WO2015121827A1 - Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015121827A1 WO2015121827A1 PCT/IB2015/051061 IB2015051061W WO2015121827A1 WO 2015121827 A1 WO2015121827 A1 WO 2015121827A1 IB 2015051061 W IB2015051061 W IB 2015051061W WO 2015121827 A1 WO2015121827 A1 WO 2015121827A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- aerosol
- coated
- exp
- outlet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/12—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
- B05B1/044—Slits, i.e. narrow openings defined by two straight and parallel lips; Elongated outlets for producing very wide discharges, e.g. fluid curtains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/007—At least a part of the apparatus, e.g. a container, being provided with means, e.g. wheels, for allowing its displacement relative to the ground
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
- B65D83/28—Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor
- B65D83/30—Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor for guiding the flow of spray, e.g. funnels, hoods
- B65D83/303—Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor for guiding the flow of spray, e.g. funnels, hoods using extension tubes located in or at the outlet duct of the nozzle assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a surface coating process and to an implementation device.
- the deposited layer must have a substantially constant thickness (with an allowable variation of + or - 15%).
- optical quality that is to say that its layer deposited on the surface is non-opaque, not too diffusive, has substantially the same properties of interference in the visible range and presented the same optical properties on all areas of the deposited surface.
- the determination of ia optical quality of a deposit is a conventional operation of art.
- an anti-reflective layer on glass should have a typical thickness of 120 nm ⁇ 15% and a refractive index of .24 ⁇ 5%.
- the invention relates to spray coating.
- the general principle of this method consists of disposing a solution containing the enduetion material and a solvent in a tank, and then generating microdroplets, for example using an atomizer.
- a pneumatic atomizer in particular impact, an ultrasonic atomizer or an electrostatic atomizer.
- the solution is transformed into droplets, respectively by pressure forces, vibration / cuvitatioh, and repulsion / electrostatic attraction that overcome the surface tension and viscosity forces governing the initial process! of the solution.
- microdroplets generated typically have a nominal size of a few microns in diameter ⁇ 300%.
- the largest droplets sediment that is to say they fall back into the tank, while the smaller ones form an aerosol and are characterized in that they are subject to Brownian motion without sedimentation.
- the smallest droplets are then driven by a carrier gas towards the object to be coated.
- EP 0 488 393 in the name of Langiet et al. discloses a method and a device for surface spray coating, in which the spraying is carried out in a sealed and sealed reactor which can control the composition of the atmosphere and thus limit the evaporation of the solvent before the droplets are deposit on the surface to be coated.
- the device does not use a nozzle, in the sense that there is no acceleration of the aerosol. Indeed, the aerosol flow is driven up the reactor and meets a second stream of carrier gas directed to the object to be coated. The conical shape of the reactor moving towards the surface to be coated induces a reduction in the speed of the aerosol.
- the flow is not accelerated but simply confined in a certain geometry by means of a compressed air sleeve.
- the droplets can not diffuse out of the sleeve but their speed is not increased.
- the objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a surface coating device, allowing a coating simple, fast and homogeneous ⁇ in structure, composition and thickness) of a surface, possibly complex.
- the invention proposes to go against current practices by spraying on the surface in question an aerosol coating material with a nozzle in order to accelerate very strongly the flow of material with respect to the devices. existing. Against all expectations, this acceleration of the droplets generates a homogeneous layer, of precise and adjustable thickness.
- the subject of the invention is a method of coating a surface by spraying an aerosol on a surface, comprising the following steps:
- A) provide a surface to be coated
- step C) generating an aerosol of the solution obtained in step B), the aerosol comprising a carrier gas phase and droplets of the solution obtained in step 8);
- F is the flow rate in cubic meter per second (m 3 .s * 1 );
- ® S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- the carrier gas phase may be ambient air preferably dried and filtered, nitrogen or argon
- the carrier gas phase can be charged with solvent vapor before step F ⁇ ;
- the carrier gas phase can be charged with solvent vapor during step D);
- the carrier gas phase can be charged with solvent vapor after the exit of the nozzle;
- the solvent may be an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol
- the soluble material may be selected from an aicoolate of general formula M (OR) n , where M is a metal or silicon, and R is an organic alkyl group CnH i, and a precursor of such an alkoxide;
- the solvent may be water
- the material intended to cover the surface to be coated may be a soluble material that may be in suspension or may be dispersed in water, such as nanoparticles.
- titanium oxide a soluble material that may be in suspension or may be dispersed in water, such as nanoparticles.
- - D is the distance in meters (m) between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated
- D is the distance to meter (m) between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 1.5 ⁇ 10 -2 m, and preferably between 10 -3. m and 10 -2 m;
- the flux generated may be such that the ratio R1-FS is greater than 2.1 * exp (19i * D), preferably greater than 9.2 * exp (12 * D), or :
- D is the distance in meters (m) between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 2.3 ⁇ 10 -2 m, and preferably between 10 -3. m and 1, 3.10 '; m;
- the flow generated may be such that the ratio RI ⁇ F / S is greater than 17.6 * exp (114 * D), preferably greater than 21.5 * exp (112 * D) , or :
- S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- D is the distance in meters (m) between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated. D being between 0.2 10 -3 m and ItT 2 m, and preferably between 10 -3 m and 6.10 -3 m; and or
- the flow generated may be such that the Ri TM F / S ratio is greater than 15.5 * exp (100 * D), preferably greater than 19 * exp (96 * D), where i
- S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- - exp is the exponential; 0 is the distance in meters (m) between the exit of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 1.2 ⁇ 2 m, and preferably between 10 -3 m and 6.10 3 m.
- the invention also relates to a device for coating a surface by spraying an aerosol on a surface, comprising; "A container of a solution containing at least one solvent and at least one material or its precursor, intended to cover the surface to be coated, non-volatile, film-forming, and capable of being suspended or dispersible in the solvent
- An aerosol generator capable of generating an aerosol of its solution included in the container
- a tubing connected to the container by a first end
- the tubing comprising a spray nozzle at a second end of the tubing of determined section, and in that the spray nozzle comprises an outlet of section smaller than the section of the second end of the tubing, so that in use an aerosol flow F is accelerated between the second end of the tubing and the outlet of the nozzle.
- the invention also relates to a system for coating a surface of an object by spraying an aerosol on the surface of the object, comprising:
- the support and its outlet of the nozzle of the device being adjustable in position relative to each other.
- system may further comprise means for adjusting the solvent partial pressure of the carrier gas phase; and or
- system may further comprise a control unit comprising an interface, a processor, and a memory comprising a computer program for implementing the preceding method,
- control unit comprising an interface, a processor, and a memory comprising a computer program for implementing the preceding method
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a device according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the outlet of a nozzle used in the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a nozzle used in the method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are diagrammatic perspective views of four embodiments of a device according to the invention.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 histograms illustrating the number of optical quality samples obtained as a function of the ratio R 1 F / S, without and with controlled atmosphere;
- an aerosol corresponds to a set of liquid particles whose composition corresponds to that of the initial solution, modified by the different exchange equilibria occurring with the carrier gas.
- the particles leaving the generator and then the nozzle have a nominal size of a few microns in diameter ⁇ 300% and are characterized in that they are subjected to Brownian motion which allows them to be driven by the carrier gas without sedimentation.
- the invention proposes a spray coating technique of an aerosol which by its embodiments makes it possible, unlike the known solutions of the prior art, to easily deposit optical quality layers by using a nozzle.
- a nozzle whose geometry depends on the geometry of the piece to be coated.
- the nozzle also has the role of confining the flow so that it arrives with an increased speed (typically greater than 4 meters per second) on the surface to be deposited.
- This deposition technique is compatible with parts whose morphology of the surface to be coated does not vary at least over the deposition distance (eg tubes, cylinders, various section bars, flat plates or bent in one direction, etc.).
- the invention relates to a method of coating a surface 100 by spraying a fiimogenic aerosol 110 on the surface, comprising the following successive steps:
- step B generating an aerosol 102 of the solution 101 obtained in step B), the aerosol comprising a gaseous vapor phase and droplets of the solution obtained in step B);
- F is the flow rate in cubic meters per second (m 3 s ⁇ 1 );
- S is the outlet section of the nozzle èn square meters (m 2 ); E) direct the outlet of the nozzle towards the surface to be coated.
- the aerosol is preferably formed by a pneumatic process, from a liquid coating solution, comprising at least one non-volatile filamentary compound, and a carrier gas phase.
- the composition of the aerosol can be controlled by injection or by bubbling or enrichment after generation of the aerosol.
- Figure 4a illustrates a mounting-free to generate an aerosol.
- the device comprises a pressurized air inlet 10 inducing suction of the liquid solution comprising the non-volatile film forming material in a venturi-immersed capillary.
- the aspirated liquid is sprayed onto an impactor 30 which divides it into droplets falling into the tank 31 and into microdroplets constituting an aerosol 102 which is directed towards the outlet 40 of the atomizer.
- the aerosol is then conveyed by a pipe 50 to a solvent-filled scrubber 60 and then through a pipe 110 to the substrate 100.
- References 61 and 62 illustrate alternate positions of the solvent flask in the mounting.
- the aerosol is then sprayed on the surface 100 by means of a nozzle 120, either of small diameter (FIG. 4a) for a selective deposition, or having a rectiiineal slot (FIG. 4b) for a deposit covering a large area.
- a nozzle 120 either of small diameter (FIG. 4a) for a selective deposition, or having a rectiiineal slot (FIG. 4b) for a deposit covering a large area.
- the surface 100 may be arranged on a plate 90 with a motorized "two-axis" translation for possible back-and-forth spraying.
- the substrate is fixed while the nozzle, or even the aerosol generator, and the washing bottle can be placed on a mobile device 91 in order to be able to apply the deposit on already “mounted” surfaces (glazing on buildings , solar panels in parks, street furniture ).
- the geometry of the nozzle is such that the exit is ideally narrow in the direction parallel to the translation and aliongée in the direction perpendicular to the translation, and is adjusted to the morphology of the substrate such that the distance between the nozzle and the surface remains constant over the entire width of the deposit.
- the opening of the nozzle may also have other morphologies depending on the case.
- the outlet of the nozzle is a slot of width e and length L.
- the section S is equal to L * e.
- the length of the nozzle and therefore the slot is 5 cm.
- the ejection of the aerosol to the surface 100 is by means of a nozzle 120 whose outlet 21 is positioned at a determined distance D, in meters (m), from the surface to be coated. , such that the ratio R2 ⁇ F / (S * D) is greater than 200 seconds "1 , preferably greater than 4000 seconds " 1 , advantageously between 10000 seconds "1 and 45000 seconds " 1 .
- the inventors have found that by arranging the outlet of the nozzle at a distance O cleverly determined, it is possible to almost always obtain optical quality coatings with high aerosol velocity value, thereby accelerating the process.
- the numerical coefficients a and ⁇ depend on the type of solution used (alcohol solution or aqueous solution) and the presence or absence of a controlled atmosphere.
- the composition of the carrier gas phase is that of the ambient air, and the solution used is an alcoholic solution: the solvent is an alcohol such as ethanol EtOH and the soluble material is selected from a an alcoholate of general formula M (QR) n , where M is a metal or silicon, and R is an alkyl group C "H2n + i, and a precursor of such an alkoxide.
- the generated flux F is such that the ratio R1-F / S is greater than 5.8 * exp (16Q * D), preferably greater than 12.9 * exp ( 130 * D), where:
- F is the flow in cubic meter per second (m 3 .s 3 ⁇ 4 );
- ® S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- D is the distance in meters (m) between its outlet from the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 1.5 ⁇ 2 m, and preferably between 10 -6. m and 1 ?? -2 m.
- the composition of the carrier gas phase is ambient air which has been modified in that the air stream is charged with solvent vapor before step F) (in step D) or after exiting the nozzle, for example using a controlled atmosphere enclosure), and the solution used is an alcoholic solution.
- the flux generated is such that the ratio R1-F / S is greater than 2.1 * exp (191 * D), preferably greater than 9.2 * exp (1). 12 * 0), where:
- ® F is the flow in cubic meter per second (m 3 .s ⁇ 1 );
- S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- D is the distance in meters (m) between the exit of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 2.3 ⁇ 10 -2 m, and preferably between 10 -3 m m and 1, 3.1er 2 m.
- the composition of the carrier gas phase is ambient air, and the solution used is an aqueous solution: the solvent is water, and the material intended to cover the surface to be coated is a soluble material, may be suspended or dispersible in water such as titanium oxide nanoparticles.
- the generated flux is such that the ratio R1 * F / S is greater than 17.8 * exp (1 14 * D), preferably greater than 21.5 * exp (112 * D), where: "F is the flow in cubic meter per second (m 3 .s * 1 );
- S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- D is the distance in meters (m) between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 ⁇ 10 -3 m and 10 -2 m, and preferably between 10 -3 m and 8 ⁇ 10 -3 m. "3 m.
- the composition of the carrier gas phase is ambient air which has been modified in that the air stream is charged with solvent vapor before being sprayed, and the solution used is an aqueous solution. .
- the generated flux is such that the ratio R1-F / S is greater than 15.5 * exp (10Q * D), preferably greater than 19 * exp (96 * D). ), or :
- F is the flow rate in cubic meters per second (mAs "1 );
- ⁇ S is the outlet section of the nozzle in square meters (m 2 );
- D is the distance in meters (m) between the exit of the nozzle and the surface to be coated, D being between 0.2 10 " 3 m and 1, 2_10 '2 m, and preferably between 10 "3 m and 6.1 g -3 m.
- the homogeneity of the deposit in terms of thickness and structure, depends ia rheology of the initial solution (viscosity, surface tension, volatility, etc.), generation conditions of the aerosol (pressure, flow, composition of the carrier gas), the type of aerosol generator used, but mainly here by the distance between the surface and the nozzle.
- the thickness of the deposit is directly proportional to the quantity deposited per unit area.
- the microdrops In order to impart an optical quality to the films produced, the microdrops must be provided with water on the surface to wet the surface and coalesce with each other to form a thin liquid layer. In other words, the evaporation of the solvent leading to the condensation of the precursors and to the formation of the gel and the solid film should only take place after the deposition phase.
- a solvent enriched atmosphere (100% relative solids vapor pressure) during this phase may be necessary to slow the natural solvent evaporation of the aerosol droplets.
- the flow of carrier gas carrying the droplets is passed through a builder 80 filled with a solvent, for example ethanol, in order to be also loaded with steam of this solvent before being sprayed onto the substrate.
- the level of solvent must be controlled so as to remain equal during the deposit. With this feature, the control of the atmosphere during the deposition is thus managed upstream and therefore does not necessarily require a closed enclosure around the outlet.
- a nozzle is implemented at the end of the transport. It allows to channel the flow of particles before their arrival on the substrate.
- the nozzle used may have shapes adapted to the desired deposit as a function of a localized end coating or covering a large area.
- the aerosol can be applied via the nozzle, perpendicular to a substrate resting in a horizontal position on a motorized support allowing its translation along two directions.
- the nozzle may be placed on a motorized device allowing it to have any type of movement (translation, rotation, inclination) relative to the substrate.
- the main difference from the state of the art concerns the speed of the aerosol flow arriving on your surface.
- everything is done to accelerate the aerosol (droplets + ⁇ carrier gas) above four meters per second.
- everything is done to keep the flow as slow as possible as explained in the introduction.
- the initial film-forming solution can be of all kinds, but those which apply in priority to this invention are sol-gel solutions (organic or inorganic or mixed).
- the film precursor corresponds to a mixture of several non-volatile compounds, and the solvent is typically chosen such that it is capable of producing a homogeneous dispersion, or a total dilution of the species. precursors) and can evaporate under the deposition conditions.
- these are typically alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions.
- the carrier gas is chosen from gases or gas mixtures capable of remaining in the gaseous state during all the steps of the process, it is generally little, and preferably not, reactive with the coating solution. that is, it will not substantially change the chemical properties unless desired.
- the carrier gas is generally introduced into the system in the form of a continuous or batch stream and capable of participating in the formation of the aerosol. I! will be in the majority of cases of pressurized air of industrial quality, but all other compositions could be considered, including a neutral gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- the aerosol can be formed by the various techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- atomization which corresponds to the subdivision of a liquid into small liquid particles
- a pneumatic atomizer in particular impact, uitrasonic or electrostatic
- droplets respectively by pressure, vibration / cavitation, and repulsion / electrostatic attraction forces which overcome the surface tension and viscosity forces governing the initial state of the solution.
- Pneumatic atomization is generally referred to as "two-fluid atomization" because it involves the crossing of the liquid solution with a gas under pressure, usually air.
- a gas under pressure usually air.
- Different mechanisms can be encountered such as simple pressurized atomisatton, centrifugal atomization, air-assisted atomization, air-jet atomization, effervescence atomization or impact atomization (and Venturi effect). or Coliison).
- the ultrasonic atomization involves the contact between the liquid solution and an ultrasonically excited surface.
- Two channels are mainly used to allow this contact: either the liquid passes through a vibrating nozzle excited by ultrasound, or the liquid is poured into a glass container equipped with a piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
- Electrostatic atomization involves a conductive substrate and a very high voltage (between 3 and 15 kV) delivered between it and a metal capillary through which the solution passes.
- the droplets created at the outlet of the capillary, by repulsion between similar charges in the ionized liquid, are directed directly in one direction in response to the imposed electric field.
- the pneumatic atomization method of the droplet solution is preferred. It is usually done by means of a 1.7
- pneumatic impact atomizer also called Venturi or Coilison effect atomizer.
- the principle is based on a pressurized air inlet in the atomizer inducing the Venturi suction of the liquid coating solution, contained in a tank, in a submerged capillary. At the non-submerged end of the capillary, there is projection of the liquid sucked on an impactor. such as a small sphere that divides it into microdroplets. The largest droplets fall back into the tank while the smaller ones form an aerosol automatically heading towards the exit of the atomizer.
- linear nozzles (the length of which may be smaller or equal to the width of the surface to be treated) makes it possible to make deposits in just one pass without having to adjust the sweep deviations that may create overlapping imperfections.
- These may be a succession of basic units that are fixed between them. The number of base units will define the pass width. Each unit would be equipped with one or more aerosol inlets depending on their length. The flow can be optimized by adding an internal part to break its flow direction.
- the invention also makes it possible to produce deposits from coating solutions of different types, and in particular solutions which are immiscible with each other initially.
- the invention can be applied using several aerosols, it is thus possible in step (c) to prepare several aerosols of different nature, including including different film precursors. These aerosols can be combined prior to the steam enrichment or prior to injection.
- the invention also relates to a method of surface coating by an aerosol mixture comprising the sequential steps of generating, updating, mixture ejection.
- the invention also relates to a device and a system for implementing the method described above.
- the device comprises;
- An aerosol generator 30 capable of generating an aerosol of the solution included in the container
- a flow generator to accelerate the aerosol in the tubing.
- the tubing 50-110 comprises a projection nozzle 120 at a second end 112.
- the projection nozzle comprises an outlet of section S smaller than the section of the inlet, so that in use an aerosol flow F is accelerated between the inlet and outlet of the nozzle.
- the invention also relates to a complete system for coating a surface of an object, the system comprising the preceding device, as well as a support for the object, the support and the outlet of the nozzle of the device being adjustable in position relative to each other.
- the system according to the invention is computer controlled. To this end, it comprises a control unit provided with an interface, a processor, and a memory comprising a computer program for implementing the method according to the invention.
- the user can enter, depending on the surface to be coated and the aerosol solution used, the flow rate best suited to its device, and the processor will control automatically a movement between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated to be arranged at the distance D required by the method according to the invention, either by the ratio R2, or by the relationship of type ⁇ * ⁇ ( ⁇ * 0) between the ratio RI and the distance D.
- the system is preferably equipped with means, preferably automated, allowing its displacement relative to the surface, in particular when it bears on it as well as means allowing the specific displacement of the coating device.
- the system also advantageously comprises means for adjusting the partial pressure of the solvent in the gaseous phase, such as, for example, a burner.
- the invention is versatile because it can be used for different types of deposits, coating or film, such as the localized (network) thin deposit or the total deposit covering large areas, thanks in particular to the possible use of nozzles of size and shape. different.
- the atomizer used is the TOPAS AT 210-H (pneumatic impact atomizer). According to the manufacturer's data, the average diameter of droplets generated from water alone is between 0.5 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, it has been shown that for similar atomizers, the polydispersed particles generated from a solution based on the methanol solvent have a diameter of between 0.0035 pm and 35.00 pm.
- the fiow values measured by a flowmeter, at the output of the aero-generator and at the outlet of the nozzle, depend on the pressure and the table of correspondences is given below.
- the deposition conditions are 25 C C / atmospheric pressure.
- the carrier gas is in all cases compressed air, filtered and dried. The same results were obtained with compressed nitrogen of purity> 99.99%.
- the deposits were made with nozzles of slot width e between 0.4 mm and 1.4 mm and at distances between the nozzle and the substrate D ranging from 1 to 13 mm.
- the nozzle used for testing includes an outlet having a rectangular slot.
- the section S of the output is therefore equal to the length L multiplied by the width e of the slot.
- the substrates are pieces of silicon 100 previously cleaned with aceton and ethanol.
- the relative translational velocity of the nozzle and the surface to be coated was set at 7 mm. 1 in the direction of Ax x with reference to FIG. 1, so as to deposit a sufficient quantity of solution per unit area to allow the formation of a layer in the thickness range for which the The optical interferences, which are witnesses of the optical quality, are visible, and this speed makes it possible to adjust the thickness of the layer, although the invention is not limited by this deposition rate.
- the speed of the flow was varied by incrementing the pressure of the gas injected into the aerosol generator by 0.5 bar at 20 mm between 0.5 bar and 4.5 bar, so that compare the effect of aerosol flow velocity on the same sample.
- the samples are grouped into three categories: the NO bars represent the surface samples having poor optical quality, the O bars represent the surface samples having good optical quality, and the Int bars represent the surface samples having an intermediate optical quality.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the number of samples in each category, for different ratio intervals R1 (flow rate F),
- the aqueous solution E makes it possible to obtain samples of good optical quality only from 15 meters per second.
- the nozzle should not be too far from the surface to be coated. This is illustrated by the histograms of Figures 7 and 8 showing the number of samples in each category, for different ratio intervals R2 (flow rate F divided by the distance D between the outlet of the nozzle and the surface to be coated). These histograms show that the ratio R2 must be at least 1200 seconds -1 to obtain samples of good optical quality.
- the inventors have realized that there is a relationship between the distance D and the ejection speed to obtain almost virtually optical quality coatings.
- the pair 201 (25 m.s s "1 , 0.004 m) is located above all the curves of the alcoholic solutions and will make it possible to obtain almost always samples of good optical quality with these solutions, but very little with a solution aqueous E; o
- the torque 202 ⁇ 17 ms; 0.005 m) is located above the curve of the solution D and on the curve of the solution B, H will make it practically possible to obtain samples of good optical quality with these two solutions, but much less with the solutions A and C, and even less with the aqueous solution E;
- the second is that at equal distances, alcoholic solutions make it possible to obtain samples of good optical quality at lower speeds than aqueous solutions; in corollary, at equal speeds, the alcoholic solutions make it possible to obtain samples of good optical quality at greater distances D,
- the third is that the presence of an EtOH ethanol atmosphere decreases the coefficients a and ⁇ , which means that the process is more flexible since the speeds to be used are lower and the distance D can be higher. important.
- Curves 1 and 2 in dashed lines represent, empirically, an "implementation corridor” acceptable for alcoholic solutions A, B, C and D.
- curves 3 and 4 represent, empirically, a "Implementation corridor” acceptable for aqueous solutions E.
- the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain optical quality surfaces more quickly than with the known methods, since the projection speed is increased. For 2 different F / S ratios, identical optical qualities can be obtained by adjusting the translation speed parameter.
- compositions in grams, of these solutions are reported in the following table:
- Deposition tests were carried out with a nozzle of length L equal to 16 cm instead of 5 cm, the width of the exit slot being 0.4 mm. It is observed that the coating of the substrate is present on 18 cm in width, the effective length of the exit slot of the nozzle. Of course, the invention is not limited by the length of the slot.
- the deposition tests already carried out have made it possible to obtain homogeneous coatings in thickness and optical quality with a thickness of between 5 nm and 1000 nm. Tests carried out with an industrial formulation (of unspecified composition) led to homogeneous and optical quality coatings with a thickness of 4,400 nm.
- the thickness range that can be envisaged with the process according to the invention, while keeping a homogeneous deposit and of optical quality, is not restricted to the range 5 nm ⁇ 1 000 nm but in the range of 5 nm to several microns.
- the inhomogeneity is determined in the following manner:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/118,818 US20170043369A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Surface coating method and device for carrying out said method |
KR1020167022619A KR20170019334A (ko) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | 표면 코팅 방법 및 상기 방법을 실행하기 위한 장치 |
CA2938505A CA2938505A1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
EP15709754.4A EP3113888A1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
JP2016550856A JP2017512125A (ja) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | 表面をコーティングするための方法及びその方法を実行するための装置 |
CN201580009885.4A CN106536063A (zh) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | 表面涂覆方法及实施所述方法的装置 |
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FR1451132 | 2014-02-13 | ||
FR1451132A FR3017313B1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en œuvre. |
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WO2015121827A1 true WO2015121827A1 (fr) | 2015-08-20 |
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PCT/IB2015/051061 WO2015121827A1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Procede d'enduction de surface et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
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US (1) | US20170043369A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3113888A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2017512125A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20170019334A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN106536063A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2938505A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3017313B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015121827A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020216949A1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Nexdot | Encre stabilisée comprenant des particules semi-conductrices et ses utilisations |
Citations (3)
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EP0486393A1 (fr) | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-20 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procédé sol-gel de dépôt de couches minces par pulvérisation ultrasonore |
US20050115671A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Substrate treating apparatus and substrate treating method |
US20130295751A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2013-11-07 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Thin film forming device for solar cell and thin film forming method |
Family Cites Families (8)
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JPH08330303A (ja) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 薄膜形成方法および薄膜形成装置 |
JP3613255B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-22 | 2005-01-26 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 成膜装置 |
CN1938451A (zh) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | 东陶机器株式会社 | 使用气溶胶制造被膜的方法、用于该方法的粒子混合物、以及被膜和复合材料 |
JP4940425B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-24 | 2012-05-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 原料ガス噴出用ノズル及び化学的気相成膜装置 |
CN101086060A (zh) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-12-12 | 湘潭大学 | 一种制备具有室温铁磁性氧化锌基稀磁半导体薄膜的方法 |
CN101978097B (zh) * | 2007-10-16 | 2013-02-13 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 成膜方法和成膜装置 |
JP5679689B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-08 | 2015-03-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 薄膜の作製方法及び作製装置 |
KR101419671B1 (ko) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-07-30 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 제막 방법, 제막체, 및 색소 증감 태양 전지 |
-
2014
- 2014-02-13 FR FR1451132A patent/FR3017313B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-02-12 CA CA2938505A patent/CA2938505A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2015-02-12 JP JP2016550856A patent/JP2017512125A/ja active Pending
- 2015-02-12 KR KR1020167022619A patent/KR20170019334A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-02-12 CN CN201580009885.4A patent/CN106536063A/zh active Pending
- 2015-02-12 WO PCT/IB2015/051061 patent/WO2015121827A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-02-12 US US15/118,818 patent/US20170043369A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-02-12 EP EP15709754.4A patent/EP3113888A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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EP0486393A1 (fr) | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-20 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procédé sol-gel de dépôt de couches minces par pulvérisation ultrasonore |
US20050115671A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Substrate treating apparatus and substrate treating method |
US20130295751A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2013-11-07 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Thin film forming device for solar cell and thin film forming method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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LANGLET ET AL.: "Handbook soi-gel science and technology - Vol.1, Sol-gel processing", vol. 1, 2005, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, article "Ultrasonic pulverization of an aerosol: a versatile tool for the deposition of sol-gel thin films", pages: 289 - 307 |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020216949A1 (fr) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Nexdot | Encre stabilisée comprenant des particules semi-conductrices et ses utilisations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3017313B1 (fr) | 2017-12-08 |
US20170043369A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
FR3017313A1 (fr) | 2015-08-14 |
JP2017512125A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
CN106536063A (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
EP3113888A1 (fr) | 2017-01-11 |
CA2938505A1 (fr) | 2015-08-20 |
KR20170019334A (ko) | 2017-02-21 |
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