WO2015152623A1

WO2015152623A1 - Dialysis fluid transfer device and hemodialysis device having same

Info

Publication number: WO2015152623A1
Application number: PCT/KR2015/003223
Authority: WO
Inventors: 조태범; 이경수
Original assignee: 조태범
Priority date: 2014-04-03
Filing date: 2015-03-31
Publication date: 2015-10-08
Also published as: WO2015152623A8

Abstract

A dialysis fluid transfer device according to the present invention comprises: a flow control device capable of controlling the flow of dialysis fluid; a supply pump for supplying dialysis fluid to a dialysis filter; a recovery pump for discharging dialysis fluid that has passed through the dialysis filter; a volume chamber capable of temporarily storing dialysis fluid; and a pressure relief bypass conduit for ensuring that the pressure of dialysis fluid does not deviate from a permissible level. Also, a hemodialysis device according to the present invention may comprise: the dialysis fluid transfer device; a blood tube through which blood flows; and a one-way valve installed on the blood tube. The hemodialysis device according to the present invention uses the dialysis fluid transfer device having the flow control device, a cylinder, and a piston, so as to quickly change the pressure of dialysis fluid at the dialysis filter in order to improve material transfer and dialysis efficiency. In addition, by transferring blood without using a blood pump, a mobile hemodialysis device can be provided which can be made smaller and lighter overall.

Description

[Calibration under Rule 26 03.04.2015] Dialysis fluid transfer device and hemodialysis device having the same

The present invention relates to hemodialysis to remove impurities in the blood by flowing blood and dialysate, and more particularly, to rapidly change the dialysate pressure in the hemodialysis filter using a pulsatile dialysate flow, thereby allowing the blood and the dialysate to pass through. The present invention relates to a dialysis fluid transport apparatus capable of increasing water exchange and mass transfer of a hemodialysis apparatus having the same.

If kidney function is impaired, moisture and waste products to be discharged out of the body accumulate in the body, and electrolyte imbalance occurs. Hemodialysis therapy is mainly performed to circulate blood outside the body to remove such renal failure symptoms and to remove urinary toxins and excess moisture accumulated in the body through a semi-permeable membrane. Hemodialysis removes urinary toxins and excess water in the body by using the principle of diffusion due to the difference in concentration of the two fluids and filtration due to the pressure difference by flowing the dialysis solution to the other side of the semipermeable membrane. This is how to balance the electrolyte.

A dialysis filter equipped with a semipermeable membrane in one container is used to facilitate mass transfer during the passage of blood and dialysate. As the dialysis filter, a hollow fiber membrane type dialysis filter, in which a semipermeable membrane is loaded in a cylindrical container and potted using synthetic resin such as polyurethane, is mainly used.

As the blood and the dialysate pass through the dialysis filter, the hydrostatic pressure decreases.Because the blood and the dialysate flow in opposite directions in the dialysis filter, the blood pressure is higher than the dialysate pressure at the inlet part of the dialysis filter. The filtration phenomenon that moves to the dialysis solution region occurs, and conversely, in the blood outflow part, the filtration phenomenon in which water moves from the dialysis solution to the blood region occurs because the dialysis solution pressure is higher than the blood pressure.

When moisture moves from the blood to the dialysate area, waste products in the blood are removed together, which is called convective mass transfer. It is known that through the convective mass transfer, the mid-molecule urotoxin of renal failure patients is efficiently removed, and the dialysis efficiency and prognosis of the patients are greatly improved. However, in the existing hemodialysis apparatus, the size of the dialysis filter is limited, and considering the weight and vascular state of the patient, the increase in blood flow is limited, and thus, there is a great difficulty in improving the dialysis efficiency due to convection.

The present invention is to solve such a problem, without providing an increase in the size or blood flow of the dialysis filter, it provides a dialysis fluid transport apparatus and a hemodialysis apparatus having the same to improve the hemodialysis efficiency by adjusting the pressure difference between the blood and the dialysate It aims to do it.

The dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is a dialysis fluid pipe flowing through the dialysis fluid, a supply pump for supplying the dialysis fluid to the dialysis filter, a recovery pump for discharging the dialysis solution through the dialysis filter, and the dialysis fluid tube It is configured to include a flow control device that can control the flow of.

The dialysate tube includes a first dialysate tube through which the dialysate is supplied to the supply pump, a second dialysate tube through which the dialysate from the supply pump is supplied to the dialysis filter, a third dialysate tube through which the dialysate from the dialysis filter flows into the recovery pump, and a dialysate recovery pump It may be composed of a fourth dialysate tube discharged from. At this time, the flow control device may open or block the dialysate flow through the first, second, third and fourth dialysate pipes. Specifically, the flow control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that opening the other two dialysate pipes by blocking any two dialysate pipes of the four dialysate pipes.

To this end, the flow control device can open and close the dialysis fluid tube using a flow path blocking member capable of linear reciprocating movement, a flow path blocking member driver for driving the flow path blocking member, and a support wall for supporting the dialysis fluid tube. Alternatively, the flow control device may include a housing, a flow port installed on an outer circumferential surface of the housing, a rotor located inside the housing, sealingly coupled to the inner circumferential surface of the housing, and connecting a flow path between the flow ports.

The supply pump and the recovery pump may include a cylinder having an inner space, a piston installed inside the cylinder, and a piston driver for driving the piston. At this time, the supply pump cylinder and the recovery pump cylinder is characterized in that the compression and expansion are repeated at the same time. In addition, the cylinder and the piston may be changed to a shock pressing member for discharging the internal dialysate by pressing the shock (sac) and shock made of a flexible material that can shrink and relax. Similarly, the shock pressing member can pressurize or expand the supply pump and the recovery pump 동시에 simultaneously. In addition, the supply pump and the recovery pump may be configured to include a roller for transferring the internal dialysis fluid by pressing the dialysis fluid pipe, a roller driver for driving the roller, and a reservoir capable of storing the dialysis fluid. The reservoir serves to temporarily store and release the dialysate. The feed pump and recovery pump roller may rotate or linearly move in the same direction.

In addition, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that it further comprises a volume chamber that is connected to the third dialysate solution and can store the dialysate therein.

Referring to the operation of the dialysis fluid conveying apparatus, when the supply pump cylinder and the recovery pump cylinder are expanded, the flow control device opens the first and third dialysis fluid tubes, and blocks the second and fourth dialysis liquid tubes. The dialysis fluid of the supply tank is introduced into the cylinder by expansion of the feed pump cylinder, and the dialysis fluid of the dialysis filter is introduced into the cylinder by expansion of the recovery pump cylinder. When the dialysate of the dialysate filter flows into the recovery pump cylinder, the dialysate pressure of the dialysate filter is lower than the blood pressure and filtration occurs because the second dialysate tube is blocked.

On the contrary, when the supply pump cylinder and the recovery pump cylinder are compressed, the flow control device blocks the first and third dialysis fluid tubes and opens the second and fourth dialysis fluid tubes. The dialysis fluid in the cylinder is discharged by the compression of the recovery pump cylinder, and the dialysis fluid in the cylinder is supplied to the dialysis filter by the compression of the supply pump cylinder. When the dialysate is supplied to the dialysis filter, the dialysate pressure of the dialysis filter is higher than the blood pressure and back filtration occurs because the third dialysate tube is blocked. That is, when the cylinder is expanded, the TMP of the dialysis filter has a positive value and filtration occurs. When the cylinder is compressed, the TMP has a negative value and reverse filtration occurs. TMP is defined as the difference between the blood pressure through the dialysis filter and the dialysate pressure.

As mentioned above, the dialysate pressure decreases when the cylinder is inflated, and the dialysate pressure rises when the cylinder is compressed. As such, when the dialysate pressure of the dialysis filter is changed, the dialysate transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a pressure relief bypass connecting the third dialysate tube and the fourth dialysate tube such that the dialysate pressure does not fall within an allowed range. It can be configured to include. In addition, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a means for measuring the amount of the dialysate supplied to the dialysis filter and the amount of dialysate recovered from the dialysis filter.

The hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is the dialysis fluid transport apparatus described above, a dialysis filter in which material transfer occurs between the blood and the dialysis fluid, a blood tube connecting the dialysis filter and the patient, a blood tube installed in the blood tube to transfer blood It may be configured to include a pump. In addition, the auxiliary dialysate pipe connecting the third dialysate pipe and the fourth dialysate pipe, may be configured to further include an auxiliary dialysate pump installed in the auxiliary dialysate pipe to remove the dialysate from the dialysate filter. In this case, the hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may be installed in a blood tube instead of a blood pump and may include a one-way valve to allow blood to flow in one direction. The blood vessel may include a first blood vessel through which blood is supplied to the dialysis filter and a second blood vessel through which blood from the dialysis filter is returned to the patient.

When filtration occurs due to the action of the dialysis fluid transport device, the patient's blood is supplied to the dialysis filter through the first blood tube by a one-way valve installed in the blood tube, and when the reverse filtration occurs, the blood of the dialysis filter passes the second blood tube. Is sent back to the patient.

The dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to the present invention can rapidly change the dialysis fluid pressure of the dialysis filter by using a flow control device for adjusting the dialysis fluid flow, a supply pump and a recovery pump having a cylinder and a piston, and thus, blood and blood during hemodialysis. Increased water exchange and mass transfer between dialysis fluids, and improved dialysis efficiency without increasing dialysis filter size or blood and dialysis fluid flow rates. In addition, by transporting the blood without using the blood pump, the blood purification apparatus can be further miniaturized and reduced in weight.

1 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 shows a flow control apparatus.

3 to 5 show a dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

6 and 7 illustrate the operation of the dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 shows the dialysis fluid transport apparatus according to the instant embodiment of the present invention, the pressure relief bypass and the balance is installed.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprising a blood pump.

10 is a cross-sectional view of the dialysis filter.

11 is a schematic diagram of a hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention including a one-way valve.

Figure 12 shows the operation of the hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprising a one-way valve.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail with respect to the dialysis fluid transport apparatus and hemodialysis apparatus having the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In describing the present invention, the size or shape of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated or simplified for clarity and convenience of description. In addition, terms that are specifically defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user or operator. These terms should be interpreted as meanings and concepts corresponding to the technical spirit of the present invention based on the contents throughout the specification.

As shown in Figure 1, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a dialysis fluid flowing through the dialysis fluid pipe (31, 32, 33, 34), the supply pump for supplying the dialysis solution to the dialysis filter 20 (35), a recovery pump 36 for discharging the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter, and a flow control device 40 capable of controlling the flow of the dialysate pipe.

The dialysate is prepared by using a pre-formed dialysate bag or by adjusting the electrolyte concentration and pH, such as bicarbonate and sodium, in ultrapure water generated through a water treatment system. The prepared dialysate is supplied to the dialysis filter 20 through the supply pump 35, and the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter is discharged through the recovery pump 36. Therefore, the dialysis fluid pipe is the first dialysis fluid pipe 31, the dialysis fluid is supplied to the supply pump, the second dialysis fluid tube 32, the dialysis fluid of the supply pump is supplied to the dialysis filter, the third dialysis fluid of the dialysis filter is introduced into the recovery pump Dialysis solution tube 33, and the dialysis solution may be composed of a fourth dialysate tube 34 is discharged from the recovery pump. In addition, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a dialysate supply tank 16 for storing the dialysate and a dialysate recovery tank 17 for recovering the used dialysate. That is, the dialysate may be stored in the supply tank and then supplied to the dialysis filter, and the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter may be recovered to a recovery tank. However, in order to suppress the contamination of the dialysate, the dialysate may be supplied directly to the dialysis filter without being stored in the supply tank, and the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter may be immediately disposed without passing through the recovery tank.

In this case, the flow control device 40 may open or block the dialysate flow through the first, second, third and

fourth dialysate tubes

31, 32, 33, and 34. Specifically, the flow control device 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that opening the other two dialysate pipes by blocking any two dialysate pipes of the four dialysate pipes. For example, when the first and

third dialysate tubes

31 and 33 are blocked, the second and

fourth dialysate tubes

32 and 34 are opened, and when the first and third dialysate tubes are opened, the second and fourth dialysate are opened. The tube is cut off.

To this end, the flow control apparatus 40 supports the flow path blocking member 41 capable of linear reciprocating movement, the flow path blocking member driver for driving the flow path blocking member, and the dialysis fluid tube as shown in FIG. The dialysis fluid tube can be opened and closed using the support wall 42. That is, when the flow path blocking member 41 presses the first and

third dialysate pipes

31 and 33 to block the flow path therein, the second and

fourth dialysate pipes

32 and 34 are opened, on the contrary, the flow path blocking member. When 41 blocks the second and fourth dialysate tubes, the first and third dialysate tubes are opened.

The flow path blocking member driver may be one of various structures that can cause linear motion to the flow path blocking member 41. For example, it may include a cam for moving the flow path blocking member toward the dialysate pipe support wall 42 and a motor for rotating the cam. When the flow path blocking member compresses the dialysate pipe by the rotation of the cam, an internal flow path is formed. Is blocked, and when the external force by the cam is removed, the flow path blocking member is spaced apart from the dialysis fluid tube and the dialysis fluid tube is opened while being restored to its original state with its own elastic force. Alternatively, when the eccentric cam connected to the motor rotates to compress the flow tube on one side, the flow path inside the compressed dialysate tube is blocked. As the cam rotates further, the external force of the cam compressing the tube is removed and the tube can be opened while restoring to its original state.

In addition, the flow control device 40, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), the housing 43, the flow port 44 is installed on the outer peripheral surface of the housing, located in the interior of the housing and is hermetically coupled to the inner peripheral surface of the housing and It may be configured to include a rotor 45 for connecting the flow path between the flow port. If the flow path is connected between any two flow ports by the rotation of the rotor 45, the flow path through the unconnected flow port is preferably blocked. By adjusting the rotational speed of the rotor 45, the opening or blocking time of the flow path can be adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the flow control apparatus 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention, two dialysis fluid tubes may be blocked or opened at the same time by the flow path blocking member 41. This is the same principle as the two dialysate tubes are opened and closed simultaneously by the rotor in the flow control device consisting of the housing 43 and the rotor 45. However, the flow control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated shape. In order to more easily control the dialysate flow, the flow control device 40 may be separately installed in the

pipes

31 and 32 through which the dialysate is supplied to the dialysis filter and the

tubes

33 and 34 through which the dialysate is discharged from the dialysis filter. have. As such, the flow control apparatus 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be changed to another structure capable of alternately blocking the first and third dialysis fluid tubes, and the second and fourth dialysis fluid tubes.

The supply pump 35 and the recovery pump 36 may be used in various ways to transfer the dialysate. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the supply pump 35 and the recovery pump 36 are

cylinders

35a and 36a having an inner space, and

pistons

35b and 36b installed inside the cylinder to compress or expand the cylinder. It may be configured to include a piston driver for driving the piston. Piston actuators can be used in a variety of structures that can retract and inflate the cylinders. Here, the supply pump cylinder 35a and the recovery pump cylinder 36a are characterized in that compression and expansion are repeated at the same time. Thus, two cylinders can be compressed or expanded at the same time by one piston and a piston driver.

As above, when the cylinder is expanded-compressed by the piston to transport the dialysate, the cylinder and the piston pressurize the

caps

35c and 36c and the sac made of a flexible material that can contract and relax the internal dialysate. It can be changed to the

pressing member

35d, 36d to discharge. 4 shows a dialysis fluid transfer device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention having a supply pump 35 and a recovery pump 36 composed of a V and V pressure members. The pressing member may pressurize or expand the supply pump 펌 35c and the recovery pump 펌 36c at the same time while linearly moving along the guide rail provided on one side wall. The push member driver can be used in various ways to impart a linear reciprocating motion to the push member.

In addition, the supply pump 35 and the recovery pump 36 according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, the roller (35e, 36e), the roller for transferring the internal dialysate by pressing the dialysate tube It may be configured to include a roller driver for driving the reservoir, and

reservoirs

35f and 36f capable of storing the dialysate. When the dialysate is transferred by the rotation of the roller, the roller driver may use various methods of rotating the roller. Here, the dialysate is not limited to being transported by the rotational movement of the rollers, and the rollers and the roller driver such as the linear movement of the rollers or the sequential compression of the dialysate tubes by the plurality of rollers may transfer the dialysate in various ways. The feed pump and the

recovery pump rollers

35e and 36e rotate or linearly move in the same direction, so that the supply pump and the recovery pump can be operated by the same roller and the roller driver.

The

reservoirs

35f and 36f serve to temporarily store and discharge the dialysate. An example of the reservoir may be a fluid bag made of a flexible material that expands as the dialysis fluid enters and contracts as it exits. Alternatively, the container may be made of a hard material, and when the dialysate is introduced, the pressure inside the reservoir may be increased, and when the dialysate is released, the pressure inside the reservoir may be reduced. That is, the reservoir can be a variety of ways to temporarily store the dialysate.

In addition, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to the present invention further includes a volume chamber 51 connected to the third dialysis fluid tube 33 and storing the dialysate therein as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. It is configured by. In the drawing, the volume chamber is composed of a container having an inner space and a fluid sac capable of contraction and relaxation, so that the fluid bag is expanded when the dialysate flows in and the fluid bag is contracted when the dialysate is released. have. The fluid bag may have a maximum value of capacity that can be accommodated due to the container surrounding the fluid bag. The volume chamber 51 may be changed to another structure capable of temporarily storing or discharging the dialysate without being limited to the illustrated shape, and is not limited to being connected to the third dialysate tube 33, and the second dialysate tube ( 32).

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the operation of the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 6A, when the supply pump cylinder 35a and the recovery pump cylinder 36a are expanded, the flow control device 40 opens the first and third

dialysis fluid tubes

31, 33. The second and fourth

dialysis fluid tubes

32 and 34 are blocked. The dialysis fluid of the supply tank 16 is introduced into the cylinder by the expansion of the supply pump cylinder 35a, and the dialysis fluid of the dialysis filter 20 is introduced into the cylinder by the expansion of the recovery pump cylinder 36a. At this time, the dialysate stored in the volume chamber 51 may flow into the recovery pump cylinder 36a together. In this way, when the dialysate of the dialysis filter flows into the recovery pump cylinder, the dialysis fluid 32 is blocked, so that the dialysate pressure of the dialysis filter is lower than the blood pressure, and water and waste in the blood move to the dialysate area. Filtration occurs.

On the contrary, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), when the supply pump cylinder and the recovery pump cylinder are compressed, the flow control device 40 blocks the first and third

dialysis fluid tubes

31 and 33, and the second and The fourth

dialysis fluid tubes

32 and 34 are open. The dialysis fluid in the cylinder is discharged or discarded to the recovery tank 17 by compression of the recovery pump cylinder 36a, and the dialysis fluid in the cylinder is supplied to the dialysis filter 20 by compression of the supply pump cylinder 35a. At this time, a portion of the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter may be stored in the volume chamber 51. When the dialysate is supplied to the dialysis filter, the third dialysate tube 33 is blocked, so that the dialysate pressure of the dialysate filter is higher than the blood pressure and backfiltration occurs in which water in the dialysate moves to the blood region. The black dialysate tube in the figure means that there is flow through the tube.

That is, when the

cylinders

35a and 36a are expanded, the TMP of the dialysis filter 20 has a positive value and filtration occurs.When the cylinder is compressed, the TMP has a negative value and reverse filtration occurs. do. TMP is defined as the difference between the blood pressure through the dialysis filter and the dialysate pressure. As such, one cycle of expansion-compression of the feed pump 35 and the recovery pump 36 constitutes one cycle of filtration-filtration, and the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 according to one embodiment of the present invention is filtered- The cycle of back filtration is repeated. Water and wastes are removed during filtration and replenished with water lost during back filtration.

In FIG. 7, the operation of the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which consists of

rollers

35e and 36e and

reservoirs

35f and 36f, is illustrated. As shown in Fig. 7 (a), when the supply pump roller 35e and the recovery pump roller 36e rotate in one direction (clockwise), the flow control device 40 includes the first and third dialysis liquid tubes ( 31 and 33 are opened, and the second and fourth

dialysis fluid tubes

32 and 34 are blocked. The dialysate flows into the supply pump reservoir 35f by the feed pump roller, and the dialysate of the dialysate filter flows into the recovery pump reservoir 36f by the recovery pump roller. At this time, the dialysate of the volume chamber 51 may flow into the recovery pump reservoir together. When the dialysate of the dialysate filter flows into the recovery pump reservoir 36f, the dialysate pressure of the dialysate filter is lowered than the blood pressure because the second dialysate tube 32 is blocked, and water and wastes in the blood are transferred to the dialysate area. Moving filtration occurs.

Conversely, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), when the supply pump roller 35e and the recovery pump roller 36e rotate in the reverse direction (counterclockwise), the flow control device 40 causes the first and third dialysis liquids. The

tubes

31 and 33 are blocked and the second and

fourth dialysate tubes

32 and 34 are open. The dialysis liquid inside the recovery pump reservoir 36f is discharged by the recovery pump roller, and the dialysis liquid of the supply pump reservoir 35f is supplied to the dialysis filter 20 by the supply pump roller. At this time, a portion of the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter may be stored in the volume chamber 51. When the dialysate of the supply pump reservoir 35f is supplied to the dialysis filter, the third dialysate tube 33 is blocked, so that the dialysate pressure of the dialysis filter is higher than the blood pressure and the water in the dialysate moves to the blood region. Occurs.

As such, when the

rollers

35e and 36e rotate in one direction, the TMP of the dialysis filter 20 has a positive value and filtration occurs. When the roller rotates in the reverse direction, the TMP produces a negative value. And reverse filtration occurs. That is, one cycle of rotation-reverse rotation of the feed pump 35 and the recovery pump 36 roller constitutes one cycle of filtration-filtration.

Here, the filtration amount QUF, ml / stroke and the back filtration amount QBF, ml / stroke can be calculated. The

dialysis fluid tubes

32 and 33 do not contract or expand in spite of the pressure change therein and can be regarded as having a fixed volume. Assuming that the compression-expansion volume of the recovery pump cylinder 36a is Ve, the compression-expansion volume of the supply pump cylinder 35a is Vd, and the receiving volume of the volume chamber 51 is Vc, QUF and QBF are expressed as follows. Can be calculated as

QUF = Ve-Vc, QBF = Vd-Vc ..... (1)

Here, Vd and Ve refers to the compression-expansion volume of 경우 when composed of 쌕 and 쌕 pressing member, and means the volume stored-released in the reservoir by the roller when composed of roller and reservoir.

In addition, the number of compression-expansion (cycle / min) per minute of the feed pump and the recovery pump cylinder, or the rotation-reverse rotation of the feed pump and the recovery pump roller, is preferably adjusted according to the prescription of the dialysate flow rate required for hemodialysis treatment. Do. For example, in hemodialysis treatment, if the patient's blood flow rate is 250 ml / min, the dialysate flow rate is 600 ml / min, and the compression-expansion volume (Vd, Ve) of the supply pump and recovery pump cylinder is 20 ml, then the supply pump and the recovery pump Requires 30 compression-expansion per minute. As can be seen in equation (1), the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention adjusts the filtration amount QUF and the back filtration amount QBF by the receiving volume Vc of the volume chamber 51. Can be.

Here, compression-expansion of the

cylinders

35a, 36a by the

pistons

35b, 36b, compression-expansion of the

fins

35c, 36c by the

shock pressing members

35d, 36d, and the

rollers

35e, 35f. The dialysate transfer by rotation-reverse rotation all achieves dialysate pressure regulation and filtration-filtration by the same principle. Therefore, the following mainly describes the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 composed of a cylinder and a piston, which can be equally applicable to the dialysis fluid transfer device composed of a pressurization member and a pressurization member and a dialysis fluid transfer apparatus composed of a roller and a reservoir.

As described above, the dialysate pressure decreases when the

cylinders

35a and 36a are expanded, and the dialysate pressure rises when the cylinder is compressed. As such, when the dialysate pressure is changed, the dialysate delivery device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention connects the third dialysate tube 33 and the fourth dialysate tube 34 so that the dialysate pressure does not deviate from the allowed range. It may be configured to further include a pressure relief bypass (52). Figure 8 (a) shows the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure relief bypass is installed. Since the fourth dialysis fluid pipe 34 is connected to the recovery tank 17, one end of the pressure relief bypass 52 may be directly connected to the recovery tank 17.

When the pressure of the third dialysis fluid pipe 33, that is, the dialysis fluid pressure of the dialysis filter 20 is higher than the allowable value, the dialysis fluid of the dialysis filter is discharged to the recovery tank 17 through the pressure relief bypass 52, and conversely, If the dialysate pressure is lower than the allowable value, the dialysate of the recovery tank is replenished with the dialysis filter via the pressure relief bypass 52. 8 (b) shows an example of the pressure relief bypass. In normal operation, the pressure relief bypass is blocked by the compression of the spring, but when the pressure P1 of the third dialysate pipe 33 exceeds the allowable force and exceeds the compression force of the spring, the spring moves upward and the bypass is opened. Can be. Here, the pressure relief bypass 52 is not limited to being opened and closed by the pressure of the third dialysis liquid tube. The pressure relief bypass may be opened or closed by the pressure of the second dialysis fluid pipe 32, the pressure difference P1-P2 at both ends connected by the pressure relief bypass, or the TMP value of the dialysis filter.

The pressure value capable of opening and closing the pressure relief bypass 52 does not have a predetermined value, and is preferably set differently according to the dialysis filter membrane used. Conventional dialysis filter membranes have a positive and negative tolerance of TMP. The TMP tolerance depends on the type of membrane, but its absolute value is approximately 300 to 2500 mmHg. When the pressure of the third dialysate tube is lowered (approximately -300 to 2,500 mmHg), the dialysate of the recovery tank flows into the third dialysate tube via a pressure relief bypass, and on the contrary, when the pressure of the third dialysate tube is increased ( Pressure between approximately 300-2500 mmHg) The dialysate of the third dialysate tube can be removed to the recovery tank 17 via a pressure relief bypass 52. In this way, by installing a pressure relief bypass, the dialysate pressure passing through the dialysis filter can be adjusted to always be within the permitted range. The pressure relief bypass 52 is not limited to connecting the third dialysate pipe 33 and the fourth dialysate pipe 34, and may be changed to connect the second dialysate pipe 32 and the first dialysate pipe 31. The operation manner is the same as that of the pressure relief bypass shown in Fig. 8 (a).

In addition, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a means for measuring the amount of the dialysate supplied to the dialysis filter and the amount of dialysate recovered from the dialysis filter. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the amount of the dialysate supplied from the supply tank 16 and the dialysate recovered to the recovery tank 17 during the dialysis using the supply tank and the recovery tank balance 53. The amount of can be measured. It is important to remove excess water during dialysis because patients with renal failure are not willing to excrete it in vitro. The amount of dialysate supplied and the amount of dialysate recovered can be used to determine the amount of pure water removed from the patient. The means for measuring the amount of supplied dialysate and the amount of recovered dialysate is not limited to the balance 53 shown. For example, the amount of water removed from the blood may be measured through a flowmeter installed in the

pipes

31 and 32 through which the dialysate is supplied and a flowmeter installed in the

pipes

33 and 34 through which the dialysate is collected. . Alternatively, in the case of the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 composed of a roller and a reservoir, the amount of the dialysate supplied and the amount of recovered dialysate can be measured by measuring the weight of the

reservoirs

35f and 36f or the pressure inside the reservoir. .

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described for the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 9, the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is the dialysis fluid transfer device 30, the dialysis filter 20, the dialysis filter 20 to move the material between the blood and the dialysate and the dialysis filter It may be configured to include a blood tube 11 for connecting the patient, blood pump 12 is installed in the blood tube to transfer the blood. In the figure, the blood pump shows a roller pump for transferring blood inside by compressing a blood tube 11. However, the blood pump is not limited to the roller pump and can be changed in various ways to transfer the blood.

In addition, the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on the auxiliary dialysis fluid pipe 14, the auxiliary dialysis fluid pipe connecting the third dialysis fluid pipe 33 and the fourth dialysis fluid pipe 34, the dialysis filter It may further comprise an auxiliary dialysate pump 15 to further remove the dialysate from. When the dialysis fluid flows by the action of the supply pump 35 and the recovery pump 36, water (dialysis solution) can be further removed from the dialysis filter by the action of the auxiliary dialysis fluid pump.

The dialysis filter 20 includes a dialysis filter container 21 having an inner space and a dialysis membrane 22 accommodated in the inner space of the container, as shown in FIG. 10, wherein the inner space of the container is flowed by the dialysis membrane. Zone and dialysis fluid flow zone. Blood inlets 23 and blood outlets 24 are provided at one end and the other end of the dialysis filter container, and a dialysis fluid inlet 25 and a dialysis fluid outlet 26 are provided at upper and lower outer peripheral surfaces of the container. 10 illustrates a hollow fiber membrane filter having a dialysis membrane in the form of hollow-fiber. However, the dialysis filter according to an embodiment of the present invention may be composed of another type of membrane such as a flat membrane.

In this case, the aforementioned intermembrane pressure (TMP) may be defined as the difference between the average value of the blood hydrostatic pressure passing through the blood inlets and

outlets

23 and 24 and the average value of the dialysis fluid hydrostatic pressure passing through the dialysate inlet and

outlet

25 and 26. TMP can be calculated by other methods, including blood osmotic pressure in addition to blood and dialysate hydrostatic pressure, or calculated using any one of the blood inlet and outlet hydrostatic pressures and any of the dialysis fluid inlet and outlet hydrostatic pressures. have.

Hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited to that shown in Figure 9, as shown in Figure 11, a one-way valve installed in the blood tube instead of the blood pump to flow the blood in one direction It can be configured to include (13). The blood tube 11 may include a first blood tube 11a through which blood is supplied to the dialysis filter and a second blood tube 11b through which blood from the dialysis filter is returned to the patient.

FIG. 12 shows the operation of the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention having a one-way valve 13 and a dialysis fluid transfer apparatus 30. The operation of the dialysis fluid transfer device 30 is as described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. As shown in Fig. 12 (a), when the supply pump cylinder 35a and the recovery pump cylinder 36a are expanded, the dialysis fluid pressure of the dialysis filter is lower than the blood pressure, and water and waste in the blood are dialysate region. Filtration takes place. Due to the occurrence of filtration, the blood of the patient is supplied to the dialysis filter, and the blood of the patient is supplied to the dialysis filter through the first blood tube 11a by the one-way valve 13 installed in the blood tube. On the contrary, as shown in Fig. 12 (b), when the cylinder is compressed, the dialysis fluid pressure of the dialysis filter is higher than the blood pressure and reverse filtration occurs in which water in the dialysis fluid moves to the blood region. Due to the occurrence of reverse filtration, the blood of the dialysis filter is returned to the patient. The blood of the dialysis filter may be returned to the patient through the second blood tube 11b by the one-way valve 13 installed in the blood tube.

Likewise, in the hemodialysis apparatus 10 having the dialysis fluid delivery device 30 composed of the vibrating pressurizing member or the roller and the reservoir, the supply and return of blood through the

blood tubes

11a and 11b during filtration-refiltration are Same as described in FIG.

As such, the dialysis fluid transport apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a flow control device 40 that can open and close the dialysis fluid flow, the

cylinders

35a, 36a and the

pistons

35b, 36b, 쌕 (35c, The dialysis fluid pressure in the dialysis filter is controlled by using a dialysis fluid supply pump 35 and a recovery pump 36 composed of 36c) and a

pressing member

35d and 36d, or

rollers

35e and 36e and

reservoirs

35f and 36f. Can change quickly. This can increase water exchange and mass exchange between blood and dialysate in the dialysis filter during dialysis, and improve hemodialysis efficiency without increasing the size of the dialysis filter or the blood and dialysate flow rate. In addition, the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it can transfer blood despite not using a blood pump. Therefore, the whole hemodialysis apparatus can be further miniaturized and lightened, and ultimately, a portable hemodialysis apparatus can be provided.

The embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical spirit of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the details described in the claims. Those skilled in the art can improve or change the technical spirit of the present invention in various forms, and such improvements and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

In the dialysate feed device for supplying and discharging the dialysate,

A supply pump for supplying a dialysate to a dialysis filter;

A recovery pump for discharging the dialysis fluid of the dialysis filter;

It is connected to the supply pump and connects the first dialysis fluid pipe, the supply pump and the dialysis filter supplied with the dialysis fluid to the supply pump, the second dialysis fluid pipe, the dialysis filter and the recovery pump supplied with the dialysis fluid of the supply pump to the dialysis filter, and the dialysis filter And a flow control device connected to the third dialysate tube through which the dialysate is discharged to the recovery pump, and a dialysate flow through the fourth dialysate tube through which the dialysate of the recovery pump is discharged.
The method of claim 1,

Supply and recovery pumps,

A cylinder having an inner space;

A piston installed inside the cylinder so as to reciprocate; And

Is configured to include; a piston driver for driving the piston

The feed pump cylinder and the recovery pump cylinder is a dialysis fluid transport apparatus, characterized in that the compression and expansion are repeated at the same time.
The method of claim 3, wherein

And means for measuring the amount of dialysate supplied to the dialysate filter and the amount of dialysate recovered from the dialysate filter.
The method of claim 3, wherein

A third dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the recovery pump and a fourth dialysis fluid pipe through which the dialysis fluid of the recovery pump is discharged, or

And a pressure relief bypass connecting a second dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the supply pump and a first dialysis fluid pipe supplied with the dialysis fluid to the supply pump.
The method of claim 1,

Supply and recovery pumps,

쌕 made of a flexible material that can shrink and relax;

A pressing member for pressurizing the tube to discharge the dialysate in the tube; And

It includes; a pressing member driver for providing a linear reciprocating force to the tube pressing member,

Feed pump tube and recovery pump tube is a dialysis fluid transport apparatus, characterized in that the compression and expansion are repeated at the same time.
The method of claim 5,

And means for measuring the amount of dialysate supplied to the dialysate filter and the amount of dialysate recovered from the dialysate filter.
The method of claim 6,

A third dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the recovery pump and a fourth dialysis fluid pipe through which the dialysis fluid of the recovery pump is discharged, or

And a pressure relief bypass connecting a second dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the supply pump and a first dialysis fluid pipe supplied with the dialysis fluid to the supply pump.
The method of claim 1,

Supply and recovery pumps,

A reservoir capable of storing the dialysate;

A roller for transferring the dialysate inside by pressing the dialysate pipe; And

And a roller driver for driving the roller.

The dialysis fluid transport apparatus, characterized in that the feed pump roller and the recovery pump roller rotates in the same direction.
The method of claim 8,

And means for measuring the amount of dialysate supplied to the dialysate filter and the amount of dialysate recovered from the dialysate filter.
The method of claim 9,

A third dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the recovery pump and a fourth dialysis fluid pipe through which the dialysis fluid of the recovery pump is discharged, or

And a pressure relief bypass connecting a second dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the supply pump and a first dialysis fluid pipe supplied with the dialysis fluid to the supply pump.
The method according to any one of claims 4, 7, and 10,

Pressure relief bypass,

Pressure difference between the both ends of pipe connected by pressure relief bypass,

Pressure of the third dialysate tube,

Pressure in the second dialysate tube, or

Dialysis fluid transfer device characterized in that the opening and closing by the TMP value of the dialysis filter.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

And a volume chamber connected to a third dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the recovery pump, or a second dialysis fluid pipe connecting the dialysis filter and the supply pump to store the dialysis fluid.
The method of claim 12,

The flow control device,

Flow path blocking member;

A support wall supporting the dialysis fluid tube pressurized by the flow path blocking member; And

Dialysis fluid transport apparatus comprising a; flow path blocking member driver for driving the flow path blocking member.
The method of claim 12,

The flow control device,

housing;

A flow port installed on an outer circumferential surface of the housing;

A rotor positioned inside the housing and capable of connecting a flow path between the flow ports; And

And a rotor driver for driving the rotor.
A dialysis filter for exchanging material between blood and dialysis fluid;

A blood tube that connects the dialysis filter to the patient and flows blood;

A blood pump installed in a blood tube and transferring blood; And

Hemodialysis apparatus comprising a; the dialysis solution transport apparatus for supplying the dialysate to the dialysis filter and to discharge the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter.
A dialysis filter for exchanging material between blood and dialysis fluid;

A blood tube that connects the dialysis filter to the patient and flows blood;

A one-way valve installed in the blood tube and allowing blood to flow in one direction; And

Hemodialysis apparatus comprising a; the dialysis solution transport apparatus for supplying the dialysate to the dialysis filter and to discharge the dialysate passed through the dialysis filter.
The method according to claim 15 or 16,

The flow control device,

Flow path blocking member;

A support wall supporting the dialysis fluid tube pressurized by the flow path blocking member; And

And a flow path blocking member driver for driving the flow path blocking member.
The method according to claim 15 or 16,

The flow control device,

housing;

A flow port installed on an outer circumferential surface of the housing;

A rotor positioned inside the housing and capable of connecting a flow path between the flow ports; And

Hemodialysis apparatus comprising a; a rotor driver for driving the rotor.
The method according to claim 15 or 16,

An auxiliary dialysis liquid tube connecting a third dialysis liquid tube connecting the dialysis filter and the recovery pump and a fourth dialysis liquid tube through which the dialysis liquid of the recovery pump is discharged;

A hemodialysis apparatus further comprising; an auxiliary dialysis fluid pump installed in the auxiliary dialysis fluid pipe to discharge the dialysis fluid.