WO2015159943A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015159943A1 WO2015159943A1 PCT/JP2015/061679 JP2015061679W WO2015159943A1 WO 2015159943 A1 WO2015159943 A1 WO 2015159943A1 JP 2015061679 W JP2015061679 W JP 2015061679W WO 2015159943 A1 WO2015159943 A1 WO 2015159943A1
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- light
- liquid crystal
- crystal panel
- display device
- crystal display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
- G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
- G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-085643 filed in Japan on April 17, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as displays for portable electronic devices such as cellular phones, televisions, personal computers, and the like.
- the liquid crystal display device is generally excellent in visibility from the front side, but generally has a characteristic that a viewing angle is narrow. For this reason, conventionally, in the liquid crystal display device, various contrivances have been made to widen the viewing angle.
- a light diffusing member is arranged on the viewing side of the liquid crystal panel (display body), and light emitted from the viewing side of the liquid crystal panel is diffused using the light diffusing member. .
- a transparent base material for example, a transparent base material, a light diffusion part having a tapered side surface formed on one surface of the transparent base material, and a light shielding part formed in a region other than the light diffusion member forming region on one surface of the transparent base material
- a light diffusing member provided is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the light diffusing portion is formed by patterning a transparent negative resist by irradiating ultraviolet light (UV light) from the transparent base material side and causing the light shielding portion to function as a mask.
- UV light ultraviolet light
- the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the light diffusing member with respect to the direction in which the image quality is bad (for example, the clear viewing direction in the TN type liquid crystal panel) relative intensity F S of transmitted light (transmission light) is reflected by the light diffusing member, the more strength F R of the light emitted on the outer surface side of the light diffusing member (reflected light) is large, it becomes more pronounced.
- One method for increasing the intensity of the reflected light is to increase the proportion of minute air layers (voids formed between the light diffusion portions) included in the light diffusion member.
- the ratio of the air layer is increased, there is a problem that the front transmittance of the light diffusing member (the transmittance of light toward the outer surface of the light diffusing member) is lowered.
- One aspect of the present invention has been proposed in view of such conventional circumstances, and provides a liquid crystal display device with improved viewing angle characteristics without increasing the proportion of the air layer contained in the light diffusing member.
- the purpose is to do.
- a liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a pair of polarizations disposed on the light incident side and the light emission side of the liquid crystal layer.
- a liquid crystal panel having a plate, an illumination device that is disposed on a light incident side of the liquid crystal panel and irradiates light toward the liquid crystal panel, and is disposed on a light emission side of the liquid crystal panel and emitted from the liquid crystal panel
- a light diffusing member that diffuses light in an azimuth angle direction as viewed from the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel, and the light diffusing member is formed on one surface of the light transmissive substrate and the light transmissive substrate.
- a plurality of light shielding layers, and a light diffusion portion formed in a region other than a region where the light shielding layer is formed on one surface of the light transmissive substrate, wherein the light diffusion portion is in contact with the substrate.
- the light exit end face is opposed to the light exit end face, and the light exit end face A light incident end face having an area larger than a product; a light incident end face; and a reflective face that is in contact with the light incident end face and reflects light incident from the light incident end face;
- the height from the incident end face to the light exit end face is larger than the thickness of the light shielding layer, and there is an orientation in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel and the luminance of the illumination device are higher than the normal direction, The direction in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel is high coincides with the direction in which the luminance of the illumination device is high.
- the liquid crystal panel is preferably a TN type.
- the liquid crystal panel is preferably a VA type.
- a light source that constitutes the illumination device is disposed along one side surface of the liquid crystal panel. It is preferable that an orientation from the one side surface toward another side surface facing the one side surface coincides with an orientation in which the liquid crystal panel has a high transmittance.
- a light source constituting the illumination device includes one side surface of the liquid crystal panel and another side surface facing the one side surface.
- the output of the light source disposed on the one side surface is different from the output of the light source disposed on the other side surface.
- the number of the light sources disposed on the one side surface is different from the number of the light sources disposed on the other side surface.
- the illumination device includes a light guide that guides light emitted from the light source, and the light guide
- the liquid crystal panel has a wedge shape whose thickness gradually decreases along the light incident side surface of the liquid crystal panel.
- a liquid crystal display device with improved viewing angle characteristics can be provided without increasing the proportion of the air layer contained in the light diffusing member.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device shown as a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the backlight with which the liquid crystal display device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the liquid crystal panel with which the liquid crystal display device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a perspective view which shows schematic structure of the light-diffusion member with which the liquid crystal display device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a schematic block diagram of the light-diffusion member with which the liquid crystal display device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention is provided.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of a liquid crystal panel in a conventional liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an equiluminance curve when a liquid crystal panel and a backlight are combined in a conventional liquid crystal display device, and polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel.
- the liquid crystal display device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention it is the schematic which shows arrangement
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an equiluminance curve when a liquid crystal panel and a backlight are combined and a polar angle-luminance characteristic in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel in the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- It is the schematic which shows arrangement
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal display device 1.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 is roughly composed of a backlight 2, a first polarizing plate 3, a liquid crystal panel 4, a second polarizing plate 5, and a light diffusing member 7. .
- the backlight 2, the first polarizing plate 3, the liquid crystal panel 4, and the second polarizing plate 5 constitute a liquid crystal display body 6.
- the side on which the light diffusing member 7 is disposed is referred to as the viewing side
- the side on which the backlight 2 is disposed is referred to as the back side.
- the x-axis indicates the horizontal direction of the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4
- the y-axis indicates the vertical direction of the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4
- the z-axis indicates the thickness direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the backlight 2 is schematically composed of a light source 36 made of, for example, a light emitting diode or a cold cathode tube, and a light guide 37 that emits light toward the liquid crystal panel 4 using internal reflection of light emitted from the light source 36.
- the light source 36 is disposed on the end face of the light guide 37 (referred to as an edge light type).
- the light source 36 may be configured to be disposed directly below the light guide 37 (referred to as a direct type).
- the light guide 37 has a function of guiding light emitted from the light source 36 to the liquid crystal panel 4.
- a resin material such as acrylic resin is used.
- a scattering sheet 38 and a prism sheet 39 are disposed on the upper surface of the light guide 37. Specifically, the scattering sheet 38, the prism sheet 39, and the scattering sheet 38 are laminated on the upper surface of the light guide 37 in this order. In the prism sheet 39, convex portions 39a are continuously formed on the liquid crystal panel 4 side. The light emitted from the upper surface of the light guide 37 is scattered by the scattering sheet, then condensed by the prism sheet, and is emitted after being substantially parallelized.
- BEF trade name manufactured by Sumitomo 3M is used.
- a backlight in which directivity is set moderately to some extent by controlling the light emission direction is suitably used as the backlight 2.
- the backlight 2 it does not necessarily prevent using what gave directionality (directional backlight).
- the first polarizing plate 3 functions as a polarizer and is disposed between the backlight 2 and the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the second polarizing plate 5 functions as an analyzer and is disposed between the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light diffusion member 7.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is, for example, a transmissive liquid crystal panel. Further, the liquid crystal panel 4 is not limited to the transmissive type, and may be a transflective type (transmissive / reflective type) or a reflective type liquid crystal panel.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is an active matrix type liquid crystal panel, and includes a thin film transistor (TFT) as a switching element for switching the operation of each pixel.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is not limited to the active matrix type, and may be a simple matrix type liquid crystal panel that does not include a switching element.
- the light diffusing member 7 expands the viewing angle by diffusing light emitted from the viewing side of the liquid crystal panel 4 (viewing angle widening film).
- the light emitted from the backlight 2 is modulated by the liquid crystal panel 4, and a predetermined image, characters, or the like is displayed by the modulated light. Further, when the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 passes through the light diffusing member 7 and is emitted, the angular distribution of the emitted light becomes wider than before entering the light diffusing member 7. Thereby, the observer can visually recognize the display with a wide viewing angle.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 includes a TFT substrate (also referred to as an element substrate) 9, a color filter substrate (also referred to as a counter substrate) 10 disposed to face the TFT substrate 9, and a TFT substrate 9. And a liquid crystal layer 11 disposed between the color filter substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 10.
- a TFT substrate also referred to as an element substrate
- a color filter substrate also referred to as a counter substrate
- a liquid crystal layer 11 disposed between the color filter substrate 10 and the color filter substrate 10.
- the liquid crystal layer 11 seals the periphery between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 with a seal member (not shown), and injects liquid crystal therebetween, thereby the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10. Is sandwiched between.
- a spherical spacer 12 is disposed between the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 in order to keep the distance therebetween constant.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 of the present embodiment performs display in, for example, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, and the liquid crystal layer 11 uses vertical alignment liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the display mode is not limited to the VA mode, and for example, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, or the like can be used.
- the TFT substrate 9 has a plurality of pixels (not shown), which are the minimum unit areas for display, arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of source bus lines (not shown) are formed on the TFT substrate 9 so as to extend in parallel with each other, and a plurality of gate bus lines (not shown) extend in parallel with each other. And formed so as to be orthogonal to the plurality of source bus lines. Therefore, on the TFT substrate 9, a plurality of source bus lines and a plurality of gate bus lines are formed in a lattice pattern, and a rectangular region defined by the adjacent source bus lines and the adjacent gate bus lines is one. One pixel.
- the source bus line is connected to the source electrode of the TFT described later, and the gate bus line is connected to the gate electrode of the TFT.
- a TFT 19 having a semiconductor layer 15, a gate electrode 16, a source electrode 17, a drain electrode 18, etc. is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 14 constituting the TFT substrate 9 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- a transparent substrate 14 for example, a glass substrate can be used.
- a semiconductor such as CGS (Continuous Grain Silicon), LPS (Low-temperature Poly-Silicon), ⁇ -Si (Amorphous Silicon), etc.
- a semiconductor layer 15 made of a material is formed.
- a gate insulating film 20 is formed on the transparent substrate 14 so as to cover the semiconductor layer 15.
- the gate insulating film 20 As a material of the gate insulating film 20, for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used. A gate electrode 16 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to face the semiconductor layer 15. As the material of the gate electrode 16, for example, a laminated film of W (tungsten) / TaN (tantalum nitride), Mo (molybdenum), Ti (titanium), Al (aluminum), or the like is used.
- a first interlayer insulating film 21 is formed on the gate insulating film 20 so as to cover the gate electrode 16.
- the material of the first interlayer insulating film 21 for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated film thereof is used.
- a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21.
- the source electrode 17 is connected to the source region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 22 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the drain electrode 18 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 through a contact hole 23 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 21 and the gate insulating film 20.
- the same conductive material as that for the gate electrode 16 is used.
- a second interlayer insulating film 24 is formed on the first interlayer insulating film 21 so as to cover the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
- the same material as the first interlayer insulating film 21 described above or an organic insulating material is used.
- a pixel electrode 25 is formed on the second interlayer insulating film 24.
- the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain electrode 18 through a contact hole 26 that penetrates the second interlayer insulating film 24. That is, the pixel electrode 25 is connected to the drain region of the semiconductor layer 15 using the drain electrode 18 as a relay electrode.
- a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium / Tin / Oxide) or IZO (Indium / Zinc / Oxide) is used.
- an alignment film 27 is formed over the entire surface so as to cover the pixel electrode 25.
- This alignment film 27 has an alignment regulating force for vertically aligning liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 11.
- the form of the TFT may be a top gate TFT shown in FIG. 3 or a bottom gate TFT.
- a black matrix 30, a color filter 31, a planarizing layer 32, a counter electrode 33, and an alignment film 34 are sequentially formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 29 constituting the color filter substrate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 11 side.
- the black matrix 30 has a function of blocking the transmission of light in the inter-pixel region, and is a photo in which metal such as Cr (chromium) or Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film, or carbon particles is dispersed in a photosensitive resin. It is made of resist.
- the color filter 31 includes red (R), green (G), and blue (B) dyes, and one pixel electrode 25 on the TFT substrate 9 has any one of R, G, and B. Two color filters 31 are arranged to face each other.
- the color filter 31 may have a multicolor configuration of three or more colors of R, G, and B.
- the flattening layer 32 is made of an insulating film that covers the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31, and has a function of smoothing and flattening a step formed by the black matrix 30 and the color filter 31.
- a counter electrode 33 is formed on the planarization layer 32. As the material of the counter electrode 33, a transparent conductive material similar to that of the pixel electrode 25 is used. In addition, an alignment film 34 having a vertical alignment regulating force is formed on the entire surface of the counter electrode 33.
- the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are respectively produced. Thereafter, the surface of the TFT substrate 9 on which the TFT 19 is formed and the surface of the color filter substrate 10 on which the color filter 31 is formed are arranged to face each other, and the TFT substrate 9 and the color filter substrate 10 are sealed. Paste through. Thereafter, liquid crystal is injected into a space surrounded by the TFT substrate 9, the color filter substrate 10, and the seal member. And the 1st polarizing plate 3 and the 2nd polarizing plate 5 are each bonded together on both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel 4 produced in this way using an optical adhesive agent.
- the liquid crystal display body 6 is manufactured through the above processes.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the light diffusing member 7 viewed from the viewing side.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the light diffusing member 7.
- the upper left side in FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the light diffusing member 7.
- the lower left side in FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along the line AA in the plan view of the upper left side.
- the upper right side in FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along the line BB in the plan view of the upper left side.
- the light diffusing member 7 includes a light-transmitting base material 40, a light diffusing portion 41 formed on one surface of the base material 40 (a surface opposite to the viewing side), and a light shielding layer (light absorbing portion) 42.
- the light shielding layer 42 is separated into a plurality of regions and arranged in a region where the light diffusion portion 41 is formed.
- the base material 40 examples include transparent resin films such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, polycarbonate (PC) film, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, and polyethersulfone (PES) film. Is preferably used.
- the base material 40 is a base for later forming the light shielding layer 42 and the light diffusion portion 41 in the manufacturing process described later, and needs to have heat resistance and mechanical strength in a heat treatment step during the manufacturing process. is there. Therefore, for the substrate 40, a glass substrate or the like may be used in addition to the resin substrate. However, it is preferable that the thickness of the base material 40 be as thin as not to impair the heat resistance and mechanical strength.
- the thickness of the base material 40 becomes thicker, there is a possibility that display blur may occur.
- a transparent resin film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example of the substrate 40.
- the total light transmittance of the substrate 40 is preferably 90% or more as defined in JIS K7361-1. By setting the total light transmittance to 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- the light diffusing section 41 is made of an organic material having optical transparency and photosensitivity such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin. Further, the total light transmittance of the light diffusing portion 41 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. When the total light transmittance is 90% or more, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- the light diffusion part 41 has a light exit end face 41a, a light incident end face 41b, and a side face 41c.
- the light emission end surface 41 a is a surface in contact with the base material 40.
- the light incident end surface 41b is a surface facing the light emitting end surface 41a.
- the side surface 41c is a surface formed between the light emitting end surface 41a and the light incident end surface 41b.
- the area of the light incident end face 41 is larger than the area of the light exit end face 41a. That is, the area of the horizontal cross section of the light diffusion portion 41 gradually increases from the base material 40 side to the side opposite to the base material 40. Therefore, the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is an inclined surface inclined in a reverse taper shape from the base material 40 side toward the side opposite to the base material 40.
- the light diffusion part 41 is a part that contributes to the transmission of light in the light diffusion member 7. That is, the light incident from the light incident end surface 41b of the light diffusing portion 41 is totally reflected by the side surface 41c of the light diffusing portion 41 and guided in a state of being substantially confined inside the light diffusing portion 41, and the light emitting end surface. Injected from 41a.
- the angle formed by the side surface 41c with respect to the light incident end surface 41b is preferably 75 ° or more and 85 ° or less.
- the taper angle of the side surface 41c is 85 °.
- the taper angle of the side surface 41c is not particularly limited as long as it is an angle that can sufficiently diffuse incident light when emitted from the light diffusion member 7. In the present embodiment, the taper angle of the side surface 41c is constant.
- the height from the light incident end surface 41 b to the light emitting end surface 41 a of the light diffusion portion 41 is set to be larger than the thickness of the light shielding layer 42.
- the thickness of the light shielding layer 42 is about 150 nm as an example.
- the height from the light incident end surface 41b to the light emitting end surface 41a of the light diffusion portion 41 is about 20 ⁇ m.
- the light shielding layer 42 is randomly arranged as viewed from the normal direction of the main surface of the substrate 40.
- the light shielding layer 42 is made of a black resin containing carbon, an organic material having light absorption and photosensitivity such as a black resist and black ink.
- a metal film such as Cr (chromium) or a Cr / Cr oxide multilayer film may be used.
- the light diffusing member 7 has a plurality of hollow portions 43.
- the hollow portion 43 is a portion surrounded by the side surface 41 c of the light diffusing portion 41 and the light shielding layer 42, and air exists in the hollow portion 43.
- the light diffusing portion 41 is continuously provided in portions other than the plurality of hollow portions 43.
- the refractive index of the base material 40 and the refractive index of the light diffusion portion 41 are substantially equal.
- the reason is as follows. For example, consider a case where the refractive index of the base material 40 and the refractive index of the light diffusing portion 41 are greatly different. In this case, when light incident from the light incident end surface 41 b is emitted from the light emitting end surface 41 a, unnecessary light refraction or reflection may occur at the interface between the light diffusion portion 41 and the base material 40. In this case, there is a possibility that problems such as failure to obtain a desired viewing angle and a decrease in the amount of emitted light may occur.
- the hollow portion 43 is interposed in the hollow portion 43 (outside the light diffusion portion 41).
- the light diffusion portion 41 is formed of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin
- the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is an interface between the transparent acrylic resin and air.
- the hollow portion 43 may be filled with another low refractive index material.
- the difference in the refractive index at the interface between the inside and the outside of the light diffusing portion 41 is maximized when air is present rather than when any low refractive index material is present outside. Therefore, according to Snell's law, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the critical angle is the smallest, and the incident angle range in which light is totally reflected by the side surface 41c of the light diffusion portion 41 is the widest. As a result, light loss is further suppressed, and high luminance can be obtained.
- the plurality of light shielding layers 42 are provided on one surface of the base material 40.
- the planar shape of the light shielding layer 42 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 40 is an elongated ellipse. Further, a portion corresponding to the lower part of the light shielding layer 42 is an elliptic frustum-shaped hollow portion 43.
- the light shielding layer 42 has a major axis and a minor axis.
- the long axis is the longest axis in the planar shape of the light shielding layer 42 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 40.
- the short axis is the shortest axis in the planar shape of the light shielding layer 42 as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 40.
- the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis in each light shielding layer 42 is approximately equal.
- the major axis direction of the ellipse forming the planar shape of each light shielding layer 42 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the major axis direction of the light shielding layer) is generally aligned in the X direction.
- the minor axis direction of the ellipse forming the planar shape of each light shielding layer 42 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer) is generally aligned in the Y direction.
- the ratio of the side surface 41c along the X direction in the side surface 41c of the light diffusing unit 41 is larger than the ratio of the side surface 41c along the Y direction. Therefore, the light Ly reflected by the side surface 41c along the X direction and diffused in the Y direction is larger than the light Lx reflected by the side surface 41c along the Y direction and diffused in the X direction. Therefore, the azimuth angle direction in which the light diffusing member 7 has the strongest diffusivity is the Y direction, which is the minor axis direction of the light shielding layer 42.
- planar shape of the light shielding layer 42 may include a circular shape, a polygonal shape, a semicircular shape, and the like. In addition, a part of the light shielding layer 42 may be overlapped.
- the light diffusing member 7 having the above configuration is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal display body 6 as shown in FIG.
- the front shape in the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4 with which the liquid crystal display device 1 is provided is a rectangle (horizontally long) long in the left-right direction.
- the horizontal direction on this screen is defined as the direction of azimuth ⁇ : 0 ° -180 °.
- the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 0 ° -180 ° is a horizontal direction (X direction) along an axis horizontal to the ground.
- the vertical direction on this screen is the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 °.
- the direction of the azimuth angle ⁇ : 90 ° -270 ° is the vertical direction (Y direction) along an axis perpendicular to the ground.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the screen of the liquid crystal panel 4 included in the liquid crystal display device 1 by the azimuth angle ⁇ .
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is, for example, a TN type
- the positive direction in the Y direction (upper side of the paper) shown in FIG. 6 is the reverse clear vision direction
- the negative direction in the Y direction is the clear vision direction. So that it is installed.
- the viewing angle is expanded while diffusing the light emitted from the viewing side of the liquid crystal display body 6. Can do.
- the liquid crystal display device 1 there are orientations in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel 4 and the luminance of the backlight (illumination device) 2 are higher than the normal direction, the orientation in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel 4 is high, and the luminance of the backlight 2.
- the direction with a high is consistent.
- the angle formed by this perpendicular is the polar angle ⁇ .
- the high brightness direction of the backlight 2 is measured.
- the backlight in an orientation ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) within the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° and 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360 °.
- the luminance L ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the light 2 is measured, the direction ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ) having the highest luminance is specified, and the direction ⁇ 0 is set as the high luminance direction of the backlight 2.
- a conoscope is used to measure the brightness.
- the conoscope for example, EzContrast manufactured by ELDIM is used. FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a result of luminance measurement of the backlight 2 using a conoscope.
- the high transmittance direction of the liquid crystal panel 4 is measured.
- a liquid crystal panel 4 is disposed on the backlight 2 (on the upper surface side), and light is emitted from the backlight 2 to the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the upper surface of the liquid crystal panel 4 (the surface on the light diffusing member 7 side) is defined as the plane 50 in the orientation ( ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′) within the range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° and 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360 °.
- the luminance L ′ ( ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′) of the liquid crystal panel 4 is measured.
- L ′ ( ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′) / L ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) T ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is calculated, and L ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is set so that T ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) becomes the largest.
- L ′ ( ⁇ ′, ⁇ ′) is specified. For example, when the direction in which T ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the largest is ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ), this direction ⁇ 0 is defined as the high transmittance direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the high luminance direction of the backlight 2 obtained as described above matches the high transmittance direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the light diffusing member 7 has an effect of relieving a characteristic difference for each direction of light by reflecting a part of the incident light and transmitting the remaining light, thereby mixing the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the TN type liquid crystal panel there is a direction in which the color change is specifically large like the clear vision direction.
- the color of the light mixed with the transmitted light of the light diffusing member 7 and the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7 approaches the color of the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7.
- the luminance Y ′ ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ) of the light in which the transmitted light and the reflected light are mixed is expressed by the following formula (1).
- theta is the polar angle, phi azimuth
- Y'( ⁇ 0, ⁇ 0 ) is the light mixed reflected light and transmitted light luminance
- Y ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the luminance of the liquid crystal display device in the orientation ( ⁇ , ⁇ )
- f T ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is from the liquid crystal display device.
- the ratio (function) of light emitted to the azimuth ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) passing through the light diffusion member, f R ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 , ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the light emitted from the liquid crystal display device to the azimuth ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- equation (1) the color change in the clear vision direction is alleviated by increasing the ratio of the second term to the first term (increasing the value of the second term rather than the value of the first term).
- the luminance Y ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal display device with respect to the luminance Y ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ) of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal display device
- the color of the light mixed with the transmitted light of the light diffusing member 7 and the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7 approaches the color of the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7.
- an image having u′v ′ chromaticity coordinates and luminance (u ′ 0 , v ′ 0 , Y 0 ) is displayed in the front direction of the display, the field of view of the liquid crystal panel is displayed in the direction where the color change is large. It is assumed that (u ′ 1 , v ′ 1 , Y 1 ) is displayed due to the influence of the angular characteristics.
- the backlight 2 is generally configured by a light source 36 and a light guide 37, for example.
- the light source 36 is conventionally installed on the left and right sides of the liquid crystal panel 4 (both side surfaces, when the liquid crystal panel 4 is a TN type, the left and right direction when the clear viewing direction is the downward direction).
- the light source 36 and incident on the light guide 37 advances while being repeatedly reflected in the light guide 37, and is guided when it hits scattering dots (not shown) scattered on the surface of the light guide 37. The light is taken out of the light body 37 and the light enters the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 is a TN type
- the equiluminance curve when the liquid crystal panel 4 and the backlight 2 are combined and the polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel 4 are shown in FIG. 12 as shown.
- the light source 36 is provided on the lower side of the liquid crystal panel 4 (if the liquid crystal panel 4 is a TN type, The liquid crystal display device installed in the side) will be described.
- the polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel 4 are not targeted in the vertical direction as shown in FIG.
- the upward luminance of the liquid crystal panel 4 (the upward luminance of the light source 36) is increased.
- the scattering dots patterned on the light guide 37 of the backlight 2 do not completely scatter, and the light distribution characteristics after scattering depend to some extent on the incident direction.
- the luminance in the upward direction opposite to the lower side where the light source 36 is installed increases. That is, the brightness of the liquid crystal panel 4 increases in the vertical direction from the lower side to the upper side. Further, the light source 36 increases in luminance in the direction from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 4 When the liquid crystal panel 4 is a TN type, the equiluminance curve when the liquid crystal panel 4 and the backlight 2 are combined and the polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel 4 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light source 36 are combined by matching the direction in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel 4 is high and the direction in which the luminance of the light source 36 is high, that is, the liquid crystal in which the light source 36 is installed. The lower side of the panel 4 is aligned with the clear viewing direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the color of the light mixed with the transmitted light of the light diffusing member 7 and the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7 approaches the color of the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7, and more clearly the clear viewing direction of the liquid crystal panel 4. The color change is reduced.
- the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics when the light diffusing member 7 is installed on the outermost surface of the liquid crystal panel 4 is enhanced. Further, unlike the conventional liquid crystal display device, the color change in the clear viewing direction of the liquid crystal panel 4 can be reduced without adjusting the angle formed by the hollow portion 43 of the light diffusing member 7 and the light diffusing portion 41.
- liquid crystal display device As a second embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device in which a light source 36 is installed on the liquid crystal panel 4 as shown in FIG. 16 will be described.
- the light source 36 has upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal panel 4 (when the liquid crystal panel 4 is a TN type, the upper side and the lower side when the clear vision direction is the downward direction
- the liquid crystal display device installed in the side will be described.
- the polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel 4 are in the vertical direction.
- the output of the light source 36 on the lower side is larger than the output of the light source 36 on the upper side
- the polar angle-luminance characteristics in the vertical direction (Y direction) of the liquid crystal panel 4 are untargeted in the vertical direction and are the same. If the polar angles are compared, the luminance in the upward direction of the liquid crystal panel 4 is increased. That is, the brightness of the liquid crystal panel 4 increases in the vertical direction from the lower side to the upper side.
- the light source 36 installed on the lower side of the liquid crystal panel 4 As a method of making a difference between the output of the light source 36 installed on the lower side of the liquid crystal panel 4 and the output of the light source 36 installed on the upper side of the liquid crystal panel 4, for example, the light source 36 installed on the lower side of the liquid crystal panel 4. Or a method of increasing the value of the current flowing through the light source 36 installed on the lower side when the number of the light sources 36 installed on the upper and lower sides is equal.
- the direction in which the transmittance of the liquid crystal panel 4 is high and the direction in which the luminance of the light source 36 is high are matched, and the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light source 36 are combined.
- the light transmitted through the light diffusion member 7 out of the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 4 toward the light diffusion member 7 relative intensity F S of the (transmitted light) is reflected by the light diffusing member 7, the intensity F R of the light emitted on the outer surface side of the light diffusing member 7 (reflected light) increases.
- the color of the light mixed with the transmitted light of the light diffusing member 7 and the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7 approaches the color of the reflected light of the light diffusing member 7, and more clearly the clear viewing direction of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the color change is reduced. Therefore, as described above, the effect of improving the viewing angle characteristics when the light diffusing member 7 is installed on the outermost surface of the liquid crystal panel 4 is enhanced.
- the backlight 2 has a light guide 37 and a scattering sheet 38, a prism sheet 39, and a scattering sheet on the upper surface thereof.
- the prism sheet 39 has a structure in which convex protrusions 39a are continuously formed on the liquid crystal panel 4 side, but the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Is not limited to this.
- a prism sheet 63 constituting the backlight 60 a prism sheet 63 having convex protrusions 63a continuously formed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal panel 4 is used. May be.
- the characteristic (light distribution characteristic) of emitting light from the backlight 60 to the liquid crystal panel 4 by adjusting the apex angle of the convex portion 63 a of the prism sheet 63 is asymmetric over the entire prism sheet 63. It becomes possible to.
- the backlight 60 includes a light source 61 and a light guide 62 that guides light emitted from the light source 61.
- the wedge shape may be gradually reduced along the light incident side surface of the liquid crystal panel 4.
- the wedge-shaped light guide 62 has a tapered shape that gradually decreases in thickness as the distance from the surface facing the light source 61 increases.
- the light distribution characteristic may be asymmetrical over the entire prism sheet 63 by adjusting the apex angle of the convex portion 63a of the prism sheet 63, or The light distribution characteristics may be symmetric over the entire prism sheet 63.
- the case where the TN liquid crystal panel 4 is used is exemplified, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- a VA liquid crystal panel may be used.
- the light diffusing member is installed on the outermost surface of the liquid crystal panel by matching the direction in which the director falls and the direction in which the luminance of the light source is high (the direction in which the luminance of the liquid crystal panel is high)
- the visual angle characteristic improving effect can be enhanced.
- a liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG. 18 is a liquid crystal television, and a high-quality liquid crystal television is provided by including the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above.
- liquid crystal display device 100 of the present embodiment is not limited to such a television, and can be applied to a display unit such as a personal computer or a mobile phone.
- the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described first and second embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the specific configuration relating to the dimensions and materials of each part of the light diffusing member, the manufacturing conditions in the manufacturing process, and the like is not limited to the above-described first and second embodiments, and can be changed as appropriate.
- One embodiment of the present invention can be used for a liquid crystal display device.
- alignment film 29 ... transparent substrate, 30 ... black Matrix, 31 ... color filter, 32 ... flattening layer, 33 ... counter electrode, 3 , 61 ... Light source, 37, 62 ... Light guide, 38 ... Scattering sheet, 39, 63 ... Prism sheet, 40 ... Substrate, 41 ... Light diffusion part, 42 ... -Light shielding layer, 43 ... hollow part, 50 ... flat surface.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年4月17日に、日本に出願された特願2014-085643号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そのため、従来、液晶表示装置では、視野角を広げるための様々な工夫が行われている。その工夫の1つとして、液晶パネル(表示体)の視認側に光拡散部材を配置し、この光拡散部材を用いて液晶パネルの視認側から射出される光を拡散させることが行われている。
反射光の強度を高める方法の1つとしては、光拡散部材に含まれる微小な空気層(光拡散部の間に形成される空隙)の割合を増やすという手段が考えられる。しかしながら、空気層の割合を増やすと、光拡散部材の正面透過率(光拡散部材の外面側への光の透過率)が低下するという課題があった。
(1)本発明の一態様における液晶表示装置は、一対の基板、前記一対の基板間に挟持された液晶層、並びに、前記液晶層の光入射側および光射出側に配置された一対の偏光板を有する液晶パネルと、前記液晶パネルの光入射側に配置され、前記液晶パネルに向けて光を照射する照明装置と、前記液晶パネルの光射出側に配置され、前記液晶パネルから射出された光を前記液晶パネルの法線方向から見た方位角方向に拡散させる光拡散部材と、を備え、前記光拡散部材は、光透過性基材と、前記光透過性基材の一面に形成された複数の遮光層と、前記光透過性基材の一面のうち前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に形成された光拡散部と、を有し、前記光拡散部は、前記基材に接する光射出端面と、前記光射出端面に対向し、前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積を有する光入射端面と、前記光射出端面と前記光入射端面とに接し、前記光入射端面から入射した光を反射する反射面と、を含み、前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっており、法線方向よりも前記液晶パネルの透過率および前記照明装置の輝度が高い方位が存在し、前記液晶パネルの透過率が高い方位と、前記照明装置の輝度が高い方位とが一致している。
なお、以下の全ての図面においては、各構成要素を見やすくするため、構成要素によって寸法の縮尺を異ならせて示すことがある。
(液晶表示装置)
本発明の第1の実施形態として、図1に示す液晶表示装置1について説明する。
なお、図1は、液晶表示装置1の概略構成を示す断面図である。
導光体37の材料としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂等の樹脂材料が用いられる。
詳細には、導光体37の上面に、散乱シート38、プリズムシート39および散乱シート38がこの順に積層されて配置されている。プリズムシート39は、液晶パネル4側に凸の凸部39aが連続して形成されている。
導光体37の上面から射出された光は、散乱シートにより散乱した後、プリズムシートによって集光され、概ね平行化されて射出される。プリズムシートとしては、例えば、住友3M社製のBEF(商品名)が用いられる。
また、液晶パネル4は、アクティブマトリクス型に限らず、スイッチング素子を備えていない単純マトリクス型の液晶パネルであってもよい。
次に、液晶パネル4の具体的な構成について図3を参照して説明する。なお、図3は、液晶パネル4の概略構成を示す断面図である。
なお、表示モードについては、VAモードに限らず、例えば、TN(Twisted Nematic)モードや、STN(Super Twisted Nematic)モード、IPS(In-Plane Switching)モード等を用いることができる。
透明基板14には、例えば、ガラス基板を用いることができる。透明基板14上には、例えば、CGS(Continuous Grain Silicon:連続粒界シリコン)、LPS(Low-temperature Poly-Silicon:低温多結晶シリコン)、α-Si(Amorphous Silicon:非結晶シリコン)等の半導体材料からなる半導体層15が形成されている。また、透明基板14上には、半導体層15を覆うようにゲート絶縁膜20が形成されている。ゲート絶縁膜20の材料としては、例えば、シリコン酸化膜、シリコン窒化膜、もしくは、これらの積層膜等が用いられる。ゲート絶縁膜20上には、半導体層15と対向するようにゲート電極16が形成されている。ゲート電極16の材料としては、例えば、W(タングステン)/TaN(窒化タンタル)の積層膜、Mo(モリブデン)、Ti(チタン)、Al(アルミニウム)等が用いられる。
次に、光拡散部材7の具体的な構成について図4および図5を参照して説明する。なお、図4は、光拡散部材7を視認側から見た斜視図である。図5は、光拡散部材7の構成を示す模式図である。図5中の左側上段は、光拡散部材7の平面図を示す。図5中の左側下段は、左側上段の平面図のA-A線に沿った断面図を示す。図5中の右側上段は、左側上段の平面図のB-B線に沿った断面図を示す。
したがって、Snellの法則より、本実施形態の構成においては臨界角が最も小さくなり、光拡散部41の側面41cで光が全反射する入射角範囲が最も広くなる。その結果、光の損失がより抑えられ、高い輝度を得ることができる。
また、遮光層42の一部が重なって形成されていてもよい。
液晶パネル4が、例えば、TN型である場合、図6に示すY方向のプラス方向(紙面の上側)が逆明視方向、Y方向のマイナス方向(紙面の下側)が明視方向となるように、設置されている。
図7に示すように、例えば、平面に対して垂直な方向をθ=0°と規定する。その平面に対して、θ=0°の方向で交わる直線は垂線である。この垂線となす角を極角θとする。
一方、平面50内において、方位角φを規定し、例えば、この平面50の一方向(平面50の縦方向または横方向)と平行な方向をφ=0°と規定する。
例えば、バックライト2の上面(液晶パネル4側の面)を、上記の平面50として、0°≦θ≦90°、0°≦φ≦360°の範囲内の方位(θ、φ)におけるバックライト2の輝度L(θ、φ)を測定し、最も輝度が高い方位(θ0、φ0)を特定し、その方位φ0をバックライト2の高輝度方位とする。
輝度の測定には、コノスコープが用いられる。コノスコープとしては、例えば、ELDIM社製のEzContrast等が用いられる。
図8は、コノスコープを用いた、バックライト2の輝度測定の結果の一例を示す図である。
この輝度測定の結果では、(θ、φ)=(10°、90°)において、最も輝度が高くなっている。すなわち、バックライト2の高輝度方位は、φ=90°である。
バックライト2の上(上面側)に、液晶パネル4を配設し、バックライト2から液晶パネル4に光を射出する。
液晶パネル4の上面(光拡散部材7側の面)を、上記の平面50として、0°≦θ≦90°、0°≦φ≦360°の範囲内の方位(θ´、φ´)における液晶パネル4の輝度L´(θ´、φ´)を測定する。
そして、L´(θ´、φ´)/L(θ、φ)=T(θ、φ)を算出して、T(θ、φ)が最も大きくなるように、L(θ、φ)とL´(θ´、φ´)を特定する。例えば、T(θ、φ)が最も大きくなる方位が(θ0、φ0)のとき、この方位φ0を液晶パネル4の高透過率方位と定義する。
TN型の液晶パネルでは、その明視方向のように、特異的に色変化の大きい方向が存在する。なお、TN型の液晶パネルのカラーフィルター基板側のラビング方向がφ=225°方向からφ=45°方向、TFT基板側のラビング方向がφ=135°方向からφ=315°方向、さらに液晶のツイスト方向が左回り90°であるとすると、特にφ=270°方向において特異的に色変化が大きくなる。これを一般的に明視方向と言う。ここで、明視方向の色変化を緩和させたい場合、元々液晶パネル4から光拡散部材7に向けて出射された光のうち、光拡散部材7を透過した光(透過光)の強度FSに対して、光拡散部材7によって反射されて、光拡散部材7の外面側に出射した光(反射光)の強度FRが大きいほど、より顕著に明視方向の色変化が緩和されるという特徴がある。すなわち、光拡散部材7の透過光と、光拡散部材7の反射光とが混合した光の色が、光拡散部材7の反射光の色に近づく。
透過光と反射光が混合した光の輝度Y´(θ0、φ0)は、下記の式(1)で表わされる。
式(1)において、第1項に対する第2項の比率を高める(第1項の値よりも、第2項の値を高める)ことにより、明視方向の色変化が緩和される。第1項に対する第2項の比率を高める方法の一例としては、液晶表示装置を透過した光の輝度Y(θ0、φ0)に対する、液晶表示装置の輝度Y(θ、φ)の大きさを相対的に大きくする方法が挙げられる。
ここで、仮に、ディスプレイ正面方向にu’v’色度座標および輝度が(u’0、v’0、Y0)となる映像を表示する時、色変化の大きい方向では、液晶パネルの視野角特性の影響で(u’1、v’1、Y1)が表示されるとする。
説明の便宜上、拡散部材7によって別方向に出射していた、ある一方向の光が、上述の色変化の大きい方向へ反射されたものとし、その反射光のu’v’色度座標および輝度が(u’、v’、Y)の時、混合後のu’v’色度は、u’v’色度空間上で(u’1、v’1)と(u’、v’)の2点を結んだ線上に存在する。
Y1に対してYが相対的に大きいほど、色度は(u’、v’)に近づき、結果的に正面方向の座標(u’0、v’0)との差Δu’v’が小さくなるので、反射光の輝度Yは元々の輝度Y1に対して相対的に大きいほど望ましい。
光源36から出射され、導光体37に入射した光は、導光体37内で反射をくり返しながら進み、導光体37の表面に点在している、図示しない散乱ドットに当たった時に導光体37外へ取り出され、その光が液晶パネル4に入射する。
また、液晶パネル4が、TN型である場合、液晶パネル4とバックライト2を組み合わせたときの等輝度曲線と、液晶パネル4の上下方向(Y方向)の極角-輝度特性とは、図12に示す通りとなっている。
そこで、本実施形態では、液晶パネル4の透過率が高い方向と、光源36の輝度が高い方向とを一致させて、液晶パネル4と光源36を組み合わせる、すなわち、光源36が設置されている液晶パネル4の下辺と、液晶パネル4の明視方向とを合わせる。これにより、液晶パネル4の上下方向の配光が対称なバックライトを組み合わせた場合と比べ、液晶パネル4から光拡散部材7に向けて出射された光のうち、光拡散部材7を透過した光(透過光)の強度FSに対して、光拡散部材7によって反射されて、光拡散部材7の外面側に出射した光(反射光)の強度FRが大きくなる。その結果、光拡散部材7の透過光と、光拡散部材7の反射光とが混合した光の色が、光拡散部材7の反射光の色に近づき、より顕著に液晶パネル4の明視方向の色変化が緩和される。
よって、上述の通り、光拡散部材7を液晶パネル4の最表面に設置したときの視角特性改善効果が高まる。
また、従来の液晶表示装置のように、光拡散部材7の中空部43と光拡散部41のなす角度を調整することなく、液晶パネル4の明視方向の色変化を緩和することができる。
(液晶表示装置)
本発明の第2の実施形態として、図16に示すように、液晶パネル4に対して光源36が設置された液晶表示装置について説明する。
本実施形態では、図16に示すように、光源36が、液晶パネル4の上下辺(液晶パネル4が、TN型である場合、明視方向を下方向とした場合の上方の辺および下方の辺)に設置されている液晶表示装置について説明する。
液晶パネル4の下辺に設置された光源36の出力と、液晶パネル4の上辺に設置された光源36の出力とに差をつける方法としては、例えば、液晶パネル4の下辺に設置された光源36の数を多くする方法、または、上下辺にそれぞれ設置された光源36の数が等しい場合、下辺に設置された光源36に流す電流値を高くする方法が挙げられる。
よって、上述の通り、光拡散部材7を液晶パネル4の最表面に設置したときの視角特性改善効果が高まる。
(液晶表示装置)
次に、第3の実施形態として図18に示す液晶表示装置100について説明する。
図18に示す液晶表示装置100は、液晶テレビジョンであり、上述の第1の実施形態および第2の実施形態の液晶表示装置1を備えることで、高い画質の液晶テレビジョンとなる。
その他、光拡散部材の各部の寸法や材料、製造プロセスにおける製造条件等に関する具体的な構成は上述の第1の実施形態および第2の実施形態に限ることなく、適宜変更が可能である。
Claims (7)
- 一対の基板、前記一対の基板間に挟持された液晶層、並びに、前記液晶層の光入射側および光射出側に配置された一対の偏光板を有する液晶パネルと、
前記液晶パネルの光入射側に配置され、前記液晶パネルに向けて光を照射する照明装置と、
前記液晶パネルの光射出側に配置され、前記液晶パネルから射出された光を前記液晶パネルの法線方向から見た方位角方向に拡散させる光拡散部材と、を備え、
前記光拡散部材は、光透過性基材と、前記光透過性基材の一面に形成された複数の遮光層と、前記光透過性基材の一面のうち前記遮光層の形成領域以外の領域に形成された光拡散部と、を有し、
前記光拡散部は、前記基材に接する光射出端面と、前記光射出端面に対向し、前記光射出端面の面積よりも大きい面積を有する光入射端面と、前記光射出端面と前記光入射端面とに接し、前記光入射端面から入射した光を反射する反射面と、を含み、
前記光拡散部の前記光入射端面から前記光射出端面までの高さが前記遮光層の層厚よりも大きくなっており、
法線方向よりも前記液晶パネルの透過率および前記照明装置の輝度が高い方位が存在し、
前記液晶パネルの透過率が高い方位と、前記照明装置の輝度が高い方位とが一致している液晶表示装置。 - 前記液晶パネルは、TN型である請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶パネルは、VA型である請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記照明装置を構成する光源が、前記液晶パネルの一側面に沿って配設され、前記液晶パネルにおいて前記一側面から、前記一側面と対向する他の側面に向かう方位と、前記液晶パネルの透過率が高い方位とが一致している請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記照明装置を構成する光源が、前記液晶パネルの一側面と、前記一側面と対向する他の側面とにそれぞれ配設され、前記一側面に配設された光源の出力と、前記他の側面に配設された光源の出力とが異なる請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記一側面に配設された前記光源の数と、前記他の側面に配設された前記光源の数とが異なる請求項5に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記照明装置は、前記光源から射出された光を導光する導光体を備え、前記導光体は、前記液晶パネルの光入射側の面に沿って次第に厚さが小さくなる楔形をなしている請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置。
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WO2018216086A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-29 | 堺ディスプレイプロダクト株式会社 | 表示パネルおよび表示装置 |
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