WO2015159806A1 - 強度、靭性および耐sr割れ性に優れた溶接金属 - Google Patents
強度、靭性および耐sr割れ性に優れた溶接金属 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a weld metal excellent in SR cracking resistance in which intergranular cracking during annealing is suppressed during strength, toughness, and stress relief (hereinafter abbreviated as SR).
- Cr-Mo steel and its weld metal parts used in boilers, chemical reaction vessels, etc. are used in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Therefore, they are required to have excellent strength and toughness and SR crack resistance.
- Patent Document 1 among carbides precipitated in prior austenite grains, when reducing the amount of fine MC type carbides such as TiC and increasing the amount of fine M 2 C type carbides containing Ti, toughness and It is described that it is possible to obtain a weld metal of Cr—Mo based steel having high tensile strength and excellent SR cracking resistance.
- Patent Document 2 when a predetermined number of precipitates containing 50% or more of Cr and Mo in the weld metal are present, grain boundary movement during SR treatment is pinned, and generation of ferrite bands is suppressed. As a result, it is described that a ferrite band hardly occurs even when subjected to a high temperature SR treatment for a long time, and good toughness can be obtained.
- JP 2007-290016 A Japanese Patent No. 3842707
- SR crack resistance at high temperature is evaluated.
- 690 ° C. is 1 hour
- 690 ° C. is 9.5 hours or 690 ° C. is 15.3 hours.
- SR processing is performed.
- SR cracking is likely to occur when exposed for a long time in the vicinity of 600 ° C. (generally, 600 to 650 ° C.) lower than the above temperature.
- the weld metal is excellent in SR crack resistance at about 690 ° C. (generally, 650 to 700 ° C.) at a high temperature of about 600 ° C. Offer is desired.
- Gas shielded arc welding wires are broadly classified into flux-cored wires and solid wires. Flux-cored wires have less spatter than solid wires, and not only in a downward posture but also in a vertical posture and an upward posture. This is because it has various advantages such as good welding workability.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is excellent in strength and toughness and prevents SR cracking not only at a high temperature near 690 ° C. but also at a temperature near 600 ° C. where SR cracking is likely to occur.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a weld metal having excellent SR cracking resistance.
- the weld metal of the present invention that has been able to solve the above problems is, in mass%, C: 0.06 to 0.10%, Si: 0.4 to 0.6%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0. %, Cr: 1.8-3.0%, Mo: 0.8-1.2%, Ti: 0.02-0.08%, B: 0.002% or less (including 0%), N : 0.005 to 0.01%, O: 0.03 to 0.07%, balance: iron and inevitable impurities, and C content [C], Cr content [Cr] And the content [B] of B satisfies the following formula (1). 3.0 ⁇ 13 ⁇ [C] + [Cr] + 160 ⁇ [B] ⁇ 4.0 (1)
- the weld metal is contained in mass% and further suppressed to P: 0.01% or less (not including 0%) and S: 0.010% or less (not including 0%). It has been done.
- the weld metal is, in mass%, Nb: 0.03% or less (not including 0%), and V: 0.03% or less (not including 0%). At least one element selected from the group consisting of:
- the present invention includes a welded structure including any one of the above weld metals.
- the present invention since the amount of C, Cr, and B affecting the generation of carbides precipitated in the prior austenite grain boundaries is controlled in a well-balanced manner, the size of the carbides is appropriately controlled, and the strength, low temperature toughness, In addition, a weld metal of Cr—Mo steel having excellent SR crack resistance can be obtained. In particular, according to the present invention, SR cracking can be prevented not only at a high temperature near 690 ° C. but also near 600 ° C. where SR cracking is likely to occur, which is very useful.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a sampling position of a ring crack test piece used for evaluation of SR crack resistance in Examples.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view showing the shape of a ring crack test piece used for evaluation of SR crack resistance in Examples.
- FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view showing a TIG welded portion of a ring crack test piece used for evaluation of SR crack resistance in Examples.
- FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating an observation surface of the SR crack in the example.
- Patent Document 1 In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have further studied after proposing the above-mentioned Patent Document 1.
- the present invention has been studied from the viewpoint of providing a technique capable of preventing the occurrence of SR cracking in the vicinity of 600 ° C., which is not sufficiently considered in Patent Document 1 above.
- the prior austenite grains usually contain carbides (MC) mainly composed of Ti, Nb and V, and fine carbides (M 2 C) mainly composed of Mo and the like. ) Precipitates finely, it is known that the grain dispersion strengthening mechanism inevitably reinforces the interior of the grains and relatively lowers the grain boundary strength.
- MC carbides
- M 2 C fine carbides
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied from the viewpoint of keeping the strength of the prior austenite grain boundaries at a constant level and, as a result, reducing the difference from the strength in the prior austenite grains. As a result, it was found that the size of coarse carbides precipitated at the prior austenite grain boundaries should be suppressed. For that purpose, not only the amount of each element of C, Cr and B affecting the generation of the coarse carbide is controlled independently, but also the value determined by the amount of C, Cr and B It was found that if controlled within the range of (1), not only SR cracking at around 690 ° C. but also SR cracking at around 600 ° C. could be prevented.
- the amounts of P and S are suppressed to a predetermined value or less.
- the weld metal of the present invention is characterized in that it is configured as follows. (I) C: 0.06 to 0.10%, Si: 0.4 to 0.6%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 1.8 to 3.0%, Mo: 0 0.8 to 1.2%, Ti: 0.02 to 0.08%, B: 0.002% or less (including 0%), N: 0.005 to 0.01%, O: 0.03 to 0.07% is contained, the balance: iron and inevitable impurities, and the C content [C], the Cr content [Cr], and the B content [B] are expressed by the following formula (1): Satisfied. 3.0 ⁇ 13 ⁇ [C] + [Cr] + 160 ⁇ [B] ⁇ 4.0 (1)
- the weld metal of the present invention is further suppressed to P: 0.01% or less (not including 0%), S: 0.010% or less (not including 0%), Furthermore, it contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb: 0.03% or less (not including 0%) and V: 0.03% or less (not including 0%).
- C 0.06 to 0.10%
- C is an element indispensable for ensuring the strength and toughness of the weld metal.
- C is an element useful for ensuring the strength of the prior austenite grain boundaries.
- the lower limit of the C content is set to 0.06% or more. Preferably it is 0.07% or more, More preferably, it is 0.075% or more.
- the upper limit of the C content is 0.10% or less. Preferably it is 0.09% or less, More preferably, it is 0.08% or less.
- Si 0.4 to 0.6% Si is an element that contributes to improving the strength by purifying the weld metal by deoxidation and strengthening the solid solution when yield is obtained. Moreover, it has the effect
- the lower limit of the Si amount is set to 0.4% or more. Preferably it is 0.41% or more, More preferably, it is 0.42% or more.
- the upper limit of the Si amount is set to 0.6% or less. Preferably it is 0.5% or less, More preferably, it is 0.48% or less.
- Mn 0.5 to 1.0%
- Mn is an element useful for ensuring the strength and toughness of the weld metal.
- the lower limit of the amount of Mn is set to 0.5% or more.
- the upper limit of the Mn content is 1.0% or less.
- it is 0.95% or less, More preferably, it is 0.9% or less.
- Cr 1.8-3.0%
- Cr is one of the basic components of Cr—Mo heat-resisting steel, and is useful for securing strength at high temperatures.
- the lower limit of the Cr amount is set to 1.8% or more. Preferably it is 2.0% or more, More preferably, it is 2.1% or more.
- the upper limit of Cr content is 3.0% or less. Preferably it is 2.8% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less.
- Mo 0.8-1.2% Mo, like Cr, is one of the basic components of Cr—Mo heat resistant steel, and is an element that contributes to securing strength.
- the lower limit of the Mo amount is set to 0.8% or more. Preferably it is 0.85% or more, More preferably, it is 0.9% or more.
- the upper limit of the Mo amount is set to 1.2% or less. Preferably it is 1.1% or less, More preferably, it is 1.0% or less.
- Ti 0.02 to 0.08%
- Ti is an element that forms a fine precipitate (MC, M 2 C) that precipitates in the prior austenite grains when the weld metal is cleaned by deoxidation, and yields, and contributes to securing the strength of the weld metal. It is an element.
- the lower limit of the Ti amount is set to 0.02% or more. Preferably it is 0.03% or more, More preferably, it is 0.04% or more.
- the upper limit of the amount of Ti is made 0.08% or less.
- it is 0.075% or less, More preferably, it is 0.07% or less.
- B 0.002% or less (including 0%)
- B is an element that segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries during welding and affects the formation of coarse carbides and segregation of elements other than B to the prior austenite grain boundaries.
- the upper limit of the B amount is set to 0.002% or less.
- B should be as small as possible, preferably 0.0015% or less, more preferably 0.0010% or less.
- N 0.005 to 0.01%
- N is an element that contributes to ensuring the toughness of the weld metal by dissolving in fine precipitates (MC, M 2 C) precipitated in the prior austenite grains.
- the lower limit of the N amount is set to 0.005% or more.
- the upper limit of the N amount is set to 0.01% or less.
- it is 0.009% or less, More preferably, it is 0.008% or less.
- O 0.03-0.07%
- O is an element that forms an oxide and contributes to improvement of toughness by refining the structure.
- the lower limit of the O amount is set to 0.03% or more.
- the upper limit of the O amount is set to 0.07% or less.
- it is 0.06% or less, More preferably, it is 0.055% or less.
- the weld metal of the present invention basically contains the above components, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities.
- [C], [Cr], and [B] mean the C content, the Cr content, and the B content, respectively. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is necessary that the r value represented by “13 ⁇ [C] + [Cr] + 160 ⁇ [B]” satisfies the range of the above formula (1).
- the r value is set by the present inventors as a parameter that can prevent both SR cracking at a high temperature around 690 ° C. and SR cracking near 600 ° C. at which SR cracking easily occurs. is there.
- the SR cracking resistance deteriorates.
- it is 3.1 or more, More preferably, it is 3.2 or more.
- the r value exceeds 4.0, the amount and size of carbides precipitated at the prior austenite grain boundaries increase, and the SR crack resistance deteriorates and the toughness may deteriorate.
- the upper limit of the r value is preferably 3.9 or less, and more preferably 3.8 or less.
- P 0.01% or less (excluding 0%) P segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries as impurities and promotes SR cracking, so the upper limit is preferably made 0.01% or less.
- S 0.010% or less (excluding 0%) S is segregated as an impurity in the prior austenite grain boundaries and promotes SR cracking, so the upper limit is preferably made 0.010% or less. The smaller the S, the better. The amount is preferably 0.009% or less, more preferably 0.008% or less.
- Nb 0.03% or less (excluding 0%), and V: 0.03% or less (excluding 0%), at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb and V,
- the upper limit is preferably 0.03% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable Nb amount is 0.02% or less, More preferably, it is 0.015% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable V amount is 0.025% or less, More preferably, it is 0.02% or less.
- the weld metal of the present invention appropriately controls, for example, the welding conditions such as the composition of the base material (steel), the groove shape, the composition of the welding material (wire), the welding current, the welding voltage, the wire protrusion length, and the welding method. It is obtained by doing.
- the welding conditions such as the composition of the base material (steel), the groove shape, the composition of the welding material (wire), the welding current, the welding voltage, the wire protrusion length, and the welding method. It is obtained by doing.
- a desired weld metal can be obtained by appropriately controlling Ti, N, and B contained in the flux-cored wire.
- FCAW Flured Cored Arc Welding
- FCAW Flured Cored Arc Welding
- any welding such as a covered arc welding method (Shielded Metal Are Welding, SMAW), a TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas, TIG) welding, a submerged arc welding method (Submerged Arc Welding, SAW), a gas shielded arc welding method using a solid wire, etc. Laws can also be applied.
- SMAW Tin Metal Are Welding
- TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
- SAW submerged Arc Welding
- the preferable composition of the flux-cored wire used in the present invention varies depending on welding conditions and the like, for example, it is preferable to control as follows.
- C 0.07 to 0.12% (more preferably 0.08% or more, 0.10% or less), Si: 0.55 to 0.8% (more preferably 0.6% or more, 0.7 %), Mn: 0.5 to 1.2% (more preferably 0.7% or more, 1.1% or less), Cr: 1.9 to 3.0% (more preferably 2.0% or more) 2.8% or less), Mo: 0.8 to 1.2% (more preferably 0.9% or more and 1.0% or less), Ti: 0.02 to 0.15% (more preferably 0) 0.04% or more and 0.12% or less), B: 0.002% or less (more preferably 0.001% or less), N: 0.005 to 0.01% (more preferably 0.006% or more), 0.009% or less), balance: iron and inevitable impurities.
- the wire has an r value represented by 13 ⁇ [C] + [Cr] + 160 ⁇ [B] of more than 3.4 and less than 4.6 for the purpose of further enhancing prevention of SR cracking. It is preferable to control to (more preferably 3.5 or more and 4.2 or less).
- the said wire is Nb: 0.03% or less (more preferably 0.02% or less) and V: 0.03% or less (more preferably 0) for the purpose of further improving the occurrence of SR cracking. It is more preferable to control to at least one element selected from the group consisting of .02% or less).
- P 0.01% or less (more preferably 0.008% or less) and S: 0.010% or less (more preferably 0.008% or less) are more controlled. preferable.
- a strong deoxidizing element (Mg, Al, etc.) is added at about 0.50 to 0.85% (more preferably 0.6 to 0.7%). It is preferable to control within the range.
- the flux-cored wire used in the present invention can contain, for example, Cu, Ni, Co, W, etc. as components other than those described above, depending on the required performance of the work piece (base material), so long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may be included as appropriate.
- the composition of the flux is not particularly limited as long as it is normally used.
- the composition is mainly composed of rutile or the like.
- the flux filling rate of the flux-cored wire is not particularly defined, and can be appropriately set in consideration of wire productivity, for example, disconnection during molding and wire drawing.
- the flux filling factor is preferably in the range of approximately 11.0 to 18.0%.
- the cross-sectional shape of the wire is not particularly limited, and for example, there may or may not be a joint. If the cross-sectional shape of the wire is not uniform, Cu plating, Ni plating, or a composite plating thereof may be applied to the surface of the wire for the purpose of improving the wire feedability.
- the preferred composition of the steel material used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range specified for the Cr—Mo steel.
- the method of gas shield arc welding is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be employed.
- shielding gas in addition to 100% CO 2 gas, a mixed gas of Ar gas and CO 2 gas, a mixed gas of Ar gas and O 2 gas, and a mixture of three kinds of Ar gas, CO 2 gas and O 2 gas Gas or the like is used.
- Example 1 Flux-cored wire and base material
- the plate thickness of the steel plate 1 is 19 mm, and the composition is as shown in Table 2.
- a backing metal 2 having the same chemical composition as the weld base metal is arranged at the lower part of the V-shaped groove, and the gap width (root gap) L1 of the portion where the backing metal is arranged is set. It was 13 mm.
- the test material after welding is heated, and when the temperature of the test material exceeds 300 ° C., the heating conditions are adjusted so that the average rate of temperature rise is 55 ° C./h or less. Was heated until the temperature reached 690 ° C. And after hold
- the temperature increase rate and the cooling rate in the temperature range where the temperature of the test material is 300 ° C. or lower do not affect the expression of desired characteristics, and thus are not defined.
- a TS having a strength of 700 MPa or more was evaluated as “high in strength”.
- a Charpy impact test piece (JIS Z3111 No. 4) is taken from the center of the weld metal in the direction perpendicular to the weld line, and the Charpy impact test is carried out to obtain the absorbed energy at 0 ° C. It was measured. Three Charpy impact test specimens were collected, and the average value thereof was taken as the Charpy impact value (vE 0 ).
- a ring crack test piece having a slit width of 0.5 mm is set so that the vicinity of the bottom part of the U notch becomes the original part. Collected.
- the detailed shape of the ring crack test piece is shown in FIG. 5B.
- the ring crack specimen has a U-notch and a slit that reaches a cavity inside the cylinder.
- the ring crack test was carried out with reference to “Study on stress relief annealing crack (2nd report)” (Natsuki et al., Journal of Welding Society: Vol. 33, No. 9 (1964) P. 718). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5C, the ring crack test piece is pushed so that the slit width (0.5 mm) of the test piece is 0.05 mm in a state where bending stress is applied in the direction indicated by the arrow. In a contracted state, TIG welding was performed without using a filler metal, and a tensile residual stress was applied to the bottom of the U notch.
- test piece after TIG welding was subjected to the following two types of SR treatment. -Heating at 625 ° C for 10 hours, followed by furnace cooling (SR treatment under normal conditions) -Heating at 690 ° C for 1 hour, followed by furnace cooling (SR treatment under high temperature conditions)
- the test piece was divided into three equal parts, and the cross section (near the bottom of the U notch) was observed with an optical microscope at a magnification of 100 times to examine the occurrence of SR cracks.
- the weld metal in which no crack was generated in the vicinity of the bottom of the notch was evaluated as having excellent SR crack resistance (good). It was evaluated that the weld metal in which even one crack occurred was inferior in SR crack resistance (defect).
- Table 3 1 to 10 No. in Table 3 1 to 10 are examples of the present invention in which the flux-cored wires W1 to W10 are used, respectively, and the composition of the weld metal satisfies the requirements of the present invention, and is excellent in strength and low temperature toughness, and at 625 ° C for 10 hours, 690 ° C In any SR treatment for 1 hour, the SR cracking resistance is excellent.
- Reference numerals 11 to 28 are comparative examples using flux-cored wires W11 to W28, respectively, and the composition of the weld metal does not satisfy any of the requirements of the present invention, and has the following problems.
- No. 11 has a small amount of C and Si, a large amount of V, and a wire W11 having a small r value represented by C, Cr and B. Therefore, the amount of C and Si in the weld metal is small, the amount of V This is an example in which the amount of S is large and the r value is small.
- the SR crack resistance at high temperatures was good, but the SR crack resistance under normal conditions was deteriorated. From this result, SR crack resistance may be poor under other conditions even if the characteristics under high temperature conditions are good. In order to exhibit good characteristics under any conditions, It can be seen that it is important to satisfy the requirements of the invention.
- No. No. 12 is an example in which the amount of C in the weld metal is large because the wire W12 having a large amount of C is used. As a result, the low-temperature toughness deteriorated and cracking occurred under any conditions regarding the SR cracking resistance.
- No. No. 13 is an example in which the amount of Si in the weld metal is large because the wire W13 having a large amount of Si is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 14 is an example in which the amount of Mn in the weld metal is small because the wire W14 having a small amount of Mn is used. As a result, the strength decreased and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. 15 is an example in which the amount of Mn in the weld metal is large because the wire W15 having a large amount of Mn is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 16 is an example in which the amount of Cr in the weld metal is small and the r value is small because the wire W16 having a small r value is used. As a result, the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. 17 is an example in which the amount of Cr in the weld metal is large and the r value is large because the wire W17 having a large amount of Cr and a large r value is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. 18 is an example in which the amount of Mo in the weld metal is small because the wire W18 having a small amount of Mo is used. As a result, the strength decreased.
- No. 19 is an example in which the amount of Mo in the weld metal is large because the wire W19 having a large amount of Mo is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 20 is an example in which the amount of Ti in the weld metal is small because the wire W20 having a small amount of Ti is used. Moreover, since deoxidation was not enough, the amount of O also increased. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 21 is an example in which the amount of Ti in the weld metal is large because the wire W21 having a large amount of Ti is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 22 is an example in which the amount of B in the weld metal is large because the wire W22 having a large amount of B is used. As a result, the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 23 is an example in which the amount of C and Si is small, the amount of N is large, and the wire W23 having a small r value is used, so the amount of C and Si in the weld metal is small, the amount of N is large, and the r value is small. .
- the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 24 is an example in which the amount of C and Si is small, the amount of S is large, and the wire W24 having a small r value is used. Therefore, the amount of C and Si in the weld metal is small, the amount of S is large, and the r value is small. . Moreover, since deoxidation was not enough, the amount of O also increased. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 25 is an example in which the amount of Nb in the weld metal is large because the wire W25 having a large amount of Nb is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 26 is an example in which the amount of V in the weld metal is large because the wire W26 having a large amount of V is used. As a result, the low temperature toughness deteriorated, and the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 27 is an example in which the r value in the weld metal is small because the wire W27 having only a small r value is used. As a result, the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- No. No. 28 is an example in which the r value in the weld metal is large because the wire W28 having a large amount of C and a large r value is used. As a result, the SR crack resistance deteriorated under any conditions.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- Aspect 1 % By mass C: 0.06 to 0.10%, Si: 0.4 to 0.6%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0%, Cr: 1.8 to 3.0%, Mo: 0.8-1.2%, Ti: 0.02 to 0.08%, B: 0.002% or less (including 0%), N: 0.005 to 0.01%, O: 0.03-0.07%
- Aspect 2 The weld metal according to aspect 1, wherein the weld metal is further suppressed to P: 0.01% or less (not including 0%) and S: 0.010% or less (not including 0%) by mass%.
- Aspect 3 Further, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb: 0.03% or less (not including 0%) and V: 0.03% or less (not including 0%) is contained in mass%.
- Aspect 4 A welded structure comprising the weld metal according to any one of aspects 1 to 3.
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Abstract
Description
3.0≦13×[C]+[Cr]+160×[B]≦4.0・・・(1)
そのためには、上記粗大炭化物の生成に影響するC、Cr、Bの各元素について、それぞれの量を単独で制御するのみならず、C、Cr、Bの量によって決定される値を前述した式(1)の範囲内に制御すれば、690℃近傍でのSR割れのみならず600℃近傍でのSR割れを防止できることを突き止めた。
(i)C:0.06~0.10%、Si:0.4~0.6%、Mn:0.5~1.0%、Cr:1.8~3.0%、Mo:0.8~1.2%、Ti:0.02~0.08%、B:0.002%以下(0%を含む)、N:0.005~0.01%、O:0.03~0.07%を含有し、残部:鉄および不可避不純物であり、且つ、Cの含有量[C]、Crの含有量[Cr]、およびBの含有量[B]が下式(1)を満足する。
3.0≦13×[C]+[Cr]+160×[B]≦4.0・・・(1)
以下、各成分について説明する。
Cは、溶接金属の強度および靱性を確保するために不可欠な元素である。更にCは、旧オーステナイト粒界の強度を確保するために有用な元素である。これらの作用を有効に発揮させるため、C量の下限を0.06%以上とする。好ましくは0.07%以上、より好ましくは0.075%以上である。ただし、Cを過剰に添加すると、マルテンサイトなどの硬質組織が増加し、靭性が劣化するため、C量の上限を0.10%以下とする。好ましくは0.09%以下、より好ましくは0.08%以下である。
Siは、脱酸作用により溶接金属を清浄にし、歩留まった場合は固溶強化させ、強度の向上に寄与する元素である。また、旧オーステナイト粒界に析出する炭化物の成長速度を遅らせる作用を有しており、靱性、および耐SR割れ性の向上に有効である。これらの作用を有効に発揮させるため、Si量の下限を0.4%以上とする。好ましくは0.41%以上、より好ましくは0.42%以上である。ただし、Siを過剰に添加すると、旧オーステナイト粒界に局所的に粗大な炭化物が生成し、不純物の偏析と共に、粒界脆化を助長し、耐SR割れ性が劣化する。マルテンサイトなどの硬質組織が増加し、靭性が劣化するため、Si量の上限を0.6%以下とする。好ましくは0.5%以下、より好ましくは0.48%以下である。
Mnは、溶接金属の強度および靭性を確保するのに有用な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、Mn量の下限を0.5%以上とする。好ましくは0.6%以上、より好ましくは0.7%以上である。ただし、Mnを過剰に添加すると、焼入れ性の増大と共に、不純物の偏析による粒界脆化を助長するため、Mn量の上限を1.0%以下とする。好ましくは0.95%以下、より好ましくは0.9%以下である。
Crは、Cr-Mo系耐熱鋼の基本成分の一つであり、高温での強度確保に有用である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、Cr量の下限を1.8%以上とする。好ましくは2.0%以上、より好ましくは2.1%以上である。ただし、Crを過剰に添加すると、旧オーステナイト粒界に析出する粗大な炭化物の増加を招くほか、旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析して粒界の強度向上に有用なC量を確保することができず、耐SR割れ性が劣化する。そのため、Cr量の上限を3.0%以下とする。好ましくは2.8%以下、より好ましくは2.5%以下である。
Moは、Crと同様、Cr-Mo系耐熱鋼の基本成分の一つであり、強度の確保に寄与する元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、Mo量の下限を0.8%以上とする。好ましくは0.85%以上、より好ましくは0.9%以上である。ただし、Moを過剰に添加すると、焼入れ性の増大と共に、旧オーステナイト粒界に析出する微細析出物M2Cの生成によって靱性が劣化するため、Mo量の上限を1.2%以下とする。好ましくは1.1%以下、より好ましくは1.0%以下である。
Tiは、脱酸作用により溶接金属を清浄にし、歩留まった場合は旧オーステナイト粒内に析出する微細析出物(MC、M2C)を形成する元素であり、溶接金属の強度確保に寄与する元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、Ti量の下限を0.02%以上とする。好ましくは0.03%以上、より好ましくは0.04%以上である。ただし、Tiを過剰に添加すると、MC量の増加によって強度の過度な上昇を招き、靱性が低下し、SR割れを助長するため、Ti量の上限を0.08%以下とする。好ましくは0.075%以下、より好ましくは0.07%以下である。
Bは、溶接時に旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析して、粗大炭化物の生成やB以外の元素の旧オーステナイト粒界への偏析に影響を及ぼす元素である。B量を過剰に添加すると、旧オーステナイト粒界に析出する粗大炭化物の生成を助長すると共に、旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析するC量が確保されず、C添加による上記効果が有効に発揮されない。そのため、B量の上限を0.002%以下とする。Bは、出来るだけ少ない方がよく、好ましくは0.0015%以下、より好ましくは0.0010%以下である。
Nは、旧オーステナイト粒内に析出する微細析出物(MC、M2C)に固溶して、溶接金属の靱性確保に寄与する元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、N量の下限を0.005%以上とする。好ましくは0.006%以上、より好ましくは0.0065%以上である。ただし、Nを過剰に添加すると、強度の過度な上昇を招き、かえって靱性が低下するため、N量の上限を0.01%以下とする。好ましくは0.009%以下、より好ましくは0.008%以下である。
Oは、酸化物を形成して、組織の微細化による靭性の向上に寄与する元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるため、O量の下限を0.03%以上とする。好ましくは0.04%以上、より好ましくは0.045%以上である。ただし、Oを過剰に添加すると、合金元素が多量に酸化物として消費されるため、靱性が低下するため、O量の上限を0.07%以下とする。好ましくは0.06%以下、より好ましくは0.055%以下である。
ここで、[C]、[Cr]、[B]はそれぞれ、Cの含有量、Crの含有量、Bの含有量を意味する。
更に本発明では、上記「13×[C]+[Cr]+160×[B]」で表されるr値が上式(1)の範囲を満足することが必要である。上記r値は、690℃近傍の高温下でのSR割れ、および、SR割れが発生し易い600℃近傍でのSR割れの両方を防止し得るパラメータとして、本発明者らによって設定されたものである。本発明者らの基礎実験によれば、上記r値を構成するC、Cr、およびBはいずれも、旧オーステナイト粒界に生成する炭化物に影響する元素であることが分かった。そこで、これらをバランス良く添加すれば、旧オーステナイトル粒界に析出する炭化物のサイズを適切に制御することができるとの観点に立ち、更に多くの実験を重ねた結果、上式(1)を導出した。後記する実施例で実証したように、溶接金属を構成する各成分の含有量をそれぞれ制御するだけでは所望とする耐SR割れ性は得られず、各成分の適切な制御に加えて、r値を適切に制御することによって初めて、所望とする耐SR割れ性が得られる。
Pは、不純物として旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析し、SR割れを助長するため、その上限を0.01%以下にすることが好ましい。Pは少なければ少ない程良く、好ましくは0.009%以下、より好ましくは0.008%以下である。
Sは、不純物として旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析し、SR割れを助長するため、その上限を0.010%以下にすることが好ましい。Sは少なければ少ない程良く、好ましくは0.009%以下、より好ましくは0.008%以下である。
NbおよびVは、いずれも、旧オーステナイト粒内に析出する微細な炭化物(MC)を増大させ、SR割れを助長するため、その上限をそれぞれ、0.03%以下にすることが好ましい。Nb量の好ましい上限は0.02%以下であり、より好ましくは0.015%以下である。また、V量の好ましい上限は0.025%以下であり、より好ましくは0.02%以下である。
次に、上記の溶接金属を得る方法について説明する。
C:0.07~0.12%(より好ましくは0.08%以上、0.10%以下)、Si:0.55~0.8%(より好ましくは0.6%以上、0.7%以下)、Mn:0.5~1.2%(より好ましくは0.7%以上、1.1%以下)、Cr:1.9~3.0%(より好ましくは2.0%以上、2.8%以下)、Mo:0.8~1.2%(より好ましくは0.9%以上、1.0%以下)、Ti:0.02~0.15%(より好ましくは0.04%以上、0.12%以下)、B:0.002%以下(より好ましくは0.001%以下)、N:0.005~0.01%(より好ましくは0.006%以上、0.009%以下)、残部:鉄および不可避不純物。
(フラックス入りワイヤおよび母材)
まず、ワイヤとして、表1に示すフラックス入りワイヤW1~W28(ワイヤ径はすべて1.2mm)を用意した。フラックス入りワイヤ中のフラックスの充填率は、約13~15%である。なお、表1中のNbについて、W25(Nb量=0.039%)を除くワイヤ中のNb量は、いずれも、ワイヤ中に不純物として混入する程度の量である。同様にVについて、W26(V量=0.078%)を除くワイヤ中のV量は、いずれも、ワイヤ中に不純物として混入する程度の量である。
上記のフラックス入りワイヤを用い、ガスシールドアーク溶接によって上記鋼板1を突合せ溶接した。詳細な溶接条件は、以下に示すとおりである。
溶接電流 :270A
アーク電圧:30~32V
溶接速度 :30cm/min
溶接姿勢 :下向き
シールドガスの組成および流量:CO2100%、25L/min
予熱・パス間温度:17.5±15℃
積層方法:6層12パス
溶接後、SR焼鈍処理として、690℃で1時間の熱処理を行なった。
(溶接金属の組成)
SR処理後の溶接金属の組成は、図2に示すように、溶接金属の中央部分について調べた。
図3に示すように溶接金属の中央部分から、溶接線方向に引張試験片(JIS Z3111 A1号)を採取し、引張試験を実施した。引張試験片は3本ずつ採取し、これらの平均値を引張強度(TS)、降伏応力(YS)とした。
図4に示すように溶接金属の中央部分から、溶接線に対して垂直方向にシャルピー衝撃試験片(JIS Z3111 4号)を採取し、シャルピー衝撃試験を実施して、0℃での吸収エネルギーを測定した。シャルピー衝撃試験片は3本ずつ採取し、これらの平均値をシャルピー衝撃値(vE0)とした。
耐SR割れ性の評価は、溶接ままの鋼板から、以下のようにして円筒試験片を採取し、リング割れ試験を実施して行なった。
上記リング割れ試験片の詳細な形状を図5Bに示す。図5Bに示すようにリング割れ試験片は、Uノッチ、及び円筒の内部の空洞に至るスリットを有しており、Uノッチは、深さ0.5mm、幅0.4mm、底部の曲率半径R=0.2mmのU字形の溝となっている。
・625℃で10時間の加熱、その後炉冷(通常条件下でのSR処理)
・690℃で1時間の加熱、その後炉冷(高温条件下でのSR処理)
態様1:
質量%で、
C :0.06~0.10%、
Si:0.4~0.6%、
Mn:0.5~1.0%、
Cr:1.8~3.0%、
Mo:0.8~1.2%、
Ti:0.02~0.08%、
B :0.002%以下(0%を含む)、
N :0.005~0.01%、
O :0.03~0.07%
を含有し、残部:鉄および不可避不純物であり、且つ、
Cの含有量[C]、Crの含有量[Cr]、およびBの含有量[B]が下式(1)を満足することを特徴とする溶接金属。
3.0≦13×[C]+[Cr]+160×[B]≦4.0・・・(1)
態様2:
質量%で、更に、P:0.01%以下(0%を含まない)、S:0.010%以下(0%を含まない)に抑制されたものである態様1に記載の溶接金属。
態様3:
質量%で、更に、Nb:0.03%以下(0%を含まない)、およびV:0.03%以下(0%を含まない)よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種以上の元素を含有する態様1または2に記載の溶接金属。
態様4:
態様1~3のいずれかに記載の溶接金属を含む溶接構造体。
2 裏当金
3 溶接金属
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、
C :0.06~0.10%、
Si:0.4~0.6%、
Mn:0.5~1.0%、
Cr:1.8~3.0%、
Mo:0.8~1.2%、
Ti:0.02~0.08%、
B :0.002%以下(0%を含む)、
N :0.005~0.01%、
O :0.03~0.07%
を含有し、残部:鉄および不可避不純物であり、且つ、
Cの含有量[C]、Crの含有量[Cr]、およびBの含有量[B]が下式(1)を満足することを特徴とする溶接金属。
3.0≦13×[C]+[Cr]+160×[B]≦4.0・・・(1) - 質量%で、更に、P:0.01%以下(0%を含まない)、S:0.010%以下(0%を含まない)に抑制されたものである請求項1に記載の溶接金属。
- 質量%で、更に、Nb:0.03%以下(0%を含まない)、およびV:0.03%以下(0%を含まない)よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種以上の元素を含有する請求項1または2に記載の溶接金属。
- 請求項1または2に記載の溶接金属を含む溶接構造体。
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CN201580019457.XA CN106170575A (zh) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | 强度、韧性和耐sr裂纹性优异的焊接金属 |
KR1020187032377A KR20180123592A (ko) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | 강도, 인성 및 내sr균열성이 우수한 용접 금속 |
KR1020167028067A KR20160130312A (ko) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | 강도, 인성 및 내sr균열성이 우수한 용접 금속 |
EP15779839.8A EP3133180A4 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | Welded metal having excellent strength, toughness and sr cracking resistance |
BR112016024014A BR112016024014A2 (pt) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | metal de soldagem que apresenta força, dureza e resistência ao craqueamento sr excelentes |
US15/303,837 US20170029923A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-04-09 | Weld metal having excellent strength, toughness and sr cracking resistance |
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BR (1) | BR112016024014A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015159806A1 (ja) |
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CN105478970B (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-11-07 | 沪东重机有限公司 | 一种耐候钢的同钢种焊接工艺及其应用 |
KR101999016B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-24 | 2019-07-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | 용접열영향부 인성이 우수한 고강도 강재 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2019142835A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-25 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ガスシールドアーク溶接用フラックス入りワイヤ |
CN109266971B (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-10-13 | 武汉大学 | 一种抗再热裂纹的含w高强度低合金耐热钢 |
JP7502041B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2024-06-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 高Crフェライト系耐熱鋼用溶接材料 |
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- 2015-04-09 KR KR1020187032377A patent/KR20180123592A/ko active Application Filing
- 2015-04-09 US US15/303,837 patent/US20170029923A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-09 WO PCT/JP2015/061151 patent/WO2015159806A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-04-09 CN CN201580019457.XA patent/CN106170575A/zh active Pending
- 2015-04-09 EP EP15779839.8A patent/EP3133180A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-09 KR KR1020167028067A patent/KR20160130312A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-04-09 CN CN201811071269.3A patent/CN109504892A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3133180A4 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
JP6235402B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 |
CN106170575A (zh) | 2016-11-30 |
KR20180123592A (ko) | 2018-11-16 |
JP2015205288A (ja) | 2015-11-19 |
BR112016024014A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
KR20160130312A (ko) | 2016-11-10 |
EP3133180A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
US20170029923A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
CN109504892A (zh) | 2019-03-22 |
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