Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
  • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
  • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
  • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
  • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
  • C05B17/02—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of fructo-oligosaccharides
• the invention also relates to fertilizer and biostimulant products containing such fructo-oligosaccharides, as well as to a process
• One of the strategies to increase yields is to produce more efficient fertilizers, for example by reducing losses
• urease and nitrification inhibitors have been used to decrease the volatilization of ammonia and the leaching of nitrates.
• fructo-oligosaccharide comprising thirteen fructose units has been described as a plant growth promoter at various stages of development (CN 2007/101006777 and Phytopathol., 157, pp 201-207, 2009). This effect is attributed to the activation of salicylic acid production and its glycosylated counterpart in the leaves of treated plants.
• the fructo-oligosaccharide is obtained by extraction of burdock roots (Arctium lappa) in the aqueous phase, followed by enzymatic deprotononation, ethanol precipitation and purification by chromatography.
• the invention relates to fructo-oligosaccharides of lower molecular weight than the fructo-oligosaccharide described in the prior art.
• the inventors have indeed discovered that these fructo-oligosaccharides cause a better rate of absorption of nutrients by the roots of the plants, and further stimulate the natural defenses of the plant. This effect affects all mineral nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium.
• the fructooligosaccharides used in the context of the invention have in fact a better solubility in water than the fructo-oligosaccharides of the prior art.
• inulin can not be applied in the form of a fertilizer in aqueous solution, since this compound can not remain stable in the stock solution before application to crops.
• the product of the invention allows increased organic nitrogen production in the plant meeting the growth needs of the crop, which is expressed by an increase in yield.
• the product of the invention also allows an increase in the protein content and the nutritional value of protein crops and fodder.
• the product of the invention also makes it possible to reduce the risks of toxicity caused by an excessive accumulation of ammonium ions at the leaf level or to reduce the accumulations of nitrates in the leaves.
• the subject of the present invention is therefore a fertilizer and / or biostimulant composition containing fructo-oligosaccharides as well as a process for treating plants or soils using them.
• fertilizer composition is intended to mean any product the use of which is intended to ensure or improve the nutrition of plants.
• fructose units By “fructo-oligosaccharide” is meant a compound comprising several fructose units and optionally another saccharide unit.
• biostimulant composition is intended to denote any product the use of which is intended to ensure or the capacity of the plants to stimulate the foliar or root metabolism of the plants.
• the subject of the invention is a fertilizer and / or biostimulant composition containing at least one fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) comprising from 2 to 10 osidic units, which fructooligosaccharide is optionally sulfated.
• the composition may contain the fructooligosaccharide in combination with one or more fertilizer materials.
• the fructo-oligosaccharide is preferably in an effective amount in the composition to cause the desired effect.
• the amount of FOS provided to the plants should be sufficient to stimulate the elicitation of inorganic nutrient absorption mechanisms. This quantity varies according to the nature of the plant to be treated and the method of treatment (leaf path or root path). This quantity may in particular be determined case by case by the implementation of macroarrays tests as defined below.
• the fructo-oligosaccharides used in the context of the present invention are polymers comprising at least one fructose unit and at least one at least one C3-C6, preferably C6-dose unit other than fructose, for example chosen from glucose, mannose and xylose.
• the fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) used in the context of the present invention comprises from 2 to 10 osidic units (2 and 10 being included), said saccharide units comprising at least one fructose. It is preferred that the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) used in the context of the present invention comprises from 2 to 9 osidic units (2 and 9 being included), or from 2 to 8 saccharide units (2 and 8 being included), or from 2 to 7 saccharide units (2 and 7 being included), or from 2 to 6 saccharide units (2 and 6 being included), for example from 2 to 6 saccharide units (2 and 6 being included), from 2 to 6 5 osidic units (2 and 5 being included, from 2 to 4 osidic units (2 and 4 being included)
• the fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) used in the context of the present invention may be a mixture of the preceding fructo-oligosaccharides.
• the fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) used in the context of the present invention advantageously provides:
• Glucose- (Fructose) n or Mannose- (Fructose) n further denoted GF n in which n is from 1 to 9, preferably from 1 to 8, and more preferably from 1 to 3, or
• fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) used in the context of the present invention may be a mixture of compounds Glucose- (Fructose) n or Annose- (Fructose). ) n such that n ranges from 1 to 3 (1 and 3 being included).
• the FOS can be obtained from the aforementioned species by a process comprising steps of washing, grinding, extraction (solid-liquid separation), and optionally fractionation and concentration.
• FOS can also be obtained by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, from the above extracts.
• the fructooligosaccharides are obtained by hydrolysis of inulin or by hydrolysis of oligosaccharides obtained from inulin.
• the hydrolysis can be carried out enzymatically, chemically or microbially (for example by Bifidobacterium).
• the fructooligosaccharides are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the inulin.
• Inulin is a polysaccaharide consisting of D-fructose units linked by ⁇ (2-1) linkages and a D-glucose termination linked by an ⁇ (1-2) bond.
• the degree of polymerization of inulin is generally in the range of 40 to 60 osidic units.
• Inulin can be extracted from the root of different plants, especially Jerusalem artichoke and chicory.
• the plant extract containing FOS obtained according to one of the processes described above may be more or less concentrated depending on the use envisaged.
• Total dehydration of the extract allows its presentation in powdery water-soluble form. Dehydration can be achieved by drum drying or spray drying.
• fructo-oligosaccharides can be obtained by chemical synthesis.
• the fructo-oligosaccharides may be obtained by trans-lactosylation of sucrose, for example by the action of trans -uctosylation of a ⁇ -Aspergillus Niger fructosidase on sucrose.
• the fructo-oligosaccharides may be sulfated, for example by reacting an FOS as previously described with sulfuric acid in the presence of pyridine.
• the FOS described above can be used alone or in admixture with mineral fertilizers, to prepare the fertilizer and / or biostimulant product of the invention.
• fertilizers are defined as fertilizers whose main function is to provide plants with elements that are directly useful for their nutrition (major nutrients, secondary nutrients and trace elements).
• root or foliar fertilizers generally use sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as trace elements and amino acids.
• Nitrogen is generally supplied in the form of nitrate or ammonium, the use of which in large quantities poses ecological problems.
• the fertilizer and / or biostimulant product of the invention containing FOS can therefore be used in addition to fertilizing compositions.
• the fertilizer and / or biostimulant product of the invention may therefore contain one or more fertilizing materials chosen from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, natural phosphate, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate and ammonium, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid and boric acid.
• fertilizing materials chosen from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, natural phosphate, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate and ammonium, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid and boric acid.
• the product of the invention may contain biostimulants agents chosen from humic acids, seaweed extracts, amino acids, phytohormones or a mixture thereof.
• the fructo-oligosaccharide represents, for example, from 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example 1% by weight, of the weight of the composition.
• the product of the invention When formulated in liquid form, the product of the invention contains, for example, from 0.1 to 5% by weight of FOS. When formulated in solid form, the product of the invention contains, for example, from 1 to 10% by weight of FOS.
• the product of the invention may be in the form of a product chosen from limestone amendments, organic amendments and growing media, NP, PK, NPK type root fertilizers, foliar fertilizers or nutrient solutions. root.
• the invention also relates to a method for fertilizing plants for improving their absorption of mineral nutrients which comprises applying to said plants or to the soil, an effective amount of a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) comprising from 2 to 10 osidic units or a composition as just described.
• FOS fructooligosaccharide
• the subject of the invention is also a method for the biostimulation of plants of plants which comprises the application to said plants or to the soil of an effective amount of a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) comprising from 2 to 10 osidic units or from a product as described above.
• FOS fructooligosaccharide
• the present application aims to protect a plant or soil treatment process intended to activate the elicitation reactions of the inorganic nutrient absorption mechanisms, characterized in that it comprises the application to said plants or said sols with an effective amount of FOS.
• the application of the product of the invention or of the FOS on the plants may be carried out by foliage or root.
• the amount of FOS provided to the plants is from 0.1 g to 100 g per liter, and preferably of the order of 1 g per liter, for the inputs in liquid form in foliar or in root nutritive solutions. (hydroponics or drip).
• the amount of FOS provided to the plants is, for example, from 10 to 1000 g / ha, preferably of the order of 200 g / ha, for intakes in solid form, for example in pulverulent or granular fertilizers.
• the product of the invention can be used in one of the methods that are the subject of the invention at the following recommended doses:
• the present invention finds application in the treatment of a very large variety of plants. Among these, we will mention in particular:
• peas - protein crops
• plant By the term “plant” is meant in this application the plant as a whole, including its root system, its vegetative system, seeds, seeds and fruits.
• the present application aims to cover the use of FOS comprising from 2 to 10 saccharide units as elicitors of the mechanisms for the absorption of mineral nutrients in plants and as an agent stimulating the natural defenses of plants.
• the mineral nutrients will be especially nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium.
• FIG. 1 represents the concentration of salicylic acid (expressed in pmol / gPF) in the stems of tobacco plants fed with a nutrient solution containing a fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention (FOS), or the same nutrient solution without FOS ( VS).
• FOS fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention
• FIG. 2 represents the concentration of jasmonic acid (expressed in pmols / gPF) in the stems of tobacco plants fed with a nutrient solution containing a fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention (FOS), or the same nutrient solution without FOS ( VS).
• FOS fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention
• FIG. 3 represents the concentration of salicylic acid (expressed in pmol / gPF) in the stems of plants fed with a nutrient solution containing a fructooligosaccharide not according to the invention (Comparative FOS), or the same nutrient solution without FOS ( witness).
• Comparative FOS a nutrient solution containing a fructooligosaccharide not according to the invention
• Example 1 Solid granulated NPK fertilizer containing a fructo-oligosaccharide
• Example 2 Water-soluble NPK fertilizer containing a fructo-oliqosaccharide 100 I water were mixed with 10 kg of a fructo-oligosaccharide manufactured and marketed under the trademark Profeed ® L95. The mixture was kept under continuous stirring for 2-6 hours. The temperature was preferably between 25-70 ° C.
• the fructooligosaccharide-containing liquid was mixed with 10 kg of urea and 25 kg of monopotassium phosphate. The mixture was kept under continuous stirring at 25 ° C. for 24 h, and the final product was filtered.
• the tests were carried out on 15-day-old Lactuca sativa salad plants grown in hydroponics. The tests were conducted under glass at temperatures of 22 ° C / 16 ° C day / night, 60% humidity and a photoperiod of 10 hours.
• the salad plantlets (from a nursery) were washed to leave the soil around the root and cultivated for two days in hydroponics in water to remove nutrients from the pre-growing stage.
• the absorption rate of minerals was compared depending on whether the nutrient solution contained FOS (Treatment) or not (Control).
• the nutrient solution contained: 2 mM N0 3 ⁇ , 2 mM PO 4 2 - , 4 mM K + , 1 mM Ca 2+ , 2 mM Mg + , 100 ⁇ M Fe, 14 ⁇ M B, 16 pM of Mn, 4 ⁇ M of Mo and 0.8 ⁇ M of Cu
• the pH of the solution was adjusted to 6 with KOH.
• the amount of mineral elements absorbed was calculated by monitoring the depletion of these elements in the nutrient solution during a period of time. 30 hours period.
• the nitrate measurements were carried out by ion chromatography (Dionex 120) and the measurements of the other elements (P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe) were carried out by optical ICP (IRIS Intrepid II xd1, Thermoelectron).
• the plants were then harvested.
• the root and the aerial part were separated, weighed and then dried in a forced air oven at 45 ° C for 48 hours to determine their dry weight.
• fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention The impact of a fructo-oligosaccharide according to the invention and the impact of a fructooligosaccharide not in accordance with the invention on biostimulation were compared by measuring the level of jasmonic acid (phytohormone) in the stems. of tobacco plants.
• jasmonic acid plays a role in resistance to insects and diseases.
• An increase in the level of jasmonic acid in the tissues is therefore a good indicator of the increase in the resistance potential of plants to pathogens.
• fructooligosaccharides comprising from 2 to 10 saccharide units (sold under the reference Profeed ® L95) was compared to the effect of a comparative FOS (marketed under the reference PROBIOFEED ®, containing 95 % Inulin and 5% monosaccharides).
• FOS fructooligosaccharides
• the treatment of the plants was carried out by a root application of an aqueous solution of 0.3% FOS, an aqueous solution of chicory inulin (Sigma 12255) at 0.3%, or the same aqueous solution containing no alcohol. Fos or inulin. The experiment was performed on five plants for each treatment applied.
• oligosaccharides such as betamune (B), mannanoligosaccharides (S), mannanoligosaccharide (M) were tested either in aqueous solution (10 min at 100 ° C) (B20, Ms20, M20) or in acidic solution (0.1N HCl, 10 min at 100 ° C, whose pH was neutralized before application to plants) (BCI, MsCI, MCI).
• the plants harvested after the application of the treatment were frozen and ground with liquid nitrogen to perform quantitative analysis of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid they contain, according to the following protocol.
• DHJAS dihydrojasmonic acid
• D-SAL 2- H 4 -salicylique
• the agitations were performed in a Multi Reax system from Heidolph Instruments (Schwabach, Germany) and centrifugations in a Centrikon T-124 centrifuge from Kontron Instruments (Zurich, Switzerland). Evaporations were performed in a model 432-2100 vortex evaporator from Labconco Corporation (Kansas City, MO, USA).
• EXTRACTION METHOD 0.25 grams of plant tissue (fresh weight) were weighed to which 100 ⁇ l of a solution of D-SAL and DHJAS (1000 ng / ml in methanol) and 2 ml of MeOH / H 2 O / HCOOH (90 ⁇ l) were added. / 9/1 by volume) containing 2.5 mM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate at -20 ° C. The mixture is stirred for 60 minutes at the maximum speed, 2000 min -1 , and centrifuged at 11000 min- 1 for 10 minutes at 20 ° C.
• 0.5 ml of supernatant is placed in a test tube already containing 0.5 ml of 0.4% acetic acid and then stirred and centrifuged at 12000 min -1 for 10 minutes A portion of the supernatant is poured into a chromatography flask from which it is injected into the system. LC / MS / MS.
• a Waters AllianceHT chromatograph (Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a 2795 XE separation module, an ALLCOLHTR temperature-controlled column module and a Synergi 4 ⁇ Hydro-RP chromatographic column (15 x 0.2 cm) was used. (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The gradient and the conditions used are as follows:
• Injection volume 40 ⁇ .
• a 3200 Q TRAP mass spectrometry detector is used
• CAD gas collision activated dissociation
• EMC multi-channel electron multiplier
• H 4 -salicylic acid D-SAL
• the yield was also calculated using the internal standard as the quotient of the average of the areas of each internal standard in the samples to be examined and in the standards interposed between the samples as controls. The results are as follows.
• Limits of detection (LD) and quantification (LOQ) values were calculated by taking 10 times the mean background level in the blanks as well as in the plant samples. The background noise was measured in the areas of the chromatogram close to the retention time of the hormones. In the case of standards, the results are expressed in ng / ml and picograms injected, and in the case of plant extracts in ng / g of plant. The results are as follows:
• a fructo-oligosaccharide comprising from 2 to 10 osidic units according to the invention induces a phytohormone concentration 4 to 8 times higher depending on the tissues.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

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• 2014
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