KR101638233B1 - Dialysate supply unit and blood dialyzing apparatus having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The dialysis solution supply device according to the present invention is a dialysis solution supply device comprising a dialysis solution pump for supplying a dialysis solution of a dialysis solution tank to a hemodialysis filter, a discharge solution pump for withdrawing a dialysis solution through a hemodialysis filter to a discharge solution tank, a dialysis solution tank, A dialysis fluid channel converter for regulating the flow path between the dialysis filter, a discharge fluid channel converter for regulating a flow path between the discharge fluid tank, the discharge liquid pump and the hemodialysis filter, and a dialysis fluid flow tube and a discharge liquid tank passing through the hemodialysis filter The dialysis fluid flow pipe passing the dialysis fluid returning pipe or the hemodialysis filter and the dialysis fluid supply pipe flowing out of the dialysis fluid tank are constituted by the pressure relief bypass. The dialysis liquid pump and the discharge liquid pump are constructed to include a cylinder having an internal space, a piston installed to reciprocate inside the cylinder, and a piston driver reciprocating the piston. The dialysis liquid pump and the discharge liquid pump cylinder simultaneously compress and expand Is repeated. It is possible to rapidly change the pressure of the dialysis fluid in the hemodialysis filter using a dialysis fluid supply device having a simple structure having a cylinder and a piston, thereby increasing water exchange and mass transfer between the blood and the dialysis fluid.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a dialysis liquid supply apparatus and a blood dialyzing apparatus having the same,

The present invention relates to a hemodialysis apparatus for filtering impurities in blood by flowing blood and a dialysis liquid through a hemodialysis filter, and more particularly, to a hemodialysis apparatus using a pulsatile dialysis fluid to rapidly To a dialysis fluid supply device capable of increasing water exchange and mass transfer between blood and a dialysis fluid, and a hemodialysis apparatus having the same.

If a kidney function is impaired, moisture and waste products to be discharged outside the body are accumulated in the blood and an electrolyte imbalance occurs in the body. Hemodialysis therapy is mainly performed to circulate the blood outside the body and to remove urinary toxin and excess water accumulated in the body through a hemodialysis membrane, which is a dialysis filter, as a method of improving the kidney failure symptom . Hemodialysis is a technique that uses the principle of filtration by diffusion and pressure difference by the concentration difference of the two fluids by flowing the blood to one side of the semipermeable membrane on the other side, And to balance the electrolyte.

A hemodialysis filter equipped with a semi-permeable hemodialysis membrane is used in one container so that mass transfer can be easily performed while blood and dialysate pass through. The hemodialysis filter is mainly used as a hemodialysis filter of a hollow fiber membrane in which a bundle of hollow fiber membranes is loaded in a cylindrical vessel and potting is performed by using a synthetic resin such as polyurethane at both ends thereof. Hollow hemodialysis hemodialysis filter has a large effective contact area between hemodialysis solution and hemodialysis solution compared with hemodialysis hemodialysis filter.

As the blood and the dialysis fluid flow in opposite directions in the dialysis filter, the blood pressure and the blood pressure of the dialysis fluid in the hemodialysis filter are lower than the dialysate pressure The filtration phenomenon occurs in which the moisture in the blood moves to the dialysis fluid region. On the other hand, since the dialysis fluid pressure in the blood outlet portion is higher than the blood pressure, reverse filtration phenomenon occurs in which water moves from the dialysis fluid to the blood region.

When water moves from the blood to the dialysate area, the waste products in the blood are removed together, which is referred to as convective mass transfer. It is known that the mass transfer by the convection efficiently removes the mediastinal urinary toxin from patients with renal failure and the dialysis efficacy and prognosis of patients are greatly improved. However, since the size of the hemodialysis filter is limited in the conventional hemodialysis device and the increase of the blood flow rate is considerably limited considering the body weight and the vascular condition of the patient, there is a great difficulty in improving the dialysis efficiency by the transfer of mass by convection .

Korean Patent No. 10-1349221 (Feb. 1, 2014)

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention provides a dialysis solution supply device and a hemodialysis apparatus having the same, .

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dialysis solution supply device comprising: a dialysis solution pump connecting a dialysis solution tank and a hemodialysis filter to supply a dialysis solution of a dialysis solution tank to a hemodialysis filter; A dialysis fluid channel converter for converting the flow path between the dialysis liquid tank and the hemodialysis filter, and a dialysis fluid channel converter for converting the dialysate fluid into the dialysate fluid, And a discharge liquid flow passage converter for converting a flow path between the hemodialysis filter. Further, the dialysis solution supply device according to the present invention is characterized in that the dialysis solution supply device comprises a dialysis solution flow pipe for flowing the dialysis solution flow tube and the dialysis solution tank introduced into the hemodialysis filter, or a pressure relief valve for connecting the dialysis solution flow tube flowing out from the hemodialysis filter and the dialysis solution recovery tube, A bypass can be additionally provided.

The dialysis solution pump and the discharge liquid pump include a cylinder having an internal space, a piston for reciprocating inside the cylinder, a piston for compressing or expanding the cylinder, and a piston driver for reciprocating the piston. The dialysate pump and the effluent pump cylinder are characterized by simultaneous compression and expansion.

The dialysis liquid and the discharged liquid flow path converter may include a housing, first, second and third flow ports provided on an outer circumferential surface of the housing, a rotating rotor disposed inside the housing and capable of opening or closing a flow path between the flow ports, And a flow path conversion driver for driving the rotating rotor. When the flow path is closed between the first port and the third port, the flow path through the third port is blocked. On the other hand, when the flow path between the first port and the third port is opened, . In the case of a dialysis fluid channel converter, the first, second and third ports are respectively connected to a dialysis liquid pump, a dialysis liquid tank and a hemodialysis filter, and in the case of a discharge liquid channel converter, Lt; / RTI >

In order to achieve the above object, a hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a hemodialysis filter in which an inner space can cause mass transfer between blood and dialysis fluid; a blood flow tube in which blood flows in a patient; A dialysis liquid tank for storing the dialysis liquid, a discharge liquid tank for withdrawing the dialysis liquid passed through the hemodialysis filter, a dialysis liquid of the dialysis liquid tank is supplied to the hemodialysis filter, and the dialysis liquid through the hemodialysis filter is discharged to the discharge liquid tank And a dialysis solution transferring device for withdrawing the dialysis solution. The hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention may further comprise a dialysis liquid tank balancer for measuring the amount of the dialysis liquid used from the dialysis liquid tank during hemodialysis and a discharge liquid tank balancer capable of measuring the amount of the dialysis liquid recovered to the discharge liquid tank during hemodialysis An auxiliary dialysate flow tube connecting the dialysis fluid flow tube and the discharge liquid tank flowing out of the hemodialysis filter and an auxiliary drain liquid pump installed in the auxiliary dialysate flow tube and drawing additional water from the hemodialysis filter toward the discharge tank, .

The hemodialysis apparatus according to the present invention can rapidly change the dialysate pressure in the hemodialysis filter by using a simple structure of the dialysis liquid supply apparatus, and it is possible to perform the water exchange and mass transfer between the blood and the dialysate during the hemodialysis And the hemodialysis efficiency can be improved without increasing the size of the hemodialysis filter or increasing the blood and dialysate flow rate.

1 is a schematic diagram of a hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view of a hemodialysis filter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 shows a main configuration of a dialysis solution supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 shows a dialysis fluid supply device according to a temporary example of the present invention in which a pressure relief bypass is provided.
5 is a schematic view of a pressure relief bypass.
6 shows a dialysis fluid supply device according to a temporary example of the present invention in which a pressure relief bypass is provided.
FIG. 7 shows a dialysis fluid supply device according to a temporary example of the present invention in which two pressure relief bypasses are provided.
8 is a schematic view of a pressure relief bypass with a one-way valve;
Fig. 9 shows a dialysis solution supply device according to a temporary example of the present invention in which a balance is provided.
10 and 11 are schematic views of a channel converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 and 13 illustrate the flow of dialysis fluid in the dialysis fluid supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14 shows the blood pressure during hemodialysis and the dialysis fluid pressure waveform produced by the dialysis fluid supply device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 shows a main configuration of a dialysis solution supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a tube and a tube pressing member.

Hereinafter, a dialysis fluid supply device and a hemodialysis apparatus having the same according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In describing the present invention, the sizes and shapes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated or simplified for clarity and convenience of explanation. In addition, the terms defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may be changed according to the intention or custom of the user, the operator. These terms are to be construed in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the contents throughout the present specification.

2 is a cross-sectional view of a hemodialysis filter according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hemodialysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. .

1, a hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hemodialysis filter 20, a hemodialysis apparatus 20, and a hemodialysis apparatus 20. The hemodialysis apparatus 10 includes a hemodialysis filter 20, A blood flow tube 12 for connecting the hemodialysis filter and the patient, a blood pump 11 installed in the blood flow tube for transferring the blood, a dialysis fluid tank 13 for storing the dialysis fluid, a dialysis fluid And a dialysis liquid supply device 30 for supplying the dialysis liquid of the dialysis liquid tank to the hemodiafiltration filter 20 and recovering the dialysis solution through the hemodialysis filter to the discharge liquid tank.

2, the hemodialysis filter 20 includes a hemodialysis filter container 21 having an inner space and a blood dialysis membrane 22 accommodated in an inner space of the container, Is partitioned into a blood flow region and a dialysis fluid flow region by the hemofiltration membrane (22). The hemodialyzing filter container 21 has a blood inlet 23 and a blood outlet 24 at one end and the other end thereof and a dialysis fluid inlet 25 and a dialysis fluid outlet 26 at the upper and lower portions of the outer circumferential surface of the container. The blood that flows into the blood inlet 23 passes through the blood flow area inside the blood permeable membrane and is discharged through the blood outlet 24. The dialysis fluid flowing into the dialysis fluid inlet 25 flows into the dialysis fluid flow area outside the blood dialysis membrane And is discharged through the dialysis solution outlet 26.

3, the dialysis solution supply device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention connects the dialysis solution tank 13 and the hemodiafiltration filter 20, and supplies the dialysis solution of the dialysis solution tank to the hemodialysis filter A dialysis fluid pump 35 for connecting the hemodialysis filter 20 and the effluent liquid tank 14 and returning the dialysis liquid through the hemodialysis filter to the effluent liquid tank, A dialysis fluid channel converter 41 for converting the flow path between the dialysis fluid pump 35 and the hemodialysis filter 20, a flow path between the discharge fluid tank 14, the discharge fluid pump 36, and the hemodialysis filter 20, And a discharge liquid passage converter (42) for converting the liquid. The dialysate pump 35 and the discharge liquid pump 36 are provided with cylinders 37 and 38 having an internal space, pistons 39 and 40 installed to reciprocate inside the cylinder and compressing or expanding the cylinder, And a piston driver for moving the piston. The piston driver may be of various structures capable of compressing or expanding the dialysate pump cylinder 37 and the discharge liquid pump cylinder 38 by advancing and retreating the pistons 39 and 40. Here, the dialysate pump cylinder 37 and the discharge liquid pump cylinder 38 are repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time.

4, the dialysis solution supply device 30 according to the present invention connects the dialysis solution flow tube 32 flowing out of the hemodialysis filter and the dialysis solution collection tube 33 flowing into the discharge liquid tank 14 A pressure relief bypass 34 may be additionally provided. And the pressure relief bypass line 34 is opened by a pressure difference between the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis liquid recovery pipe 33. For example, when the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 is higher than the pressure of the dialysis fluid return pipe 33, the dialysis liquid of the hemodialysis filter may flow to the discharge liquid tank through the pressure relief bypass 34, The pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 can be lowered. Conversely, when the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 is lower than the pressure of the dialysis solution return pipe 33, the dialysis solution in the discharge liquid tank can flow into the dialysis solution flow pipe 32 through the pressure relief bypass 34, The pressure of the flow pipe 32 can be increased. 5 shows an example of the pressure relief bypass 34. The pressure relief bypass is usually shut off by the compression of the spring but the pressure difference between the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis fluid return pipe 33 P1-P2) exceeds the compressive force of the spring, the spring can be moved upward and the bypass can be opened.

The pressure relief bypass 34 is not limited to being operated by the pressure difference P1-P2 between the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis fluid return pipe 33. [ For example, the pressure relief bypass 34 may be actuated in accordance with the pressure P1 of the dialysis fluid flow tube 32. That is, the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow tube 32 during hemodialysis is measured, and the pressure relief bypass 34 can be opened when the pressure value is out of tolerance. The pressure difference value between the dialysis solution flow pipe 32 and the dialysis solution return pipe 33 may be determined by the pressure of the dialysis solution flow pipe 32 Can be seen to be determined. In addition, the pressure relief bypass 34 may be opened or blocked by the inter-membrane pressure TMP which is the hydrostatic pressure difference between the blood passing through the hemodialysis filter and the dialysis liquid.

Here, the pressure or TMP of the dialytic fluid flow tube 32 capable of opening the pressure relief bypass 34 is not set to a predetermined value, but is preferably set differently depending on the type of blood dialysis membrane to be used. A conventional hemodialysis filter has a tolerance of a positive (+) value and a negative (-) value of TMP in order to prevent breakage of the blood dialysis membrane. Though the TMP tolerance differs depending on the type of blood dialysis membrane, its absolute value has a value between 500 and 1,500 mmHg. The pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 passing through the hemodialysis filter is lowered so that the positive TMP value reaches the allowable value or conversely the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow tube 32 becomes higher so that the negative TMP value reaches the allowable value It is not desirable. Therefore, when the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 is significantly lowered (approximately -500 to -1,500 mmHg), the dialysate of the discharge liquid tank flows to the dialysis fluid flow tube through the pressure relief bypass 34, . On the other hand, when the pressure of the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 is greatly increased (approximately 500 to 1,500 mmHg), the dialysis solution in the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 is removed to the discharge liquid tank 14 through the pressure relief bypass 34, The pressure of the dialysis fluid flow tube can be lowered. Thus, by providing the pressure relief bypass 34, the dialysate pressure passing through the hemodialysis filter can be adjusted to always be within an acceptable range.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pressure relief bypass 34 is not limited to connecting the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis solution return pipe 33 flowing out from the hemodialysis filter, A dialysis solution supply pipe 31 flowing out of the dialysis solution tank 13 and a dialysis solution flow pipe 32 flowing into the hemodialysis filter 20 may be installed. The dialysis solution of the hemodialysis filter 20 can flow to the dialysis solution supply pipe 31 through the pressure relief bypass 34 and conversely the dialysis solution can be supplied to the dialysis solution flow pipe 32 The dialysis liquid in the dialysis liquid tank can flow into the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 when the pressure is lower than the allowable value.

7, the pressure relief bypass line 34 connecting the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis liquid recovery pipe 33 and the pressure for connecting the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis liquid supply pipe 31 And the relief bypass line 34 may be installed together. At this time, the flow of the dialysis liquid through the pressure relief bypass line is generated in only one direction by using a check valve or the like as shown in FIG.

The dialysis solution supply device 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include various methods capable of measuring the amount of the dialysis solution used from the dialysis solution tank 13 and the amount of the dialysis solution recovered into the discharge solution tank 14 . For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the dialysis liquid tank and the discharged liquid tank balance 15, 16 are used to measure the amount of the dialysis liquid used from the dialysis liquid tank during hemodialysis and the amount of the dialysis liquid recovered to the discharge liquid tank can do. It is important to remove excess water from the body during hemodialysis because patients with kidney failure can not excrete water externally due to the absence of kidney function. During hemodialysis, the amount of dialysis fluid used and the volume of water removed from the patient can be measured. The dialysis liquid tank and the discharge liquid tank balances 15 and 16 are not limited to the illustrated structure and can be changed to other structures capable of measuring the amount of the dialysis liquid used from the dialysis liquid tank and the amount of the dialysis liquid recovered to the discharge liquid tank , The dialysis fluid supply device 30 according to the present invention may use a method other than the above-described balance (15, 16) for measuring the amount of dialysis fluid used and the amount of the dialysis fluid recovered.

10, the dialysis liquid and effluent flow path transducers 41 and 42 include a housing 48, first, second and third flow ports 43, 44 and 45 provided on the outer circumferential surface of the housing, A rotating rotor 47 located inside the housing and hermetically coupled to the inner circumferential surface of the housing and connecting the flow paths between the flow ports, and a flow path conversion driver 46 for driving the rotating rotor. When the flow path is connected between the first port and the second port by the rotation of the rotating rotor 47, the flow path through the third port is shut off. On the contrary, when the flow path between the first port and the third port is opened, And the flow path is closed.

In the case of the dialysis fluid channel converter 41, the first, second and third ports 43, 44 and 45 are respectively connected to the dialysis fluid pump 35, the dialysis fluid tank 13 and the hemodialysis filter 20, In the case of the drainage channel converter 42, the first, second and third ports are preferably connected to the drain pump 36, the hemodialysis filter 20 and the drain tank 14, respectively. The opening or closing time of the flow path can be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the rotating rotor (47).

The structure of the channel converter is not limited to that shown in the drawing, but may be changed to another structure capable of converting the flow of the dialysis liquid. For example, as shown in Fig. 11, the dialysis fluid channel can be converted by using a tube member 49 capable of linear reciprocating movement and a compression member driver for providing a linear force to the compression member. When the dialysis fluid channel converter 41 is opened, for example, the dialysis fluid supply tube 31 connecting the dialysis fluid pump 34 and the dialysis fluid tank 13 to the compression member, the dialysis fluid flow tube 32 through the hemodialysis filter 20 is blocked When the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 connecting the dialysis fluid pump 34 and the hemodialysis filter 20 is opened, the flow path through the dialysis fluid tank 13 is preferably blocked.

Hereinafter, the operation of the dialysis fluid supply device 30 and the hemodialyzer 10 having the same according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

During blood dialysis, the blood pump 11 operates to allow the blood in the human body to pass through the hemodialysis filter 20, and the dialysis liquid supply device 30 operates to allow the dialysis liquid in the dialysis tank to pass through the hemodialysis filter 20, And is recovered to the tank. The blood flows into the blood dialysis membrane 22 and the dialysis fluid flows out of the blood dialysis membrane.

12, the dialysis fluid channel converter 41 connects the flow path between the dialysis fluid tank 13 and the dialysis fluid pump 35 when the dialysate pump and the outlet fluid pump cylinders 37 and 38 are expanded, The effluent solution channel converter 42 connects the flow path between the hemodialysis filter 20 and the effluent solution pump 36. The dialysis liquid of the dialysis liquid tank 13 flows into the cylinder 37 due to the expansion of the dialysis liquid pump cylinder 37 and the dialysis liquid of the hemodialysis filter 20 flows into the cylinder 38 due to the expansion of the discharge liquid pump cylinder 38 do. When the dialysis liquid of the hemodialysis filter flows into the drain pump cylinder 38, the dialysate area of the hemodialysis filter 20 is closed, so that the dialysate pressure is lower than the blood pressure, A filtration phenomenon occurs.

13, when the dialysate pump and the discharge liquid pump cylinders 37 and 38 are compressed, the dialysis fluid channel converter 41 transfers the flow path between the dialysis fluid pump 35 and the hemodialysis filter 20 And the discharge liquid passage converter 42 connects the flow path between the discharge liquid pump 36 and the discharge liquid tank 14. The dialysis liquid in the cylinder is supplied to the hemodialysis filter by the compression of the dialysis fluid pump cylinder 37 and the discharge liquid in the cylinder flows to the discharge liquid tank by the compression of the discharge liquid pump cylinder 38. When the dialysis fluid of the dialysis fluid pump cylinder 37 is supplied to the hemodialysis filter, the dialysis fluid area of the hemodialysis filter is closed, so that the dialysis fluid pressure is higher than the blood pressure, and the reverse filtration phenomenon in which the moisture in the dialysis fluid moves to the blood area Occurs.

When the dialysate pump and outlet fluid pump cylinders 37 and 38 are inflated and the dialysate pressure of the hemodialysis filter becomes lower than the tolerance, the dialysate of the outlet tank 13 through the pressure relief bypass 34 flows into the dialysis fluid flow tube 32 ). ≪ / RTI > The dialysate of the hemodialysis filter can be removed to the effluent tank via the pressure relief bypass 34 when the dialysate pump and effluent pump cylinders 37 and 38 are compressed and the dialysate pressure of the hemodialysis filter is higher than the tolerance have. As described above, the pressure relief bypass 34 is not limited to connecting the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis liquid recovery pipe 33 as shown in the drawing, but may be connected to the dialysis liquid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis liquid supply pipe 31 And may include a pressure relief bypass which connects the dialysis fluid flow pipe 32 and the dialysis solution return pipe 33 and a pressure relief bypass which connects the dialysis solution flow pipe 32 and the dialysis solution supply pipe 31 .

When the dialysate pump 35 and the drain pump 36 are inflated, TMP becomes positive in the hemodialysis filter 20 and filtration occurs. Conversely, when the pumps 35 and 36 When compressed, TMP has negative (-) value and backfiltration occurs. As described above, one cycle of the expansion-compression of the dialysis fluid pump 35 and the discharge fluid pump 36 constitutes one cycle of filtration-reverse filtration. In the hemodialysis using the dialysis fluid supply device 30 of the present invention, - The reverse filtering cycle is repeated. During filtration, moisture and waste products are removed, and water lost during reverse filtration is replenished.

In normal hemodialysis, blood is transferred by a roller pump of a tube compression type. At this time, as shown in Fig. 14 (a), the blood pressure repeats the blood flow tube compression and expansion by the roller, ). However, as shown in Fig. 14 (b), the dialysis fluid pressure produced by the dialysis fluid supply device according to the present invention is remarkably larger than the fluctuation width of the blood pressure. This is because the dialysis fluid flow through the compression and expansion of the cylinder according to the present invention produces a significantly greater pulsatile flow compared to a roller pump that squeezes the blood flow tube to transport the fluid.

Here, it is preferable that the compression-expansion cycle (cycle / min) of the dialysis fluid pump and the outlet fluid pump cylinders 37 and 38 is appropriately adjusted according to the prescription of the dialysis fluid flow rate required in the hemodialysis treatment. The dialysis fluid feed amount Qd by the dialysis fluid pump 35 is expressed by the following equation by the compression-expansion volume V and the compression-expansion period F of the cylinder 37.

Qd [ml / min] = V [ml / cycle] x F [cycle / min]

For example, assuming that the patient's blood flow was prescribed at 200-250 ml / min and the dialysis fluid flow at 600 ml / min for 4 hours treatment in hemodialysis treatment, the internal pressures of the dialysate pump and the effluent pump cylinder (37, 38) If the expansion volume is 20 ml, the dialysis liquid and the discharge liquid pumps 35 and 36 according to the present invention are required to undergo compression-expansion 30 times per minute. V can be determined by the diameter of the cylinder interior and the transfer distance d of the piston.

In actual hemodialysis, blood cells and plasma proteins adhere to the inner wall of the hemodialysis membrane, which interferes with the movement of water from the blood region to the dialysis fluid region. Therefore, in order to produce the same amount of filtration and reverse filtration, a positive TMP for filtration may require a larger value than a negative TMP for reverse filtration. It is also possible to appropriately adjust the amount of the dialysis solution supplied by the dialysis solution pump 35 and the amount of dialysis solution returned by the drainage pump 36 by appropriately allocating a longer time for filtration as compared with the reverse filtration .

It is important to remove excess water in the kidney disease patients as much as to remove waste materials and toxins in the body during hemodialysis because moisture accumulates in the body due to the absence of kidney function. 1, an auxiliary dialysate flow tube 17 connecting the dialysis fluid flow tube 32 and the discharge liquid tank 14 flowing out of the hemodialysis filter 20 and a dialysis fluid flow tube 17 provided in the auxiliary dialysate flow tube, An auxiliary discharge liquid pump 18 may be installed to draw water further toward the discharge liquid tank 14.

The dialysis fluid pump 35 and the fluid discharge pump 36 are not limited to the cylinders 37 and 38 and the pistons 39 and 40 for compressing or expanding the cylinder. . ≪ / RTI > For example, as shown in Fig. 15, the dialysis fluid pump 35 and the discharge liquid pump 36 are provided with tubes 51 and 52 made of a flexible material capable of contracting and relaxing, a tube pressurizing Members 53 and 54, and a pressing member driver for providing a linear force to the tube pressing member. The tube urging members 53 and 54 pressurize or expand the dialysate pump tube 51 and the outlet liquid pump tube 52 simultaneously while moving linearly along the guide rails provided on the one side wall.

The tube pressing member driver may be of various structures capable of transferring reciprocating linear motion force to the tube pressing members 53, 54. An exemplary tube biasing member actuator may include a cam for urging the tube urging members 53, 54 toward the tube support wall and a motor for rotating the cam, and the tube urging members 53, The dialysis liquid pump tube 51 and the drain liquid pump tube 52 are simultaneously compressed, and when the external force by the cam is removed, the tube urging members 53 and 54 are moved to their original positions, The tubes 51 and 52 are restored to their original state by the elastic force of their own, and the inside of the tube is expanded. In the present invention, the tube pressurizing device is not limited to the illustrated structure, and the tube urging members 53 and 54 can be changed into various structures capable of contracting and relaxing the dialysate pump and the outlet liquid pump tubes 51 and 52 , The pressing member driver may be changed to another structure capable of operating the tube pressing members 53,

As described above, the hemodialysis apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the cylinders 37 and 38, the pistons 39 and 40, or the tubes 51 and 52 and the tube urging members 53 and 54 The pressure of the dialysis fluid in the hemodialysis filter 20 can be rapidly changed by using the dialysis fluid supply device 30 of a simple structure. This maximizes water exchange and mass exchange between the blood and the dialysis fluid in the hemodialysis filter during hemodialysis and improves hemodialysis efficiency without increasing the size of the hemodialysis filter or increasing the blood and dialysate flow rate have.

10: Hemodialysis device
11: Blood pump
12: blood flow tube
13: Dialysis fluid tank
14: discharge liquid tank
15, 16: balance
17: Auxiliary dialysate flow tube
18: Auxiliary effluent pump
20: hemodialysis filter
21: hemodialysis filter container
22: blood dialysis membrane
23, 24: blood inlet and outlet
25, 26: dialysate inlet and outlet
30: Dialysis liquid transfer device
31: Dialysis fluid supply tube
32: Dialysis fluid flow tube
33: Dialysis fluid collection tube
34: Pressure relief bypass
35: Dialysis fluid pump
36: Drain pump
37, 38: Cylinder
39, 40: piston
41: Dialysis fluid channel converter
42: Exhaust liquid flow converter
43: First port
44: second port
45: Third port
46:
47: rotating rotor
48: Housing
49: tube compression member
51, 52: tube
53, 54: tube pressing member

Claims (20)

A dialysis liquid pump for supplying a dialysis liquid of a dialysis liquid tank to a hemodialysis filter;
A discharge liquid pump for withdrawing the dialysis solution passed through the hemodialysis filter to the discharge liquid tank;
A dialysis fluid channel converter for converting a flow path between a dialysis liquid tank, a dialysis liquid pump and a hemodialysis filter;
A discharge liquid flow passage converter for converting a flow path between the hemodialysis filter, the discharge liquid pump and the discharge liquid tank; And
And a pressure relief bypass which connects the dialysis fluid flow tube, the dialysis fluid collection tube, or the dialysis fluid flow tube and the dialysis fluid supply tube.
The method according to claim 1,
The dialysate pump and the draining fluid pump,
A cylinder having an internal space;
A piston installed inside the cylinder so as to be capable of reciprocating movement; And
And a piston actuator reciprocating the piston.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the dialysis liquid pump cylinder and the outlet liquid pump cylinder are repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time.
The method of claim 3,
When the cylinder is inflated, the dialysis fluid channel converter opens the flow path between the dialysis liquid tank and the dialysis liquid pump and cuts off the flow path through the hemodialysis filter, and the flow-through flow path converter opens the flow path between the hemodialysis filter and the discharge liquid pump The flow path through the discharge liquid tank is shut off,
When the cylinder is compressed, the dialysis fluid channel converter opens the flow path between the dialysis liquid pump and the hemodialysis filter and cuts off the flow path through the dialysis liquid tank, and the flow path converter of the discharge liquid channel opens the flow path between the discharge liquid pump and the discharge liquid tank And the flow path through the hemodialysis filter is shut off.
The method according to claim 1,
The dialysate pump and the draining fluid pump,
A tube made of a flexible material capable of contracting and relaxing;
A tube pressing member for discharging the dialysis solution in the tube by pressurizing the tube; And
And a pressure member driver for providing a linear reciprocating force to the tube pressing member
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the dialysate pump tube and the outlet liquid pump tube are repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time.
The method according to claim 6,
When the tube is inflated, the dialysis fluid channel converter opens the flow path between the dialysis liquid tank and the dialysis liquid pump and cuts off the flow path through the hemodialysis filter, and the discharge liquid flow path converter opens the flow path between the hemodialysis filter and the discharge liquid pump The flow path through the discharge liquid tank is shut off,
When the tube is compressed, the dialysis fluid channel converter opens the flow path between the dialysis liquid pump and the hemodialysis filter and cuts off the flow path through the dialysis liquid tank, and the flow path converter of the discharge liquid channel opens the flow path between the discharge liquid pump and the discharge liquid tank And the flow path through the hemodialysis filter is shut off.
delete The method according to claim 1,
The pressure-
A pressure difference between both ends of the dialysis liquid pipe connected by the pressure relief bypass,
The pressure of the dialysis fluid flow tube, or
Wherein the dialysis fluid is opened or blocked by a pressure value of blood passing through the hemodialysis filter and inter-membrane pressure which is a difference between dialysis fluid pressures.
delete 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 9,
A dialysis solution tank balance measuring an amount of dialysis solution used from the dialysis solution tank; And
And a discharge liquid tank balance capable of measuring the amount of the dialysis liquid recovered to the discharge liquid tank.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 9,
The dialysate and effluent fluid channel transducer may comprise:
housing;
A rotating rotor disposed inside the housing and hermetically engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the housing;
And a flow path changing driver for rotating the rotating rotor.
delete 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 9,
The dialysate and effluent fluid channel transducer may comprise:
A tube compression member;
And a compression member driver for providing a linear reciprocating force to the tube compression member.
A hemodialysis filter in which an inner space is partitioned into a blood flow region and a dialysis fluid flow region through a blood dialysis membrane where mass transfer between blood and a dialysis fluid can take place;
A blood flow tube connecting the hemodialysis filter and the patient;
A blood pump installed in the blood flow tube for transferring blood of a patient;
A dialysis liquid tank storing a dialysis liquid;
A discharge liquid tank for recovering the dialysis solution through the hemodialysis filter;
A dialysis liquid pump for supplying a dialysis liquid of a dialysis liquid tank to a hemodialysis filter;
A discharge liquid pump for withdrawing the dialysis solution passed through the hemodialysis filter to the discharge liquid tank;
A dialysis fluid channel converter for converting a flow path between a dialysis liquid tank, a dialysis liquid pump and a hemodialysis filter;
A discharge liquid flow passage converter for converting a flow path between the hemodialysis filter, the discharge liquid pump and the discharge liquid tank; And
And a pressure relief bypass which connects the dialysis fluid flow tube and the dialysis fluid collection tube or the dialysis fluid flow tube and the dialysis fluid supply tube.
16. The method of claim 15,
The dialysate pump and the draining fluid pump,
A cylinder having an internal space;
A piston installed inside the cylinder so as to be capable of reciprocating movement; And
And a piston driver reciprocating the piston,
Wherein the dialysate pump and the outlet liquid pump cylinder are repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time.
16. The method of claim 15,
The dialysate pump and the draining fluid pump,
A tube made of a flexible material capable of contracting and relaxing;
A tube pressing member for discharging the dialysis solution in the tube by pressurizing the tube; And
And a pressing member driver for providing a linear reciprocating force to the tube pressing member,
Wherein the dialysis liquid pump and the outlet liquid pump tube are repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time.
delete 18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17,
The dialysate and effluent fluid channel transducer may comprise:
housing;
A rotating rotor located inside the housing and hermetically engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the housing;
And a flow path conversion driver for rotating the rotary rotor.
18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17,
The dialysate and effluent fluid channel transducer may comprise:
A tube compression member;
And a compression member driver for providing a linear reciprocating force to the tube compression member.

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