WO2015140415A1

WO2015140415A1 - Installation for producing energy in a marine environment

Info

Publication number: WO2015140415A1
Application number: PCT/FR2014/000042
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pierre-Armand Patin
Original assignee: Pierre-Armand Patin
Priority date: 2014-03-20
Filing date: 2014-03-20
Publication date: 2015-09-24

Abstract

Installation for converting renewable energy of a marine environment, comprising a first means (1) of converting the alternating movement of the swell into a torque that drives a first output shaft (20), at least a second means (3) for converting at least a second renewable energy into a torque that drives a second output shaft (30), and a means (4) of combining the torques applied to said output shafts in order to turn a control shaft (59) of a power generating device (G). According to the invention, the means (4) of combining the torques comprises a power adder device (4) comprising two co-axial driving shafts (41,42) slipped one inside the other these respectively being a central driving shaft (42) and a tubular driving shaft (41) respectively rotating as one with the output shafts (30, 20) of the two conversion means (3,1), and a driven shaft (48) centred on the same axis (15) as the driving shafts (41,42) and rotating as one with the control shaft (80) of the power generating device (G). The invention thus allows all of the forms of energy associated with the marine environment to be recuperated on one and the same site using installations which are highly compact with fairly low visual impact so that they can be distributed along a coastline.

Description

INSTALLATION OF ENERGY PRODUCTION IN A MARINE ENVIRONMENT

The invention relates to a plant for producing energy from renewable energy from the sea.

The expected depletion of fossil energy resources, the increase in their cost and the risks related to the exploitation of new deposits or nuclear energy, necessarily lead to the development, in the future, of the use of fossil fuels. of natural origin, renewable and low pollution.

However, the marine environment responds, at least near the coast, to such requirements, since swell, tides, currents and sea winds develop a considerable potential energy, free and renewable.

It has been proposed for a long time to convert the energy of waves or waves into usable energy by means of more or less complex machines generally comprising an oscillating member such as a float, subjected to reciprocating movement. ascending and descending, of the liquid surface and driving an input shaft of a device for producing mechanical or electrical power.

For example, US-A-1,385,083, published in 1921, describes a device of this type comprising two floats mounted at the ends of two articulated mounted arms, about a horizontal axis, on a fixed support and extending in opposite directions so as to be animated with reciprocating movements which are transformed by an inverting mechanism into a one-way rotational movement of an output shaft.

Studies in this direction have continued and other devices have been devised to recover wave energy. More recently, for example, US-A-3,928,967, has described a device called "Salter's Duck", in which the wave energy can be recovered by means of a series of moving parts subjected to movement. and transforming the water into an alternating rotation of a rotor member, provided with vanes and rotating in a stator to function as an alternative pump whose energy can be converted into usable energy.

However, the energy thus produced remains relatively low and, so far, such devices for converting wave motion have therefore not experienced any industrial development.

Moreover, from the Middle Ages, it had been the idea to build "tide mills" with driven impellers, through a system of valves, by the ebb and flow of the water filling a restraint at rising tide and emptying at tide.

Such a technique was taken up a few decades ago in a tidal power plant built in France and comprising a number of turbines placed in a dam and operating in both directions of flow and ebb. However, despite the excellent operation of this plant, such a technique has not developed because it is only valid in areas subject to high tidal range and, in addition, requires the construction of a dam in across a gulf or estuary serving as a reservoir of water, which may have disadvantages for the environment.

In practice, apart from this tidal power plant, the only marine energy used industrially so far has been that of wind and very large wind farms have been built, for this purpose, near the coast or in the open sea. It is therefore envisaged to develop this technique.

However, in order to benefit from sufficient and relatively regular winds, an industrial wind must be equipped with a propeller placed at a very high height, which may exceed a hundred meters above the ground, and having blades of very great length, of the order of 30 meters.

However, even with such dimensions, a wind turbine can produce a relatively small power, of the order of 2 or 3 MW. To obtain an appreciable power, a wind farm must therefore include a large number of wind turbines, which limits the possibilities of implantation because of the necessary floor space and nuisances to the environment. Along the coast, such wind farms can only be built in areas of low tourist interest, or built in the open sea, at a sufficient distance from the coast so as not to be too visible, which complicates the construction. and increases the cost. In addition, the transmission of electricity produced from wind turbines placed at sea, at a considerable distance from the coast, is quite difficult and leads to losses.

It therefore appears that, to recover industrially at least a portion of the energy from the sea, it has been planned, so far, only very important facilities, which can present serious disadvantages for the environment.

The object of the invention is, first of all, to remedy such problems by using, for the conversion of marine energy, very compact and therefore not very visible installations, which can thus be distributed along the coasts without significant impact on the environment, so that the possibility of multiplying such installations and adding the power supplied individually, makes it possible to make their construction and transport of the total energy thus produced profitable.

In addition, the installations carried out so far on the coasts or at sea exploit only the energy of the wind whereas other phenomena related to the marine environment, such as the swell or the currents, could also produce an important energy, free and renewable. According to another characteristic of the invention, it is therefore provided, in order to produce maximum power, to group together in one and the same installation a set of means making it possible to simultaneously exploit several energies related to the marine environment.

For this purpose, it has already been proposed, in document WO 2012/056482, to create, at the seaside, an installation comprising a wind turbine mounted on a fixed dock of great length, extending outwards, transversely to the shore , and carrying photovoltaic panels and a set of floats operated by the swell. Such an installation thus makes it possible to convert three types of energy but, as for wind farms, its importance limits the possibilities of implantation along the coasts, because of its impact on the environment. Moreover, such a system is not intended to provide industrially usable energy, but only to allow, near a beach, the recharging batteries of electric vehicles circulating, normally in town.

In another known installation, described in the document KR 2009 0107694, it is planned to mount, on the same vertical frame, three energy conversion means mechanically connected together to drive a generator, respectively a vertically oscillating float under the effect of the swell, a wind turbine and a tidal turbine powered by currents. The float controls, by means of a rack, the rotation, in the opposite direction, of two parallel shafts which, by means of an inverter, drive, in a single direction, a horizontal output shaft secured in rotation with a control shaft of a generator, via a device for adding the power of a wind turbine to that provided by the float. This addition device consists simply of a toothed wheel centered and rotatably mounted on said horizontal output shaft, and on which can be applied, by means of a bevel gear, the rotational torque of a shaft. vertical driven by the wind turbine. In addition, the tidal turbine placed at the lower part of the installation, also drives an output shaft secured in rotation, in opposite directions, with the two parallel shafts actuated by the float.

Such an installation makes it possible, therefore, to simultaneously convert the three types of energy produced, respectively, by swell, wind and currents, but the mechanical connection means between the three conversion means consist of simple gears arranged in series, which are not adapted to the inevitable variations of the powers provided at each moment, according to the circumstances.

In addition, the entire mechanism, comprising several horizontal shafts placed in the extension of each other, is very bulky and must, therefore, be placed at the top of the vertical frame in which the float moves, and which carries, equal- a wind turbine. Such a set may be too unstable to be mounted on a body floating on the surface of the water, to follow the movement of the tides.

The object of the invention is to provide a solution to all the problems that have just been exposed thanks to a new type of installation carrying means for converting at least two types of marine energy and remaining however, not very bulky so that several installations of this type, relatively little visible, can be distributed along a coast without significant impact on the environment, and are interconnected to provide a global power industrially usable.

The present invention therefore relates, in general, to a renewable energy conversion facility of a marine environment, comprising at least two conversion means of at least two types of renewable energy, mounted on the same frame carrier, respectively a first means for converting the reciprocating motion of the swell into a one-way rotational driving torque of a first output shaft, at least a second conversion means of at least one second renewable energy, in a rotational drive torque, about an axis, of at least a second output shaft, and a torque addition means applied to said first and second output shafts, for the drive in rotation of a control shaft of a power generating device.

According to the invention, the means for adding the torques applied to the output shafts of the two conversion means consists of at least one power summation device, comprising two coaxial driving shafts threaded one into the other. another, respectively a central driving shaft and a tubular driving shaft, secured in rotation, respectively, with the output shafts of the two conversion means, and a driven shaft centered on the same axis as the two driving shafts threaded one into the and to which is applied the sum of the rotational drive torques transmitted by said driving shafts, said driven shaft being secured in rotation with the input shaft of the power generating device.

In a preferred embodiment, the power summation device comprises a toothed ring geared in rotation and centered on the same axis as the driven shaft and at least one pair of planet gears centered and set in rotation on the same axis rotating in a axial bearing carried by one end of at least one arm forming a crank rotatably mounted on the central driving shaft, respectively a first planet gear meshing with a planet gear planar and set in rotation on the tubular drive shaft and a second gear a satellite meshing with the ring gear for driving in rotation the driven shaft under the action of the rotational torques applied by the two conversion means, respectively, on the tubular driving shaft and on the central driving shaft, and whose powers are added. According to another preferred feature, the central driving shaft of the summing device is rotated by the second energy conversion means and the tubular drive shaft threaded onto the central driving shaft is rotated by the first conversion means. the energy of the swell.

In addition, the driven shaft of the summing device is advantageously secured in rotation with the control shaft of the power generating device by means of a speed multiplier mechanism. Preferably, this mechanism drives the power generating device by a mechanical connection comprising two flywheels rotating in opposite directions and connected by an inverter mechanism.

Particularly advantageously, the output shafts of the energy conversion means, the driving shafts and the driven shaft of the power summation device, as well as the means for transmitting the torques are centered on the same axis of rotation.

In a preferred embodiment for further reducing the size of the installation, the first output shaft driven in rotation by the inverter mechanism is a tubular shaft centered on a vertical axis on which is also centered the second output shaft, as well as the tubular driving shaft and the central shaft of the summing device, threaded into each other, which are placed in the extension, respectively, of said first and second output shafts, respectively of the first and second means of conversion.

Preferably, the reversing mechanism is also centered on this axis and is housed in a hollow housing placed at the upper part of a casing applied and fixed on an upper face of the support frame and in which is housed the entire mechanism of conversion. When the second conversion means is a wind turbine, the output shaft thereof is rotatably mounted about the same vertical axis in an axial guide bearing carried by an upper face of said housing.

According to another preferred feature, the output shaft of at least a second conversion means is supported on the support frame by means of a freewheel allowing the rotation of said output shaft in a single direction of application. a driving torque on the corresponding driving shaft of the summing device and prohibiting rotation in the opposite direction under the action of the summing device, in the case where the rotational driving torque applied by the second conversion means, becomes less than the resistive torque applied by the power generating device on the driven shaft of the summing device.

In general, it is particularly advantageous to use, for the conversion of wave energy, a wave energy device of the type comprising at least one float animated with a reciprocating movement ascending and descending under the action of the swell and kinematically connected to a first output shaft via an inverter mechanism to rotate said first output shaft in a single direction of rotation.

As noted above, a device of this type had been described, for example, in KR 2009 0107694. In this case, however, the entire conversion mechanism is placed horizontally above the support frame and such an arrangement is quite bulky and relatively unstable.

The inventor therefore had the idea, in order to avoid such drawbacks, to use an older arrangement, of the type described in document US 1385083, in which the mechanism is driven by two floats mounted at the ends of two articulated arms. extending to the surface of the water. Such an arrangement is, in fact, less cumbersome and more stable.

However, the direction of swell and waves can vary, especially along the coast. However, if a wind turbine can easily be oriented according to the direction of the wind, it is not the same for such a wave-powered oscillating arm device.

Therefore, in a preferred embodiment to benefit from the maximum amplitude of the waves, the first wave energy conversion means comprises at least three arms each carrying a float at one end and mounted articulated, at their other end, on a support, said arms extending radially in at least three directions distributed in a star around a substantially vertical central axis of the support and being mounted oscillating about intersecting axes of articulation passing through said central axis; . In this case, the reversing mechanism comprises a main gear with conical teeth, driving in rotation of a first output shaft and, for each of the arms, a pair of two opposite conical gears meshing with the conical toothing of the wheel. main and rotationally fixed, each in one direction, with said arm, said pairs of bevel gears overlapping so that their axes of rotation are arranged in a star around the axis of the main wheel and all the gears are evenly distributed along its conical teeth.

According to another characteristic of the invention, such arrangements make it possible, while keeping the compactness of the entire mechanism, to mount three conversion means on one and the same support frame, respectively a water-wave device at the level of the water, rotating a first output shaft, a wind turbine placed above the water, rotating a second output shaft, and a tidal turbine immersed in the water, rotating a third output shaft, these three shafts. output being centered on the same vertical axis, the installation comprising, then, two summing devices in order to add to each other the drive torques applied respectively on said output shafts, by the wave energy device, the wind turbine and the tidal turbine.

In this case, the first summing device comprises two driving shafts fixed in rotation, respectively, with the output shafts, respectively, of the first and second conversion means and a driven shaft, and the second summing device comprises a first integral drive shaft. in rotation with the driven shaft of the first summing device, a second driving shaft secured in rotation with the third output shaft of the third energy conversion means, and a driven shaft controlling the rotation of the control shaft of the generating device power.

But the invention will be better understood by the detailed description of some preferred embodiments, given by way of example and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the assembly of an installation, in a first embodiment of the invention comprising two energy conversion means.

Figure 2 is a top view of a wave-powered device with three swing arms.

Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of the assembly of the mechanism of an installation comprising a six-armed wave device and a not shown wind turbine.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an installation comprising a six-arm new-motor device, a wind turbine and a tidal turbine.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the assembly of an installation comprising three means of energy conversion.

Figure 6 is an axial sectional view of the entire mechanism of an installation comprising three conversion means.

FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows, in a first embodiment, the assembly of an installation according to the invention comprising two means for converting the marine energy, respectively a first conversion means 1, such as a device for recovering the energy produced by the periodic movement of the swell, associated with an inverter mechanism 2 controlling the rotation, in one direction only, of a first output shaft 20, and a second conversion means 3, such as a wind turbine, controlling the rotation of a second output shaft 30. The couples applied to the two output shafts 20,30, are added by a power summing device 4 having a first driving shaft 41 driven by the first shaft 20, a second drive shaft 42 driven by the second output shaft 30, and a driven shaft 48 which drives a control shaft 80 of a power generating device G, via a multiplier mechanism. speedometer 5.

As shown in Figure 1, all these devices, as well as the torque transmission mechanisms, are centered on the same axis 15 and are supported by a single support frame M which, to simplify the drawing, is symbolized by hatched rectangles.

In general, a wave-type device of the type comprising at least one animated oscillating member, at the passage of a wave, an upward and downward reciprocating movement and kinematically connected to an output shaft via a vibrating device is used. an inverter mechanism.

This wave energy device 1 is of the type described in document US-A-1, 385,083, comprising at least one arm articulated at one end on a fixed support and carrying, at its other end, a float (not shown) which controls an oscillation periodically of said arm, alternately upwards and downwards, under the effect of the periodically ascending and descending movement of the liquid surface.

In the preferred embodiment diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1, each oscillating arm 11 forms a fork having two spaced apart branches 110, 1 ', rotatably mounted about an articulation axis χ', χ, on the frame of FIG. support M, and the oscillation movement of the arm is converted into a one-way rotational driving torque of the first output shaft 20, by an inverter mechanism 2 placed between the two spaced branches 110, 110 'and comprising a conical gear 21 centered on the shaft 20 and on which meshes, in two diametrically opposed zones, two bevel gears 22,22 'rotating around aligned shafts 23,23', centered on the hinge axis χ ' , χ and can be secured in rotation, each in one direction, by freewheels or ratchet devices, respectively with each of the two branches 110,1 10 ', of the oscillating arm which thus applies, during its oscillation movements , a couple of rotation, in one direction, on the wheel 21 and the output shaft 20.

This relatively simple arrangement makes it possible to drive a generatrix G, but the energy recovered depends on the amplitude of the oscillation movements which themselves depend on the height of the waves and, consequently, on their direction of movement relative to to the direction of the arms. To benefit from a maximum amplitude, it would therefore be necessary for the oscillating arms to always be oriented perpendicular to the ridge of the waves.

But the direction of wave movement depends on many factors such as the direction of the winds and currents and the profile of the bottom and the coast, especially near it.

In the case of a submerged device with oscillating arms it would be too complex and expensive to modify the orientation of the arms depending on the direction of the waves, as is done for the propeller of a wind turbine. So we can simply choose this orientation in depending on a dominant direction on the site, which decreases the energy conversion efficiency of the waves, when they come from another direction.

Therefore, according to another particularly advantageous feature of the invention, the wave energy device, shown in plan view in Figure 2, comprises at least three oscillating arms each carrying a float and extending radially in at least three directions offset angularly 120 ° and intersecting on a vertical central axis of the support.

Indeed, thanks to this star arrangement of the oscillating arms and the distribution of the floats around the axis, it is possible to recover, at each moment, a maximum energy, whatever the orientation of the swell.

In this case, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, the three oscillating arms 1 1a, 11b, 1c are rotatably mounted, respectively, on three horizontal shafts centered on intersecting axes 10a, 10b, 10c, crossing one axis central 15 of the support M. Each of the arms 11 has a fork-shaped end having two spaced branches 1 10,1 10 'articulated, respectively, on two half-shafts 13a, 13'a, 13b, 13'b, 13c, 13'c, which respectively extend outwards, on either side of the central axis 15, between a central piece forming a fixed support nut 17 and a bearing 16.16 '' of centering of the branch corresponding to the oscillating arm 11. Each half-shaft 13,13 ', is, therefore, carried at its inner end by the fixed support nut 17 and, at its other end, by a support piece 14,14' carried by the fixed support M.

The reversing mechanism 2 diagrammatically shown in plan view in FIG. 2 comprises a main gear 21 with conical teeth, centered on a shaft 20 rotatably mounted around the vertical central axis 15 and on which meshes with each arm a pair of two diametrically opposed bevel gears 22, 22 ', which can be rotated in opposite directions, one by the upward movement of the arm 11 and the other by the downward movement, so as to apply a torque rotation in one direction on the main wheel 21, the shaft 20 constitutes the output shaft of the conversion device 1.

To allow this conversion of the oscillating movement of each arm into a torque applied in opposite directions on the two associated pinions, placed face to face, each of said pinions 22, 22 'is mounted at an inner end of a shaft. tubular sleeve-shaped 23,23 ', which is threaded and rotatably mounted about the axis 10, on the outer portion of the corresponding half-shaft 13,13', by means of a centering bearing 16, 16 comprising two elements that can be secured in rotation, in one direction, by a freewheel, respectively, an outer member rotatably integral with the corresponding arm 110,1 0 'of the arm 11 and an inner element centered and rotatably mounted on the tubular shaft 23,23 'of the bevel gear 22,22'. So, during the movement ascending a float, for example A, one of the branches 1 10a of the arm 1 1a can control the rotation in a first direction of the pinion 22a and, during the downward movement, the other arm 110'a controls the rotation, in the opposite direction, pinion 22'a diametrically opposite. The two pinions 22a, 22'a thus apply on the shaft 20 of the main wheel 21, a torque in the same direction about its axis 15.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the three pairs of bevel gears associated respectively with the three arms 11a, 11b, 11c, overlap so that the six gears 22a, 22'c, 22b respectively , 22'a, 22c, 22'b, associated alternately with each of the arms, are regularly distributed, at the vertices of a hexagon, along the conical circular toothing of the main wheel 2. Thus, the energy resulting from the independent oscillations of the three arms can be converted into three torques applied at each moment on the output shaft 20 of the device and whose effects are added.

The distribution, around the central axis 15, floats A, B, C and the star arrangement of the three support arms 11a, 11b, 11c, which oscillate independently of one another under the effect of the swell, allows, whatever the orientation of this one, to recover, at every moment, a maximum energy.

But the efficiency of the device can be further improved by increasing the number of floats and oscillating arms distributed in a star around the central axis 15. For this, it is particularly advantageous to use an even number of floats and carrying arms which can then be aligned and articulated in pairs on the same oscillation shaft, extending in diametrically opposite directions.

FIG. 3, for example, is a view in axial section of the assembly of the conversion mechanism of an installation comprising a six-armed wave-powered device, of the type shown in perspective in FIG. 4. FIG. two conversion means, respectively a wave energy device and a wind turbine, while the installation of Figure 4, which will be described later, further comprises a tidal turbine, but the power wave devices are the same.

As shown in FIG. 4, this wave energy device therefore comprises six floats A, B, C, D, E, F, mounted at the ends of six arms extending in a star, which are articulated about horizontal axes on the frame of FIG. fixed support constituted, in this case, a chest or a buoy 6, connected to the bottom so as to follow large level variations of level due to tides, remaining, however, relatively fixed with respect to the waves.

Each of the floats is carried at the end of an oscillating arm 11 comprising, in this embodiment, two substantially parallel parts, respectively a lower lateral holding portion 11, hinged about a horizontal axis 1 12, on the support buoy 6, and an upper portion 110 driving the output shaft 20 of the inverter mechanism 2 of the conversion device 1. As before, the parts upper three arms 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, form articulated double-spoke forks, respectively, on three axes of oscillation 10a, 10b, 10c, which intersect on the vertical central axis 15 of the inverter mechanism 2.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, to allow the independent oscillations of the support arms 11, without interference, branches that intersect around the inverter mechanism 2, the hinge end of the branch 1 10 placed on the left each arm 1 1, looking at the central axis 15 is bent upwards, while the end of the right leg 1 10 'is bent downwards. Thus, the left arm 1 10a of the arm 11a passes over the right arm 110'f of the adjacent arm 11f, while the right arm 110'a passes below the left arm 110b of the arm 11b.

The reversing mechanism 2 is of the type shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 and 2 and therefore comprises, for each fork-shaped arm 11, two bevel gears 22, 22 ', centered on a horizontal axis of oscillation and driven in the opposite direction, which meshes with a main gear with conical teeth 21 for driving the output shaft 20 of the inverter 2.

In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 3, which is a sectional view through a vertical plane passing through the common axis of articulation 10a of the two aligned arms 11a and 11d, the branches 110a, 1 10'a and 1 10d, 110'd of the two arms are interleaved so that their bearings 16, 16 'can be threaded side by side on each of the two parts of a common oscillation shaft extending, respectively, on both sides. another of a housing 7 fixed rigidly on an upper face 60 of the support buoy 6, and whose upper part forms a hollow housing 70 in which is housed the inverter mechanism 2. The bearings 16'd and 16a, placed on the left of the housing 70 in Figure 3, are carried by the outer portion of the half-shaft 13a, the bearings 16d and 16'a, placed on the right, being carried by the outer portion of the half shaft 13'a.

Similarly, each pair of arms such as 1 1a, 1 1d, controls the rotation of two opposite conical bevel gears 22a, 22'a, meshing with the main gear wheel 21. As in the case of the three-arm device shown in FIG. 2, the six pinions 22a, 22'c, 22b, 22'a, 22c, 22'b, associated alternately with each pair of arms, are nested so as to be evenly distributed along the conical toothing of the main wheel 21 .

Advantageously, each of the six half-shafts 13, 13 'distributed in a star around the central axis 15, extends cantilevered from the housing 70, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to facilitate assembly. arms and clear the space around the inverter mechanism 2.

For this purpose, the inner end of each of the half-shafts 13, 13 'is embedded in a fixed support nut 17 which is housed in the hollow housing 70 and is dimensioned by so as to arrange, inside thereof, a flat lower space in which extends horizontally the main gear 21 of the inverter 2 and an annular space in which are placed vertically, one next to the the other, the six bevel gears 22a, 22'c, 22b, 22'a, 22c, 22'b distributed in a circle around the support nut 17 which is centered on the vertical axis 5.

As before, each of the bevel gears 22, 22 'is mounted at an inner end of a tubular shaft 23, 23' which, as shown in FIG. 3, has a sleeve-like extension rotatably mounted around the axis 10, on the outer part of the half-shaft 13,13 'and extending radially over the length necessary to carry two bearings placed side by side such that, in Figure 3, the bearings 16a, 16'd and 16'a, 16d, two arms aligned 11a, 11d.

As shown in Figure 3, each of said bearings 16 comprises an outer member 161 rotatably mounted on the corresponding arm of the arm 1 1, an inner member 162 set in rotation on the tubular shaft 23,23 'of the pinion 22,22' , and a freewheel 160 for fastening in rotation, in one direction, of said branch of the arm with the corresponding tubular shaft. To allow mounting, the internal ring-shaped element 162 is threaded onto the outer part of the tubular shaft 23 which is provided with a groove in which a corresponding projecting portion of the ring 162 slides.

In this way, the freewheels 160 of each pair of bearings placed side by side on the same half-shaft 23, drive it in the same direction, so that the corresponding arms act, one during a movement ascending and the other, in the downward direction, and vice versa for the half-shaft 23 'extending from the other side of the housing 70.

As the corresponding pinions 22,22 'are mounted face to face, they both drive the horizontal wheel 21 in the same direction. Each pair of aligned arms ascending and descending during the passage of a wave, therefore permanently applies a torque to the main drive wheel 21 of the output shaft 20.

As previously, it results from the star arrangement of the six arms around the central axis 15, that at each moment, one of the pairs of aligned arms is well oriented and benefits from the maximum amplitude of the waves, while the other two pairs of arms receive a lesser but not insignificant energy. The three pairs of gears 22a, 22'a, 22b, 22'b, 22c, 22'c are therefore actuated simultaneously, each by the pair of corresponding aligned arms, and their effects are added at each moment because of their distribution. along the circular toothing of the main wheel 21. The invention thus optimally recovering the potential energy of the waves, whatever their orientation. However, in order to increase the conversion efficiency of all the energy developed on the site, the installation according to the invention, represented diagrammatically in FIG. 1, makes it possible to add to the energy produced by waves, at least a second energy produced, for example, by a wind turbine.

Indeed, as has been shown, in perspective, in FIG. 4, a wind turbine 3 can also be placed above the wave energy device constituting the first wave energy conversion means 1 and the rotational torque as well. obtained can also be applied to the inverter mechanism 2 housed, as indicated above, in the hollow housing 70 formed in the upper part of the rigid casing 7 in which is mounted the entire conversion mechanism and which is applied and fixed on an upper face 60 of the support frame 6.

This wind turbine 3 controls the rotation of a vertical output shaft 30 which, according to one of the features of the invention, is centered on the vertical axis 15 of the inverter 2. The lower end of this shaft 30 is rotatably mounted in an axial guide bearing 72 carried by the upper face 71 of the housing 70, and is embedded in the upper end of a central rotating shaft through, as shown in Figure 3, all of the conversion mechanism which will now be described in detail.

To add the power recovered by the wind turbine 3 to that of the waves, recovered by the wave-forming device 1, a power summation device 4 is used according to the invention comprising two driving shafts 41, 42 driven in rotation around the central axis 15, respectively, by the output shaft 20 of the wave energy device 1 and the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine 3. In addition, to reduce the overall height of the device, the two drive shafts 41, 42 are threaded into each other.

For this purpose, as shown schematically in the figure, the first drive shaft 41 of the summator 4 forms a tubular bushing extending in the extension of the output shaft 20 of the inverter 2, also tubular, and the assembly is rotatably mounted around the central axis 15, on a central shaft constituting the second driving shaft 42 of the power summing unit 4, which extends in the extension of the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine and is rotationally secured with this one.

The summing device 4 comprises, particularly advantageously, at least one pair of planet gears 43a, 43b, centered and set in rotation on the same axis rotating in a bearing 44 carried at the end of at least one arm 45 forming a crank rotatably mounted on the second drive shaft 42, respectively a first pinion 43a meshing with a sun gear 46 centered and rotatably wedged on the tubular shaft 41 constituting the first drive shaft, and a second sun gear 43b meshing with the internal toothing circular ring of a ring 47 centered and set in rotation, about the central axis 15, on an output shaft 48 rotating in a bearing 61 carried by the fixed support M, and constituting the driven shaft of the summing device 4, on which is thus applied a global torque of rotation corresponding to the sum of the torques applied, respectively, by the houlomoteurl device on the first output shaft 20 and by the wind turbine 3, on the second output shaft 30.

Such summing device, which operates in the manner of a differential, makes it possible to add the rotational torques applied, respectively, to the driving shafts 41, 42, by applying, on the driven shaft 48, a global torque of rotation adapted, at any moment, to the variations of the rotational speeds of the corresponding output shafts 20, 30, of the wave-forming device 2 and of the wind turbine 3. It is thus possible to drive, for example, an electric generator G, by way of intermediate of a speed multiplier 5.

As is schematically shown in FIG. 1, this speed multiplier 5 is preferably of the type comprising an input shaft 50, centered on the axis 15, constituting an extension of the driven shaft 48 of the summator 4 and carried by the bearing 61 thereof, and on which is wedged at least one arm 53a forming a first crank, at the end of which is rotatably mounted a first pinion 52a which meshes, on the one hand with a first central pinion smaller diameter 54a and, secondly, with the internal toothing of a fixed ring of large diameter 51. The first central pinion 54a is keyed on an intermediate shaft 55, tubular, which is threaded and rotatably mounted, around of the central axis 15, on a central shaft 59 rotating itself, around the central axis 15, in a fixed bearing 62. On this intermediate shaft 55 is locked in rotation a second crank 53b, at the end of which is rotatably mounted, about its axis, a cond pinion 52b meshing, on the one hand with the internal toothing of the fixed ring 51 and on the other hand, with a second central pinion 54b of smaller diameter centered and set in rotation on the central shaft 59 which is therefore the output shaft of the multiplier 5 and can thus drive the control shaft 80 of a generator G at a speed multiplied with respect to that of the output shaft 48 of the summing device 4.

By increasing the number of planet gears, it is possible, in successive stages, to multiply this rotation speed several times in order to drive the generator G at a sufficient speed.

In the preferred embodiment shown in detail in FIG. 3, the upper end of the second driving shaft 42 of the summator 4 is embedded in the lower end of the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine and the assembly is mounted. rotating, about the axis 15, on the upper part of the housing 70, by means of an axial bearing 72 which, for the reasons indicated below, is advantageously associated with a free wheel for securing in rotation the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine with the driving shaft 42 of the summator 4 in a single direction of application of the torque supplied by the wind turbine 3. On this second drive shaft 42, centered on the axis 15, is threaded and rotatably mounted, via an axial bearing 31, a tubular shaft 41 which constitutes the first driving shaft of the summator 4 and is itself , threaded and wedged in rotation, by grooves, in the tubular shaft 20 of the inverter 2. The assembly thus formed by the two tubular shafts 41, 20 is rotatably mounted about the central axis 15 in an axial guide bearing 73 carried by the bottom 74 of the housing 70 fixed to the upper part of the casing 7.

The summing device 4 is thus centered on the second drive shaft 42 which is an extension of the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine and is rotatably mounted around the axis 15, via the bearing 72, on the upper portion 71 of the housing 70 and, through the bearings 31 and 73, on the bottom 74 thereof.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the summator 4 comprises two opposite cranks 45, 45 ', set at the lower end of the central shaft 42, and each carrying a pair of pinions 43a, 43b, which mesh symmetrically, respectively, with the sun gear 46 fixed to the lower part of the tubular driving shaft 41, and with the inner ring gear 47 centered and fixed on the upper part of the tubular driven shaft 48 of the summator 4.

The speed multiplier 5 is of the type shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 and comprises two stages of cranks extending in opposite directions and set respectively on the input shaft 50 and on an intermediate shaft 55. The shaft input 50 forms a cylindrical sleeve threaded into the driven shaft 48, also in the form of a socket, of the summator 4, and secured in rotation therewith. The set of two tubular shafts 50, 48 threaded one into the other, is rotatably mounted, via an axial bearing 61, on the upper part of a central shaft which constitutes the output shaft. 59 of the multiplier mechanism 5, extending over the entire height thereof, and on which is also threaded the intermediate shaft 55 carrying the second crank stage ..

The upper end of this central shaft 59 is threaded and rotatably mounted about the axis 15, via an axial bearing, in a lower portion 49, in the form of a hollow sleeve, of the central driving shaft 42. of the summator 4, and its lower end is recessed and wedged in rotation, in an upper portion 81, in the form of a hollow bush, of the control shaft 80 of the generator G, which is itself guided in a bearing axial holding device 65 mounted in the center of a central partition 75 of the housing 7, so that the assembly behaves as a single centering shaft. At its lower end 82, the control shaft 80 is held by an axial guide bearing 65 mounted in the center of the bottom 78 of the housing 7..

This casing 7, in which the assembly of the conversion mechanism is mounted, comprises three superimposed parts, centered on the vertical axis 15 and rigidly fixed to one another. on the other, respectively, an upper part forming the hollow housing 70 in which is housed the inverter 2, a central portion 76 in which are housed the two superimposing summation 4 and speed multiplication mechanisms 5, and a lower part 77 fixed rigidly on the upper face 60 of the fixed support 6 and containing the generator G.

As shown in Figure 3, the driving shaft 42 carrying the inverter 2 and the summator 4, the shaft 59 of the speed multiplier 5 and the shaft 80 of the generator 8, which are embedded at their ends, behave as a single shaft for centering the assembly of the mechanism on the vertical axis 15, maintained by four spaced apart axial guide bearings, respectively the two bearings 72 and 73 bearing on the housing 70, a central bearing 62 bearing on the middle partition 74 and a lower bearing 65 bearing on the bottom 78 of the housing 7.

It should be noted, on the other hand, that the mounting of the inverter 2 and the summator 4 on tubular shafts threaded into each other and centered on a vertical axis 15 can significantly reduce the overall size of the assembly. conversion mechanism and housed in a housing whose height may be of the same order as the oscillating arms 1 of the wave energy device.

The installation shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 thus makes it possible, with a reduced space requirement, to take advantage, not only of the wave energy recovered by the wave energy device, but also of the energy of the winds which blow fairly regularly along ribs, in order to produce, for example, electrical energy.

However, for the proper operation of the power summing device, the input torque applied by the wind turbine 3 to the driving shaft 42 and the arm 45 driving the planet gears must be greater than the resistant torque applied to the driven shaft 48 by the generator G. In case of insufficient wind, the wind turbine 3 could be driven in rotation, by the wave-forming device 1, in the opposite direction to that resulting from the action of the wind. To avoid such a risk, it is therefore preferable that the shaft 30 of the wind turbine 3 is secured in rotation only in one direction with the central driving shaft 42 of the summator 4, by means of a freewheel associated with the bearing 72 of centering on the axis 15, to prevent a rotation in the opposite direction of the helix.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described by way of example and covers all variants using equivalent means and remaining in the same protective frame.

In particular, the power summation device, as well as the other drive torque transmission members could be of a different type. Similarly, the mounting of the installation on a trunk or buoy 6, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, to follow the large amplitude variations of the water level but the installation could also be placed on a fixed support mass in areas with low tides and when the depth of the bottom allows it.

Moreover, it is particularly interesting to associate a wind turbine with the wave energy device, but other energies related to the marine environment could be recovered, for example that of the currents which, in certain zones, can be quite strong.

FIG. 4 therefore shows, in perspective, an installation comprising three superimposed conversion means centered on the same vertical axis, respectively a hula-motor device with articulated arms 1 at the level of the water, a wind turbine 3 above it, in order to to recover the energy of the winds and, beneath, a H water turbine immersed in the water in order to recover the energy of the currents.

In this case, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, the water turbine H drives a control shaft 90 also centered on the axis 15 of the entire mechanism which comprises, in this case, a second summing device 9 placed between the first summator 4 and the multiplier 5.

This second summator 9 thus comprises a first driving shaft 91 secured in rotation with the driven shaft 48 of the first summator 4, a driven shaft 98 secured in rotation with the input shaft 50 of the speed multiplier 5, and a second shaft The two drive shafts 91, 92 being directed in opposite directions, the driven shaft 98, which rotates in a fixed axial bearing 61 'carried by the drive shaft 92, rotatably connected with the output shaft 90 of the H-turbine. fixed support M, forms a tubular sleeve threaded on the second drive shaft 92 and the latter is extended by a central shaft 92 'which passes axially through the generatrix G and the speed multiplier 5, in order to be secured in rotation, at its end opposite, with the output shaft 90 of the tidal turbine H.

As in the case of the first summer 4, this second driving shaft 92, which extends downwards, carries at least one crank 95 at the end of which are rotatably mounted around a same axis 94, at least one pair of planet gears 93a, 93b.

The first planet gear 93a meshes with a planet gear 96 centered and set in rotation on the first driving shaft 91 which extends in the extension of the driven shaft 48 of the first summator 4, while the second planet gear 93b meshes with the internal circular toothing of a ring 97 centered on the axis 15 and set in rotation on the tubular bushing constituting, on one side, the driven shaft 98 of the second summator 9 and on the other, the input shaft 50 of the speed multiplier 5. The latter is constituted in the same way as above, but its output shaft 59, carried by the bearing 62, is also shaped hollow cylinder to allow the passage of the central shaft 92 ' .

Similarly, the control shaft 80 of the generatrix G forms a tubular bushing centered on the axis 15 of the mechanism and slipped on the central shaft 92 'which passes through, successively, the speed multiplier 5 and the generatrix G, to be secured in rotation, at its lower end, with the output shaft 90 of the tidal turbine H.

Thus, thanks to the two summing devices 4 and 9, the driving torques applied, respectively, on the shaft 20 by the wave-forming device 1, on the shaft 30 by the wind turbine 3 and on the shaft 90 by the H may be added to each other to drive the control shaft 80 of the generator 8.

However, to balance the applied torques, it is particularly advantageous to mount, respectively on the output shaft 59 of the multiplier 5 and on the control shaft 80 of the generator G, two flywheels 63, 63 'connected by an inverter 64, in order to turn in opposite directions from each other.

FIG. 6 shows, in axial section, a preferred embodiment of the entire conversion mechanism, in the case of an installation comprising three energy conversion means, of the type shown schematically in FIG. 5.

As previously, the wave energy device, shown in perspective in FIG. 4, advantageously comprises six oscillating arms aligned in pairs and mounted articulated on six half-shafts 23a, 23'a, 23b, 23'b, 23c, 23'c worn. by a housing 70 containing the inverter mechanism 2 and fixed to the upper part of a rigid casing 70 fixed on a fixed support 6 such as a box or a buoy, and in which is housed the entire conversion mechanism of energy. In this case, however, the casing 7 has four superimposed compartments containing, respectively, the first summator 4, the second summator 9, the speed multiplier 5 and the generator G. All these members are rotatably mounted around the vertical axis 15, on a succession of aligned shafts, recessed at their ends so as to behave as a single centering shaft held by axial guide bearings spaced from each other and borne, respectively, by intermediate partition walls between the different compartments of the housing 7.

The upper part of the mechanism, comprising the inverter 2 and the first summator 4, which adds the torques applied to the output shafts, respectively, of the wave-forming device 1, and of the wind turbine 3, is similar to that which has described above with reference to FIG.

Similarly, the second summer 9 is similar to the first summer 4 and therefore comprises a first driving shaft 91 driving a sun gear 96, a second driving shaft 92 carrying two opposite cranks 95 and a driven shaft 98 which drives the speed multiplier 5.

The sun gear 96 is centered and rotated on the base of the first drive shaft 91 which forms a tubular sleeve threaded and rotatably wedged by grooves in the tubular driven shaft 48 of the first summer 4, which is held externally. by a bearing 83 'mounted in the center of a first intermediate partition 75a. On the other hand, this first tubular drive shaft 91 is threaded and rotatably mounted, via a stack of bearings 81 for axial guidance, on the upper part of the second drive shaft 92 which is, itself, embedded and rotatably mounted axially, by means of a bearing 84, in the lower end, in the form of a hollow bush 49, of the second driving shaft 42 of the first summator 4.

As indicated above, the second driving shaft 92, which carries two opposite cranks 95 extending below the sun gear 96, is extended downward by a central shaft 92 'which passes through the speed multiplier 5 and the generator G.

As previously, the input shaft 50 of the multiplier 5 forms a tubular bushing which, on the one hand, is threaded and rotatably wedged into the tubular output shaft 98 of the second summator 9 and, on the other hand, is threaded and rotatably mounted, via stacked bearings 85, on the central shaft 92 '. In addition, this tubular output shaft 98 is held externally by an axial guide bearing 86 mounted in the center of a second intermediate partition 75b.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the speed multiplier 5 advantageously comprises at least two crank stages, respectively a first stage 53a rotatably mounted on the input shaft 50 of the multiplier 5 and a second stage 53b , rotatably mounted on an intermediate shaft 55. These two shafts 50,55 for driving the cranks 53a, 53b, both have a tubular shape and are threaded and mounted rotatably, via a stack of axial guide bearings 85 on the central shaft 92 '. At the ends of the cranks 53a, 53b, are rotatably mounted two stages of planetary gears 52a, 52b, which mesh, outwards on a fixed ring gear 51 and inwardly, on two small diameter pinions, respectively a pinion 54a, fitted on the intermediate shaft 55 and a pinion 54b, keyed on the output shaft 59 of the multiplier 5, also tubular, which is threaded and rotatably mounted on the central shaft 92 ', following the intermediate shaft 55 .

The control shaft 80 of the generator G also consists of a threaded and rotatably mounted tube, via a stack of bearings 82, on the central shaft 92 '. However, this tubular control shaft 80 is also guided externally, at its upper end 81 by a bearing 62 mounted in the center of a median partition 75 of the casing 7 and, at its lower end 82, by a bearing 65 mounted in the center of the bottom 78 of the casing 7.

Thus, the central shaft 92 'which successively passes through the second summator 9, the multiplier 5 and the generator G, is guided axially by four fixed bearings 83', 86, 62, 65, spaced apart from one another and carried , respectively, by the two intermediate partitions 75a, 75b, the median partition 75 and the bottom 78 of the casing 7. As previously, the upper end 81 of the control shaft 80 forms a hollow bush in which is threaded and wedged in rotation, by grooving, the tubular output shaft 59 of the speed multiplier 5.

Similarly, the upper end of the output shaft 90 of the H-shaped water turbine H forms a hollow bushing in which is embedded and secured in rotation, by grooving, with the lower end of the central shaft 92 'whose part upper part constitutes the second driving shaft 92, of the second summator 9.

In this way, the second driving shaft 42 of the first summer 4, and the second driving shaft 92 of the second summer 9, extended by the central shaft 92 ', which are embedded one on the other and, at their ends, respectively on the output shaft 30 of the wind turbine and the output shaft 90 of the tidal turbine, behave as a single centering shaft of the entire energy conversion mechanism comprising the hoop device 1 and the inverter 2, the two summers 4.9, the multiplier 5 and the generator G.

In addition, the use, according to the invention, of a succession of tubular shafts threaded into each other and rotatably mounted about the axis 15, on a centering shaft of the assembly, makes it possible to reduce considerably the clutter of the mechanism and to achieve a device capable of recovering all the marine energies present on the site and, however, not very visible to be able to be distributed in large numbers along a coast to produce a quantity of economically profitable energy.

Claims

1) Plant for converting renewable energy of a marine environment, comprising at least two means for converting at least two renewable energies, mounted on the same support frame (M), respectively a first means (1) of converting the reciprocating motion of the swell into a one-way rotational driving torque of a first output shaft (20), at least a second means (3) of converting at least one second renewable energy in a rotational drive torque about an axis of at least a second output shaft (30), and means (4) for adding the torques applied to said first (20) and second (20) 30) output shafts for driving in rotation a control shaft (59) of a power generating device (8), characterized in that the means (4) for adding the couples applied to the output shafts (20, 30) of the two conversion means (1, 3) consists of at least one power summation device ance (4), comprising two coaxial driving shafts (41, 42) threaded into each other, respectively a central driving shaft (42) and a tubular driving shaft (41), secured in rotation, respectively, with the shafts output (30,20) of the two conversion means (3,1), and a driven shaft (48) centered on the same axis as the two drive shafts (41, 42) threaded into one another and on which is applied the sum of the rotational driving torques applied on said driving shafts (41, 42), said driven shaft (48) being secured in rotation with the control shaft (59) of the power generating device (8) .

2) Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the power summing device (4) comprises a ring gear (47) locked in rotation and centered on the same axis as the driven shaft (48), and at least one pair of planet gears centered and set in rotation on the same axis rotating in an axial bearing (44) carried by one end of at least one arm (45) forming a crank set in rotation on the central driving shaft (42), respectively a first planet gear (43a) meshing with a sun gear (46) centered and rotatably mounted on the tubular driving shaft (41) and a second planet gear (43b) meshing with the ring gear (47) for driving in rotation of the driven shaft (48) under the action of the rotational torques applied by the two conversion means (1.3), respectively, on the tubular driving shaft (41) and on the central driving shaft (42) , and whose powers are added.

3) Installation according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the central driving shaft (42) of the summing device (4) is rotated by the second energy conversion means (3) and that the tubular driving shaft (41) threaded on the central driving shaft (42) is rotated by the first means (1) for converting the wave energy.

4) Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the driven shaft (48) of the summing device (4) is integral in rotation with the control shaft (59) of the power generating device (8) via a speed multiplier mechanism (5).

5) Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the speed multiplier mechanism (5) drives the power generating device (8) by a mechanical connection comprising at least one flywheel (63).

6) Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the mechanical connection between the speed multiplier mechanism (5) and the power generating device (8) comprises two flywheels (63,63 ') rotating in the opposite direction and connected by an inverter mechanism (64).

7) Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output shafts (20,30) of the energy conversion means (1, 3), the driving shafts (41, 42) and the shaft led (48) of the power summation device (4) and all the pairs of transmission ^means' rotation are centered on a same axis of rotation (15).

8) Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first means (1) for converting the energy of the wave comprises at least one oscillating member driven by a reciprocating upward and downward movement under the action of the swell and kinematically connected to a first output shaft (20) via an inverter mechanism (2), so as to rotate said first output shaft (0) in a single direction of rotation.

9) Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the first output shaft (20) driven in rotation by the inverter mechanism (2) is a tubular shaft centered on a vertical axis (15) on which is also centered the second output shaft (30), that the tubular driving shaft (41) and the central shaft (42) of the summing device (4), threaded into one another, are centered on the same vertical axis (15). ) and placed in the extension, respectively, of said first (20) and second (30) output shafts, respectively of the first (1) and second (3) conversion means.

10) Installation according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the inverter mechanism (2) is also centered on the axis (15) and is housed in a reux box (70) fixed on an upper face ( 60) of the support frame (6), and that the second conversion means (3) is a wind turbine carried by a rotation shaft (30), mounted relative to the same vertical axis (15), in a guide bearing axial (72) carried by the upper face (71) of the housing (70). 11) Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises three conversion means mounted on the same support frame (M), respectively a wave-forming device (1) at the water, resulting in rotating a first output shaft (20), a wind turbine (3) placed above the water, rotating a second output shaft (30), and a tidal turbine (H) immersed in the water, rotating a shaft (90), that the shafts (20, 30, 90) of said three converting means (1, 3, H) are centered on the same vertical axis (15), and that the mechanism comprises two summing devices (4, 9) for adding to each other the driving torques respectively applied on the shaft (20) by the wave energy device (1), on the shaft (30) by the wind turbine (3) and on the shaft (90) by the tidal turbine (H).

12) Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the first summing device (4) comprises two driving shafts (41, 42) secured in rotation, respectively, with the output shafts (20,30), respectively, of the first and second conversion means (1, 3) and a driven shaft (48), and that the second summing device (9) comprises a first driving shaft (91) rotatably connected to the driven shaft (48) of the first device summator (4), a second drive shaft (92) rotatably connected to the output shaft (90) of the third energy conversion means (H), and a driven shaft (98) for rotating the drive shaft control shaft (59 ') of the power generating device (G).

13) Installation according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the first means (1) for converting the energy of the swell comprises at least three arms (11) each carrying a float at one end and mounted articulated, at their other end, on a housing (70) fixed on the support (6) and in which is housed the inverter mechanism (2), said arms (11) extend radially in at least three directions distributed in star around the substantially vertical central axis (15) of the housing (70) and are mounted oscillating about at least three intersecting axes of articulation (10) passing through said central axis (15), and that the inverter mechanism ( 2) comprises a conically-toothed main gear (21) for rotating a first output shaft (20) and for each of the arms (11) a pair of two opposed bevel gears (22a, 22b). , meshing with the conical teeth of the main wheel (21) and secured in rotation , each in one direction, with said arm (1), said pairs of bevel gears (22) overlapping so that their axes of rotation (23) are arranged in a star around the axis of the main wheel (21) and that all the pinions (22) are evenly distributed along its conical toothing thereof.

14) .Installation conversion according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output shaft (30) of at least a second conversion means (3) 3st secured in rotation with the central driving shaft ( 42) of the summing device (4) by via a freewheel (72) allowing rotation of said output shaft (30) in a single direction of application of a driving torque on the corresponding driving shaft (42) of the summing device (4) and preventing rotation in the opposite direction under the action of the summing device (4), in the case where the rotational driving torque applied by the second conversion means (3) becomes less than the resistive torque applied by the generating device power supply (8) on the driven shaft (48) of the summing device (4).