such as a noble gas, or a mixture of said gases, or air.

In an embodiment, a peripheral area of the opening of the or at least one partition wall is a p-type semiconductor. In some examples of embodiments of the present invention, a higher light intensity can be output for the particular power consumption (or a lower power consumption for the same light output can be achieved), light of different characteristics can easily be achieved by simple modifications, and the durability of the device can be increased. Brief Description of the Drawings

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only, which is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows schematically an example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention as a lamp;

Fig. 3 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention where partition walls are configured with an angled shape;

Fig. 4 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention where the light source has a two- stage configuration;

Fig. 5 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to a second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to a third embodiment of the invention; and

Fig. 7 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source where the partition wall has a different configuration. Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of an example of a light source according to a first embodiment of the invention. The light source comprises a bulb 1 made of a transparent material. By way of example, materials such as glass, quartz or a p-type transparent semiconductor can be used as the transparent material. The bulb 1 is filled with a gas, including for example oxygen, hydrogen, an inert gas, such as a noble gas (for example helium, argon, xenon), or mixtures of these gases, or air. Inside the bulb 1, two electrode chambers 5, 7, a light-emitting element 11 and diaphragms or partition walls 2, 9 are arranged. Each of the partition walls 2, 9 has an opening 3, in this example provided centrally of the partition wall 2, 9. The partition walls 2, 9 may be made of for example glass or quartz, or a transparent p-type semiconductor. The light-emitting element 11 can be formed of a material, such as for example quartz, silicon, a refractory metal, including for example tungsten, some other conductor, an insulator, a semiconductor, a composite material, or generally a luminophore or a fluorescent material, that emits light when exposed to electronegative charged particles. The light-emitting element 11 is arranged in a chamber 10 for the light-emitting element 11 which is located between the two electrode chambers 5, 7. The light-emitting element 11 is fixed on a holder 6 in the chamber 10. Each of the electrode chambers 5, 7 is formed by the bulb wall on one side and the partition walls 2, 9 each having the opening 3 respectively. The chamber 10 for the light-emitting element 11 is formed by the partition walls 2, 9 of the electrode chambers 5, 7 and the portions of the bulb wall between the partition walls 2, 9. The light-emitting element 11 is located in front of the openings 3 of the said partition walls 2, 9 such that the light-emitting element 11 and the openings 3 are aligned or coaxial.

Each of the electrode chambers 5, 7 may act as a cathode chamber or an anode chamber, depending on the operational voltage type: direct or alternating voltage. When a direct voltage is used, the electrode chamber 5, for example, is the cathode chamber with a cathode 4 and the other chamber 7 is the anode chamber with an anode 8. When an alternating voltage is used, these electrode chambers 5, 7 are alternately the chamber with anode and the chamber with cathode corresponding to the alternating current.

Fig. 2 shows an exemplary design of the light source according to the first embodiment of the invention as a lamp. The bulb 1 is configured with a cap 12. One of the electrodes 4 is connected with a central contact 13 and the other electrode 8 is connected to the cap 12. The lamp can operate, as mentioned above, using direct or alternating voltage supplies. The light source, according to the first embodiment of the invention, operates as follows.

When a voltage supply is connected to the electrodes 4, 8, and for example the electrode 4 is an anode and the other electrode 8 is a cathode, current flow occurs between the anode 4 and the cathode 8 due to the gas in the bulb 1. In the vicinity of the openings 3 in the partition walls 2, 9, the discharge channel is relatively narrow and bright-fluorescence plasma regions, having a generally spherical shape, are formed on the cathode side of the openings 3, with the convex portion of the spherical shape facing the cathode. The plasma regions are an effect of a double-electric layer which occurs near the opening 3 of the partition wall 2 and covers the fluorescence plasma. The light generated by the plasma leaves the light source through the transparent walls of the bulb 1. In addition, electrons of the gas discharge plasma get into the double-electric layer region and accelerate within it; then a portion of the accelerated electrons accelerate more in the next double-electric layers located on the side of the anode against the double-electric layer. Negative particles (electrons and negative ions) receive additional energy in the double-electric layer and bombard the substance of the light- emitting element 11. As a result of such bombardment of the light-emitting element surface with the particles emitting light, the light-emitting element also generates light, which leaves through the transparent walls of the bulb 1 in addition to the light emitted by the plasma formation. A third source of light can occur due to interaction of the plasma with the partitions walls 2, 9 in the region adjacent the respective openings 3. As mentioned above, the light-emitting element 11 may be made of materials such as conductors, insulators and semiconductors that are capable of emitting light when these materials are exposed to electronegatively charged particles because they are within the discharge plasma, wherein both electrons and ions are in a free state that provides charged-particle equilibrium on the light-emitting element.

Placing the light-emitting element 11, which is capable of emitting light when it is struck or bombarded by negatively charged electrical particles in a region where there is a high concentration of electrons and negative ions, which are accelerated in the double-electric layer, increases the intensity of the light output of the lamp without additional energy consumption. The additional light output is generated when the material, of which the light-emitting element 11 is made, is heated by being exposed to and impacted by the accelerated and focussed flow of electrons in the double-electric layer.

It may be noted that most of the heating energy for the heating of the light- emitting element is transferred by the electrons. However, along with other factors which govern the transfer of energy to the light-emitting element 11 which is being heated, in some cases a significant contribution can be made by negative ions, accelerated in the double-electric layer of the plasma. Also, pulsation of the light output may occur because, with an alternating current supply, the plasma is hot for a short time and then cools and is then reheated, etc. This "pulsed" light output is smoothed out by the effect of the heated afterglow of the light-emitting element 11 , which occurs due to the effective inertia in heating and cooling of the light-emitting element 11. This can also help to increase the durability of the light source.

The light-emitting element 11 can be made of different materials depending for example on what type of light output is desired. If light is to be obtained predominately via heat, then tungsten can be used, similar to an incandescent light bulb. If LED (light emitting diode) type light is desired, a semi-conductor may be used. If a fluorescent light (e.g. ultra violet) is desired, then a luminophore or a fluorescent material may be used. A spherical shape of the double-electric layer boundary facilitates the focus of electrons and negative ions in some volume of a gas discharge chamber wherein the substance is accommodated. As the double-electric layer has a convex shape and provides a focusing effect on electrons, it is reasonable to define a thickness of the partition walls and the distance between them not only on the calculated mean free path of an electron in the gas, but taking into account a peculiarity of the focussing of electrons by the double-electric layer. The distance from the double-electric layer boundary where the electrons are mainly focused depends on the surface shape of the said boundary, and the surface shape which in its turn depends on the diameter of the partition wall opening and the channel height. In an example, the diameter of the partition wall opening is at least 2 mm, and the channel height is at least 5 mm.

In the exemplary design of a lamp according to this embodiment of the invention, a higher degree of light emission is achieved due to alternating bombardment of the light-emitting element from two sides.

The partition walls can have different shapes and/or may have more than one opening. The light-emitting element with such partition walls can be of different form.

Fig. 3 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention where the partition walls have an angled shape. In this arrangement, the electrode chambers 5, 7 are formed by the wall of the bulb 1 on one side and the partition walls 2, 9. The partition walls 2, 9 have an angled shape, with the apex of the angles facing the light-emitting element 11. In the example show, the angle of the partition walls 2, 9 is 90° though other angles may be used. On the lateral sides of the angled partition walls 2, 9, lower openings 3 and upper openings 3a are respectively provided. As an alternative, the partition walls 2, 9 can be configured as hemispherical or other generally convex shape, and the number of the openings in such partition walls may be more than two. The light-emitting element 11 , arranged between these partition walls 2, 9, is alternatingly bombarded by electrons emitted by the electrode 4 and 8 when the respective electrodes 4, 8 are acting as cathodes.

Fig. 4 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention where the light source has a two- stage configuration. In this arrangement, the light source comprises two light-emitting elements 11, 15 respectively placed in front of corresponding openings in the associated stage. In particular, the upper light-emitting element 11, fixed on a holder 6, is opposite two upper aligned or coaxial openings 3a provided in the partition walls 2, 9, and the lower light-emitting element 15, fixed on a holder 14, is opposite two lower aligned or coaxial openings 3a provided in the partition walls 2, 9. In such arrangement, a higher degree of light emission is achieved due to simultaneous bombardment of the two light- emitting elements 11, 15. This arrangement also enables simultaneous location of plural heterogeneous bodies of the light-emitting elements which therefore enables a mixed spectrum of light to be emitted by one lamp. Further light-emitting elements with further corresponding pairs of openings in the partition walls may be provided, with the various light-emitting elements being the same or different.

Fig. 5 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source according to a second embodiment of the invention. The light source comprises a bulb 1 made of transparent material and filled with a gas or gases. Inside bulb 1, electrode chambers 5, 7, formed by the bulb wall and partition walls 2, 9 respectively, are arranged. The first partition wall 2 has an opening 3 and the second partition wall 9 also has an opening 3b. Relative to a lateral axis or base of the bulb 1, the opening 3 of the first partition wall 2 is located above the opening 3b of the second partition wall 9. The chamber 10 of the light-emitting element 11 is arranged between the electrode chambers 5, 7. Moreover, the chamber 10 is divided by a number of intermediate partition walls 16 into plural chambers or sub-chambers 10a. Each intermediate partition wall 16 has an opening 3 c and a light-emitting element 11 protruding from both sides of the partition wall 16. In the chamber 10 of the light-emitting element 11, the adjacent intermediate partition walls 16 are arranged in such a way that the light- emitting element 11 of one partition wall 16 is located opposite the opening 3c of the adjacent partition wall(s) 16. On the partition walls 2 and 9 of the electrode chambers 5, 7, the light-emitting elements 11 are placed on the side of the light-emitting element chamber in such a way that they are located opposite the opening 3c of the adjacent intermediate partition walls 16.

Preferably the partition walls can be made of a transparent p-type semiconductor. The distance between the partition walls in one example may be no less than 10 mm. When a voltage supply is connected to the electrodes 4, 8 arranged in the electrode chambers 5, 7, where one electrode 4 is an anode and the other electrode 8 is a cathode, the current flow occurs between the anode 4 and the cathode 8 due to the gas in the bulb 1. In the area of the openings 3, 3b in the partition walls 2, 9 a discharge channel is relatively narrow and bright- fluorescence plasma regions of a spherical shape are formed on the cathode side of the said openings 3, 3b, with the convex portion of the spherical shape of the plasma regions facing the cathode. The plasma regions appear as a result of the double-electric layer which occurs near the openings 3, 3b of the partition walls 2, 9 respectively and covers the fluorescence plasma regions. The light generated by the plasma regions leaves the light source through the transparent walls of the bulb 1. Electrons of the gas discharge plasma getting into the double-electric layer region accelerate within it; then a portion of accelerated electrons accelerate in the next double-electric layers located on the side of the anode against the double-electric layer. Due to the intermediate partition walls 16 provided in the light-emitting element chamber, electrons subsequently influence the light-emitting elements 11 of the intermediate partition walls 16 and cause their light emission which reduces power loss. Thereby light performance of the light source is significantly higher. This arrangement also enables simultaneous location of plural heterogeneous bodies of the light-emitting elements which therefore enables a mixed spectrum of light to be emitted by one lamp. Fig. 6 shows schematically an arrangement of an example of a light source using a direct voltage supply. The light source comprises a bulb 1 made of transparent material and filled with a gas or gases. Inside the bulb 1 there are electrode chambers 5, 7, light-emitting element 11 and partition walls 2, 9. Each of the partition walls 2, 9 has an opening 3. The chambers 5, 7 are cathode chambers. An additional electrode chamber 10 is located between the electrode chambers 5, 7 and is an anode chamber. Each of the cathode chambers 5, 7 is formed by the bulb wall on one side and the said partition wall 2, 9 having an opening 3 on the other. The anode chamber 10 is formed by the partition walls 2, 9 of the cathode chambers 5, 7 and the portions of the wall of the bulb 1 between the partition walls 2, 9 wherein the light-emitting element 11 is arranged. The openings 3 of these partition walls 2, 9 are aligned or coaxial and the light-emitting element 11 is located opposite these openings 3. The light-emitting element 11 can be fixed on a holder 6 which is an anode. In such an arrangement, when a direct voltage supply is connected, light from the light-emitting element 11 is produced from two sides simultaneously and a higher light output is achieved.

For any of the above-mentioned schematic arrangements of the light source, the peripheral area of the partition wall openings 3, 3a, 3b, 3c can be made of a p-type semiconductor and thereby higher light output is achieved. Fig. 7 illustrates schematically an example of an arrangement of a light source according to the first embodiment of the invention wherein a peripheral area 17 of the openings 3 for the partition walls 2, 9 each are provided with a p-type semi conductive material.

Testing an experimental model was carried out on a test stand comprising a vacuum pump for gas exhaust from the lamp bulb, valves for gas pumping and gas exhaust in the bulb, pressure meters for gas in the lamp bulb and a light indicator, and also a mechanism for moving the partition walls to control the distance from the partition wall opening to the surface of the light-emitting element body. The optimum distance depends, at least in part, on gas pressure in the bulb and consequently is defined in part by the pressure used in the experiment or apparatus or device.

A glass tube of 30 mm in diameter was used as a bulb sample and along this tube the partition wall was moved. Further the gas was pumped in the bulb by a pump. Gas (helium) pressure in the bulb was 5x10^"1 - 7x10^"2 mm Hg (approximately 67 to 9 Pa). After that the lamp was connected to a power supply for which the discharge current was 1 - 2A and the discharge voltage was 60 - 100V. An oxide cathode was used. The partition wall had an opening of 3 mm in diameter, and a channel height of the opening was 5 mm in height. Depending on specific tasks for the lamp application and serial manufacturing, different pressures of gas or gas mixture in the bulb, opening diameters and other parameters are possible. Embodiments of the invention can for example be used for lighting engineering and spectrography (spectrum analysis). According to the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 4, the light source of this arrangement comprises a bulb made of transparent material. Glass, quartz or transparent semiconductors can for example be used as a transparent material for the bulb. The bulb is filled with gas. Inside the bulb, at least two electrode chambers, a light-emitting element and a partition wall having an opening are arranged. Each of the electrode chambers is formed by the bulb wall on one side and the partition wall having the opening on the other side. The light-emitting element is arranged between the electrode chambers. As mentioned above this arrangement of the light-emitting element provides higher light performance. For this embodiment, to provide a higher light output, at least two partition walls, having the openings and supporting the light- emitting elements, can be positioned between two electrode chambers. The openings of the adjacent partition walls are offset relative to each other so that the openings are located opposite the light-emitting elements of the adjacent partition wall. In order to achieve higher output, the distance between the adjacent partition walls maybe no less than 10 mm. The offset location of the openings additionally increases the efficiency of light emission because the power loss decreases when plasma moves from the first partition wall to the last one.

The above schematic arrangements of the light source help to use effectively the method for electron acceleration in a gas discharge plasma that provides plasma enrichment with electrons having higher energy. The light flux is thereby increased and its spectral content may be changed or more easily set. Also, the use of both a halogen effect and a light emitting diode is provided for p-type materials with higher effectiveness.

The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples of the invention. Further embodiments of the invention are envisaged. It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. A light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least two partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light- emitting element is arranged in a chamber located between the two electrode chambers, each of the electrode chambers is formed by a bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on the other side, and the chamber for the light-emitting element is formed by the partition walls of the electrode chambers and the bulb wall, wherein the light-emitting element is disposed in front of the openings of the said partition walls and the light-emitting element and the openings of the partition walls are aligned.

2. A light source according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting element is fixed on a holder.

3. A light source according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one of the partition walls has an angled shape and has at least one opening on one side of the angle.

4. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one partition wall is configured in the shape of a hemisphere with at least one opening.

5. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bulb comprises two partition walls each with at least two openings, and at least two light-emitting elements disposed one above the other, one of the light-emitting elements being located between a pair of upper openings and the other light-emitting element being located between a pair of lower openings.

6. A light source according to claim 5, wherein the light-emitting elements are made of different materials.

7. A light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light-emitting element is arranged in a chamber placed between the two electrode chambers, each of the electrode chambers is formed by the bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on one side, and the chamber for the light-emitting element is divided into two sections by at least one intermediate partition wall, the intermediate partition wall having an opening and supporting the light-emitting element.

8. A light source according to claim 7, comprising plural intermediate partition walls dividing the chamber for the light-emitting element into plural sections, each intermediate partition wall supporting a respective light-emitting element, wherein the openings of two intermediate partition walls are offset each other so that the opening of one intermediate partition wall is located opposite the light-emitting element of an adjacent partition wall.

9. A light source according to claim 8, wherein the light-emitting elements are made of different materials.

10. A light source according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the distance between the adjacent partition walls is at least 10 mm.

11. A light source, the light source comprising a bulb made of transparent material and filled with gas, at least two electrode chambers, at least one light-emitting element, and at least two partition walls each having at least one opening, wherein the light- emitting element is arranged between the two electrode chambers, the electrode chambers being cathode chambers, an additional electrode chamber is arranged between the cathode chambers, the additional electrode chamber being an anode chamber, each of the cathode chambers is formed by the bulb wall on one side and one of the partition walls on the other side, the anode chamber is formed by the partition walls of the cathode chambers and the bulb wall, wherein the light-emitting element is disposed in front of the openings of the partition walls and the light-emitting element and the openings of the partition walls are aligned.

12. A light source according to claim 11 , wherein the light-emitting element is fixed on a holder which is an anode electrode.

13. A light source according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein at least one of the partition walls has an angled shape and has at least one opening on one side of the angle.

14. A light source according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein at least one of the partition walls is configured in the shape of a hemisphere with at least one opening.

15. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the transparent material for the bulb is glass or quartz or a transparent semiconductor.

16. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the or at least one partition wall is made of glass or quartz or a transparent semiconductor.

17. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the light-emitting element is made of at least one of quartz, silicon, a refractory metal, tungsten, an insulator, a semi-conductor, a composite material, or a luminophore or a fluorescent material.

18. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the opening of the partition wall is 2-10 mm in diameter.

19. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 18, wherein the gas in the bulb is oxygen, hydrogen, an inert gas, such as a noble gas, or a mixture of said gases, or air.

20. A light source according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein a peripheral area of the opening of the or at least one partition wall is a p-type semiconductor.