WO2015160308A1 - Projectile with fire-safe infra-red strike point marking - Google Patents
Projectile with fire-safe infra-red strike point marking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015160308A1 WO2015160308A1 PCT/SG2015/000120 SG2015000120W WO2015160308A1 WO 2015160308 A1 WO2015160308 A1 WO 2015160308A1 SG 2015000120 W SG2015000120 W SG 2015000120W WO 2015160308 A1 WO2015160308 A1 WO 2015160308A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- capsules
- shield
- ampoule
- support ring
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to projectiles with infra-red strike point marking.
- these projectiles are useful for training purposes or for use as marker rounds.
- US Patent No. RE40,482 assigned to Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns- Juergen, describes a practice projectile in which a marking agent is contained in a frangible hood at the head of the projectile.
- the marking agent consists of two chemical components contained in separate, adjacent compartments. These compartments share a common partition that has predetermined thin regions. When fired, the acceleration forces on the projectile break these thin wall regions to allow the two chemical components to react and give a chemo-luminescent light.
- the luminous light is emitted through the transparent hood while the projectile is in flight. Upon striking the target, the hood bursts to scatter the luminous chemical dye, thereby making the strike point optically visible. Due to use of the luminous dye, this projectile is limited to night-time use.
- US Patent No. 7,475,638 also assigned to Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen, describes an improved projectile 50 that is usable for both day and night time use.
- two chemically active marking materials are separately contained in two containers 55, which are placed side-by-side to each (see FIG. 2). These containers 55 are then encased in an outer container 56.
- the outer container 56 is embedded in a dye powder 54 disposed inside a front cavity of the projectile.
- the present invention seeks to provide a frangible projectile with strike point marking for training purposes or for use as marker rounds during both day and night.
- the chemiluminescent dye material contained in the projectile is activated after the projectile is launched and the flight time allows the chemiluminescent dye to produce an effective glow at the point of impact.
- the pyrophoric substance is released at the point of impact to emit an infra-red signal.
- the present invention provides a projectile that emits an IR signal so that it is useful for night-time use. Another advantage is the projectile being fire-safe.
- the projectile comprises novel features as defined in the claims.
- the present invention provides a method of using the pyrophoric substance so that the projectile is fire-safe.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a known training ammunition as described in US Patent No. 7,004,074;
- FIG. 2 illustrates another known training ammunition as described in US Patent No. 7,475,638
- FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a projectile according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3B illustrates the placement of the pyrophoric capsules
- FIG. 3C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a projectile according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3D illustrates a cross-sectional view of a projectile equipped with a two-part shield around the pyrophoric capsules
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a projectile equipped with an integrally formed shield around the pyrophoric capsules.
- FIG. 3A shows a cross-section of a projectile 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the projectile 100 comprises a plastic hollow nose cap 110 threadably connected to a front end 141 of a projectile body 140, with a rear end of the projectile body 140 being connectable to a cartridge case 160.
- the plastic nose cap 110 is designed to break upon the projectile striking a target.
- the projectile 100 is generally elongate along a center axis C.
- the front exterior of the nose cap or ogive 110 is substantially hemispherical in shape and it extends to its rear 116 in a cylindrical shape.
- the nose cap 110 forms a shell 112 and defines a cavity 118 therein.
- the shell 112 comprises two regions of varying thicknesses; the front hemispherical region 112a is thick, and the rear cylindrical region 112b is substantially thinner than the front region 112a.
- the change in thickness between the two regions defines a line of weakness along which the nose cap 110 is susceptible to break upon experiencing an impact after the projectile 100 has been launched.
- the nose cap 110 is made of a high-impact polycarbonate.
- the nose cap 110 is translucent or opaque.
- the ogive has a different shape to provide other technical effects.
- additional coatings or features can be applied or formed on the ogive to increase performance and safety reliability of the projectile.
- a front end 141 of the projectile body 140 has a recess 146 at its center, with respect to the center axis C.
- the recess 146 is cylindrical in section and has a closed bottom.
- the exterior surface of the projectile body 140 located between the connections with the nose cap 110 and the cartridge case 160 has two projected rings 147.
- the ring surfaces have substantially the same exterior dimension as the cylindrical surface of the nose cap 110 so that they fit with a bore of a launcher (not shown in the figures) to spin stabilize the projectile 100 during launch and flight to the target.
- an ampoule 122 disposed in the recess 146, occupies a space of the cavity 118 between the front interior end of the nose cap 110 and the projectile body 140.
- the ampoule 122 is a plastic container containing a first chemiluminescent dye component 123.
- a glass vial 124 Inside the ampoule 122 is a glass vial 124, which contains a second chemiluminescent dye component 125 that is reactive with the first chemiluminescent dye component 123 to give a luminous glow.
- the space in the cavity 118 surrounding the ampoule 122 is packed with a colored dye powder 126.
- a rubber O-ring 130 is disposed in contiguous contact between the ampoule 122 and the inside surface of the front hemispherical region 112a of the shell 112.
- capsules 170 containing a pyrophoric substance is disposed at the front end 141 of the projectile body 140 and are packed in position by the dye powder 126.
- the dye powder 126 Preferably, there are two or more of the capsules 170 in each projectile.
- the amount of pyrophoric substance contained in each of the capsules is substantially about 500 mg; this amount of pyrophoric substance has been tested to burn for a short duration to emit an infra-red signal that is noticeably detectable and yet does not create a fire hazard; this projectile 100 is advantageous for use in training grounds that are dry and susceptible to catch fire; in other words, the use of this projectile allows a user to mark the strike point with a fire-safe thermal signature.
- the pyrophoric substance is iron-based, h another embodiment, the pyrophoric substance is based on other element or a combination of several elements.
- the pyrophoric substance has a super fast burning rate, that is, a variant that burns with high heat but for a short duration of time.
- a balance between high heat and short duration of burning is achieved so that an optimal amount of infra-red signal is emitted yet keeping the projectile fire-safe.
- FIG. 3B illustrates a plan view when looking at the front end 141 of the projectile body 140.
- FIG. 3B shows there are 4 capsules 170 being spatially disposed in an annular area around the center axis of the projectile 100.
- the capsules are directly embedded in the compacted dye powder 126.
- the capsules 170 are supported on an annular ring 175 that is embedded in the dye powder 126.
- the capsules 170 are spatially placed on the support ring 175 and the dye powder 126 is used to fill the spaces between the capsules 170 and to keep the capsules in position.
- the support ring 175 is to ensure that the capsules 170 remain in position in the projectile 100 because the dye powder 126 and the capsules 170 have different specific densities; preferably, the support ring 175 is made of paper, such as wax paper; cotton or textile fibers, woven or non-woven; plastic material; foams; and so on; advantageously, the support ring is biodegradable.
- the number of capsules 170 shown in FIG. 3B is for illustration and is not so limited; the number of capsules can be few or more.
- FIG. 3C shows a cross-section of a projectile 100a according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the projectile 100a is similar to the above projectile 100 except that the front end 141 of the projectile body is made up of two components, 140a and 140b.
- the front portion 140a of the projectile body 140 serves as a filler plug for the dye powder 126 and it makes filling of the dye powder 126 into the cavity 118 and subsequent assembly of the projectile 100a easier.
- the dye powder 126 is pre-packed in sachets 126a (not shown in the figures), where each sachet 126a is packed into the cavity 118 surrounding the ampoule 122.
- FIG. 3D shows a cross-section of a projectile 100b according to another embodiment of the present invention/Projectile 100b is shown with substantially the same construction of the projectile 100,100a but with a shield 180 disposed between the ampoule 122 and the front end 141 of the projectile body 140.
- the shield 180 is used to minimize the chemiluminescent dye components 123, 125 from adversely wetting the pyrophoric ⁇ substance when these liquid chemical components are being sputtered out after the projectile 100b strikes a target or ground.
- the shield 180 is cylindrical in shape; the shield 180 may have a length of substantially one third to half the depth of the recess 146.
- the shield 180 is made of paper, for example, wax paper, which is biodegradable. In another embodiment, the shield 180 is made of paper deposited with a layer of aluminium or made of an aluminium foil. The shield 180 can be wrapped around the ampoule 122 or attached on the ampoule 122 in the form of an adhesive tape. In another embodiment (not shown in the figures), the shield 180 and the support ring 175 are mortised together; in another embodiment, the shield 180 and the support ring 175 are glued together.
- Another shield can also be added between the dye powder 126 and the pyrophoric capsules 170 to ensure that the pyrophpric substance will not be smothered by the dye powder 126; alternatively, the shield between the dye powder 126 and the pyrophoric capsules 170 is an extension of the shield between the ampoule 122 and the front end 141 of the projectile body.
- the shield 180 and support ring are integrally formed from one piece, for example, with corrugations like those paper cups for muffins;
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of such an integrally formed shield 180a.
- a shield 180b is formed from a cylindrical shape with one end being cut and the ends are folded out to provide support for the capsules 170; in use, the folded ends of the shield 180b are being embedded in the dye powder 126 like in the above embodiments.
- the projectile 100, 100a, 100b, 100c experiences large acceleration and spin forces; as a result, the impulse imparted onto the glass vial 124 in the ampoule 122 causes the vial to break and the first and second chemiluminescent dye components 123,125 to mix within the ampoule 122 and react with each other.
- the spin forces also cause turbulent mixing of the first and second chemiluminescent dye components 123,125 to give a luminous glow, even when the projectile 100, 100a, etc. is in flight.
- the impact of the projectile 100, 100a, 100b, 100c causes both the plastic nose cap 110, the ampoule 122 and the capsules 170 to break.
- the dye powder 126, the glowing chemiluminescent dye material and pyrophoric substance are dispersed at the point of impact.
- the pyrophoric substance is released from the capsules 170, the material begins to oxidize and emits an infra-red signal that is detectable with suitable IR detection devices, such as night vision goggles or thermal imaging cameras.
- suitable IR detection devices such as night vision goggles or thermal imaging cameras.
- the impact forces also cause the dye powder 126 to sputter and to provide a visible effect at the point of impact during day-time training.
- the sputtering of the dye powder 126 carries with it the chemiluminous dye, causing the point of impact to be more visible from a distance.
- ballistic performance of the projectiles 100,100a,100b, 100c is desirably as close as possible to the ballistic performance of projectiles in service.
- tests with projectiles made of different materials and mass distributions of the components were carried out.
- safety tests, such as drop test were carried out to ensure that these projectiles 100, 100a, 100b, 100c are strong enough to withstand handling during transportation and foreseeable types of mishandling.
- a large caliber projectile may be similarly configured like the above projectiles for both day and night strike point marking.
- a grenade may also be similarly configured according to the teaching of the present invention.
- the materials of the ampoule and vial are not limited, respectively, to plastic and glass; they 3 ⁇ 4an be made of other materials to store the chemiluminescent dye components.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/304,067 US20170045346A1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-04-15 | Projectile with fire-safe infra-red strike point marking |
IL248333A IL248333A0 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2016-10-13 | Projectile with fire-safe infra-red strike point marking |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461980028P | 2014-04-15 | 2014-04-15 | |
US61/980,028 | 2014-04-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015160308A1 true WO2015160308A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
Family
ID=54324368
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG2015/000120 WO2015160308A1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-04-15 | Projectile with fire-safe infra-red strike point marking |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170045346A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL248333A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015160308A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11209254B2 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2021-12-28 | Msato, Llc | Pellet shaped marking round for air rifles and pistols |
US11573068B1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2023-02-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Payload protection and deployment mechanism |
US11473888B2 (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-10-18 | General Dynamics OTS—Canada Inc. | Spotter ammunition projectile and method for making the same |
RU206785U1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-09-28 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "ВОЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулева" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | SHRAPEL SHRAPNEL Grenade Launcher Shot |
US20240019232A1 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2024-01-18 | Charles Barton Bollfrass | Projectile for deposition of electrically disruptive material and method of making the same |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080053330A1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2008-03-06 | Detlef Haeselich | Projectile that marks the strike point |
US20110023744A1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-03 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Projectiles for marking targets, methods of manufacturing the same, and methods of utilizing the same |
US20110079164A1 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-07 | Amtec Corporation | Non-dud signature training cartridge and projectile |
US20110252999A1 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Marking ammunition |
US20110308420A1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-22 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Infrared signature powder and methods of controlling the temperature, duration, and intensity of infrared signature radiation |
US20120067242A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Dse, Inc. | Pyrophoric projectile |
US20140041545A1 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2014-02-13 | Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd. | Projectile With Strike Point Marking |
-
2015
- 2015-04-15 US US15/304,067 patent/US20170045346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-15 WO PCT/SG2015/000120 patent/WO2015160308A1/en active Application Filing
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 IL IL248333A patent/IL248333A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080053330A1 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2008-03-06 | Detlef Haeselich | Projectile that marks the strike point |
US20110023744A1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-03 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Projectiles for marking targets, methods of manufacturing the same, and methods of utilizing the same |
US20110079164A1 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-04-07 | Amtec Corporation | Non-dud signature training cartridge and projectile |
US20110252999A1 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Marking ammunition |
US20110308420A1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-22 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Infrared signature powder and methods of controlling the temperature, duration, and intensity of infrared signature radiation |
US20140041545A1 (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2014-02-13 | Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd. | Projectile With Strike Point Marking |
US20120067242A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Dse, Inc. | Pyrophoric projectile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL248333A0 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
US20170045346A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
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