WO2015143894A1 - 一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 - Google Patents

一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2015143894A1
WO2015143894A1 PCT/CN2014/093546 CN2014093546W WO2015143894A1 WO 2015143894 A1 WO2015143894 A1 WO 2015143894A1 CN 2014093546 W CN2014093546 W CN 2014093546W WO 2015143894 A1 WO2015143894 A1 WO 2015143894A1
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feed
protein
parts
saving
feed additive
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PCT/CN2014/093546
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French (fr)
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郑文才
黄冠庆
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郑文才
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of animal feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Feed nutrients are the material basis for the maintenance of life and production of animals.
  • the process of using the protein in the feed is: the animal feeds the feed first, and the protein in the feed is degraded into small peptides and amino acids that can be absorbed in the digestive tract by various means, and hydrolyzed. Small peptides and amino acids are absorbed into the blood, and the animals use absorption Amino acid and small peptide synthesis proteins, active substances, fats, carbohydrates, or oxidative energy to the body. Increasing the digestion and absorption rate of feed protein can not only save feed protein resources, reduce the cost of farm animals, but also reduce the nitrogen content in animal excrement and reduce the environmental pollution of the breeding industry.
  • the current feed additives generally have the disadvantages of complex components, high preparation cost, easy drug residue, slow effect and poor palatability of feed.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive which can save the amount of feed protein, and the feed additive can be compounded according to a certain ratio of organic acid and organic iron, and can be improved by joint action.
  • the digestion and utilization rate of the protein in the livestock and poultry in the feed can effectively save the use of protein feed ingredients in the feed;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive which can save the amount of feed protein mentioned above. use.
  • a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein comprising the following components by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid; 1-2 parts of citric acid; 0.1-0.2 parts of ferrous fumarate.
  • a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein prepared by the following components by weight: 5-8 parts of lactic acid; 1-2 parts of citric acid; 0.1-0.2 parts of ferrous fumarate; total weight basis 100 parts, the balance is the carrier.
  • the carrier is at least one of white carbon black, diatomaceous earth, zeolite powder, sepiolite, bentonite, medical stone, light calcium carbonate, defatted bone powder or shell powder;
  • the carrier is silica.
  • a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein is prepared from the following components by weight: 6 parts of lactic acid, 1.5 parts of citric acid, 0.15 parts of ferrous fumarate, and 92.35 parts of carrier; It is white carbon black.
  • the method for preparing a feed additive capable of saving feed protein dosage comprises the following steps: mixing lactic acid and a carrier to carry out carrier adsorption; adding citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing uniformly, thereby obtaining the feed can be saved Feed additive for protein usage.
  • the feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount is used for saving feed protein raw material usage in chicken culture;
  • the above-mentioned application of the feed additive which can save the feed protein amount is preferably: in the livestock and poultry breeding, 0.5 to 2 kg of the feed additive which can save the feed protein amount is added per ton of the compound feed.
  • the degradation process of protein raw materials in feed is to break down the macromolecular protein into small molecules, then produce H through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and finally enter the respiratory chain, and the respiratory chain transfers electrons to O 2 .
  • TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • the tricarboxylic acid cycle is a metabolic pathway prevalent in aerobic animal organisms. This cyclic reaction begins with the citric acid containing three carboxyl groups formed by the condensation of acetyl COA with oxaloacetate, and is therefore also referred to as the citric acid cycle.
  • the cycle undergoes two decarboxylation reactions and four dehydrogenation reactions to form oxaloacetate and re-enter the next cycle.
  • the tricarboxylic acid cycle is the ultimate metabolic pathway of the three major nutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins), and is also the linkage link between sugars, lipids and amino acids, and is also the fastest way to produce energy.
  • plant protein or animal protein in animal feed is cut into amino acids by protease in the body, so protein metabolism is also the metabolism of amino acids.
  • a part of the amino acid and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are mutually converted by deamination to complete the final metabolism of the amino acid to produce ATP.
  • Citric acid as the first product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle reaction, has an important regulatory effect on the progress of the cycle.
  • the concentration of citric acid determines the rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and also determines the rate at which energy is produced.
  • the net energy in animals includes maintaining net energy and net energy production. When the animal weight is the same or similar, the net energy is maintained. The more energy generated by the TCA cycle, the more energy is converted into net energy. To gain weight or lay eggs. Because the TCA cycle is always carried out, the addition of citric acid will keep the concentration of citric acid in the cycle stable for a certain period of time.
  • citric acid is like an "enzyme", which has been catalyzing and promoting the TCA cycle. , so that amino acids are constantly metabolized to produce more energy. Therefore, increasing the speed of the TCA cycle in the body can increase the utilization efficiency of the protein feed material, thereby reducing the protein content in the compound feed, supplemented with ferrous fumarate, and accelerate the blood flow and health of the animal, so that the nutrient content
  • the blood is transported to various organs as soon as possible, and the nutrient components are absorbed and utilized, thereby effectively saving the amount of protein raw materials used.
  • the invention combines lactic acid, citric acid, ferrous fumarate and carrier into a feed additive, and adds it to the mixed feed for livestock and poultry breeding, thereby effectively reducing the better production and growth performance of the livestock and poultry.
  • the invention has few components, abundant sources, low cost, simple preparation process and remarkable application effect.
  • a feed additive capable of saving the amount of feed protein, the composition and content thereof being as follows: 5 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1 part by weight of citric acid, 0.1 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing well, thereby obtaining the feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount.
  • the feed additive can save feed protein dosage, and its composition and content are as follows: 8 parts by weight of lactic acid, 2 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.2 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance is white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing well, thereby obtaining the feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount.
  • a feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount the composition and content thereof being as follows: 6 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1.5 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.15 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing well, thereby obtaining the feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount.
  • a feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount the composition and content thereof being as follows: 6 parts by weight of lactic acid, 1.5 parts by weight of citric acid, 0.15 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 100 parts by weight, and the balance being white carbon black.
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing lactic acid and white carbon black for carrier adsorption, and mixing with citric acid and ferrous fumarate, stirring and mixing well, thereby obtaining the feed additive capable of saving feed protein amount.
  • a chicken feed formulation having different crude protein (CP) contents was designed, and a feed additive having an effect of reducing environmental pollution according to the present invention in a weight ratio of 0.1% was added.
  • the chicken feed formulation with different crude protein (CP) content was designed, and the feed additive having the effect of reducing environmental pollution prepared by the invention prepared in Example 4 was added in a weight ratio of 0.1% (abbreviated as additive in the table, the same below), as shown in Table 1. Shown.
  • Additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg Pantothenic acid 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the crude protein is the measured value, and the others are theoretical calculations.
  • test chickens were kept in the same chicken house, using three-stage feeding method; 1 to 2 weeks old infrared lamp insulation, three-layer cage, free feeding, free drinking water, natural light, routine immunization, feeding density 16/m 2 . 4 determination indicators and determination methods
  • the test was started (1 day old), 14, 28, and 42 days old, and the fasting unit was weighed in units of repeating units at 8:00 in the morning, and the feed consumption per repeat unit was counted.
  • the health status of the chickens is observed every day, and the death date, weight and consumption amount are registered for death.
  • the growth performance indexes such as average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • Half net rate (%) half net weight / live weight ⁇ 100
  • Full net rate (%) full net weight / live weight ⁇ 100
  • Pectoral muscle rate (%) chest muscle (right) weight / full net weight ⁇ 100
  • Leg muscle rate (%) leg muscle (right) weight / full net weight ⁇ 100
  • Abdominal fat percentage (%) abdominal fat weight / full net weight ⁇ 100
  • Subcutaneous fat thickness The thickness of the skin and fat at the front end of the caudal vertebra and the incision along the median line of the dorsal aspect were measured with a vernier caliper.
  • broilers Male of 25-day-old "Hainan Yellow” (growth speed) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 repeating units each with 5 repeat units. Test for 20 days. Determination of growth performance of broilers
  • composition of the diet and the nutritional level are shown in Table 6:
  • the additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg; 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the growth performance indicators are shown in Table 7:
  • the feed additive of the present invention can improve the digestion and absorption utilization rate of feed protein and promote the growth and development of yellow chicken.
  • Eighty-eight-day-old white feather broilers were selected. Randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 repeating units per group, 10 per repeating unit.
  • the test chickens were kept in a three-layer chicken cage in the same house, free to eat, free to drink water, natural light, and routine immunity.
  • the stocking density was 16/m 2 .
  • the test period is 2 weeks. Growth indicators and serum biochemical indicators were measured.
  • composition and nutritional level of the diet are shown in Table 9:
  • Additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg Pantothenic acid 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the crude protein is the measured value, and the others are theoretical calculations.
  • the growth performance indicators are shown in Table 10:
  • serum biochemical indicators are in the normal range. Glucose, albumin and total cholesterol in groups A, B and C were not significantly different between the groups at 35 and 42 days of age. The total protein of group B and C was higher than that of group A at 35 and 42 days old, and the contents of urea nitrogen, triglyceride and malondialdehyde in groups B and C were lower than group A at 35 and 42 days old.
  • the growth performance of white feather broiler can reach normal level. At the same time, it can increase the serum total protein content of low protein group and reduce the content of urea nitrogen, triglyceride and malondialdehyde. This indicates that the addition of the feed additive of the present invention to the white feather broiler can improve the turnover of the protein in the blood, improve the utilization rate of the protein digestion of the body, and improve the antioxidant capacity of the body.
  • 160 healthy AA broilers with similar body weight were selected, which were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups A, B, C and D according to the principle of male-female ratio. Each treatment group was repeated 4 times, with 10 repetitions per treatment group. only. The average body weight of each group was 42.20 ⁇ 0.59, 41.25 ⁇ 0.55, 42.15 ⁇ 0.59, 42.00 ⁇ 1.29, and the difference between the groups was not significant (P>0.05).
  • Group A was fed with basal diet, and groups B, C and D were fed separately. The diets of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% of “Mu Xi Duo Duo” were added. The experiment was started in May 2010 and was carried out at the Xing Nong Building of the Experimental Building of Guangdong Ocean University. The test period was 42 days.
  • the additive premix can be supplied per kilogram of full price: VA 12500 IU; VD 3 3740 IU; VE 18.7 mg; VK 3 5.1 mg; VB 1 3.5 mg; VB 2 10.5 mg; VB 6 7.0 mg; VB 12 0.03 mg; 13.5 mg; niacin 60 mg; biotin 0.4 mg; folic acid 1.7 mg; choline chloride 500 mg; Fe 85 mg; Zn 55 mg; Mn 85 mg; Cu 8 mg.
  • the test chickens were kept in the same house, and the three-stage feeding method was adopted.
  • the chicken house and the surrounding environment and test equipment were thoroughly disinfected before the test.
  • the test chickens were raised on the Internet. Natural light and natural ventilation were used during the test period, and infrared lamps were used for heat preservation for 1 to 2 weeks. Free access to food, free drinking water, routine immunity.
  • the stocking density was 16/m2. Others are carried out in accordance with conventional feeding management procedures.
  • the test was started (1 day old), 2 weeks old, 4 weeks old, 6 weeks old, and 8:00 in the morning, weighed in a repeating unit, and the feed intake was recorded. Growth performance indicators such as individual body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed weight gain ratio were calculated. The results are shown in Table 13.
  • the rats were weighed in a repeating unit, and 4 rats in each group (1 per repeat unit) were routinely slaughtered to separate the stomach. Including the muscle stomach and glandular stomach, remove the contents), liver, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, weigh and calculate the relative weight of the organs, determine the length of each segment of the small intestine, and calculate the relative length of the intestine.
  • the slaughter performance indicators are shown in Table 14.
  • Relative weight of organs organ weight (g) / body weight (kg)
  • the body weights of Groups B, C, and D were all heavier than Group A at 14, 18, and 40 days of age.
  • the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of groups B, C and D were greater than those of group A at 1 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age, while materials from groups B, C and D were The weight ratio was smaller than that of 1 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age.
  • slaughter performance indicators are shown in Table 14:
  • Adding 0.1% by weight of the feed additive of the present invention to the white feather broiler diet has a certain promoting effect on the growth of AA chicken and the development of the small intestine. It is indicated that the feed additive of the invention promotes the growth and development of the small intestine, and improves the digestion and absorption capacity of the feed nutrients, including the feed protein, thereby promoting the growth and development of the broiler.

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Abstract

一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂及其制备方法与应用。所述饲料添加剂包含乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁及饲料级的载体。所述饲料添加剂的制备步骤如下：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得。

Description

一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于动物饲料添加剂领域，具体涉及一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂及其制法与应用。
背景技术
近年来，随着社会的快速发展，人们的生活水平得到了极大地提高和改善，对畜产品的需求量成倍增长，促使我国畜牧业和饲料工业的迅猛发展，同时也造成饲养畜禽所需要饲料原料资源，特别是蛋白质资源的紧张和短缺。据预测，2010年至2020年，我国蛋白质饲料的差额为2400万吨至4800万吨，饼粕类差额为2560万吨。动物生产的蛋白质平均值相当于全部精饲料资源总蛋白质的32％，按我国人均月摄入25g动物蛋白质换算成畜禽精饲料蛋白质计算，13亿人口一年需要3700万吨蛋白质。加之我国的饲料资源分布不平衡，玉米和豆粕主要集中在东北，而南方相对较缺乏；鱼粉和肉骨粉等在沿海地区和南方相对较丰富。动物屠宰加工下脚料比较分散，难以收集加工利用。长期以来，我国主要以豆粕作为蛋白饲料原料，造成豆粕供应日趋紧张，价格不定期上涨波动。由于过度捕捞，渔业资源受到破坏，鱼粉价格也在持续上涨。因此，蛋白质饲料资源短缺是我国畜牧业及饲料工业发展面临的主要问题。寻找降低饲料中蛋白质的添加量、节省蛋白质资源的方法，仍然是缓解我国蛋白质资源短缺的有效途径。
饲料营养物质是养殖动物维持生命和生产的物质基础，动物利用饲料中蛋白质的过程是：动物先采食饲料，饲料中蛋白质在消化道中通过多种方式降解为能吸收的小肽和氨基酸，水解的小肽和氨基酸吸收到血液中，动物利用吸收 到体内的氨基酸和小肽合成体蛋白、活性物质、脂肪、碳水化合物，或氧化供能。提高饲料蛋白质消化吸收利用率，既可节约饲料蛋白资源，减少养殖动物成本，又可降低动物粪尿中氮的含量，减少养殖业对环境污染。提高饲料蛋白质消化吸收利用率一直是动物营养专家及动物生产工作者追求的目标。提高饲料蛋白质消化吸收利用率的方法途径有：①改善消化道的消化环境，提高动物对蛋白质的降解能力；②改善消化道吸收状态，提高其吸收能力；③改善机体合成能力，尽可能把吸收到机体的小肽和氨基酸转化成体蛋白。
为提高饲料中养分的利用效率，节约蛋白质的使用量，可通过饲料添加剂的作用，改善动物对饲料的吸收效应。目前，已公开报道了一些相关的技术，如申请号为201310088655.4的中国专利公开了一种通过植物提取物及其它活性组分的复配，得到一种可提高猪免疫力和饲料养分利用率的复合饲料添加剂，该猪用饲料添加剂可提高饲料中养分的利用效率，降低生产成本，但组分复杂，制备成本较高。
目前的饲料添加剂普遍存在组分复杂、制备成本高、易产生药物残留、见效慢及饲料适口性差等缺点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，该饲料添加剂将有机酸和有机铁按照一定比例进行复配，通过联合作用，可提高配合饲料中蛋白质在畜禽体内的消化利用率，有效节约配合饲料中蛋白质饲料原料的使用量；
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的制备方法；
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的应 用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，包含以下重量计份的组分：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份。
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份；总重量计份100份，余量为载体。
优选的，所述载体为白炭黑、硅藻土、沸石粉、海泡石、膨润土、麦饭石、轻质碳酸钙、脱脂骨粉或贝壳粉中的一种以上；
更优选的，所述载体为白炭黑。
优选的，一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸6份，柠檬酸1.5份，富马酸亚铁0.15份，载体92.35份；所述载体为白炭黑。
上述具有可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中节约饲料蛋白质原料使用量的应用；
优选的，所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂在鸡类养殖中节约饲料蛋白质原料使用量的应用；
上述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的应用，优选方案为：在畜禽养殖中，每吨配合饲料添加0.5～2kg所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
本发明的原理为：
饲料中蛋白质原料的降解过程，是将大分子蛋白经过体内酶的分解，成为小分子物质，然后经过三羧酸循环(TCA)产生H，最后进入呼吸链，呼吸链将电子传递给O2产生水，同时通过偶联氧化磷酸化产生ATP，提供能量。由此 可以看出，提供能量的多少，在于产生H的数量，也就是三羧酸循环的效率。三羧酸循环是需氧动物生物体内普遍存在的代谢途径。该循环反应开始于乙酰COA与草酰乙酸缩合生成的含有三个羧基的柠檬酸，因此又称为柠檬酸循环。该循环经过两次脱羧基反应和四次脱氢反应，最终形成草酰乙酸，重新进入下一个循环。三羧酸循环是三大营养素(糖类、脂类、蛋白质)的最终代谢通路，也是糖类、脂类、氨基酸代谢联系枢纽，同时也是产生能量最快捷的途径。在蛋白质代谢中，动物饲料中的植物蛋白或动物蛋白，经过体内蛋白酶剪切，最终成为氨基酸，所以说蛋白质代谢也就是氨基酸的代谢。氨基酸和三羧酸循环中的部分产物通过脱氨基作用进行相互转化，从而完成氨基酸的最终代谢，产生ATP。可见三羧酸循环的快慢，直接影响氨基酸的代谢速度。柠檬酸作为三羧酸循环反应的第一个产物，对循环的进行有重要的调节作用。柠檬酸浓度的高低决定了三羧酸循环的速度，也决定了产生能量的速度。动物体内的净能包括维持净能和生产净能，在动物体重相同或相近时，维持净能不变，TCA循环产生的能量越多，就会有越多的能量转化为生产净能，用于增重或者产蛋。因为TCA循环是一直进行的，柠檬酸的添加，会使循环中柠檬酸的浓度在一定时间内维持稳定，换个角度讲，柠檬酸就像是“酶”，一直催化和促进着TCA循环的进行，使氨基酸不停进行代谢，产生更多的能量。所以提高体内TCA循环的速度，也就可以提高蛋白质类饲料原料的利用效率，从而降低配合饲料中蛋白含量，再辅以富马酸亚铁，加速动物体内血液流动和健康程度，使营养成分随血液尽快的运输到各个器官，进行营养成分的吸收和利用，有效节约蛋白原料的使用量。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
(1)本发明将乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁和载体混合配制成饲料添加剂，添加到畜禽养殖配合饲料中使用，在保证畜禽较好生产和生长性能的基础上，有效减少蛋白类饲料原料在畜禽配合饲料中的添加量，节约蛋白资源，节省配 方空间，降低配方成本。
(2)将重量比为0.1％的本发明所述饲料添加剂添加到配合饲料中，同时将肉鸡配合饲料的蛋白质重量含量降低1～2％，能取得和不降低蛋白质含量饲料相同的生产性能，并能改善鸡胴体品质，从而了节省饲料成本，提高饲养效益。
(3)本发明组分少，来源丰富，成本低，且制备工艺简单，应用效果显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸5重量份，柠檬酸1重量份，富马酸亚铁0.1重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加2kg所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
实施例2
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸8重量份，柠檬酸2重量份，富马酸亚铁0.2重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加0.5kg所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
实施例3
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸6重量份，柠檬酸1.5重量份，富马酸亚铁0.15重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
应用于畜禽养殖时，每吨配合饲料中的添加1kg所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
实施例4
一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其组成及含量如下：乳酸6重量份，柠檬酸1.5重量份，富马酸亚铁0.15重量份，总重量份100份，余量为白炭黑。
制备方法为：先称取乳酸和白炭黑进行载体吸附，再和柠檬酸、富马酸亚铁混合一起，搅拌充分混匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
实施例5
1目的
本发明所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂对AA鸡营养物质消化吸收的影响。
设计不同粗蛋白(CP)含量的鸡饲料配方，添加重量比为0.1％的本发明所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂。
2方案
2.1试验动物：
选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡(公母混合－科宝500)240只，随机分成5组，每 组6个重复单元，每重复单元8只。试验6周(42天)。
2.2试验方案
设计不同粗蛋白(CP)含量的鸡饲料配方，添加重量比为0.1％的实施例4制备的本发明所述具有减少环境污染效果的饲料添加剂(表中简称添加剂，下同)，如表1所示。
表1不同粗蛋白(CP)含量的饲料配方的试验方案
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000001
2.3基础日粮
各饲养时期基础日粮与营养水平的组分配方如表2所示：
表4基础日粮与营养水平(风干基础)％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000002
1、添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
2、粗蛋白为实测值，其他均为理论计算值。
3饲养管理
试验鸡饲养于同一鸡舍中，采用三阶段的饲养方式；1～2周龄红外线灯保温，三层笼养、自由采食、自由饮水、自然光照、常规免疫，饲养密度16只/m2。4测定指标与测定方法
4.1生长性能指标：
试验开始(1日龄)、14、28和42日龄，早上8:00时以重复单元为单位空腹称重，统计每重复单元的饲料消耗量。并时每天观察鸡的健康状态，有死亡的要登记死亡日期、体重及耗料量。计算平均日增重，平均日采食量，料重比等生长性能指标，结果如表3所示。
4.2屠宰测定
试验结束(42日龄)时，从每个组中随机抽取体重相近的肉仔鸡12只(每重复单元2只)，空腹称体重，然后按常规方法屠宰。测定屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率(右边)、腿肌率(右边)、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚，并测定胸肌和腿肌的熟肉率与滴水损失率，结果记录如表4所示。
屠宰率(％)＝屠体重/活重×100
半净膛率(％)＝半净膛/活重×100
全净膛率(％)＝全净膛重/活重×100
胸肌率(％)＝胸肌(右)重/全净膛重×100
腿肌率(％)＝腿肌(右)重/全净膛重×100
腹脂率(％)＝腹脂重/全净膛重×100
皮下脂肪厚：用游标卡尺测量尾椎前端、沿背侧正中线切开部位的皮肤与脂肪的厚度。
熟肉率：取胸肌、腿肌约50-100g(W1)，称其实际的重量，并标上标号牌。先将肉样放入铝锅中，放在2000w的电炉上水煮45分后捞出挂凉，15min后称 熟肉重(W2)，熟肉率(％)＝蒸后肉样重/蒸前肉样重×100。
滴水损失：取胸、腿肌约5g～10g(W1)，置于铁丝网上。在样品上覆盖塑料膜，放在冰箱中4℃恒温放置24h，再称量(W2)。称量两次取平均值。计算公式：滴水损失(％)＝(W1-W2)/W1×100％。
5结果
生长性能指标如表3所示：
表3.生长性能指标结果
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000003
注：同行上标字母完全不同者，表示差异显著(P<0.05)；含相同字母或未标字母者，表示差异不显著(P>0.05)，下同。
从表3可以看出，B和C组在14、28、42日龄的日增重、采食量都差异不显著，但三阶段的料重比明显低于或相近于A组，C组在28、42日龄料重比A组分别降低-0.059和-0.046。
屠宰指标的测定结果如表4所示：
表4.42日龄屠宰性能指标
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000004
从表4中可以看出，B、C和D组的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率与A组比均无明显的差异，且C组全净膛重、半净膛率和胸肌率都优于A组。B和C组的腹脂率低于A组，C、D组皮下脂肪厚度低于A组。B、C和D的胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失率明显低于A组。
6、结论
在AA肉鸡饲料中添加0.1％本发明所述饲料添加剂，同时减低饲料中重量比1％的蛋白含量，可取得很好的生长性能和屠宰性能，极大的降低了配方成本，节省配方空间。在生产实际中，值得大力推广应用。
实施例6
1试验对象、试验方案及基础日粮
选择25日龄“海南黄”(生长速度特慢型)肉仔鸡(公)100只，随机分成4组，每组5个重复单元，每重复单元5只。试验20天。测定肉仔鸡生长性能
各实验组粗蛋白(CP)含量及本发明所述饲料添加剂的饲料配方的试验方 案如表5所示。
表5.各实验组的饲养方案
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000005
日粮组成与营养水平如表6所示:
表6.基础日粮的组成与营养水平(风干基础)％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000006
添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
2试验结果
生长性能指标如表7所示：
表7.海南黄鸡生长性能指标结果
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000008
由表7可知，各日龄的体重、各日龄段的平均日增重、采食量及料重比，A、B、C和D组间差异不显著。
3结论
在25～45日龄海南黄鸡日粮中添加重量百分比0.1％的本发明所述饲料添加剂，日粮的粗蛋白降低1～2个百分点对其生长性能无影响。说明本发明所述饲料添加剂可提高饲料蛋白的消化吸收利用率，促进黄鸡的生长发育。
实施例7
1试验对象、试验方案、基础日粮及测定指标
选择28日龄白羽肉仔鸡180只。随机分成3组，每组6个重复单元，每重复单元10只。试验鸡同一鸡舍的三层式鸡笼饲养，自由采食，自由饮水，自然光照，常规免疫。饲养密度16只/m2。试验期2周。测定生长指标及血清生化指标。
各实验组粗蛋白(CP)含量及本发明所述饲料添加剂的饲料配方的试验方案如表8所示。
表8.各实验组的饲养方案
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000009
日粮组成与营养水平如表9所示：
表9.基础日粮的组成与营养水平(风干基础)％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000010
1、添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
2、粗蛋白为实测值，其他均为理论计算值。
在试验开始(28日龄)、35和42日龄早上8:00以重复单元为单位称重，统计每周的采食量，计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。并于35和42日龄称重后每组随机抽6只(每重复1只)翅静脉采血2～3mL，待凝固即离心取血清，-20℃保存备用。测定血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总固醇含量。
2试验结果
生长性能指标如表10所示：
表10.生长性能指标结果
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000012
从表10可以看出B和C组的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比与A组无显著差异。
血清生化指标检测结果如表11所示：
表11.血清生化指标结果
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000013
由表11可知，血清生化指标均在正常范围内。A、B和C组的葡萄糖、白蛋白和总胆固醇在35日和42日龄时组间差异不显著。B和C组的总蛋白在35和42日龄均高于A组，B和C组的尿素氮、甘油三酯和丙二醛含量在35和42日龄均低于A组。
3结论
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加重量百分比0.1％的本发明所述饲料添加剂，同时降 低日粮中1～2个百分点的粗蛋白，白羽肉鸡后期的生长性能可以达到正常水平。同时可提高低蛋白组的血清总蛋白的含量及降低尿素氮、甘油三酯和丙二醛含量。这说明白羽肉鸡中添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂可以提高蛋白在血液中的周转，提高机体对蛋白质的消化的利用率，提高了机体的抗氧化能力。
实施例8
1试验设计
选择健康、体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡160只，按公母比例一致的原则，随机分成A、B、C和D共4个处理组，每个处理组4个重复，每个重复10只。各组的平均体重为42.20±0.59，41.25±0.55，42.15±0.59，42.00±1.29，组间差异不显著(P>0.05)，A组饲喂基础日粮，B、C和D组分别饲喂添加0.1％、0.3％和0.5％“牧喜多”的日粮，试验于2010年5月开始，在广东海洋大学实验楼兴农楼进行，试验期为42d。
各饲养时期基础日粮组成与营养水平如表12所示：
表12.基础日粮组成与营养水平(风干基础)％重量
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000014
添加剂预混料可为每千克全价料提供:VA 12500IU；VD33740IU；VE 18.7mg；VK35.1mg；VB13.5mg；VB210.5mg；VB67.0mg；VB120.03mg；泛酸13.5mg；烟酸60mg；生 物素0.4mg；叶酸1.7mg；氯化胆碱500mg；Fe 85mg；Zn 55mg；Mn 85mg；Cu 8mg。
试验鸡饲养于同一鸡舍中，采用三阶段的饲养方式，试验前对鸡舍及周边环境、试验用具进行彻底消毒处理。试验鸡采用网上平养，试验期内采用自然光照和自然通风，在l～2周采用红外线灯保温。自由采食，自由饮水，常规免疫。饲养密度为16只/m2。其他按常规饲养管理程序进行。
试验开始(1日龄)、2周龄、4周龄、6周龄，早上8：00时以重复单元为单位空腹称重，记录饲料采食量。计算个体体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、耗料增重比等生长性能指标。结果如表13所示。
分别于试验2周龄、4周龄、6周龄，早上8:00以重复单元为单位空腹称重后，每组随机抽4只(每重复单元1只)常规法屠宰，分离出胃(包括肌胃和腺胃，去除其内容物)、肝脏、胰腺、十二指肠、空肠、回肠，称重并计算器官相对重量，测定小肠各段的长度，并计算肠相对长度。屠宰性能指标如表14所示。
器官相对重量(g/kg)＝器官重(g)/体重(kg)
肠相对长度(cm/kg)＝肠长(cm)/体重(kg)
屠宰性能指标测定结果如表14所示。
2试验结果
AA鸡的生长性能指标，结果如表13所示：
表13.AA鸡生长性能指标结果
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000016
由表13可知，B、C和D组的体重在14、18和40日龄时均重于A组。B、C和D组的平均日增重和平均日采食量在1～14、15～28、29～42和1～42日龄时均大于A组，而B、C和D组的料重比在1～14、15～28、29～42和1～42日龄时均小A组。
屠宰性能指标如表14所示：
表14.AA鸡的消化器官相对指数
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2014093546-appb-000018
从表14可看出，虽B、C和D组的器官指标与A组比均无显著差异，但B、C和D组十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数和全小肠指数均大于A组。
3结论
在白羽肉鸡日粮中添加重量百分比0.1％的本发明所述饲料添加剂，对AA鸡的生长及小肠的发育有一定的促进作用。说明本发明所述饲料添加剂通过改善小肠发育，提高饲料营养物质包括饲料蛋白质的消化吸收能力，从而促进肉鸡的生长发育。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其特征在于包含以下重量计份的组分：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份。
  2. 一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其特征在于由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸5～8份；柠檬酸1～2份；富马酸亚铁0.1～0.2份；总重量计份100份，余量为载体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述载体为白炭黑、硅藻土、沸石粉、海泡石、膨润土、麦饭石、轻质碳酸钙、脱脂骨粉或贝壳粉中的一种以上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其特征在于：所述载体为白炭黑。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂，其特征在于由以下重量计份的组分制备而成：乳酸6份，柠檬酸1.5份，富马酸亚铁0.15份，载体92.35份，总重量计份100份；所述载体为白炭黑。
  6. 一种根据权利要求3所述的可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：取乳酸和载体混合，进行载体吸附；再加入柠檬酸及富马酸亚铁，搅拌混合均匀，即得所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6任一项所述的可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中节约蛋白质原料使用量的应用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中节约蛋白质原料使用量的应用，其特征在于：所述畜禽养殖为鸡类养殖。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于：在畜禽养殖中，每吨配合饲料添加0.5～2kg所述可节约饲料蛋白质用量的饲料添加剂。
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