RU2278348C1 - Aerial training ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, applicable in various orienting-signal ammunitions, warheads, as well as in mock-ups, models for set-up of light signals, may be also applicable in training ammunitions, for example, in practice aerial bombs.

SUBSTANCE: the ammunition has a body with a pyrotechnical signal element and an active compound, fuse and an ejection charge. The ejection charge and the active compound are positioned in a vessel installed in the body between the fuse and the signal element, the ejection charge is positioned at the end face of the vessel on the side of the fuse, and the active compound - at the end face of the vessel on the side of the signal element made in the form of one or several grains with formation of ducts between the outer surface of the signal element and the inner surface of the body that are overlapped by the end face of the vessel with the active compound.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and accuracy of co-ordination of the point of fall of the training ammunition if the light background of various radiation intensity is available, simplified construction, enhanced reliability of action, enhanced net volume and speed of response in the search and determination of the point of fall of the training ammunition.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, can be used in various orientation-signal ammunition, warheads, as well as mock-ups, models for setting light signals. It can be used in training ammunition, for example practical bombs.

When using training ammunition, for example during training bombing, it is important to accurately fix the point of incidence, which ensures an optimal training result.

Known training ammunition with marking means to indicate the place of its fall (French patent No. 1544181). The munition has a head with a chamber in which a marking agent, mainly colored powder, is placed. The head is made of material that collapses when it hits an obstacle. Colored powder is sprayed in a certain radius around the point of impact and thus indicates the point of incidence.

The disadvantages of this design include:

- the impossibility of ensuring coordination of the place of the fall at night;

- In the daytime, in the presence of fog, the use of powerful night vision devices is necessary.

Known training ammunition for marking the place of its fall according to international application WO 00/73730 of 05/11/2000, F 42 B 12/40.

In accordance with the invention, according to the application WO 00/73730, the marking means consists of a large number of components, each of which is located in a separate compartment in the training munition. When the partitions between the compartments are destroyed, the components mix and react with each other. The end products of this chemical reaction as well as the properties of these products provide optical marking.

Partitions between compartments are equipped with calibrated jumpers. The destruction of the partitions, as well as the head, occurs when the munition hits an obstacle, so the chemical reaction that occurs when the components are mixed occurs only at the point of incidence, as a result of which the latter is marked.

The disadvantages of the design of the training munition according to the application WO 00/73730 should include:

- the use in the training munition of a signal element that delivers only one short-term “flash” signal, which allows you to fix the point of impact of the munition only in the presence of a background of constant brightness and does not allow to fix it in the conditions of a dispersed arrangement of additional light sources or illuminated elements representing a background of varying intensity radiation;

- the inability to ensure the installation on the ground of the signal element directly at the point of falling of the munition, since the composition of the containers when the munition hits the ground forms a spot of considerable size (low accuracy of coordination of the place of dropping of the munition).

A known embodiment of a practical signal bomb according to US patent No. 4007690, 1977, NCI 102-87 (prototype).

A practical signal bomb, designed to indicate a point of incidence, includes a signal cartridge, consisting of a body in the form of a glass, in the bottom of which the initiator of the shock action is placed, and in the cavity sequentially from the bottom are placed:

- kick charge;

- initiator (fuse) of shock with a locking device;

- luminous device, ignited due to the impact of the initiator with a locking device;

- marking substance in an elastic ampoule, designed to form a signal cloud.

The body of the signal cartridge from the side of the open end is closed by a gasket and a blind cap.

The technical solution according to the patent 4007690 provides an indication of the place of the bomb fall both during the day due to dispersion of the marking substance with the formation of a signal cloud and at night due to reflection from the particles of the signal cloud of light emitted by the luminous device after it leaves the body section.

However, this solution has several disadvantages:

- low accuracy of coordination of the place of impact of the bomb due to the impossibility of securing the signal element on the ground at the point of impact of the bomb, since when the bullet is ejected from the body of the signal cartridge, the marking substance disperses to form a cloud of significant size;

- it is not possible to fix the point of impact of the bomb in a dispersed arrangement of additional light sources or illuminated elements representing a background of different radiation intensities, since although the signal cartridge provides the setting of two signals, only one is used depending on the time of day (day, night) a signal that allows you to fix the point of impact of the bomb only in the presence of a background of constant brightness;

- the complexity of the design and low efficiency due to the presence of a large number of functional units that ensure the setting of two signals;

- a given sequence of signaling (first, the signal cloud of the marking substance, and then the reflected light of the luminous device) can lead to a significant decrease in the viewing angle of the place where the bomb fell at night, and therefore to a decrease in speed in searching and determining the place of the bomb fall.

The task of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of training (practical bombing).

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and accuracy of coordinating the place of impact of an aviation training munition in the presence of a light background of different radiation intensities while simplifying the design, increasing the reliability of the action, useful volume and speed in finding and determining the point of impact of the training munition.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the aviation training munition contains a housing with a pyrotechnic signal element and an active compound, a fuse and a knockout charge, while the knockout charge and active compound are located in a container installed in the housing between the fuse and the signal element, and the knockout charge is located at the end capacitance on the side of the fuse, and the active composition at the end of the capacitance on the side of the signal element, made in the form of one or more pieces with the formation of channels between the outer surface the identity of the signal element and the inner surface of the housing, which are blocked by the end of the tank with the active composition.

Improving the reliability of detection and coordination of the site of the fall of the training munition is provided at any time of the day with signals of various kinds (variable and constant light intensity) and their sequence. In the present invention, the active composition (for example, a mechanical mixture of sodium nitrate and aluminum) provides a signal of variable light intensity, and a signal element consisting of one or more checkers provides a signal of constant light intensity.

It has been established that a constant-brightness light source in the field of view with other luminance objects does not attract the attention of the observer and, therefore, the speed and reliability of detecting the place where the munition falls is reduced.

Improving the accuracy of coordination of the signal relative to the target environment is achieved through the use of an active composition in the training munition that delivers a variable light intensity signal (“flash”) and a signal element that supplies a constant light intensity signal, with the “flash” signal first and then the constant strength signal Sveta.

The choice of such a sequence of signals is determined by the fact that the observer needs to isolate the signal of the training ammunition from the set of background signals. The “flash” signal functionally ensures the attention of the observer is drawn to the place where the training munition falls. The initial “flash” signal is provided due to the relative position of the expelling charge, active composition and signal element in the ammunition body, as well as by placing the signal element in the body with the formation of channels between its outer surface and the inner surface of the shell.

Simplification of the design of the training munition and increase of the useful volume is achieved due to the multifunctionality of the nodes, for example, placement of the expelling charge and active composition in a single tank and their relative position simultaneously solve the following technical problems:

- creating a flash signal;

- ignition of the signal element;

- displacement of the signal element from the shell of the training munition;

- crushing of the active composition;

- the movement of fragmented and ignited active composition in the direction of the signal element and the longitudinal channels.

Improving the reliability of the operation of the training munition is ensured by placing the signal element in the munition shell with the formation of channels between its outer surface and the inner surface of the shell, which improves the reliability of the displacement of the active composition and the signal element outside the shell, since the gaseous products of combustion of an expelling charge and active composition act on the signal element only on the outer surface side, while the signal element is under the action of compressive pressure loads and does not press against the shell of the ammunition.

In aviation training ammunition, instead of the active composition, a signal composition can be used that provides radiation of variable light intensity.

Figure 1 shows an aviation training munition.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of an aviation training munition.

Aircraft training ammunition includes housing 1, fuse 2, expelling charge 3, active composition 4, signal element 5, longitudinal channels 6.

Aviation training ammunition works as follows.

When the ammunition encounters an obstacle, a fuse 2 is triggered, which initiates a knockout charge 3. Under the action of the combustion products of the knockout charge 3, the active compound 4 is crushed, ignited and moved towards the end of the signal element 5. The fragmented and ignited active composition 4 is introduced into the end face of the signal element 5, and partially falls into the longitudinal channels 6. Moving along the longitudinal channels 6, the active composition is ejected from the housing 1 into the surrounding space, providing a bright flash. At the same time, under the action of the gaseous products of combustion of the expelling charge 3 and the active composition 4, the signal element 5 is displaced, and the signal element is displaced only after the outbreak of the active composition.

The use of the proposed technical solutions in aviation training ammunition provides the setting of two types of signals in a given sequence, observed at any time of the day when exposed to terrain with a background of different radiation intensities, which ultimately increases the effectiveness of training bombing.

Claims (2)

1. Aircraft training munition, comprising a housing with a pyrotechnic signal element and an active compound, a fuse and an explosive charge, characterized in that the explosive charge and active compound are located in a container installed in the housing between the fuse and the signal element, while the explosive charge is located at the end capacitance on the side of the fuse, and the active composition at the end of the capacitance on the side of the signal element, made in the form of one or more pieces with the formation of channels between the outer surface of the signal ele cient and the inner surface of the body that are covered container end with an active compound. 2. Aircraft training ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal composition is used as the active composition.

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