WO2015162300A1

WO2015162300A1 - Binder for wood materials

Info

Publication number: WO2015162300A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/059096
Authority: WO
Original assignee: Hedicon Composite
Priority date: 2014-04-25
Filing date: 2015-04-27
Publication date: 2015-10-29
Also published as: DE102014105879A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing a composite material which comprises at least one cellulosic sustrate and a multi-component binder. According to the invention, in order to devise a method of producing a composite material which enables cellulosic composite materials to be produced in a particularly economical manner and fulfils current strength and quality standards, a binder is applied to the cellulosic substrate, at least a first component of the binder containing animal blood and a second component of the binder containing at least one additive.

Description

BINDER FOR WOODEN MATERIALS

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite material with a cellulosic substrate and a multicomponent binder. Furthermore, the invention relates to a composite material and a binder for producing a composite material.

The composites with cellulosic substrates include, in particular, wood-based materials that are used as building materials both indoors and outdoors. In the production of wood-based materials, producers are increasingly faced with rising commodity prices and increasing competition in the market and the associated drop in sales prices.

In particular, the rising prices for the necessary binders for connecting the individual substrate components are extremely problematic.

In addition, with today's conventional binders, such as urea resin, melamine resin or phenolic resins, it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet the stricter environmental guidelines in production and in terms of the final product. There is thus an increased demand for a binder, which on the one hand can be integrated in a particularly cost-effective manner and in the existing production processes and, on the other hand, can also meet the ever stricter environmental guidelines in the future.

Binders that are expected to comply with future environmental regulations may consist of natural products, for example. For example, lignin-based binders or casein or Blutalbuminleime are known, however, do not have the necessary strength for wood materials and sometimes difficult or impossible to integrate into today's industrial manufacturing processes. The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for producing a composite material, a composite material and a binder for producing such a composite material, which enables a particularly cost-effective production of cellulosic composites and today meets the usual strength standards and quality standards.

The invention achieves the object by a method having the features of claim 1, a binder having the features of claim 12 and a composite material having the features of claim 13. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The method according to the invention for producing a composite material with a cellulose-containing substrate and a multicomponent binder has at least the following steps:

Applying the binder to the cellulosic substrate, wherein at least a first component of the binder contains animal blood, and

a second component of the binder at least one additive from the group: peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, urea, alum, sodium sulfite, glycerol, formaldehyde, isocyanate, hexamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum, lignosulfonate, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, water glass, E ethanol, iron oxide, gelatin, bone glue, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, glyoxal, lingninsulfonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, white lime, isocyanates such as methyl diisocyanate Ethanol, reducing agent, citric acid, carbonates, for example sodium bicarbonate and / or propylene carbonate, phosphoric acid, aluminum sulfate, white limestone, cement, magnesium oxide, gypsum, aluminum salt, calcium chloride and / or oils, such as, for example, castor oil, soybean oil, linseed oil and / or hydrowax and

one, several or a mixture of the additives of the second component are each applied individually and / or in admixture with the first component; Pressing the cellulosic components with the binder under heat to form a composite molding.

Essential for the invention is a stimulated via the additives structural change of the animal blood, in particular the proteins in animal blood, which promotes the connection of the animal blood to the.cellulose-containing substrate, so that in an industrial manufacturing process composite materials, especially wood materials can be produced. In the process, the inventive method achieves, for example, strength values which meet today's requirements for e.g. Furniture panels are sufficient. In addition, the binder can be well integrated into standard industrial manufacturing processes and the use of animal blood ensures that hazardous emissions to humans during production or later use of composites are largely avoided. As a result, ever stricter environmental requirements can be met very easily.

The inventive method-depending on the additives used-different mechanisms of action for bonding can be achieved. Thus, for example, a particularly good mechanical anchoring of the animal blood on the surface of the cellulose-containing substrates and / or a particularly high degree of crosslinking between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate can be effected. It is possible to generate a high number of intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate and / or molecular connections between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate via the selection of additives. As an active agent in animal blood, the contained protein molecules are predominantly seen, by means of which all the above-described adhesion mechanisms can be produced. Thus, with an optimum mixing ratio of the components by the catalase, enzymatic crosslinking can be effected. It is also possible that other ingredients contained in the animal blood also contribute to the bonding. A composite material is understood to mean a material composed of a plurality of constituents whose components are originally separated and which are bonded together (bonded) during the production of the composite material. These may be large-area constituents, such as plate-shaped or sheet-like constituents, or, for example, also particles. angular components such as chips, dust or fibers, which are bonded with a binder to form a composite body.

A cellulosic substrate is understood to mean, in particular, wood-based substrates, such as individual wood layers, veneer layers, wood particles, wood chips or even wood fibers. In addition, substrates based on annual plants can also be used. Also, secondary products, i. Products containing cellulose, which have already been processed once and reprocessed for further processing, such as waste wood or waste paper, are understood to be cellulose-containing substrates.

The binder is to be understood as meaning the substance which bonds together the further constituents contained in the composite material, in particular the cellulose-containing substrates. In this case, the binder means on the one hand substances that have their own adhesive strength, on the other hand, it may also be catalysts that activate individual components of the other materials / substances contained in the composite, so that a bonding of the substrate in the composite material is achieved. The binder according to the invention has at least two components; it is multi-component. Multi-component means in this context that the binder is composed of several individual components in order to obtain its effect. The first component of the binder, namely the animal blood, is very inexpensive to obtain, since it is produced in slaughterhouses in large quantities, the current use is limited or requires costly processing. This concerns in particular blood of category 3, which normally has to be disposed of but can be used as a binder component.

The first component (animal blood) may be used in its pure form or else in mixtures or solutions containing animal blood or animal blood components.

The animal blood used, especially the blood of cattle or pigs, contains high levels of proteins, which are the cause of the adhesive effect. This can be especially re about a denaturation of the proteins, which causes an enlargement of the surface of the proteins and / or improved by a particularly high crosslinking of the proteins with the cellulosic substrate. The second component of the binder contains at least a single additive. An additive is understood to mean an agent which together with the animal blood brings about a particular good adhesion between the animal blood, the additive and the cellulosic substrate. The group of additives has - according to the possible mechanisms of action during bonding - heterogeneous mechanisms of action.

Many of the additives cause a particularly strong denaturation of the proteins, so that they at least partially lose their tertiary and / or secondary structure. For example, the animal's blood can be mixed with peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, whereby a particularly strong denaturation of the proteins and a particularly strong connection between the cellulosic substrate and the animal's blood is formed. Peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, urea, sodium sulfite, ethanol, reducing agents, citric acid, carbonates, for example sodium bicarbonate and / or propylene carbonate, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, peracetic acid and / or aluminum sulfate act as denaturing additives in particular.

Other additives, such as glycerin, cause a higher cross-linking of animal blood, in particular the protein molecules with the cellulosic substrate. This is presumably achieved by increased intermolecular force formation, such as hydrogen bonding between the additive, the animal blood, and the cellulosic substrate, which significantly improves the strength of the animal blood to cellulosic substrate bond. Crosslinking can also be understood as meaning that the degree of crosslinking of the proteins in animal blood among one another is increased by means of the additives. The crosslinkers (additives) can be used as bond strength enhancers, i. increasing the degree of crosslinking and / or as an accelerator, i. the rate of crosslinking, increasing.

For this significant improvement in the cross-linking of the animal blood protein with the cellulosic containing substrate are in particular the additives glycerol, formaldehyde, isocyanate, hexamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate and lignin sulfate, water glass, alum, iron oxide, gelatin, bone glue, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, glyoxal, Lingninsulfonat, sodium bicarbonate , Ammoniumhydrogen- carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, white lime and / or isocyanates such as methyl diisocyanate suitable.

In addition, other properties of the composite material can be specially developed by certain additives. Thus, for example, the addition of hydrophobic agents such as, for example, wax, hydrowax, white limestone, cement, magnesium oxide, gypsum, aluminum salt, calcium chloride and / or oils such as castor oil, soybean oil, linseed oil and / or palm oil as an additive, can provide better water resistance effect of the composite. Many of the additives also have dual functions, ie, they have, for example, denaturing, crosslinking and / or hydrophobic properties. Thus, for example, urea, citric acid, acetic acid and / or lactic acid in combination with sodium bicarbonate and / or ammonium bicarbonate _. Also, a particularly good crosslinking and can thus act as crosslinkers, while, for example, the acids, in particular peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and / or phosphoric acid also have denaturing effect and thus can be used as Denaturierer.

Several additives can act together with the animal blood. That is, with the first component, one or more (two, three or more) additives may be mixed. This can be done simultaneously or by adding the additives to the animal blood one after the other. It is thus possible, for example, to mix the animal blood with an additive which promotes the denaturation of the protein, such as hydrogen peroxide, urea and / or alum, and to add a crosslinking agent, such as glycerin, to the crosslinking between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate (s) animal blood among themselves. If desired, this mixture can also contain a hydrophobic agent such as hydrowax to make the composite particularly resistant to moisture. In addition, in addition fillers and / or additives for adjusting the viscosity and / or the elasticity of the cured Be added to binders.

Many of the additives are suitable, in particular, for admixing as additive additives in quantities of, for example, 0.1% by weight - 15% by weight for enhancing denaturation, crosslinking and / or hydrophobing. The additive additives can be added directly during mixing of the binder. Advantageously, however, the addition takes place only shortly before application to the substrate. Particularly suitable additive additives are, for example, gelatin, bone glue, glyoxal, polyethylene glycol sorbitol and / or isocyanates such as methyl diisocyanate as an adhesion promoter, i. increasing the degree of crosslinking of the components and, in particular, sodium sulfate, lignosulfonate, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, white lime iron oxide, lingnine sulfonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and / or peroxide as accelerator, ie, the crosslinking rate to be used increasing. The elastic properties of the set binder can be adjusted in particular by the addition of 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight of sorbitol or glycerol, for example before application to the substrate, so that the binder in the set state is usually hard-elastic to soft-elastic becomes. In addition to water, in addition magnesium sulfate and / or sodium sulfate may be added in an amount of, for example, up to 36% by weight in order to adjust the viscosity of the liquid binder.

The application of the binder is understood to mean the spraying, brushing or other application of the binder to the cellulosic substrate. Also, application is understood to mean the mixing of the cellulosic substrate with the binder. For example, individual components or individual additives of the binder may be mixed with the cellulosic substrate while other components, e.g. be sprayed on. The application can be carried out with conventional application devices and / or mixing devices, which are known for example from the wood-based panel industry.

The use of the additive can be done differently. Depending on the consistency of the additive, which may be, for example, liquid, in pure form or as a dilute solution or solid, for example in powder form, the additive is, for example, sprayed individually onto the cellulosic substrate and / or mixed with it. It is also possible, for example, to apply a plurality of additives one after the other or it is possible to mix several additives together and then to apply them. Thus, for example, one additive and several further additives can be applied as a mixture. Furthermore, it is possible, for example, to mix both a single additive and several additives with the animal's blood first and then apply to the cellulosic substrate. Possibly. For example, the mixing in of further additives, for example of the second component, in particular of the additional additives and / or of the hydrophobicizing agent, can take place directly before the application.

In particular, the order of application of the first and second components or individual additives is dependent on the respective additive used. Thus, a single, multiple or mixture of additives may be applied to the cellulosic substrate prior to application of the first component. It is also possible to use the first component, i. the animal's blood, alone or in admixture with an additive and, for example, subsequently supplementary additives to apply. It is also possible to apply the animal blood first and subsequently appropriate additives. The animal blood (protein) is applied in particular in dissolved form, for example in glycerol or else in water, methanol, ethanol and glycerol, whereby an optimal cross-linking can be achieved.

The cellulosic components with the binder are pressed after application of the first and second components. This can be used, for example, in conventional presses for producing wood-based panels, such as e.g. Baler presses or belt presses, done. It would also be conceivable, for example, to produce a composite material by means of an extruder for producing a strand-shaped composite material under the action of pressure and heat. Ultimately, injection molding processes for pressing under heat for the cellulosic components and the binder are conceivable.

In addition to the abovementioned possible order sequences of the additives and the first component, particular preference is additionally given in addition to one or more or a mixture of several of the additives comprised by the second component before the application. the first component of the binder applied to the cellulosic components and / or prior to compression of the cellulosic components with the binder and / or mixed with the binder. In this way, the effect of the individual additives can be significantly enhanced, which in turn improves the bonding between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate.

According to a development of the invention, an additive from the group of surfactants is added as a component of the second component or applied as an additional additive. The surfactant stabilizes the binder and additionally promotes good wettability of the cellulosic substrate with the binder. Further, the surfactant increases the binding property of the animal blood proteins, so that the connection between the animal blood and the cellulosic substrate is further improved. The surfactant reduces the tendency of the proteins to contract again. Basically, the pure animal blood can be used in liquid form. However, it is particularly preferable to use dried, for example, drum-dried animal blood, in particular animal blood powder, for example whole blood powder in powder form or in liquefied form. Animal blood powder is easy to handle, apply and mix with the additives, especially in industrial operation. Different types of animal blood powders can be used here. Basically, both plasma powder and hemoglobin powder can be used. However, it is particularly preferred to use whole blood powder, in particular animal blood / animal blood powder of category 3, since this is particularly cost-effective. In the production of particleboard, undesirable dust emissions frequently occur, in particular during the transition of chip cake from precompression into the press. As a result, production errors, such as bursters occur, or the dust load in the production process is too high. In order to avoid excessive dust formation in the manufacture of the composite, at least one additive is particularly preferably mixed with a thickener. Preferably, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of bone glue, wood flour, Aerosil 200 Evonik, alum, xantangum, cellulose derivative, in particular Carboxymethyl cellulose.

The thickening of the additive with a thickening agent introduces moisture into the chip cake, so that the amount of dust produced during pressing is reduced. In addition, too fast absorption of, for example, hydrogen peroxide into the substrate is prevented by the thickening (dispersing).

According to a development of the invention, the mass fraction used for producing the composite material of animal blood in powder form before compression is between 1% and 20%, preferably 1% to 20%, preferably 8% to 12%, particularly preferably 6% to 8% 3% to 6%, more preferably 3% +/- 1.5%. The inventive mass fraction of animal blood causes a particularly good bonding of cellulosic substrates. In the bonding of flat cellulosic substrates, such as, for example, veneering in the production of plywood boards, the application rate is not determined by the mass fraction of the total mass, but is determined by the gram per m ² . For this reason, the application amount of binder on the cellulosic substrate is particularly preferably between 80 g / m ² and 140 g / m ² .

The pressing can take place at different temperatures. The temperature causes, in particular, a (further) denaturation of the proteins or, for example, an evaporation / decomposition of additives containing them. For example, a peroxide decomposes almost completely when pressed in the plate under the influence of temperature, which avoids subsequent emission from the composite material.

In order to achieve a particularly good connection of the proteins to the cellulosic substrates and, if appropriate, if possible to remove a large part of the additives used with the pressing process or to disintegrate, the pressing takes place at a temperature of 80 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 90 ° C to 200 ° C, special ^¬ DERS preferably 100 ° C, advantageously 110 ° C to 190 ° C, particularly advantageously up to 200 ° C

2O0 ° C +/- 2O °. The pressing time required depends on the type of cellulosic substrate, on the pressing temperature and also on the thickness (height in plates) of the composite body to be produced. Particularly in the production of plate-shaped moldings, the pressing times of between 3 seconds and 20 seconds are particularly preferably 6 seconds to 20 seconds, preferably 8 seconds to 15 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds to 14 seconds, advantageously 9 seconds to 12 seconds and particularly advantageously 7 seconds +/- 3 sec based on 1 mm plate thickness.

As already mentioned above, the group of composites includes numerous materials. However, it is particularly preferable for the composite material to be a wood-based panel, in particular a chipboard or a plywood panel. The inventive method is particularly suitable for this, since wood-based panels and in particular chipboard and plywood panels are industrially produced in large quantities and the price pressure is particularly high. As also stated above, in principle all cellulosic materials can be used as cellulosic components. This would also be paper, for example. However, as cellulose-containing components, particular preference is given to using wood layers, in particular veneer wood layers, wood particles, particles of annual plants or a mixture of the abovementioned particles. The particles are present in particular in chip form, wherein the size of the chips advantageously corresponds to the usual today for the production of chipboard sizes. Wood-based substrates and also substrates from annual plants can be used across genres. For example, these may consist of hardwoods and / or softwoods, mixtures of various annual plants or even mixtures of annual and multi-annual plants.

The particularly preferred form of the laminar layers or the chip shape of the particles is particularly suitable for acting together with the binder. The binder can be evenly distributed evenly on chips, whereby the binder does not have to cover the entire chip, but it is sufficient to wet individual sections of the chip. Veneer layers, ie surface-shaped surfaces, on the other hand, are particularly easy to wet by conventional application methods with the binder. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem by a binder, designed for producing a composite material with cellulose-containing particles, wherein a first component of the binder contains animal blood and a second component of the binder is an additive from the group: peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide ,, urea, A-. laun, sodium sulfite, glycerol, formaldehyde, isocyanate such as methyl diisocyanate, hexamine, surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum salt, lignin sulfonate, water glass, ethanol, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, iron oxide, gelatin, bone glue, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, Caustic soda, glyoxal, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, whitewash, reducing agent, carbonates, for example sodium bicarbonate and / or propylene carbonate, reducing agent, phosphoric acid, and / or aluminum sulfate, white limestone, cement, magnesium oxide, Gypsum, aluminum salt, calcium chloride and / or oils such as, for example, castor oil, soybean oil, linseed oil and / or hydrowax.

The binder according to the invention bonds cellulose-containing substrates particularly well, so that the strength of a composite material produced using the inventive binder satisfies all today's usual qualitative requirements, for example in the field of furniture construction, and is also particularly emission-free and cost-effective.

Suitable reducing agents are, in particular, the agents TP 1328 and FF6 from Brüggmann Chemicals. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem by a composite material with cellulosic components and a binder which binds the particles according to claim 12.

Although some aspects have been described in the context of a method, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding binding means and a corresponding composite material. Analogously, aspects described in connection with a composite material or a binder represent a corresponding process step. Furthermore, the invention will be described in detail with reference to several embodiments, wherein the invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment 1

To produce a chipboard spruce wood chips with a residual moisture content of 0.7% are mixed with a binder. The mass fraction of wet spruce wood chips is 55%. The binder consists of 36% animal blood powder derived from category 3 blood as component 1, 43% hydrogen peroxide (35%) and 21% glycerol as component 2.

The additives were first mixed together. Subsequently, the additive mixture was mixed with the animal blood and the total liquid mixture was sprayed onto the spruce wood chips. To achieve uniform wetting, the chips added to the binder would be mixed in a chip mixer.

Subsequently, the wetted with the binder shavings are evenly sprinkled on a press plate, so that a chip cake is formed. The chip cake is pressed in a platen press at a temperature of 195 ° C. over a period of 180 seconds, so that a chipboard with a thickness of 12 mm is produced.

The hydrogen peroxide causes denaturation of the animal blood proteins. This is reinforced by the heat. The glycerol increases the degree of crosslinking of the binder with the wood chips. A chipboard produced in this way is emission-free. Alternatively or additionally, urea, alum, sodium sulfite or a surfactant could be used as a denaturing agent, for example. For better crosslinking of the binder with the chips, instead of or in addition thereto, formaldehyde or, for example, an isocyanate can be used. Embodiment 2

To produce a chipboard, whole blood powder, formed from category 3 blood, is mixed with the wood chips. Subsequently, hydrogen peroxide and glycerin are sprayed separately onto the shavings mixed with the blood powder. The such prepared chips are scattered to a chip cake and inserted for pressing in a platen press. Subsequently, the chip cake is pressed at a temperature of 200 ° C and a pressure of 185 bar over a period of 180 sec to a chipboard.

Embodiment 3

To produce a thin chipboard, for example by the Mende process, hydrogen peroxide is mixed with wax and surfactant. The resulting mixture is applied to the chips. For example, 120 kg of chips are mixed with a mixture of 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide, 3 kg of paraffin and 2 kg of surfactant for a glue batch of 200 kg. Optionally, the wetted chips can subsequently pass through a corresponding mixing device in order to achieve an even more even distribution of the wetting substance. Subsequently, blood powder with glycerol is applied to the shaving with the second component of the binder and also mixed with these, so that a uniform wetting of the chips with blood powder is formed. In relation to the glue batch of 200 kg listed above, 100 kg of glycerol with 15 kg of blood powder are used for this purpose.

From the thus wetted shavings ird chip cake is formed, which led by a continuous press, such as a ContiRoll® or introduced into a plate press and under the action of a temperature of 145 ° C, a pressure of 120 bar and a pressing time of 30 sec Chipboard is compressed 3 mm thick.

Embodiment 4

In order to avoid excessive dust emissions during the compression of the mixtures of the aforementioned embodiments 2 and 3, 0.3% bone glue is added to the additive mixture of component 2. As a result, thickening of the additive mixture is achieved, which prevents excessive dust emission when the chips are pressed.

To increase the degree of wetting of the chips with the additive mixture, the Ad In addition, a surfactant are admixed in a quantity of about 1% of the total amount of the additives. This prevents segregation of the additive mixture or degradation of the peroxides and significantly improves the wetting of the chips with the additive mixture.

To improve the crosslinking, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate, hexamine or else lignosulfonate may additionally or instead be added. Embodiment 5

A binder foam is produced which, before foaming, comprises 6% of glycerol, 30% of hydrogen peroxide, 5% of alum and 5% of pure animal blood protein. consists. The binder foam is mixed with spruce wood chips (residual moisture 0.7%) for producing a chipboard, wherein the mass ratio of chips (atro) to foam is about 70% to 30%. The chip cake thus formed is compressed accordingly in a pressing device at a temperature between 170 ° C and 190 ° C and a pressing time of 200 sec with a pressing pressure of 185 bar.

Embodiment 6

To produce a chipboard, a chip cake is formed, which has a mass fraction of about 86% chips (atro) and has a binder content of 14%. The shavings are spruce wood chips. The binding agent is made up of approx. 36% animal whole blood powder (category 3), approx. 42% hydrogen peroxide, approx. 18% glycerol and approx. 4% hydrowax. The chips have a moisture content of 0.7% during gluing.

For a uniform distribution of the binder, the chips are mixed with the added binder in a Trommelbeleimer. Subsequently, the chip cake is formed and pressed in a double belt press to a chipboard.

Embodiment 7

3 mm birch plywood veneers are provided for the production of plywood boards. On a first page of a first birch plywood veneer is a mixture of alum and hydrogen peroxide was applied at a ratio of 1: 4.5 by weight of 60 g / m ² . On a further upper side of a second birch plywood, a mixture of glycerol and whole blood powder in the ratio 5: 1 is also sprayed with an application rate of 60 g / m ² .

Then the two tops of the birch plywoods are placed on top of each other and pressed together at a pressing temperature of 170 ° C and a pressure of 65 bar for a time of approx. 200 seconds. Embodiment 8

3 mm birch plywood veneers are provided to make a plywood board. On a surface of a birch plywood veneer, a glycerol-whole blood powder mixture is applied at a ratio of 5: 1 to a surface of a birch plywood veneer. The order amount is about 120 g / m ² . A second birch plywood veneer is placed on the surface. The two superimposed birch plywoods are pressed together in a platen press at a pressing temperature of 170 ° C and 65 bar pressure for a total of 200 seconds. The denaturation of the protein molecules takes place here primarily by the action of heat and pressure.

Exemplary embodiment Q

For producing a wood foam, a pulp having a solids content of 13% of, for example, groundwood and water is used. After addition of 4% blood meal (based on the amount of pulp) and subsequent addition of 4% hydrogen peroxide (based on the amount of blood meal) is formed a wood foam, which is dried by exposure to heat or radiation, for example by ultrasound or microwaves.

Embodiment 10

For the production of chipboard is a finished binder with 2 wt.% To 8 wt.% Animal blood, especially blood meal, o, 5 wt.% To 10 wt.% Of a first Denaturierers such as peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, 3 wt.% To 15 wt % of a second denaturing agent, for example urea, 10% by weight to 15% by weight of a crosslinking agent, for example glycerol,, 20% by weight to 40% by weight of water, 10% by weight to 45% by weight of alkaline earth metal salts, in particular Magnesium sulfate, 0.5 wt.% To 30 wt.% Alkali salts, in particular sodium sulfate, 0.1 wt. To 2.5 wt.% Lime, especially white limestone, mixed in a 100% resulting ratio and on the (wood -) chips, alternatively fibers applied. The binder content is 5% by weight -12% by weight, based on the total mass. Subsequently, the glued chips are pressed at a temperature of 200 ° C. into a chipboard having a thickness of 20 mm.

Embodiment 11

On the basis of the binder specified in the exemplary embodiment 10, as a denaturing agent, for example replacing the hydrogen peroxide, a carbonate, for example sodium bicarbonate, with a proportion of 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight can be admixed and the whole Solution with up to 20 wt.% Are mixed acetic acid or lactic acid. This results in a strong foaming in the heat of the binder, which causes a particularly good wetting of the substrate particles, for example. The wood chips or fibers.

Embodiment 12

To form a two-component thermoset curing fibrin sealant is a binder containing an animal blood solution of whole blood meal and water in the ratio of 1: 5 with the addition of 0.1 wt. To 1 wt.% Calcium chloride and 0.5 wt% and 10 wt.% Of a reducing agent , for example, mixed by FF6 Brüggemann. In order to form the set binder in a flexible manner, it is additionally possible to add from 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight of sorbitol and / or glycerol.

Embodiment 13

Another alternative binder can be obtained by mixing whole blood meal and water in a ratio of 1: 5, alternatively raw blood, 0.2% to 5% by weight of lime, in particular white limestone, magnesium oxide or cement binder, and 0.1% by weight to 2 wt. Carbonate, for example. Propylene carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or Ammoniumhydro- gencarbonat be prepared. The mixture produced is foamed with addition of an acid, for example lactic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. After foaming, we deprive the foam of water, for example, by boiling, resulting in a brittle material with thermoplastic properties. In addition, from 0.01% by weight to 2% by weight of sorbitol, glycerol and / or polyethylene glycol may be added. ben, whereby the elasticity of the binder is increased and the melting point can be adjusted to 120 ° C to 200 ° C.

Alternatively, to obtain a sticky resin, dehydration may be incomplete, and a crosslinking agent such as methyl diisocyanate, glyoxal and / or a tannic acid such as Qucbracho or mimosa extract may be incorporated.

Claims

A method of producing a composite comprising at least one cellulosic substrate and a multicomponent binder comprising the steps of:

- Applying the binder to the cellulosic substrate, wherein at least

- contains a first component of the binder animal blood and

a second component of the binder at least one additive from the group: peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, urea, alum, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfite, glycerol, formaldehyde, isocyanate, hexamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum salt, lignin sulfonate, water glass, ethanol, citric acid, Sodium hydroxide, iron oxide, gelatin, bone glue, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, caustic soda, glyoxal, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol sodium sulfate, lignosulfonate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, white lime and / or isocyanates such as For example, sodium bicarbonate and / or propylene carbonate, white limestone, cement, magnesium oxide, gypsum, aluminum salt, calcium chloride and / or oils such as castor oil, soybean oil, linseed oil and / or hydrowax has and

- one, several or a mixture of the additives of the second component are each applied individually and / or in admixture with the first component;

- Pressing the cellulosic components with the binder under heat to form a composite molding.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additive from the group of surfactants as a component of the second Komponen'- te or as an additional additive is applied.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

additionally one, several or a mixture of several of the additives included in the second component

before applying the first component of the binder to the cellulosic component and / or

- Is applied before pressing the cellulosic components with the binder.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that dried animal blood, in particular animal blood powder or animal whole blood powder in powder form or in liquefied form is used. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one additive, in particular a peroxide, with a thickener from the group: bone glue, wood flour, Aerosil 200 Evonik, alum, aluminum sulfate, xantangum, cellulose derivatives, in particular carboxyl methyl cellulose is added.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass fraction of animal blood before pressing between 1% to 20%, preferably 3% to 20%, preferably 3% to 12%, particularly preferably 3% to 8%, advantageous 6% to 12%, more preferably 3% +/- 1.5%.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application amount of binder is between 120 g / m ² and 70 g / m ² .

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing at a temperature of 80 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 90 ° C to

220 ° C, more preferably 100 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably 110 ° C to 190 ° C, particularly advantageously 20O ^o C +/- 20 ⁰ is carried out. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing time between 3 sec to 20 sec, preferably 6 sec to 20 sec, more preferably 8 sec to 15 sec, preferably 10 sec to 14 sec, preferably 9 sec to 12 sec and especially advantageous 7 sec +/- 3 sec per 1 mm plate thickness.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wood material board, in particular a chipboard or a plywood plate is produced as composite materials.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as cellulose-containing component wood layers, in particular veneer layers, wood particles, particles of annual plants or a mixture of the aforementioned particles are used, wherein the particles are present in particular in chip form.

Binders designed to produce a composite with cellulosic particles, wherein

- contains a first component of the binder animal blood and

a second component of the binder is an additive from the group: peroxide, in particular hydrogen peroxide, urea, alum, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfite, glycerol, formaldehyde, isocyanate, hexamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum salt, lignin sulfonate, water glass, ethanol, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, iron oxide , Gelatin, bone glue, peracetic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, caustic soda, glyoxal, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol sodium sulfate, lignosulfonate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate white lime, isocyanates, such as methyl diisocyanate, ethanol, reducing agent, Carbonates, for example, sodium bicarbonate and / or propylene carbonate, white limestone, cement, magnesium oxide, gypsum, aluminum salt, calcium chloride and / or oils such as castor oil, soybean oil and / or hydrowax has.

13. The composite material with cellulosic particles and a particle verbin ^¬ Denden binder according to claim 12th