CN116519922B - Blood water content detection device in hemodialysis process - Google Patents
Blood water content detection device in hemodialysis process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116519922B CN116519922B CN202310814979.5A CN202310814979A CN116519922B CN 116519922 B CN116519922 B CN 116519922B CN 202310814979 A CN202310814979 A CN 202310814979A CN 116519922 B CN116519922 B CN 116519922B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/49—Blood
- G01N33/4915—Blood using flow cells
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Abstract
The application discloses a blood water content detection device in a hemodialysis process, which relates to the technical field of detection devices and comprises a shell, wherein the shell is internally divided into a blood containing cavity and a water containing cavity by a first partition board which is vertically arranged, an opening is formed in the lower part of the partition board, and a semipermeable membrane is fixedly covered on the opening; the shell is fixedly provided with a control module, a blood injection port, a water injection port, an air valve and a guide cylinder I; the blood injection port and the air valve are communicated with the blood containing cavity; the water filling port and the first guide cylinder are fixedly communicated with the top of the water containing cavity; the upper end of the first cylinder wall of the guide cylinder is provided with a pressure stabilizing hole, the bottom of the guide cylinder penetrates through the top of the shell, the part of the cylinder wall of the guide cylinder, which is positioned in the water containing cavity, is provided with a water through groove, and the top of the guide cylinder is fixedly provided with a laser emitter; the water channel is a vertical long strip-shaped through channel, and the pressure stabilizing hole is a through hole; a floating block I is arranged in the guide cylinder I; the method has the advantages that errors caused by a mechanical structure can be reduced, most distilled water is enabled to act in detection, the data fault tolerance rate is enhanced, and the technical effect of collaborative detection in various modes is achieved through capacity comparison.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of detection devices, in particular to a device for detecting the water content of blood in a hemodialysis process.
Background
In intermittent hemodialysis (IntermittentHemodialysis, IHD), blood is drawn and treated, typically in multiple times during a single dialysis session. In this process, blood withdrawal and reinfusion are alternated to effect a hemodialysis cycle. Typically, during an IHD dialysis procedure, blood draws and infusions are performed multiple times for several hours. This multiple blood withdrawal and reinfusion helps to ensure the effects of blood circulation and waste removal during dialysis; in hemodialysis, it is often necessary to replenish the patient's blood with water. This is because ultrafiltration (removal of excess fluid) during dialysis may result in excessive dehydration of the patient's body fluid. It is therefore necessary to detect the water content of the blood after each withdrawal of blood, so that the doctor can make adjustments in time.
The patent in China with the publication number of CN106932561B discloses an automatic water detection device in a hemodialysis instrument, which comprises a transparent shell and a transparent conduit, wherein the inside of the transparent shell is divided into a first accommodating cavity and a second accommodating cavity by a partition plate, a semipermeable membrane is arranged on a mounting hole at the lower part of the partition plate, an accommodating box is fixed at the upper part of the rear side surface of the transparent shell, an upper cover is fixed at the upper end of the transparent shell, a storage battery, a display screen, a control switch and a singlechip are sequentially arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the upper cover from front to back, the semipermeable membrane only allows water to pass through, the water moves from the second accommodating cavity to the first accommodating cavity through the semipermeable membrane, the liquid column of the transparent conduit descends, and a floating ball descends along with the liquid level, and the singlechip compares a speed curve of the floating ball moving with different blood concentrations stored in a memory of the singlechip with a floating ball moving speed curve.
However, in the device, the motor is used for controlling the photoelectric sensor to move up and down, so that the moving speed of the floating ball is detected, the time delay is high, the speed of the floating ball is detected from one side through the photoelectric sensor after the motor is controlled in real time, the accuracy is low, and the structure is redundant; most of liquid is concentrated in the accommodating cavity, so that the obtained floating ball speed curve is short, the fault tolerance rate after being compared with data in the singlechip is low, and most of distilled water in the accommodating cavity is in an idle state, so that unnecessary waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application solves the technical problems of low accuracy, structural redundancy and low acquired data fault tolerance of the detection device in the prior art by controlling the photoelectric sensor to detect the speed from the side surface through the motor by providing the blood water content detection device in the hemodialysis process, realizes the technical effects of reducing errors caused by a mechanical structure, enabling most of distilled water to act in the detection, enhancing the data fault tolerance, and achieving the collaborative detection in a plurality of modes through capacity comparison.
The embodiment of the application provides a blood water content detection device in a hemodialysis process, which comprises a shell, wherein the shell is internally divided into a blood containing cavity for containing blood and a distilled water containing cavity by a vertically arranged partition board I, an opening is formed in the lower part of the partition board, and a semipermeable membrane is fixedly covered on the opening;
the shell is fixedly provided with a control module, a blood injection port, a water injection port, an air valve and a guide cylinder I;
the blood injection port and the air valve are communicated with the blood containing cavity;
the water filling port and the first guide cylinder are fixedly communicated with the top of the water containing cavity;
the first guide cylinder is vertically arranged and is provided with a transparent hollow cylinder with scale marks, the upper end of the cylinder wall is provided with a pressure stabilizing hole, the bottom of the guide cylinder penetrates through the top of the shell and is communicated into the water containing cavity, the part of the cylinder wall positioned in the water containing cavity is provided with a water through groove, and the top of the guide cylinder is fixedly provided with a laser transmitter which is connected with the control module through a signal and the transmitting end of which is vertically downward and is coaxial with the first guide cylinder;
the water channel is a vertical long strip-shaped through channel, and the pressure stabilizing hole is a through hole;
the guide cylinder I is internally provided with a cylinder floating block I with a side face attached to the cylinder wall and a hollow inside, and the top of the cylinder floating block I is fixedly provided with a laser receiver.
Preferably, a retainer ring coaxially fixed on the inner wall of the guide cylinder is arranged below the pressure stabilizing hole, and is in a ring shape and used for preventing the floating block I from floating upwards to the pressure stabilizing hole, and the lower end surface of the retainer ring is contacted with the upper end surface of the floating block I, so that water flow can be prevented from overflowing upwards;
the air valve is fixed at the top of the blood accommodating cavity;
the volume of the blood containing cavity is 60 ml to 120 ml;
the volume of the water containing cavity is smaller than that of the blood containing cavity, and the water containing cavity is used for enabling the semipermeable membrane area between the first guide cylinder and the blood containing cavity not to be limited by the pipe diameter of the guide cylinder, so that relatively high permeation efficiency is ensured;
the volume of the guide cylinder I is larger than or equal to that of the water containing cavity, and the height of the guide cylinder I is 12 cm to 14 cm;
the sum of the volumes of the first guide cylinder and the water containing cavity is larger than the volume of the blood containing cavity, so that the osmotic pressure in the water containing cavity relative to the blood containing cavity in the detection process is not smaller than the liquid pressure in the blood containing cavity;
the floating block is characterized in that one side surface of the floating block is a curved surface with a semicircular and convex section, the curved surface is used for enabling the first floating block to be in contact with the wall of the first guide cylinder more smoothly, a counterweight body is fixed at the center of the bottom of the first floating block, the counterweight body is a semicircular solid block, the weight of the counterweight body is smaller than the buoyancy of the first floating block, and the floating block is used for enabling movement of the first floating block in the vertical direction to be more stable.
Preferably, a rectangular groove with an opening vertically downward and equal width to the semipermeable membrane is formed in the first baffle plate; a lifting plate is connected in the rectangular groove in a sliding manner;
the lifter plate is the rectangular plate, and its length and width equals with the semipermeable membrane, rectangular plate top fixedly connected with lifter, the lifter is electric putter, the lifter vertically runs through in rectangular groove top to it drives the lifter plate in the rectangular inslot through the motor control at casing top on vertical direction and slides, when the lifter plate slides to the casing in the bottom, can seal the semipermeable membrane, makes the appearance blood chamber and hold distilled water between the water chamber and take place not to permeate, thereby prevents when not filling up blood and distilled water, just produces the infiltration through the semipermeable membrane.
Preferably, the top of the shell is also fixed with a second guide cylinder which is transparent and is provided with scale marks, a second partition board is fixed in the water containing cavity, and a third partition board is fixed in the blood containing cavity.
Preferably, the second partition board is a rectangular plate and is vertically fixed in the water containing cavity and is perpendicular to the semi-permeable membrane, the second partition board divides the water containing cavity into two independent spaces with the same volume, and the semi-permeable membrane is divided into two parts which correspond to the two water containing cavities respectively;
the third partition plate is a rectangular plate, the third partition plate and the second partition plate are positioned on the same plane, the blood containing cavity is divided into two independent spaces with the same volume, and the two blood containing cavities are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two water containing cavities;
the two blood injection ports and the two water injection ports are in one-to-one correspondence with the blood containing cavities, and the two water injection ports are in one-to-one correspondence with the water containing cavities;
the two air valves are respectively and correspondingly communicated with the tops of the two blood accommodating cavities;
the lifting plate, the rectangular groove and the lifting rod are combined in two, and correspond to the two semi-permeable membranes respectively.
Preferably, the second guide cylinder has the same structure as the first guide cylinder, the second guide cylinder vertically penetrates through the top of the water containing cavity, and the first guide cylinder respectively correspond to one water containing cavity;
the top of the second guide cylinder is coaxially fixed with a laser emitter, and a retainer ring, a pressure stabilizing hole and a second floating block which are matched with the guide cylinder in size and similar in layout are fixed in the guide cylinder; the floating block II has the same structure as the floating block I, a laser receiver is fixed in the center of the top of the floating block II, and a counterweight body is fixed at the bottom of the floating block II;
the diameter of the second guide cylinder is larger than that of the first guide cylinder, the height of the second guide cylinder is smaller than that of the first guide cylinder, and the second guide cylinder and the first guide cylinder are located below the check ring and have equal volumes.
Preferably, two liquid squeezing bags are respectively arranged in the two water containing cavities.
Preferably, the squeeze liquid bag is fixed in the water containing cavity, is a semicircular elastic bag body with one end open, one end of the opening of the semicircular elastic bag body faces towards and is hermetically fixed on the inner wall of the shell, a closed cavity is formed by enclosing the semicircular elastic bag body and the inner wall of the shell, an air pump is fixed outside the shell, the air pump is an electric air pump connected with the control module through signals, and the air pump is multiple and is respectively correspondingly communicated in the cavity inside the squeeze liquid bag and used for inflating and deflating the cavity inside the squeeze liquid bag, so that the squeeze liquid bag is controlled to change the pressure inside the water containing cavity.
Preferably, a pressure stabilizing bag is respectively arranged in the two blood accommodating cavities.
Preferably, the blood injection port is fixed at the lower end of the side wall of the shell and is communicated with the interior of the blood containing cavity, so that blood is filled from the bottom of the blood containing cavity inwards;
the pressure stabilizing bag is fixed at the top of the blood containing cavity, the pressure stabilizing bag is an elastic bag body, gas is filled in the pressure stabilizing bag, the top of the pressure stabilizing bag is opened, the edge of the top opening is fixedly connected with the edge of the top of the blood containing cavity, namely a closed cavity is formed by enclosing the pressure stabilizing bag and the top of the blood containing cavity; the bottom of the pressure stabilizing bag is tightly attached to the blood, and no air exists between the pressure stabilizing bag and the blood;
the two air valves are electromagnetic valves connected with the control module in a signal way, the top ends of the two air valves are respectively communicated with an air pump, and the air pump can be used for inflating and deflating the cavity in the pressure stabilizing bag, so that the air pressure in the blood accommodating cavity can be actively regulated;
before the blood is filled, the pressure stabilizing bag expands to fill the blood containing cavity, gas in the blood containing cavity is emptied, when the blood is filled, the lifting plate falls, the semipermeable membrane is in a closed state, the pressure stabilizing bag synchronously contracts along with the increase of the blood volume, and after the blood is filled into the required blood volume, the air valve is communicated with an external space, so that the air pressure inside and outside the blood containing cavity is stable, the permeation effect of the semipermeable membrane is not influenced, and when the blood containing cavity and the water containing cavity are filled into the required liquid volume, the lifting plate is opened upwards;
when the internal pressure of the blood-containing cavity needs to be regulated, the air valve is communicated with the air pump and is sealed with the external space, and the internal pressure of the blood-containing cavity is regulated and controlled by the air pump.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the speed detection is carried out through the laser emitter arranged at the top of the guide cylinder, the guide cylinder is matched with a larger stroke, most distilled water is concentrated in the guide cylinder, the permeation efficiency is improved by utilizing the potential energy of the water, the data comparison table formed in the control module after multiple tests is utilized, the relation between the speed curve of the floating block and the water content of blood is compared under the condition that the external pressure changes at uniform speed, the technical problems that the detection device in the prior art carries out the speed detection from the side face through the motor control photoelectric sensor, the accuracy is low, the structure is redundant and the acquired data fault tolerance rate is low are solved, the error brought by a mechanical structure can be reduced, meanwhile, most distilled water is enabled to act in the detection, the data fault tolerance rate is enhanced, and the technical effect of the collaborative detection in multiple modes is achieved through capacity comparison.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an apparatus for detecting the water content of blood in a hemodialysis process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a front surface of a blood water content detecting device in the hemodialysis process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a water-containing chamber side of a blood water content detecting device in a hemodialysis process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a second front surface of the apparatus for detecting the water content of blood in the hemodialysis process according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a second water-containing chamber side of the apparatus for detecting the water content of blood in a hemodialysis process according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an internal structure of a second blood-accommodating chamber side of the apparatus for detecting a water content of blood in a hemodialysis process according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a third water-containing chamber side of the apparatus for detecting the water content of blood in the hemodialysis process of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the expansion of a three-chamber side squeeze sac of an embodiment of a blood water content testing device during hemodialysis of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of a three-sided pressure stabilizing bag and a squeeze bag of a blood water content detecting device in the hemodialysis process according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure:
100. a housing; 110. a first partition board; 120. a blood-holding cavity; 130. a water containing cavity; 140. a semipermeable membrane; 150. a control module; 160. a blood injection port; 170. a water filling port; 180. an air valve; 200. a guide cylinder I; 210. a floating block I; 211. a laser receiver; 212. a counterweight body; 220. a laser emitter; 230. a pressure stabilizing hole; 240. a retainer ring; 250. a water passage groove; 300. a lifting plate; 310. a lifting rod; 400. a second guide cylinder; 410. a second partition board; 420. a third partition board; 430. a floating block II; 500. a liquid squeezing bag; 600. a pressure stabilizing bag; 700. blood; 800. distilled water; 900. an air pump.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings; the preferred embodiments of the present application are illustrated in the drawings, however, the present application may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It should be noted that the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, an overall structure diagram of an embodiment of a device for detecting moisture content of blood in a hemodialysis procedure of the present application includes a housing 100, wherein a blood chamber 120 for containing blood 700 and a water chamber 130 for containing distilled water 800 are partitioned by a first partition 110 arranged vertically in the housing 100, an opening is formed at a lower portion of the first partition 110, and a semipermeable membrane 140 is fixed over the opening; the shell 100 is externally fixed with the control module 150, the blood injection port 160, the water injection port 170, the air valve 180 and the first guide cylinder 200, speed detection is carried out through the laser transmitter 220 arranged at the top of the first guide cylinder 200, a large stroke of the guide cylinder is matched, most of distilled water 800 is concentrated in the guide cylinder, the permeation efficiency is improved by utilizing potential energy of water, a data comparison table formed in the control module 150 after multiple tests is utilized, the relation between a speed curve of a floating block and the water content of blood 700 is compared under the condition that external pressure uniformly changes, the technical problems that a detection device in the prior art carries out speed detection by controlling a photoelectric sensor through a motor from the side surface are solved, the accuracy is low, the structure redundancy is low, and the acquired data fault tolerance rate is low are solved, errors caused by a mechanical structure can be reduced, meanwhile, most of distilled water 800 is enabled to act in detection, the data fault tolerance rate is enhanced, and the technical effect of collaborative detection in multiple modes is achieved through capacity comparison.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the blood water content detection device in hemodialysis comprises a shell 100 formed by fixedly splicing two cuboids in the horizontal direction, wherein the two cuboids of the shell 100 are separated by a first partition plate 110 which is vertically arranged to form two cavities respectively, the two cavities are a blood containing cavity 120 for containing blood 700 and a water containing cavity 130 for containing distilled water 800 respectively, an opening is formed in the lower part of the first partition plate 110, a semipermeable membrane 140 is fixedly covered on the opening, and the semipermeable membrane 140 only filters selectively permeable membranes of water molecules;
the shell 100 is externally fixed with a control module 150, a blood injection port 160, a water injection port 170, an air valve 180 and a guide cylinder I200;
the control module 150 is provided with a display and a processor, and can be externally connected with more peripheral devices to meet the requirements of the detection device, and the display and information processing functions in the control module 150 are not described in detail because they are in the prior art.
The blood filling port 160 is communicated with the blood containing cavity 120 through a gas valve 180, and the gas valve 180 is fixed at the top of the blood containing cavity 120;
the water injection port 170 and the first guide cylinder 200 are fixedly communicated with the top of the water containing cavity 130;
the first guide cylinder 200 is a transparent hollow cylinder with graduation marks, the liquid quantity can be directly read out through the graduation marks, the bottom of the first guide cylinder penetrates through the top of the shell 100 and is communicated into the water containing cavity 130, a water through groove 250 is formed in the part, located in the water containing cavity 130, of the cylinder wall of the first guide cylinder 200, and the water through groove 250 is a vertical long-strip-shaped water through groove;
the top of the first guide cylinder 200 is fixedly provided with a laser transmitter 220 which is connected with the control module 150 through signals, the transmitting end of the laser transmitter 220 is vertically downward and is coaxially arranged with the first guide cylinder 200, the first guide cylinder 200 is internally provided with a first floating block 210, the first floating block 210 is a hollow cylinder, the side surface of the first floating block 210 is attached to the inner side wall of the first guide cylinder 200, and the center of the top of the first floating block is fixedly provided with a laser receiver 211;
the upper end of the wall of the first guide cylinder 200 is provided with a pressure stabilizing hole 230, and the pressure stabilizing hole 230 is a through hole.
A retainer ring 240 coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the first guide cylinder 200 is arranged below the pressure stabilizing hole 230, and the retainer ring 240 is in a circular ring shape and is used for preventing the first floating block 210 from floating up to the pressure stabilizing hole 230, and the lower end surface of the retainer ring contacts with the upper end surface of the first floating block 210 to prevent water flow from overflowing upwards; meanwhile, the hole in the middle of the ring shape of the retainer ring 240 can balance the air pressure above the first floating block 210 with the external atmospheric pressure through the pressure stabilizing hole 230, so that the first floating block 210 stably slides;
in intermittent hemodialysis 700, the amount of blood drawn per session can vary depending on the patient's condition and treatment plan. Typically, the amount of blood drawn per draw is between 300 ml and 500 ml. Because the detection device has a small amount of change to the water content in the sampled blood 700, but at the same time, in order to maintain a sufficient sample size, a proper volume needs to be set, so that the detection device can acquire reliable data, and the overall influence of the detection device on the extracted blood 700 can be minimized; of course, a doctor can make a plurality of the present detecting devices detect at the same time according to the needs of the patient.
The volume of the blood accommodating cavity 120 is 60 ml to 120 ml;
the volume of the water containing cavity 130 is smaller than that of the blood containing cavity 120, and the water containing cavity 130 is used for enabling the area of the semipermeable membrane 140 between the first guide cylinder 200 and the blood containing cavity 120 not to be limited by the pipe diameter of the guide cylinder, so that relatively high permeation efficiency is ensured;
the volume of the first guide cylinder 200 is larger than or equal to the water containing cavity 130, and the height of the first guide cylinder is 12 cm to 14 cm;
the sum of the volumes of the first guide cylinder 200 and the water containing cavity 130 is larger than the volume of the blood containing cavity 120, so that the osmotic pressure in the water containing cavity 130 relative to the blood containing cavity 120 is not smaller than the liquid pressure in the blood containing cavity 120 in the detection process;
the medical staff can read the variable quantity of the distilled water 800 in real time according to the scale marks on the first guide cylinder 200, the travel of the first floating block 210 is long enough due to the height of the first guide cylinder 200, the water content of the blood 700 changes in the permeation process and the speed of the first floating block 210 is reduced at a uniform speed when the water content of the blood 700 changes due to the permeation effect of the water content of the blood 700 and the pressure difference between the water in the blood 700 and the distilled water 800, and after the speed of the first floating block 210 is reduced to the corresponding speed when the water content of the normal blood 700 is reduced, the doctor can stop the pressure stabilizing hole 230 to ensure that the distilled water 800 does not permeate into the blood 700 any more, and at the moment, the initial value and the variable value of the water content in the blood 700 can be measured and calculated by comparing with the variable quantity of the distilled water 800, and the detected water content of the blood 700 is compensated.
The side surface of the first floating block 210 is a convex curved surface with a semicircular section, which is used for enabling the first floating block 210 to be contacted with the cylinder wall of the first guide cylinder 200 more smoothly, the center of the bottom of the first floating block 210 is fixedly provided with a counterweight body 212, the counterweight body 212 is a semicircular solid block, the weight of the counterweight body 212 is smaller than the buoyancy of the first floating block 210, and the counterweight body 212 is used for enabling the movement of the first floating block 210 in the vertical direction to be more stable.
A rectangular groove with an opening vertically downward and equal width to the semipermeable membrane 140 is formed in the first partition plate 110; the rectangular groove is internally and slidably connected with a lifting plate 300;
the lifting plate 300 is a rectangular plate, the length and width of the lifting plate are equal to those of the semipermeable membrane 140, the lifting rod 310 is fixedly connected to the top of the rectangular plate, the lifting rod 310 is an electric push rod, the lifting rod 310 vertically penetrates through the top of the rectangular groove and drives the lifting plate 300 to slide in the rectangular groove in the vertical direction through the motor control at the top of the shell 100, when the lifting plate 300 slides to the bottom in the shell 100, the semipermeable membrane 140 can be closed, so that the distilled water 800 between the blood accommodating cavity 120 and the water accommodating cavity 130 cannot permeate, and the permeation effect is prevented in the process of injecting the blood 700 and the distilled water 800 through the semipermeable membrane 140, so that the risk of a small amount of errors of the detected initial concentration value can be possibly caused after the injection to the calibration amount is caused.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the embodiment, the speed detection is performed through the laser transmitter 220 arranged at the top of the first guide cylinder 200, the first guide cylinder 200 is matched, most of distilled water 800 is concentrated in the first guide cylinder 200, the permeation efficiency is improved by utilizing the potential energy of water, the data comparison table formed in the control module 150 after multiple tests is utilized, the relation between the speed curve of the floating block and the water content of blood 700 is compared under the condition that the external pressure changes at a constant speed, the technical problems that the detection device in the prior art performs speed detection by controlling a photoelectric sensor from the side through a motor, the accuracy is low, the structure is redundant and the acquired data fault tolerance is low are solved, the error caused by a mechanical structure can be reduced, meanwhile, most of distilled water 800 is enabled to act in the detection, the data fault tolerance is enhanced, and the technical effect of the collaborative detection in multiple modes is achieved through capacity comparison.
Example two
Considering that the diameter and length of the guide cylinder 200 in the first embodiment are fixed, only one set of data reference table can be adapted, but the data cannot be compared at the same time, if the data deviate, the data are difficult to correct in time, and only the comparison of the detected change value of the distilled water 800 capacity can be used for post-remediation, so that the device needs to be improved, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the specific structure is as follows:
the top of the housing 100 is further fixed with a second transparent guide cylinder 400 with scale marks, the second partition 410 is fixed in the water containing cavity 130, and the third partition 420 is fixed in the blood containing cavity 120.
The second partition board 410 is a rectangular plate, is vertically fixed in the water containing cavity 130 and is perpendicular to the semi-permeable membrane 140, the second partition board 410 partitions the water containing cavity 130 into two independent spaces with the same volume, and partitions the semi-permeable membrane 140 into two parts corresponding to the two water containing cavities 130 respectively;
the third partition board 420 is a rectangular board, the third partition board 420 and the second partition board 410 are positioned on the same plane, and separate the blood containing cavity 120 into two independent spaces with the same volume, and the two blood containing cavities 120 are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two water containing cavities 130;
two blood injection ports 160 and 170 are respectively arranged, the two blood injection ports 160 are in one-to-one correspondence with the blood containing cavities 120, and the two water injection ports 170 are in one-to-one correspondence with the water containing cavities 130;
two air valves 180 are respectively and correspondingly communicated with the tops of the two blood accommodating cavities 120;
the combination of the lift plate 300, rectangular slot and lift pins 310 has two portions corresponding to the two-part semipermeable membrane 140, respectively.
The second guide cylinder 400 has the same structure as the first guide cylinder 200, the second guide cylinder 400 vertically penetrates through the top of the water containing cavity 130, and the first guide cylinder 200 and the second guide cylinder 400 respectively correspond to one water containing cavity 130;
the top of the second guide cylinder 400 is coaxially fixed with a laser emitter 220, and a retainer ring 240, a pressure stabilizing hole 230 and a second floating block 430 which are matched with the guide cylinder in size and similar in layout are fixed in the guide cylinder; the floating block II 430 has the same structure as the floating block I210, the laser receiver 211 is fixed in the center of the top of the floating block II, and the counterweight 212 is fixed at the bottom of the floating block II;
the diameter of the second guide cylinder 400 is larger than that of the first guide cylinder 200, the height of the second guide cylinder 400 is smaller than that of the first guide cylinder 200, and the volumes of the second guide cylinder 400 and the first guide cylinder are equal in the part below the retainer ring 240.
When in use, a doctor firstly controls the two lifting plates 300 to seal the semipermeable membrane 140, then injects distilled water 800 into the two water containing cavities 130, and the distilled water 800 is injected into the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 to be abutted against the check ring 240, at the moment, the distilled water 800 on the two sides is equal in quantity, then the equal quantity of blood 700 in the same batch is respectively injected into the two blood containing cavities 120, after the injection is completed, the lifting plates are lifted, the two laser transmitters 220 are started, so that the two laser transmitters 220 start to detect simultaneously after being controlled by the control module 150, data are displayed on a display in real time, when the detected data of the two laser transmitters 220 are compared with a data table stored in the control module 150, if the obtained concentration data are out of a set value, the doctor is reminded of data errors, thereby improving the reliability of the whole device, and being capable of reminding the doctor to compare the observed data in real time, so that the errors cause the blood 700 to be processed wrongly.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
in this embodiment, the first guide cylinder 200 and the second guide cylinder 400 are mutually referenced by two different sets of data tables in the control module 150 by separating the water containing cavity 130 from the blood containing cavity 120 twice, so that the technical problem that the data acquired by the first guide cylinder 200 in the first embodiment cannot be compared at the same time, if the data deviate, the data are difficult to correct in time, and only the comparison of the capacity change value of the distilled water 800 can be relied on to carry out post-remediation is solved, and the technical effect that the deviation can be corrected in real time by mutually referencing the two sets of data in the same time is achieved.
Example III
Considering that the first and second floating blocks 210 and 430 in the first embodiment are detected for the first time, after the first and second floating blocks are lowered to a certain position, if the blood 700 needs to be supplemented with water at this time, the first and second floating blocks 210 and 430 are lifted to the position of the retainer ring 240 at the same time, and after the blood 700 is supplemented with a proper amount of water, the first and second floating blocks 210 and 430 are simultaneously moved downwards, so that the water content of the blood 700 is detected again, and the above steps are repeated for a plurality of times, so that the water content of the blood 700 is ensured to accurately reach a normal value; the repeated steps are realized by rapidly injecting distilled water 800 into the water containing cavity 130 and applying continuous water pressure to keep the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 close to the retainer ring 240, because a large amount of water is required to be filled in a short time, bubbles are easy to generate in the water flow, if the bubbles are pressed into the blood 700, the life health of a patient can be affected, if the distilled water 800 is slowly injected, the water supplementing process is longer, a large amount of time can be wasted by repeated times, if the distilled water 800 is excessively supplemented, only the distilled water 800 can be pumped out for reverse osmosis, so that the resource waste and time are more wasted, and the device needs to be improved, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the specific structure is as follows:
because during detection, after the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 descend to a certain position, at this time, the blood 700 is supplemented according to the measured water content of the blood 700, if the water is supplemented by osmotic pressure, the water supplementing process is slow, the water supplementing amount cannot be judged through scales after the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 fall into the water containing cavity 130, and a large amount of distilled water 800 can be filled only for a short time, so that the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 are lifted to a sufficient height;
two squeezing sacs 500 are respectively disposed inside the two water containing chambers 130.
The squeeze liquid bag 500 is fixed in the water containing cavity 130, is a semicircular elastic bag body with one end open, one end of the opening of the elastic bag body faces towards and is hermetically fixed on the inner wall of the shell 100, a closed cavity is formed by enclosing the elastic bag body and the inner wall of the shell 100, an air pump 900 is fixed outside the shell 100, the air pump 900 is an electric air pump 900 connected with the control module 150 in a signal mode, and the plurality of air pumps 900 are respectively and correspondingly communicated in the cavity inside the squeeze liquid bag 500 and are used for inflating and deflating the cavity inside the squeeze liquid bag 500, so that the squeeze liquid bag 500 is controlled to change the internal pressure of the water containing cavity 130.
When water is needed to be replenished, the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 are lifted up to be closely attached to the retainer ring 240 through the rapid expansion of the squeeze liquid bag 500, at this time, because the specification of the semipermeable membrane 140 is unchanged, and the osmotic pressure changes at a small amount and uniform speed in a short time, the external pressure is a main factor influencing the osmotic rate, at this time, the squeeze liquid bag continues to expand, after a certain amount of gas is filled, the internal pressure of the water containing cavity 130 is enhanced, the gas amount is kept unchanged, the osmotic rate of the semipermeable membrane 140 is enhanced through the enhanced pressure, when the distilled water 800 permeates into the squeeze liquid bag 500 and can not pressurize the water containing cavity 130, the first floating block 210 and the second floating block 430 start to move downwards under the osmotic pressure, in the process, the laser transmitter 220 is always in an on state, after the change of the floating block is detected, the water content of the blood 700 at this time can be measured, a doctor determines whether to continuously replenish water according to the measured water content, the efficiency of detection and replenishing water is greatly accelerated, no bubbles enter the blood 700, and the effect of controllable osmotic rate during replenishing is achieved at the same time;
the water filling port 170 is preferably a one-way water inlet valve;
if water needs to be added into the water containing cavity 130 during the water supplementing process, water is slowly added through the water filling port 170, and the squeeze bag 500 synchronously contracts the same volume while adding water, so that water is gradually added under the condition that the internal pressure of the water containing cavity 130 is not affected, and air bubbles cannot be generated due to the flowing of water flow.
A pressure stabilizing bag 600 is respectively disposed in the two blood-holding chambers 120.
The blood filling port 160 is fixed at the lower end of the side wall of the housing 100, and is communicated with the interior of the blood containing cavity 120, so that the blood 700 is filled from the bottom of the blood containing cavity 120;
the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is fixed at the top of the blood accommodating cavity 120, the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is an elastic bag body, the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is filled with gas, the top of the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is opened, the edge of the top opening is fixedly connected with the edge of the top of the blood accommodating cavity 120, namely, a closed cavity is formed between the pressure stabilizing bag 600 and the top of the blood accommodating cavity 120; the bottom of the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is tightly attached to the blood 700, and no air exists between the two;
the two air valves 180 are electromagnetic valves connected with the control module 150 in a signal manner, the top ends of the two air valves 180 are respectively communicated with an air pump 900, and the air pump 900 can be used for inflating and deflating the cavity inside the pressure stabilizing bag 600, so that the air pressure inside the blood accommodating cavity 120 can be actively regulated;
before the blood 700 is not filled, the pressure stabilizing bag 600 is inflated to fill the blood accommodating cavity 120, the air in the blood accommodating cavity 120 is exhausted, when the blood 700 is injected, the lifting plate 300 falls, the semipermeable membrane 140 is in a closed state, the pressure stabilizing bag 600 synchronously contracts along with the increase of the blood 700, after the blood 700 is injected, the air valve 180 is communicated with an external space, so that the air pressure inside and outside the blood accommodating cavity 120 is stabilized, the permeation of the semipermeable membrane 140 is not influenced, and when the blood accommodating cavity 120 and the water accommodating cavity 130 are both injected to the required liquid amount, the lifting plate 300 is opened upwards;
when the internal air pressure of the blood-containing chamber 120 needs to be regulated, the air valve 180 is communicated with the air pump 900, is closed with the external space, and regulates the internal pressure of the blood-containing chamber 120 through the air pump 900.
When the detected water supplementing amount exceeds the standard value, the inside of the blood accommodating cavity 120 is pressurized by the air pump 900, so that the external pressure of the blood 700 in the blood accommodating cavity 120 is several times greater than the osmotic pressure, and the water in the blood 700 reversely permeates into the water accommodating cavity 130.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
the embodiment solves the technical problems that the efficiency is low and the water content is difficult to detect in time when the blood 700 is supplemented with water in the embodiment and the reverse osmosis effect is difficult to achieve when the water supplementing amount is too much by matching the liquid squeezing bag 500 and the pressure stabilizing bag 600, and achieves the technical effects that the permeation rate can be improved by rapid pressurization and the floating blocks can enter the preparation detection state at the same time, and the reverse osmosis can be rapidly and controllably carried out when the water supplementing amount is too much.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. The blood water content detection device in the hemodialysis process is characterized by comprising a shell (100), wherein the shell (100) is internally partitioned into a blood containing cavity (120) for containing blood (700) and a water containing cavity (130) for containing distilled water (800) through a first partition plate (110) which is vertically arranged, an opening is formed in the lower part of the first partition plate (110), and a semipermeable membrane (140) is fixedly covered on the opening;
the shell (100) is externally fixed with a control module (150), a blood injection port (160), a water injection port (170), an air valve (180) and a guide cylinder I (200);
the blood injection port (160) and the air valve (180) are communicated with the blood containing cavity (120);
the water injection port (170) and the guide cylinder I (200) are fixedly communicated with the top of the water containing cavity (130);
the first guide cylinder (200) is vertically arranged and is provided with a transparent hollow cylinder with scale marks, the upper end of the cylinder wall is provided with a pressure stabilizing hole (230), the bottom of the guide cylinder penetrates through the top of the shell (100) and is communicated into the water containing cavity (130), the part of the cylinder wall positioned in the water containing cavity (130) is separately provided with a water through groove (250), the top of the guide cylinder is fixedly provided with a laser transmitter (220) which is connected with the control module (150) through a signal, and the transmitting end of the laser transmitter is vertically downwards coaxial with the first guide cylinder (200);
the water through groove (250) is a vertical long-strip-shaped through groove, and the pressure stabilizing hole (230) is a through hole;
a first cylindrical floating block (210) with a laser receiver (211) fixed at the top is arranged in the first guide cylinder (200) and the side surface of the first guide cylinder is attached to the cylinder wall, the inside of the first guide cylinder is hollow;
a retainer ring (240) coaxially fixed on the inner wall of the first guide cylinder (200) is arranged below the pressure stabilizing hole (230), the retainer ring (240) is in a circular ring shape and is used for preventing the first floating block (210) from floating upwards to the pressure stabilizing hole (230), and the lower end surface of the retainer ring is contacted with the upper end surface of the first floating block (210) to prevent water flow from overflowing upwards;
the air valve (180) is fixed at the top of the blood accommodating cavity (120);
the volume of the blood containing cavity (120) is 60 ml to 120 ml;
the volume of the water containing cavity (130) is smaller than that of the blood containing cavity (120), and the water containing cavity (130) is used for enabling the area of the semipermeable membrane (140) between the guide cylinder I (200) and the blood containing cavity (120) not to be limited by the pipe diameter of the guide cylinder, so that relatively high permeation efficiency is ensured;
the volume of the first guide cylinder (200) is larger than or equal to that of the water containing cavity (130), and the height of the first guide cylinder is 12 cm to 14 cm;
the sum of the volumes of the guide cylinder I (200) and the water containing cavity (130) is larger than the volume of the blood containing cavity (120), so that the osmotic pressure in the water containing cavity (130) relative to the blood containing cavity (120) in the detection process is not smaller than the liquid pressure in the blood containing cavity (120);
the side surface of the first floating block (210) is a convex curved surface with a semicircular section, the floating block is used for enabling the first floating block (210) to be in contact with the cylinder wall of the first guide cylinder (200) more smoothly, a counterweight body (212) is fixed at the center of the bottom of the first floating block (210), the counterweight body (212) is a semicircular solid block, the weight of the counterweight body (212) is smaller than the buoyancy of the first floating block (210), and the counterweight body is used for enabling the movement of the first floating block (210) in the vertical direction to be more stable;
a rectangular groove with an opening vertically downward and equal width to the semipermeable membrane (140) is formed in the first baffle plate (110); a lifting plate (300) is connected in the rectangular groove in a sliding manner;
the lifting plate (300) is a rectangular plate, the length and the width of the lifting plate are equal to those of the semipermeable membrane (140), the lifting rod (310) is fixedly connected to the top of the rectangular plate, the lifting rod (310) is an electric push rod, the lifting rod (310) vertically penetrates through the top of the rectangular groove and drives the lifting plate (300) to slide in the rectangular groove in the vertical direction through a motor at the top of the shell (100), and when the lifting plate (300) slides to the bottom in the shell (100), the semipermeable membrane (140) can be closed, so that distilled water (800) between the blood accommodating cavity (120) and the water accommodating cavity (130) cannot permeate, and permeation is prevented from occurring through the semipermeable membrane (140) when the blood (700) and the distilled water (800) are not fully filled;
a second transparent guide cylinder (400) with scale marks is also fixed at the top of the shell (100), a second partition plate (410) is fixed in the water containing cavity (130), and a third partition plate (420) is fixed in the blood containing cavity (120);
the second partition plate (410) is a rectangular plate, is vertically fixed in the water containing cavity (130) and is perpendicular to the semi-permeable membrane (140), the second partition plate (410) divides the water containing cavity (130) into two independent spaces with the same volume, and the semi-permeable membrane (140) is divided into two parts which correspond to the two water containing cavities (130) respectively;
the third partition board (420) is a rectangular plate, the third partition board (420) and the second partition board (410) are positioned on the same plane, the blood containing cavity (120) is divided into two independent spaces with the same volume, and the two blood containing cavities (120) are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two water containing cavities (130);
two blood injection ports (160) and two water injection ports (170) are respectively arranged, the two blood injection ports (160) are in one-to-one correspondence with the blood containing cavities (120), and the two water injection ports (170) are in one-to-one correspondence with the water containing cavities (130);
two air valves (180) are respectively and correspondingly communicated with the tops of the two blood accommodating cavities (120);
the combination of the lifting plate (300), the rectangular groove and the lifting rod (310) is two, and the two are respectively corresponding to the two semi-permeable membranes (140);
the guide cylinder II (400) has the same structure as the guide cylinder I (200), the guide cylinder II (400) vertically penetrates through the top of the water containing cavity (130), and the guide cylinder I (200) and the guide cylinder II (400) respectively correspond to one water containing cavity (130);
the top of the second guide cylinder (400) is coaxially fixed with a laser emitter (220), and a retainer ring (240), a pressure stabilizing hole (230) and a second floating block (430) which are matched with the guide cylinder in size and similar in layout are fixed in the guide cylinder; the floating block II (430) has the same structure as the floating block I (210), the laser receiver (211) is fixed in the center of the top of the floating block II, and the counterweight body (212) is fixed at the bottom of the floating block II;
the diameter of the second guide cylinder (400) is larger than that of the first guide cylinder (200), the height of the second guide cylinder (400) is smaller than that of the first guide cylinder (200), and the two guide cylinders are equal in volume at the part below the check ring (240);
the two water containing cavities (130) are internally provided with a liquid squeezing bag (500) respectively;
the extrusion liquid bag (500) is fixed in the water containing cavity (130), is a semicircular elastic bag body with one end being open, one end of the opening of the semicircular elastic bag body faces towards and is hermetically fixed on the inner wall of the shell (100), a sealed cavity is formed by enclosing the semicircular elastic bag body and the inner wall of the shell (100), an air pump (900) is fixed outside the shell (100), the air pump (900) is connected with the electric air pump (900) of the control module (150) through signals, and the air pump (900) is respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the extrusion liquid bag (500) in a corresponding mode and is used for inflating and deflating the inner cavity of the extrusion liquid bag (500), so that the inner pressure of the water containing cavity (130) is controlled to be changed by the extrusion liquid bag (500).
2. The device for detecting the water content of blood in a hemodialysis procedure according to claim 1, wherein a pressure stabilizing bladder (600) is respectively provided in both of the blood-containing chambers (120).
3. The apparatus for measuring the water content of blood during hemodialysis according to claim 2, wherein the blood filling port (160) is fixed at the lower end of the sidewall of the housing (100) and is communicated with the interior of the blood containing chamber (120), so that the blood (700) is filled from the bottom of the blood containing chamber (120) to the inside;
the pressure stabilizing bag (600) is fixed at the inner top of the blood containing cavity (120), the pressure stabilizing bag (600) is an elastic bag body, gas is filled in the pressure stabilizing bag (600), the top of the pressure stabilizing bag (600) is open, the edge of the top opening is fixedly connected with the edge of the top of the blood containing cavity (120), namely a closed cavity is formed between the pressure stabilizing bag (600) and the top of the blood containing cavity (120) in a surrounding mode; the bottom of the pressure stabilizing bag (600) is tightly attached to the blood (700), and no air exists between the pressure stabilizing bag and the blood;
the two air valves (180) are electromagnetic valves connected with the control module (150) in a signal manner, the top ends of the two air valves (180) are respectively communicated with an air pump (900), and the air pump (900) can be used for inflating and deflating the cavity inside the pressure stabilizing bag (600), so that the air pressure inside the blood accommodating cavity (120) can be actively regulated;
before the blood (700) is not filled, the pressure stabilizing bag (600) is inflated to fill the blood accommodating cavity (120), the internal gas of the blood accommodating cavity (120) is emptied, when the blood (700) is injected, the lifting plate (300) falls down, the semipermeable membrane (140) is in a closed state, the pressure stabilizing bag (600) synchronously contracts along with the increase of the blood (700), after the blood (700) is injected into the required blood (700), the air valve (180) is communicated with an external space, so that the internal and external air pressure of the blood accommodating cavity (120) is stable, the permeation effect of the semipermeable membrane (140) is not influenced, and the lifting plate (300) is opened upwards after the blood accommodating cavity (120) and the water accommodating cavity (130) are both injected into the required liquid amount;
when the internal air pressure of the blood containing cavity (120) needs to be regulated, the air valve (180) is communicated with the air pump (900), is closed with the external space, and regulates and controls the internal pressure of the blood containing cavity (120) through the air pump (900).
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| CN202310814979.5A CN116519922B (en) | 2023-07-05 | 2023-07-05 | Blood water content detection device in hemodialysis process |
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| CN116519922A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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