WO2015137227A1

WO2015137227A1 - Apparatus and method for inhibiting growth of algae

Info

Publication number: WO2015137227A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/056487
Authority: WO
Inventors: 鈴木　穣; 誠一郎岡本; 孝浩平山; 慶行柴山; 衛華譚; 健一小森; 新吾増木; 邦哲戸島
Original assignee: 独立行政法人土木研究所; 松江土建株式会社
Priority date: 2014-03-14
Filing date: 2015-03-05
Publication date: 2015-09-17
Also published as: JPWO2015137227A1; JP6508684B2

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an apparatus and a method for inhibiting the growth of algae, whereby it becomes possible to effectively inhibit the growth of algae in a closed water area using a microorganism. [Solution] An apparatus for inhibiting the growth of algae according to the present invention is equipped with: a tubular reaction vessel which has, formed at the bottom part thereof, a gas inlet part through which an oxygen-containing gas can be introduced and a water inlet part through which water can be introduced, and also has, formed at the top part thereof, a gas discharge part through which at least the gas can be discharged; a degassing tube in which one end side thereof is connected to the gas discharge part so that the gas discharged through the gas discharge part can pass through the inside of the tube and the other end side thereof extends so as to protrude through water surface; and a microorganism carrier which is placed in the reaction vessel and can carry a microorganism capable of oxidizing a metal that is required for the growth of the algae. In the apparatus, the reaction vessel and/or the above-mentioned one end side of the degassing tube is provided with a water flow direction control part by which the direction of the vertically upward water flow, which is generated by the flow of the gas floating in the reaction vessel, can be inclined from vertically above so that the water flow can be discharged into the water area.

Description

Algae growth suppression apparatus and method

The present invention relates to an algal growth suppression apparatus and method for suppressing the growth of algae in closed water areas such as dam reservoirs and lakes.

When algae grows in closed water areas, the landscape becomes worse, and when it smells bad due to decay, or when the closed water area is used as a source of tap water, there is a problem that the tap water gives off a strange odor. Will occur.

For these reasons, various methods for suppressing the growth of algae in a closed water area have been proposed.
For example, by shallow aeration circulation in a dam reservoir, the aeration bubbles dynamically destroy the water temperature rise layer, lower the surface water temperature, and draw algae deeper than the lighted layer A method for suppressing abnormal growth of algae has been proposed. However, there are many examples in which such a method does not give a sufficient effect.

Therefore, the present inventors have heretofore provided a reaction vessel containing a carrier capable of spontaneously carrying a microorganism that oxidizes metals necessary for algae growth, and an aeration means for aerating the reaction vessel. Has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
This method relates to a method of indirectly suppressing the growth of algae by oxidizing and precipitating metals present in the surface of the closed water area and making it unavailable to the algae. It is assumed that the nutrient source for the algae staying in is cut off. However, it has been found that the growth of algae cannot be sufficiently suppressed only by reducing the concentration of the metals present in the surface layer of the closed water area by reducing the concentration thereof. That is, in a closed water area, when the bottom layer where water mixing with the surface layer is hindered by the hot water layer becomes anaerobic, metals elute from the bottom mud and accumulate at a high concentration, but in algae, Some have ecology that seems to sink to the bottom of the closed water area at night, and metals that cannot be used on the surface layer of the closed water area can sink to the bottom layer of the closed water area.

By the way, paying attention to the fact that the bottom sediment of the closed water area contains a lot of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., supplying dissolved oxygen to the vicinity of the bottom sediment suppresses the elution of nutrient salts from the bottom sediment and enriches the whole water body. A method for suppressing nutrition is proposed. In addition, a method has been proposed in which a structure having a carrier or the like on which microorganisms can be fixed is disposed on the bottom layer of a closed water area, and air taken from above the water surface is supplied to the structure (see Patent Document 2). .

JP 2009-207986 A JP 2003-236583 A

However, the method for supplying the dissolved oxygen to control the redox state of the nutrients in the bottom layer requires a high output air supply device, which increases the operation cost. Moreover, regarding the method using microorganisms, there is a problem that the water flow circulates in the entire water area and the growth of algae cannot be sufficiently suppressed. The latter problem will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the situation when an algal growth suppression device is installed in the bottom layer to suppress the growth of algae according to a conventional method. In addition, here, the eluted metal from the sediment is assumed as an algae nutrient source.

As shown in FIG. 1, the algal growth suppression device 100 is installed on the bottom sediment of the closed water area 40. Moreover, the algal growth suppression apparatus 100 has a cylindrical reaction tank, and a carrier capable of supporting microorganisms is disposed in the reaction tank. The microorganisms oxidize metal ions in the water using oxygen in the air introduced from the bottom of the reaction tank by supplying air from the air supply device 20 and release the metal oxide. Air introduced into the reaction tank from the bottom of the cylinder becomes bubbles and rises from above the reaction tank toward the water surface, and as the bubbles rise, a vertically upward water flow (vertical upward water flow) is generated. Form.
At this time, most of the metal oxides released from the microorganisms are entrained to the water surface side where the algae 30 stay together with the vertical upward water flow without being settled toward the sediment due to their own weight, and the water surface side is eutrophication. To do.

Thereafter, the vertical upward water stream circulates in the closed water area 40 so as to descend from the surface side toward the algae growth suppressing device 100 that is the source of the water flow while diffusing in the closed water area 40, and the circulation layer 50. Form.
At this time, the metal oxide that has not been used for the algae 30 is entrained in the circulating water stream or descends to the bottom layer due to its own weight. However, as it approaches the bottom layer, it becomes hypoxic and is reduced again to metal ions. Without being settled on the bottom sediment, it can be circulated again with the metal ions eluted from the bottom sediment as a treatment target by the algae growth suppression apparatus 100, or diffused as metal ions to the surface layer side to become a nutrient source for the algae 30. In any case, it is insufficient to cause metal ions eluted from the sediment to settle to the sediment as a metal oxide.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to provide an algal growth suppression apparatus and method capable of effectively suppressing the growth of algae in a closed water area using microorganisms.

Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is,
<1> A cylindrical reaction tank in which a gas introduction part capable of introducing gas and a water introduction part capable of introducing water are formed in the lower part, and a gas discharge part for discharging at least the gas is formed in the upper part. A deaeration pipe having one end connected to the gas discharge part and extending the other end so as to protrude from the water surface so that the gas discharged from the gas discharge part is vented into the pipe, and the reaction tank A microorganism carrier that is capable of supporting a microorganism that oxidizes a metal necessary for the growth of algae, and at least one of the reaction tank and one end side of the degassing pipe is in the reaction tank. A device for suppressing algal growth, comprising a water flow direction restricting portion for inclining the water flow direction of the vertical upward water flow generated by the gas flow rising above the water from the vertical upper direction and discharging the water flow into the water area.
<2> A vertical upper water flow in which one end side of the deaeration pipe is a water flow direction restricting portion that is expanded in a tapered shape toward the reaction tank, and the one end side is the water flow direction restricting portion and the water flow direction is inclined from vertically above. The algae growth suppression device according to <1>, wherein the device is connected to a gas discharge unit in a state having a gap between the reaction tank and the gas tank so as to be discharged into the water area.
<3> The algal growth suppression device according to any one of <1> to <2>, wherein the whole or a part of the reaction tank body is formed to allow water to flow as the water flow direction regulating unit.
<4> Algae growth suppression according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the microorganism-supporting body is accommodated in a porous casing that is freely rollable by a water flow and disposed in the reaction tank. apparatus.
<5> The algae growth suppression device according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism that oxidizes at least manganese ions into manganese oxide.
<6> An algal growth suppression method for suppressing algae growth in a closed water area using the algae growth suppression device according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the other end side of the deaeration tube is An installation step of installing the algae growth inhibitor so that the water introduction part of the reaction tank is positioned in the vicinity of the bottom of the closed water area while projecting on the water surface, and a gas containing oxygen from the gas introduction part of the reaction tank And a gas introduction step of bringing the gas into contact with microorganisms together with the water introduced from the water introduction section.
<7> In the above <6>, wherein the installation step is a step of installing the algal growth inhibitor so that the water introduction part of the reaction tank is located 0.2 to 1.0 m above the bottom of the closed water area The method for inhibiting algal growth described.
<8> The method for inhibiting algal growth according to any one of <6> to <7>, wherein the gas introduction step includes a step of spontaneously fixing microorganisms on the microorganism carrier.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the said various problems in a prior art can be solved, and the algal growth suppression apparatus and method which can suppress the growth of the algae in a closed water area effectively using microorganisms can be provided. .

It is explanatory drawing explaining the condition in the case of suppressing the growth of algae by installing an algae growth suppression device in the bottom layer according to a conventional method. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the algal growth suppression apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the condition in the case of installing the algal growth suppression apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention in a bottom layer, and suppressing the growth of algae. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the algal growth suppression apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is the elements on larger scale for demonstrating the characteristic of the algal growth suppression apparatus shown to Fig.4 (a). It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the housing used in the Example. It is explanatory drawing when a structure when opening the housing shown in Fig.5 (a) in the center opening / closing part is seen along the arrow line. It is a figure which shows the photograph of the microorganisms carrier used in the Example. It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of experiment. It is a figure which shows the quantification result of algae species. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the algae density | concentration in a surface layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of DO density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the dissolved-state nitrogen density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the dissolved-state nitrogen density | concentration in a surface layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the orthophosphoric acid state phosphorus density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the orthophosphoric acid state phosphorus density | concentration in a surface layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the total phosphorus density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the total phosphorus concentration in a surface layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the dissolved-type manganese density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of the dissolved manganese concentration in a surface layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the total manganese density | concentration in a bottom layer. It is a figure which shows the daily change of the total manganese density | concentration in a surface layer.

(Algae growth suppression device)
An algae growth inhibitor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, FIG. 2 is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the algal growth suppression apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the algal growth suppression apparatus 1 includes a reaction tank 3, a deaeration tube 7, and a microorganism carrier (not shown) accommodated in the enclosures 2a to 2c.
In addition, in the algal growth suppression apparatus 1, although the support part 4 which supports the reaction tank 3 is formed and the algae growth suppression apparatus 1 is installed on the bottom sediment 60, the support part 4 is not formed but algae growth suppression is performed. It can also be installed by suspending the device from the ship.

The reaction tank 3 consists of a substantially cylindrical member composed of a body portion 3a, an upper portion 3b, and a lower portion 3c, and each portion can be formed of stainless steel, a resin material, or the like.
The lower part 3 c is, for example, a net-like screen member, and water can be introduced into the reaction tank 3. Moreover, the gas introduction part 5 which can introduce | transduce gas is formed in the lower part 3c. The gas introduced from the gas introduction part 5 is a gas containing oxygen and may be pure oxygen gas, but it is preferable to use air from the viewpoint of reducing operating costs.
The upper part 3b is, for example, a net-like screen member similar to the lower part 3c, and the vertical upward water flow generated by the gas floating in the reaction tank 3 from the gas introduction part 5 and the flow of the rising gas is generated in the reaction tank 3 It can be discharged outside. Further, the upper part 3b makes it possible to prevent the casings 2a to 2c from flowing out of the reaction tank 3.

The enclosures 2a to 2c are arranged in the reaction tank 3, and can flow freely by the vertical upward water flow. The casings 2a to 2c are porous, and are formed of, for example, a stainless mesh member. As a result, the gas and the water can be brought into contact with the microorganism carrier accommodated in the basket. In addition, since the casings 2a to 2c are capable of rolling freely by the vertical upward water flow, the gas and the water come into contact with the microorganism carrier to be accommodated without being biased to a specific part. It is possible.

The microorganism carrier is not particularly limited, but is preferably one having irregularities on the surface to some extent or a porous one so that microorganisms can easily adhere. Further, from the viewpoint of allowing the microorganism carrier itself to flow within the casings 2a to 2c, it is preferable that the specific gravity is formed of a resin of about 1. Moreover, what takes the contact area with the said gas and the said water with respect to the volume is preferable, for example, the thing of a hollow cylindrical shape is preferable.
The microorganism supported on the microorganism carrier is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism that oxidizes a metal necessary for the growth of algae, and a metal oxidation microorganism known to exist is used. Can do. Such microorganisms can be artificially or spontaneously fixed on the microorganism carrier, and can be proliferated in large quantities by contact with the water in an aerobic environment (under aeration of the gas) for a certain period of time. Can do. In particular, the metal involved in the growth of the algae includes manganese, and a microorganism that oxidizes manganese ions eluted from the sediment is preferable.

The deaeration pipe 7 is formed of, for example, stainless steel or a resin material, and one end side is connected to the upper part 3b and the other end side so that the gas discharged from the upper part 3b as a gas discharge part is vented into the pipe. (Not shown) is configured to extend so as to protrude from the water surface of the installation water area.
Further, in this example, the one end side of the deaeration pipe 7 is a water flow direction restricting portion 6 that is expanded in a taper shape toward the reaction tank 3, and the one end side is the water flow direction restricting portion 6 and the water flow direction is inclined from vertically above. It connects with the upper part 3b in the state which has a clearance gap between the reaction tank 3 so that the said perpendicular | vertical upper water flow may be discharged | emitted in a water area. By forming such a water flow direction restricting portion 6, the gas discharged from the upper portion 3 b can be collected and ventilated into the pipe, and once the water has entered the water flow direction restricting portion 6. The water flow direction is regulated so that the upper water flow is inclined downward along the taper shape, and the metal oxide contained in the vertical upper water flow can be easily settled toward the bottom sediment. In addition, it is preferable that the length of the deaeration pipe | tube 7 is made variable according to the water depth of the closed water area used as a process target.

The operation of the algal growth suppression apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In addition, FIG. 3 is explanatory drawing explaining the condition in case the algal growth suppression apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is installed in a bottom layer, and the growth of algae is suppressed.
The algal growth suppression device 1 is installed on the bottom sediment 60 of the closed water area 40, and a gas such as air is sent from the air supply device 20 to the gas introduction part 5 formed in the lower part 3 c of the reaction tank 3, Aerate. The gas introduced into the reaction tank 3 floats vertically upward, passes through the deaeration pipe 7 whose tip protrudes from the water surface, and is exhausted out of the closed water area 40.

At this time, the vertical upward water flow is generated in the reaction tank 3 by the flow of the gas floating in the reaction tank 3, and the bottom layer water of the closed water region 40 is drawn into the reaction tank 3 in the reaction tank 3. The microorganisms carried on the microorganism carrier accommodated in the enclosures 2a to 2c arranged in the reaction tank 3 are the metal ions (manganese) contained in the bottom water in an aerobic environment by aeration. Oxidize. The vertical upward water stream is discharged from the reaction tank 3 while entraining part of the metal oxide of the metal produced by the microorganism. The vertical upward water flow discharged from the reaction tank 3 is discharged into the closed water area 40 in a state where the water flow direction is inclined from the vertical upward direction by the water flow direction regulating portion 6 of the deaeration pipe 7. The water stream after the inclination descends toward the lower part 3c as a water introduction part that is a generation source of the vertical upward water stream while diffusing to the bottom layer of the closed water area 40, thereby forming a circulation layer 50 in the bottom water. In addition, the metal oxide contained in the circulation layer 50 circulating in the bottom layer is gradually directed toward the bottom sediment without being eluted into water as the metal ions because the circulation layer 50 is brought into an aerobic environment by dissolved oxygen. And sink. By operating such an algae growth inhibitor 1 for a certain period, the metal ions eluted from the sediment can be blocked from moving to the surface layer, and also in the bottom layer as a metal oxide in the sediment. Can be depleted by sedimentation.
Therefore, the algae 30 staying in the surface layer of the closed water area 40 cannot use the metal ions, and the metal ions that have settled and eluted into the bottom layer at night cannot be used. Thereby, the growth of the algae 30 is effectively suppressed.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the water flow restriction section 6 disposed on one end side of the deaeration pipe 7 causes the water flow direction of the vertical upper water flow generated by the gas flow rising in the reaction tank 3 to be inclined from the vertical upper side. The water flow is discharged into the closed water area, but the structure of the water flow control unit is to discharge the water flow into the closed water area by inclining the water flow direction of the vertical upper water flow from vertically above. It is not limited to such an example as long as it can.
For example, the water flow guide portion may be formed by inclining the vertical upper water flow in the upper or lower portion of the reaction tank and discharging the water flow into the closed water area.
Moreover, you may form the said water flow control part in the trunk | drum of the said reaction tank. Below, an example of the algal growth suppression apparatus which formed such a water flow control part is demonstrated using Fig.4 (a), (b). FIG. 4 (a) is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of an algal growth suppression device according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 (b) is an algal growth suppression device shown in FIG. 4 (a). It is the elements on larger scale for demonstrating the characteristic of these.

In the algal growth suppression apparatus 10 shown in these drawings, all or part of the trunk portion 13a of the reaction tank 13 is made water-permeable. Such a trunk | drum 13a may be comprised with the water-permeable raw material as a whole, for example, and can also comprise it by forming a water-flow opening in a part of steel materials. In the former case, a support material for securing the support strength of the upper portion 13b and the like can be additionally provided.
Further, the upper part 13 b is configured to seal the upper part of the reaction tank 13 except for the connection port with the deaeration pipe 17.
In the algae growth suppression device 10, when a gas such as air is introduced from the gas introduction unit 15 into the reaction tank 13, the gas contacts the microorganism carrier accommodated in the enclosures 12a to 12e. The gas floating in the reaction tank 13 is collected and exhausted from the deaeration pipe 17 to the outside of the closed water area.
Due to the flow of the gas floating in the reaction tank 13, the bottom layer water is drawn into the reaction tank 13 from the lower part 13c and a vertical upward water flow is generated, and the bottom layer water containing the metal eluted from the bottom is in an aerobic environment. In contact with the microorganism carrier accommodated in the casings 12a to 12e, the metal oxide is generated.
The vertically upward water flow is discharged from the trunk portion 13a in a state where the water flow direction is inclined from the vertically upward direction.
Therefore, by operating such an algal growth suppression device 10 for a certain period of time, the metal ions eluted from the sediment can be blocked from moving to the surface layer, and the metal ions are also converted into metal in the bottom layer. It can be depleted by sedimentation to the sediment as an oxide, and by extension, the growth of algae using the metal ions can be effectively suppressed.

(Algae growth suppression method)
The algal growth suppression method of the present invention is an algae growth suppression method that suppresses algae growth in a closed water area using the algae growth suppression device of the present invention. Process.

The installation step is a step of installing the algal growth inhibitor so that the other end side of the deaeration tube protrudes above the water surface and the water introduction part of the reaction tank is located in the vicinity of the bottom sediment of the closed water area.
The specific installation position of the algal growth suppression device is not particularly limited as long as it is near the bottom sediment, but the position of the water introduction part of the reaction tank is 0.2 m to the bottom sediment of the closed water area. A position of 1.0 m is preferable, and a position of 0.3 m to 0.5 m on the sediment is particularly preferable.
If it is less than 0.2 m, bottom mud in the sediment may be drawn into the reaction tank from the water introduction part, and if it exceeds 1.0 m, the metal concentration in the bottom layer water drawn into the reaction tank is It is low, and the metal eluted from the sediment may not be oxidized efficiently.
In the installation step, the other end of the deaeration tube was projected on the water surface, but after operating the algal growth inhibitor for a certain period of time and the elution metal ion concentration in the bottom layer was sufficiently reduced, The other end portion of the deaeration pipe may be re-installed at a position below the water surface and arranged according to a conventional shallow aeration method.

The gas introduction step is a step of introducing a gas containing oxygen from a gas introduction portion of the reaction tank and bringing the gas into contact with microorganisms together with water introduced from the water introduction portion.
The method for carrying out the gas introduction step is not particularly limited, but a method of introducing a gas such as air from the gas introduction unit into the reaction tank from an air supply device such as an air compressor installed outside the closed water area. Is mentioned.
In addition, as the gas introduction step, when the microorganism carrier in the algal growth suppression apparatus is of a type that spontaneously fixes microorganisms, the microorganisms are brought into contact with the microorganisms prior to contacting the microorganisms. The method may include a step of bringing the gas into contact with the microorganism carrier not fixed, and fixing the microorganism spontaneously on the microorganism carrier.
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

In accordance with the configuration of the algae growth inhibitory apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2, an algae growth inhibitory apparatus according to the example was produced. This algae growth suppression apparatus is installed on the bottom sediment in a form that is submerged in water, and the reaction tank is formed of an acrylic cylinder. In the reaction tank, the air supplied from the air supply device is introduced from the gas inlet on the bottom side of the cylinder, and aerated from the lower part toward the upper part, so that the casing installed in the reaction tank is It can flow freely.
As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the casing is formed of a stainless steel net, and a microorganism carrier can be disposed therein. 5 (a) is an explanatory view showing an outline of the casing used in the example, and FIG. 5 (b) is a case where the casing shown in FIG. 5 (a) is opened at the central opening / closing section. It is explanatory drawing when viewing this structure along the arrow line. Moreover, the code | symbol 2 in each figure shows a housing.
The microorganism carrier is constituted by a hollow and porous cylindrical body based on polypropylene, and microorganisms can be fixed on the cylindrical body. A photograph of the microorganism carrier used in the examples is shown in FIG. The microorganism carrier is sealed about 30% with respect to the volume of the casing, and has a mechanism of flowing inside the casing along with the flow of the casing itself by aeration. In the microorganism carrier, when the inside of the reaction vessel is brought into an aerobic state by aeration, a biofilm of microorganisms is spontaneously generated on the cylindrical body. This biofilm functions to oxidize, suspend and settle at least manganese ions in water.
The gas introduced into the reaction tank is not released into an external closed water area, but is collected in a funnel-shaped water flow restricting portion arranged in an upper portion of the reaction tank, and the water flow restriction It is exhausted onto the water surface through a deaeration pipe connected to the part.

By installing and operating the algae growth inhibitory device according to the embodiment prepared in this way on the sediment in the closed water area, the amount of nutrients eluted from the sediment is reduced. An experiment was conducted to see how it changed. The experiment was carried out in Kasumigaura, but it was conducted in a highly closed vessel pool in Kasumigaura. In the closed water area, the organic matter content of the bottom mud is high, water stays in the summer, the bottom layer becomes hypoxic, and cyanobacteria are abnormally generated in the summer.
The outline of the experiment will be described with reference to FIG. Two partitions formed by bellows-like wind tubes were installed in the closed water area 41 to form two isolated water bodies. The algae growth suppression device was installed in one of the two isolated water masses. The isolated water mass provided with the algae growth inhibiting device is designated as isolated water mass No. Set to 1. In the other isolated water mass, nothing was set up for comparison. The isolated water mass according to this comparison target is designated as isolated water mass No. 2. The wind pipe has a diameter of 1.2 m, and the water depth of the closed water area 41 is about 3 m. Further, in order not to cause a difference in water level between the inside and outside of the wind pipe, four holes having a diameter of about 5 cm were formed at a water depth of 1.5 m so that the water level in the wind pipe followed the water level of the closed water area 41.
Isolated water mass No. 1, the algal growth suppression device is installed on the bottom sediment 60, and the gas inlet on the bottom side of the reaction tank is connected to an air compressor installed outside the closed water area 41. The height position of the gas inlet (symbol h in FIG. 7) was 30 cm from the bottom. The gas introduced from the air compressor into the reaction vessel was exhausted onto the water surface through the deaeration pipe so as not to cause an upward flow in the water area above the water flow regulating part.

After the above experimental facilities were prepared, the algae growth suppression apparatus was operated during the operation period from early July to late August in the summer when there is concern about the growth of algae. Hereinafter, experimental results will be described.

<Algae analysis results>
As experimental results on the growth of algae, FIG. 8 shows the results of quantification of the algae species (top 3 types), and FIG. 9 shows the results of measurement of the algae concentration (Chl.a (mg / L)) on the surface layer.
After the end of July when the weather has stabilized, as shown in FIG. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 2, the ratio of cyanobacteria is increased, but as shown in FIG. No. 1 is an isolated water mass No. 1. It is confirmed that the algal concentration is reduced as compared with 2, and the growth of algae can be suppressed.
The algae species shown in FIG. 8 was quantified using an optical microscope. Moreover, the measurement of the algal concentration (Chl.a (mg / L)) on the surface layer shown in FIG. 9 was performed using a single wavelength absorptiometry. Both the determination of the algal species and the measurement of the algal concentration were carried out by using a column with well-stirred columnar water from the surface layer to 1 m.

<Water quality analysis results>
Isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 FIG. 10 shows the daily change in DO concentration in the bottom layer in FIG. Isolated water mass No. In 2, the DO concentration (dissolved oxygen concentration) decreases as the weather stabilizes, and it is confirmed that the bottom layer is almost anaerobic after the end of July. On the other hand, the isolated water mass No. In 1, it is confirmed that the aerobic state is maintained in the bottom layer by aeration by the air compressor. Here, the bottom layer means a layer deeper than the depth of 2.5 m, and the DO concentration was measured at a depth of 2.5 m.
The DO concentration shown in FIG. 10 was measured using a multi-item water quality meter (U-50 series: manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.).

Isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 11A and 11B show changes over time in the dissolved nitrogen (NH ₄ —N, NO ₃ —N) concentration in the bottom layer and the surface layer in FIG. In addition, Fig.11 (a) shows the daily change of the dissolved nitrogen concentration in the bottom layer (water depth of about 2.5 m), and FIG.11 (b) shows the dissolved nitrogen concentration in the surface layer (water depth of about 0.5 m). It shows changes over time.
In the beginning of August when cyanobacteria began to grow, the concentration of dissolved nitrogen in the bottom was 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 2 and 0.5 mg / L or more, and the dissolved nitrogen concentration in the surface layer is sufficiently high after August when cyanobacteria began to grow. Therefore, it is unlikely that nitrogen has become a limiting factor for algae growth.
In addition, the measurement of the dissolved nitrogen concentration shown to Fig.11 (a), (b) is performed using the nutrient salt automatic analyzer (TRAACS2000 type | mold: made by Blanc-Loube) according to a sewage test method (1997 version). It was.

Isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 Changes in orthophosphoric phosphorus (PO ₄ -P) concentration in the bottom layer and surface layer in FIG. 2 are shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b). FIG. 12 (a) shows the daily change of orthophosphoric phosphorus concentration in the bottom layer (water depth of about 2.5 m), and FIG. 12 (b) shows orthophosphoric phosphorus in the surface layer (water depth of about 0.5 m). It shows the daily change in concentration.
Isolated water mass No. In the bottom layer of No. 1, the concentration of orthophosphoric phosphorus was kept low in an aerobic environment. In the bottom layer of No. 2, the isolated water mass No. Compared with 1, the orthophosphoric acid phosphorus concentration is high. This is considered to be the effect of the elution of orthophosphoric phosphorus from the sediment that has been reduced in an anaerobic environment. The isolated water mass No. The orthophosphoric acid phosphorus concentration in the bottom layer of No. 2 is comparable or higher than that measured in another lake or the like.
On the other hand, in the surface layer, the isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 In both cases, the concentration of orthophosphoric phosphorus is kept low, and phosphorus is depleted.
From the above, the isolated water mass No. 2, it can be said that orthophosphoric phosphorus in the bottom layer can be used when the algae grow, and it is considered that phosphorus is not a limiting factor for algae growth. 1 may have been a limiting factor.
In addition, the measurement of the orthophosphoric acid phosphorus concentration shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) is performed using an automatic nutrient salt analyzer (TRAACS2000 type: manufactured by Blanc-Loube) in accordance with a sewage test method (1997 version). went.

Isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 The changes over time in the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the bottom layer and the surface layer in Fig. 2 are shown in Figs. FIG. 13 (a) shows the daily change of the total phosphorus concentration in the bottom layer (around 2.5m in water depth), and FIG. 13 (b) shows the daily change in the total phosphorus concentration in the surface layer (around 0.5m water depth). It shows a change.
For both the bottom and surface layers, the isolated water mass No. 2 has a total phosphorus concentration of no. It is higher than 1. This is because the isolated water mass No. This is probably because phosphorus was eluted from the bottom sediment that was reduced in an anaerobic environment in No. 2.
On the other hand, the isolated water mass No. In No. 1, the total phosphorus concentration in both the bottom layer and the surface layer is always kept low after August. This is thought to be because phosphorus elution from the sediment that was oxidized in an aerobic environment was suppressed.
From the above, phosphorus concentration may be a rate-limiting factor for algal growth.
In addition, the measurement of the total phosphorus concentration shown to Fig.13 (a), (b) was performed using the nutrient salt automatic analyzer (TRAACS2000 type | mold: made by Blanc-Loube) according to the sewage test method (1997 version). .

Isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 14A and 14B show the results of measurement of changes over time in the dissolved manganese (D-Mn) concentration in the bottom layer and the surface layer in FIG. FIG. 14 (a) shows the change over time in the dissolved manganese concentration in the bottom layer (around 2.5m in water depth), and FIG. 14 (b) shows the dissolved manganese concentration in the surface layer (around 0.5m in water depth). It shows changes over time.
In addition, the isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 15A and 15B show the measurement results of changes over time in the total manganese (T-Mn) concentration in the bottom layer and the surface layer in FIG. FIG. 15 (a) shows the daily change in the total manganese concentration in the bottom layer (water depth of about 2.5m), and FIG. 15 (b) shows the daily change in the total manganese concentration in the surface layer (around 0.5m of water depth). It shows a change.
Note that the dissolved manganese shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) and the total manganese shown in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) were measured by ICP-MS according to the river water quality test method (draft) (1997 version). (X7CCT: Thermo Fisher Scientific).

First, the isolated water mass No. The concentration of dissolved manganese in the bottom layer of No. 1 is considered. Isolated water mass No. In 1, the dissolved manganese concentration was maintained at a low value throughout the operation period.
Here, the isolated water mass No. The metal adhering to the microorganism carrier in the algal growth inhibitor 1 and its weight were measured as shown in Table 1 below. This value is obtained by calculating the weight of the deposit and converting it to the dry weight per one of the microorganism carriers. The decomposition pretreatment follows the pressure vessel method described in the bottom sediment investigation method (August 2012 Ministry of the Environment Water and Air Environment Bureau), and the analysis of metals is the river water quality test method (draft) (1997 version). The test was performed using ICP-MS (X7CCT: manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).

As shown in Table 1 above, the microbial carrier has a particularly large amount of manganese component, and after the dissolved manganese is oxidized and suspended, it adheres to the microbial carrier or cannot completely adhere to it. It is suggested that the water is peeled off from the microbial support by the aerated water flow and settles on the sediment.
Moreover, the result of having similarly measured the metal in surrounding soil is shown in Table 2 below.

As shown in Table 2 above, the ratio of Fe and Mn is different from that in Table 1 above, and the substance on the microbial support is not the one to which the sediment or water suspension is attached, but the microbial support. It can be seen that manganese was selectively oxidized by the action of microorganisms that naturally settled on the body.
Further, from the change in the total manganese concentration in the surface layer shown in FIG. Since August 1st, the total manganese concentration has been kept low. This can be considered as an effect of manganese oxidation and precipitation by the action of the microorganism.
From these results, the isolated water mass No. In No. 1, it was found that the manganese concentration in the bottom layer was efficiently reduced by installing the microorganism carrier in the reaction tank and forming an aerobic environment by aeration.

Next, the isolated water mass No. The dissolved manganese concentration in the bottom layer of No. 2 is considered. Isolated water mass No. As shown in FIG. 14A, the dissolved manganese concentration in the bottom layer of No. 2 sometimes took a high value considered to be elution from the bottom sediment until the end of July. After that, it can be seen that the value is low after the beginning of August when cyanobacteria began to grow.
As seen from the total manganese concentration in the surface layer shown in FIG. 2 is the isolated water mass No. 2. Since it is higher than 1, isolated water mass No. In No. 2, it is considered that manganese elution from the sediment in a reduced state in an anaerobic environment continues.
From this, the isolated water mass No. In the bottom layer of 2, as shown in FIG. 14 (a), the concentration of dissolved manganese decreased from the beginning of August, probably because cyanobacteria were used for growth. As a result, the isolated water mass No. 2 The dissolved manganese concentration in the bottom layer is the isolated water mass no. 1 to about the same value as the isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 In both cases, it is considered that dissolved manganese is depleted.
Isolated water mass No. For the dissolved manganese in the surface layer of No. 2, the isolated water mass No. It is considered that the concentration is extremely low with 1 and is in a depleted state (see FIG. 14B).
From the above, the isolated water mass No. 1 and isolated water mass No. 1 In both cases, the dissolved manganese concentration has been a limiting factor for the growth of algae since August. 1 suggests that the growth of algae is strongly restricted.

In summary, the isolated water mass No. As shown in FIG. 12 (b), orthophosphoric phosphorus and dissolved manganese, which may be a limiting factor for algal growth in Fig. 1, are shown in FIG. 12 (b). Although the concentration was approximately 0 mg / L from the beginning of the month, the concentration increased rather than the beginning of August when the algal growth was suppressed (see FIG. 9), whereas for dissolved manganese, FIG. As shown in b), the concentration is low during the period when the growth of cyanobacteria is suppressed.
Therefore, the isolated water mass No. In No. 1, it is considered that growth of algae could be suppressed by reducing the concentration of dissolved manganese with the algae growth suppression device.

1,10,100 Algal

growth suppression device

2,2a-2c, 12a-

12e Body

3,13

Reaction tank

3a,

13a Body

3b, 13b

Upper part

3c, 13c Lower part 4

Support part

5,15 Gas introduction part 6 Water flow direction

Regulatory part

7, 17 Deaeration pipe 20 Air supply device 30

Algae

40, 41 Closed water area 50 Circulating layer 60 Bottom sediment

Claims

A cylindrical reaction vessel in which a gas introduction part capable of introducing gas at the bottom and a water introduction part capable of introducing water are formed, and a gas discharge part for discharging at least the gas is formed at the top,
A deaeration pipe having one end connected to the gas discharge part and the other end extended so as to protrude from the water surface so that the gas discharged from the gas discharge part is vented into the pipe;
A microorganism carrier that is disposed in the reaction vessel and is capable of carrying a microorganism that oxidizes a metal necessary for the growth of algae,
At least one of the reaction tank and one end side of the degassing pipe inclines the water flow direction of the vertical upper water flow generated by the gas flow rising in the reaction tank from the upper vertical direction and discharges the water flow into the water area. An apparatus for suppressing algal growth, comprising a water flow direction regulating portion.
One end side of the deaeration pipe is a water flow direction restricting portion that is expanded in a taper shape toward the reaction tank, and the one end side is the water flow direction restricting portion, and the water flow direction is inclined from above vertically. The algae growth suppressing device according to claim 1, wherein the device is connected to a gas discharge unit in a state having a gap between the reaction vessel and the reaction vessel so as to be discharged.
The algae growth suppression device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein all or a part of the reaction tank body is formed to allow water to flow as a water flow direction regulating portion.
The algae growth-suppressing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microorganism-supporting body is accommodated in a porous casing that can freely roll by a water flow and is disposed in the reaction tank.
The algae growth suppression device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism that oxidizes at least manganese ions into manganese oxide.
An algal growth suppression method for suppressing algae growth in a closed water area using the algae growth suppression device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
An installation step of installing the algae growth inhibitor so that the other end side of the deaeration pipe protrudes above the water surface and the water introduction part of the reaction tank is located near the bottom sediment of the closed water area;
A gas introduction step of introducing a gas containing oxygen from the gas introduction portion of the reaction tank and bringing the gas into contact with microorganisms together with water introduced from the water introduction portion;
A method for inhibiting algae growth, comprising:
The algae growth according to claim 6, wherein the installation step is a step of installing the algae growth suppression device so that the water introduction part of the reaction tank is located 0.2 m to 1.0 m above the bottom of the closed water area. Suppression method.
The method for inhibiting algal growth according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the gas introduction step includes a step of spontaneously fixing microorganisms on the microorganism carrier.