WO2015165433A1

WO2015165433A1 - Comminution machine having stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron

Info

Publication number: WO2015165433A1
Application number: PCT/DE2015/000198
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander Koslow
Original assignee: Akai Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2014-04-30
Filing date: 2015-04-23
Publication date: 2015-11-05
Also published as: WO2015165433A4

Abstract

The invention relates to a comminution machine having a stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron. In such machines, when hammer heads are worn out, the entire hammer strike iron must always be replaced, insofar as a uniform quality is to be achieved in the comminuted material. This is very cost-intensive. The invention thus proposes a novel hammer strike iron having an insert piece which has a cylindrical, eccentric bore or an eccentric oblong hole for receiving a swivel pin of the comminution machine. Said insert piece has cheeks of differing thickness on both ends, such that, by rotating the insert piece in the hammer strike iron by 180°, the distance between the hammer head and the anvil can be varied. If a hammer head has been inadmissibly worn, the insert piece can be removed, turned 180°, and and reinstalled. The gap between the anvil and the hammer head can thus be uniformly regulated.

Description

Crusher with fixed anvil and rotating hammer blow iron

The invention relates to hammered irons for a fixed anvil crushing machine, crushing machines with such hammered irons and method for operating such crushing machines. For the shredding of metal scrap or other mix are the

Professionals today shredders, such. As hammer mills or shredders, available. Such machines are constructed so that hammer-blower iron (hereinafter also referred to as hammer) are pivotally mounted on a rotor with a pivot pin and when rotating the rotor radially outwardly by the centrifugal forces generated during rotation in the direction of a fixed, firmly connected to a machine frame Anvils are hurled. The degree of fineness of the crushed material is determined by the gap defined between the anvil and the hammer-blow strips. It should be noted that at maximum rotor rotational speed, the distance between the anvil and the hammerhead (i.e., the most projecting portion of the hammer) must not exceed or undershoot a predetermined minimum or maximum. Contact with the hammer head and anvil should be avoided as it would lead to the destruction of the machine. Likewise, exceeding the maximum allowable gap or distance between the hammer head and the anvil would significantly impair the ability of the machine to function. In such a case, the size of the comminuted material would no longer correspond to the desired particle size.

Therefore, the size of the gap between the hammer head and the anvil is of decisive importance for a perfect operation of such a comminution machine. In order to keep the size of the gap between the hammer head and anvil within predetermined tolerances, even with wear on the hammer head, previously a worn hammer must be replaced by a new flame. This is very time consuming, since so far only the procurement of a new hammer could remedy. In addition, a new hammer is very expensive. It is therefore a desire of the art to extend the useful life (life) of a hammer.

The object of the invention is to provide improved hammered irons for a shredding machine of the type mentioned, which have a longer service life to reduce operating costs, without negatively affecting the quality of the shredded product. This object is solved by the invention which is defined in the independent claims; Embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. To solve this problem, the invention discloses hammered irons for a crushing machine with a fixed anvil, wherein the hammered iron is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin on a rotor of the crushing machine. In Hammerschlageisen an insert is provided with a receiving opening for the pivot pin, which can be installed in a first Orientation or in a second orientation. The receiving opening defines a first contact surface for the pivot pin in the first orientation of the insert and a second contact surface for the pivot pin in the second orientation of the insert. The first contact surface in the first orientation of the insert has a different distance to the Ham- head (and thus the anvil) as the second contact surface in the second orientation of the insert.

In one embodiment, the hammer has an insert which receives the pivot pin by means of which the hammer is pivotally mounted on the rotor through a simple, cylindrical bore which is eccentrically mounted in the longitudinal direction of the insert and defines opposed abutment surfaces.

In a further embodiment, the pivot pin is guided through a slot slot, which is mounted off-center in the longitudinal direction of the insert and defines opposing contact surfaces.

In both embodiments, the elongated or oval insert is interchangeable installed in the longitudinal extent of the hammer. The position of the longitudinally eccentrically introduced into the insert for receiving the pivot pin bore or longitudinally eccentrically introduced slot determines the different thicknesses of the two end cheeks of the insert; The inner side of the bore or slot, which points towards the hammer head, forms a contact surface on which the pivot pin rests in the swung-out operating state of the hammer. The two cheeks are located in the longitudinal direction at the respective end of an insert.

The off-center bore is to be designed such that the distance of the bore inner wall to the adjacent end point of the insert is different in size, seen in the longitudinal direction of the insert and the centrifugal force occurring during the rotation. The same applies to the slot. Crucial here is that when turning the insert in the hammer by 180 °, the distance between the hammer head and contact surface is changed, and thus with built-in hammer, the distance between the hammer head and anvil. This requirement is both in the cylindrical bore and in the

Long hole to meet. For this purpose, the insert at opposite ends cheeks of different thickness. When ejected hammer the contact surface of a cheek of the insert abuts the pivot pin and determines the distance of the hammer head to the anvil. By the concern of a cheek of the insert on the pivot pin, the movement of the hammer in the direction of the anvil is limited. The two opposite cheeks of the insert are different in both a cylindrical, off-center bore and an off-center slot. Thus, they define different distances for the hammer head to the anvil, depending on which cheek of the insert of the pivot pin comes to rest.

The fact that the two cheeks define either a cylindrical, off-center hole or an off-center slot in an insert, a 180 ° rotation of the insert in the hammer is sufficient to vary the distance between the hammer head and anvil. Corresponds therefore in the new state of the hammer, a greater thickness of a cheek of the insert the desired gap between anvil and hammer head, then corresponds to the rotation of the insert by 180 °, the concerns of the pivot pin on the other, thinner cheek again the desired nominal distance between Anvil and hammer head even after a wear on the hammer head.

The insert is replaceable provided in the hammer, either in a snug fit or fastened by conventional fasteners. In order to adapt the assignment of pivot pin and cheek, or contact surface to the needs between new condition and worn hammer, it is sufficient according to the invention to remove the insert and rotated by 180 ° to re-install in the hammer. As a result of a thinner cheek, the hammer can then again be thrown so close to the anvil that a gap is formed between the anvil and the hammer head, which corresponds to the nominal size that would be formed by a new hammer. With appropriate number of inserts with different cheek thicknesses can thus be adequately responded to hammer wear. It is useful to keep inserts with different wall thicknesses of the cheeks in stock, so that the range of application of a single hammer and its life can be optimally utilized.

In addition, the invention not only causes a prolonged service life for a hammer, but also has a significant impact on the safety of the machine with inserts with slot. If the machine supplied oversized or hard components for crushing, so the guided in the slot hammer, the gap between the anvil and hammer head enlarging, move away from the anvil against the centrifugal forces. This is the added advantage when the pivot pin about which the hammer rotates is located in a slot of an insert in the hammer. In a cylindrical, eccentric hole in the insert destruction of the machine can only be avoided by all components are designed extremely solid, so that the hammer, against the centrifugal forces, can be thrown back. It is also important in this case that, when loading the machine, care is taken to ensure that parts that are difficult to cut are not inserted into the machine.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 in a plan view of the schematic structure of a crushing machine, can be used in the hammer hammers according to the invention.

2 is a plan view of a hammer according to a first embodiment of the invention for a crushing machine according to FIG. 1.

3 shows a cross section through a hammer according to FIG. 2.

4 shows a cross-section of a hammer according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention for a comminuting machine according to FIG. 1.

5 is a plan view of the hammer of FIG .. 4

Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a hammer for a crushing machine.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a vertical comminution machine, in which the drive axle 3a of the rotor 3 runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. On the drive axis of the rotor discs 3b are arranged one above the other, each having openings for fixing the pivot pin 6. One or more hammers 4 are each suspended between two discs on a pivot pin, optionally with the use of spacers. Corresponding arrangements can also be used in comminution machines with horizontally arranged drive axle of the rotor.

The fixedly mounted on a machine frame 1 anvil 2 acts in operation with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 4 together. According to FIG. 3, a gap 10 is left between the anvil 2 and the hammer head 5. This gap 10 increases due to wear of the hammer head 5. This gap 10 is important for the degree of fineness of the crushed material. When the hammer is new, the insert is mounted in such a way that, during operation, the pivot pin 6 bears against the inside of the thicker cheek 12 of the insert 7. The cheek 12 opposite thinner cheek 8 in the insert 7 is unloaded. The thickness (b) of the cheek 12, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 7, is greater than the thickness (a) of the opposite cheek 8, also measured at the end of the insert 7 adjacent to this cheek 8. The difference in the thickness of the two opposite cheeks 8; 12 corresponds to the amount of wear on the hammer head 5, in which a replacement of the hammer 4 would have been necessary by a new hammer.

The insert 7 is interchangeable connected via fastening means 9 or a snug fit with the hammer 4. The insert 7 has along its center line on a slot 11 which through the cheeks 8; 12 is limited at the end of the insert and the pivot pin 6 receives. The pivot pin 6 is in turn firmly connected to two adjacent discs 3 b of the rotor 3. In a new hammer, the pivot pin 6 is located on the thicker cheek 12 with the thickness (b) of the insert 7 and there is a gap 10 with

Nominal size between the hammer head 5 and anvil 2. If the gap 10 increases due to wear on the hammer head 5, the gap can be returned to nominal size by dismantling the insert 7 and pivoted back through 180 °, so that the pivot pin 6 is in operation the inside of the thinner cheek 8 with the thickness (a) is applied; For example, if the wear is 0.3 mm, an insert is selected in which the thicknesses of the two cheeks are different, i. e. b-a = 0.3 mm.

Figures 2 and 3 show the insert 7 with orientation corresponding to a new hammer, so that the pivot pin rests against the thicker cheek 12 during operation.

Figures 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of a hammer according to the invention for a crushing machine of the type mentioned. On an engine frame, an anvil 12 is fixedly mounted and acts in operation with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 14 together. Between the anvil 12 and the hammer head 5, a gap 010 is left. This gap 010 increases due to wear of the hammer head 5. This gap 010 is important for the degree of fineness of the comminuted material. When operating in the new state of the hammer, the pivot pin 16 abuts against the thicker cheek 012 of the insert 17. The cheek 012 opposite cheek 18 in the insert 17 is unloaded. The thickness (bb) of the cheek 012, measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17, is greater than the thickness (aa) of the opposing cheek 18, also measured to the adjacent end of the insert 17. The difference in thickness of the two cheeks 18; 012 corresponds to the amount of wear on the hammer head 5, in which a replacement of the hammer 14 would have been necessary by a new hammer 14.

The insert 17 is interchangeable and accurately fixed in the hammer 14, for example with fasteners. The insert 17 has a cylindrical bore 011, which is provided off-center in the longitudinal direction of the insert 17, so that through the respective cheek 18; 012 different thickness, the distance of the hammer head 5 to the anvil 12 can be changed when the replaceable elongated insert 17 is rotated by 180 °. Through the cylindrical bore 01 1 of the pivot pin 16 is guided, which is fixed to the rotor discs 13 b of the rotor. In operation with a new hammer, the pivot pin 16 bears against the inside of the cheek 012 of the insert 17 and creates a gap 010 between the hammer head 5 and the anvil 12 of nominal size, corresponding to a cheek thickness (bb) in the insert 17. The gap 010 increases due to wear on the hammer head 5, the gap 010 can be returned to the desired nominal size if the insert piece 17 is removed and installed swiveled through 180 °, so that the pivot pin 16, when operated on the cheek 18, has the smaller thickness (aa). bears; a wear of the hammer head, for example, 0.3 mm can be compensated if an insert with the cheek thickness (aa), (bb) corresponding to bb-aa = 0.3 mm with reverse Orientiemng is reinstalled.

Figures 4 and 5 show the insert 17 with orientation corresponding to a hammer with wear, so that the pivot pin rests against the thinner cheek 18 during operation.

Preferably, the insert (7; 17) is made of high strength steel. The contact surfaces for the pivot pin (6; 16) can be additionally hardened. Preferably, lubrication holes are provided in the contact surfaces, which are connectable to a central lubrication device.

In other embodiments of the invention insert pieces can be used which define even with a rotation in the hammer by less than 180 ° different Liehe contact surfaces for the pivot pin, for example rotationally symmetrical inserts with an off-center bore for the pivot pin.

In an expedient embodiment of the size reduction machine, several hammer impact irons 4; 14 so tightly mounted on a pivot pin, that an adjacent Hammerschlageisen 4; 14 falling out the insert 7; 17 prevented.

In both embodiments, by providing a plurality of inserts 7, 17 having different thicknesses of the cheeks 8; 18 and 12, 012 and by simply changing the inserts the hammers 4; 14 optimally used to the final wear and thus the operating costs of the crushing machine can be significantly reduced. The size of the gap between anvil and hammer head can be adjusted within a wide range and with an accuracy in the sub-millimeter range. The Hammerschlageisen according to the invention are to be produced with little extra effort. reference numeral

1 machine frame

2 anvil

3 rotor

3a drive axis of the rotor

3b; 13b rotor disk for fastening the pivot pin

4; 14 hammers, hammer blow irons

5 hammer head

6; 16 pivot pins

7; 17 insert

8 cheek at one end of the slot in the insert

9 Fasteners for the insert in the hammer

10; 010 gap between anvil and hammer head

11 slot in the insert of an embodiment

011 Cylindrical bore in the insert of a second embodiment

12 cheek opposite the cheek 8 of the slot in the insert

012 cheek at one end of the outer cylindrical bore in the

insert

15; 015 Direction of rotation of the rotor

18 cheek opposite cheek 012 the off-center cylindrical

Bore in the insert

Claims

claims

1. hammer hammer for a crushing machine with a fixed boss (2), wherein the hammer hammer iron (4; 14) via a pivot pin (6; 16) is pivotally attached to a rotor (3) of the crushing machine, characterized in that in the hammer Schlageisen a Insert (7; 17) is provided, which contains a receiving opening (1 1; 011) with a first bearing surface (8; 18) and a second bearing surface (12; 012) for the pivot pin and in a first orientation or in a second orientation can be installed in the hammer hammer iron, wherein the first contact surface in the first orientation and the second contact surface in the second orientation at different distances from the hammer head (5, 15).

2. Hammerschlageisen according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second abutment surface lie opposite each other and the first orientation is rotated by 180 ° relative to the second orientation.

3. Hammerschlageisen according to claim 2, wherein the receiving opening is a cylindrical bore (01 1), which is eccentrically in the insert (17), so that in the longitudinal direction of the hammer head (5) opposite, serving as abutment surfaces cheeks (18, 012) of the Insert (17) have different wall thicknesses.

4. Hammerschlageisen according to claim 2, wherein the receiving opening is a slot (11) which is executed off-center in the insert, so that in

Having longitudinal direction of the hammer head (5) opposite, serving as abutment surfaces cheeks of the insert have different wall thicknesses.

5. Hammer according to one of claims 1 to 4, marked thereby, that the insert (7; 17) is made of high-strength steel.

6. Hammer impact iron according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the contact surfaces have lubrication holes which are connectable to a central lubrication device.

7. Hammer whip iron according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insert piece (7; 17) is guided in a recess in the hammer Schlageisen on fit.

8. Crushing machine with hammered hammer iron (4; 14) according to one of claims 1 to 7, whose contact surfaces defined distances to a fixed anvil (2).

9. Crushing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the several Hammerschlageisen (4; 14) on the pivot pin so close together mon- that adjacent hammer impact irons (4; 14) prevent the insert (7; 17) from falling out.

10. A method for operating a crusher according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a plurality of inserts (7; 17) are held in each case with different contact surfaces, so that the width of the gap (10; 010) between anvil (2) and hammer blow head (5) is adjustable.