WO2015109565A1 - 水稻专用肥料及其制备和用于生产大米的方法 - Google Patents
水稻专用肥料及其制备和用于生产大米的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015109565A1 WO2015109565A1 PCT/CN2014/071480 CN2014071480W WO2015109565A1 WO 2015109565 A1 WO2015109565 A1 WO 2015109565A1 CN 2014071480 W CN2014071480 W CN 2014071480W WO 2015109565 A1 WO2015109565 A1 WO 2015109565A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- fertilizer
- special
- paddy
- seedlings
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000239366 Euphausiacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium nickel sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DAPUDVOJPZKTSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, and particularly to a rice-specific fertilizer, a preparation thereof, and a method for producing rice.
- Rice growth relies on the absorption of light, heat and carbon dioxide from the leaves, sheaths and stems of the shoots, and the production of organic matter by the absorption of water and various nutrients by the roots of the ground. These nutrients contain a large number of elements, trace elements and special elements.
- the common technical means of fertilization mainly include soaking seed fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, base fertilizer, spreading fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer.
- Soaking seed fertilizer is to add some nutrients such as zinc and selenium to the soaking solution during rice soaking, so that the seeds can inhale a certain amount of mineral elements during the soaking process to maintain their growth and development in the later stage.
- the seedling fertilizer is to mix nutrient fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nursery soil during the rice seedling raising process to maintain the growth and development process of rice after germination.
- the base fertilizer is mainly applied to the surface of the paddy field before rice transplanting, and then rotary tillage, flooding, and flat land are prepared for transplanting.
- the application of topdressing is to supplement the missing nutrients in rice by applying fertilizer to the rhizosphere of rice during the growth of rice after transplanting.
- Foliar fertilizer is a way of feeding nutrients to crops by spraying soluble liquid fertilizer on the foliage.
- the present invention provides a rice-specific fertilizer, a preparation thereof, and a method for producing rice.
- the rice-specific fertilizer provided by the present invention is composed of the following parts by weight: Nutrients 1 ⁇ 1000;
- the nutrient is one of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, boron, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, manganese, chromium, nickel, fluorine, vanadium, silicon or germanium or The substance of its combination.
- the nutrient is one of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, boron, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, manganese, chromium, nickel, fluorine, vanadium, silicon or germanium. Or one or a combination of mineral powders, compounds or fertilizers, or combinations thereof.
- the fertilizer is an organic fertilizer, a slow-release nutrient fertilizer or a controlled-release nutrient fertilizer.
- the biomass filling material is one or a combination of biomass fibers.
- the biomass fiber is one of rice straw, rice husk, wheat straw, corn stover, corn cob, reed or wood, or any mixture of two or more thereof.
- the invention provides the above preparation method of the special fertilizer for rice, comprising the following steps:
- step 2) The paste mixture obtained in the step 1) is placed in a tray mold, flattened and compacted, and dried to obtain a sheet-like rice-like fertilizer for a thickness of 3-8 mm, wherein the sheet-like carpet-like rice
- the amount of nutrients added to the special fertilizer is 6 to 6200 g/m 2 . Simultaneous application of rice-specific fertilizer to the roots of the seedlings.
- the special fertilizer for rice is a thin carpet having a thickness of 3-8 mm, and the length and width thereof are adjusted to be the same as the size of the rice seedling tray.
- the special fertilizer for the thin carpet rice is placed on the rice transplanter box.
- the seedlings in the rice seedling tray are placed on top of the carpet-like rice-specific fertilizer for mechanical transplanting, and the thin-grained rice-like rice fertilizer is inserted into the field of the seedlings together with the seedlings, and the sheet-like rice-like fertilizer is used.
- the amount of nutrients added is 6 to 6200 g/m 2 .
- the amount of nutrients added to the sheet-like carpet-specific rice fertilizer is 1530 to 4620 g/
- the special fertilizer for rice provided by the invention has easy availability of raw materials and simple preparation process.
- the rice transplanted rice special fertilizer can be simultaneously applied to the root of the seedlings during rice transplanting, so as to supply nutrients to the rice in a long-term and efficient manner.
- the method provided by the invention requires less labor and skillfully utilizes the transplanting.
- the machine is applied to solve the problem of inconvenient travel of the spreader in the paddy field, which saves labor, and the fertilizer application point is precisely located in the rhizosphere of the rice, which has higher utilization rate than the fertilizer, which can effectively reduce the cost and reduce the cost. Pollution to the environment.
- the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention and can be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention.
- a tray mold of the same specifications as the nursery tray was produced, and the size of the tray mold was 580 mm in length, 280 mm in width, and 10 mm in depth.
- the biomass filling materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover and reed are pulverized into small sections, and biomass materials such as wood chips and rice husks are added, and dry fine soil (dry fine soil is recognized as dry fine particles in the field)
- Soil which is a fine soil that meets the standards for breeding, and nutrients (materials containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and medium-sized minerals) are crushed into powder, and then 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 2.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2.5 kg of potassium fertilizer powder, and fine 10 kg of soil powder and 2 kg of small biomass filling material are mixed into the mixer and mixed thoroughly.
- the water is sprayed to keep it moist during the stirring process. The amount of water accounts for 40% of the dry fine soil.
- the prepared carpet-like fertilizer is placed on the rice transplanter box, and then the seedlings in the rice seedling tray are placed on top of the fertilizer, and the parameters of the rice transplanter are adjusted for mechanical transplanting, and the special fertilizer and seedling for rice transplanting are transplanted. After being inserted into Putian, it is located at the root of the seedlings. The number of discs is 25 discs.
- the yield of rice per mu was the same as that of the implementation group of 20 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the same period, and the fertilizer utilization rate was greatly improved.
- a tray mold of the same specifications as the nursery tray was produced, and the size of the tray mold was 580 mm in length, 280 mm in width, and 10 mm in depth.
- the biomass filling materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover and reed are pulverized into small sections, and biomass materials such as wood chips and rice husks are added to dry soil and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium-mine minerals).
- the material is pulverized into powder, then 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2 kg of potassium fertilizer powder, 0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.2 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.005 kg of sodium selenite, 0.095 kg of borax, dry fine powder 5 Kg, small section of biomass filling material l kg coarsely mixed and added to the mixer to mix well, and the water is sprayed to keep it moist during the mixing process. The amount of water accounts for 40% of the dry fine soil.
- the prepared carpet-like fertilizer is placed on the rice transplanter box, and then the seedlings in the rice seedling tray are placed on top of the fertilizer, and the parameters of the rice transplanter are adjusted for mechanical transplanting, and the special fertilizer and seedling for rice transplanting are transplanted. After being inserted into Putian, they are located at the root of the seedlings, and the number of pans per acre is 25 plates.
- the yield per unit of rice was the same as that of the implementation group that applied 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 7.5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 8 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the same period, and the fertilizer utilization rate was greatly improved.
- a tray mold of the same specifications as the nursery tray was produced, and the size of the tray mold was 580 mm in length, 280 mm in width, and 10 mm in depth.
- biomass filling materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover and reed into small
- biomass materials such as wood chips and rice husks, crushing dry soil and nutrients (materials containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium-minor minerals) into powder, then sodium selenite 0.005 kg, borax 0.005 kg, dry fine soil powder 5 kg, small section biomass filling material 0.5 kg coarse mixing, add to the mixer and mix well.
- sodium selenite 0.005 kg, borax 0.005 kg, dry fine soil powder 5 kg, small section biomass filling material 0.5 kg coarse mixing add to the mixer and mix well.
- the prepared carpet-like fertilizer is placed on the rice transplanter box, and then the seedlings in the rice seedling tray are placed on top of the fertilizer, and the parameters of the rice transplanter are adjusted for mechanical transplanting, and the special fertilizer and seedling for rice transplanting are transplanted. After being inserted into Putian, they are located at the root of the seedlings, and the number of pans per acre is 25 plates.
- the rice is cultivated by the method, and the selenium content of the rice obtained after rice milling is 160.5 ⁇ g/kg, which is greatly improved compared with the selenium content of ordinary rice (about 20 g/kg), which is a kind of selenium-enriched rice. Methods.
- a tray type mold having a size of 580 mm, a width of 2800 mm, and a depth of 10 mm was produced.
- biomass filling materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover and reed are pulverized into small sections, and biomass materials such as wood chips and rice husks are added to dry soil and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium-mine minerals).
- the material is pulverized into powder, then 1.5 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.4 kg of calcium metasilicate, 0.1 kg of ammonium ferrous sulfate, 0.1 kg of nano zinc oxide, 0.005 kg of sodium selenite, 0.007 kg of potassium iodide, 0.005 kg of borax, Ammonium molybdate 0.1 kg, copper sulfate 0.05 kg, amino acid chelated cobalt fertilizer 0.003 kg, manganese sulfate 0.1 kg, chromium nitrate 0.03 kg, ammonium nickel sulfate 0.02 kg, Antarctic krill shell 0.05 kg, ammonium metavanadate 0.025 kg, chlorine 0.005 kg of phlegm, 5 kg of dry fine soil powder, 0.5 kg of small biomass filling material, and then mixed thoroughly into a mixer.
- the water is continuously sprayed to keep it moist. The amount of water accounts for the amount of dry fine soil. 40%.
- the material is placed in a mold, flattened and compacted, and then dried or dried to obtain a special fertilizer for rice transplanting, which has a thickness of 3-8 mm, and then the prepared fertilizer is cut into small pieces of 580 mm x 280 mm.
- 10 pieces of carpet-like fertilizer were obtained by cutting together (each piece of carpet-like machine-planted rice special fertilizer contains 0.25 kg of nutrients, that is, 1530 g/m 2 ). Bag, seal and label the ingredients.
- the prepared carpet-like fertilizer is placed on the rice transplanter box, and then the seedlings in the rice seedling tray are placed on top of the fertilizer, and the parameters of the rice transplanter are adjusted for mechanical transplanting, and the special fertilizer and seedling for rice transplanting are transplanted. After being inserted into Putian, they are located at the root of the seedlings, and the number of pans per acre is 25 plates.
- the yield per mu of rice is increased by about 50 kg/mu compared with the control experimental group (yield 625 kg/mu), an increase of 8%, which is a fertilizer for increasing yield, the fertilizer of the method. It can bring significant beneficial effects to rice production increase and farmers' income increase.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了一种水稻专用肥料及其制备和用于生产大米的方法。该水稻专用肥料,由如下重量份数的组分构成:养分1-1000;干细土500-1000;生物质填充材料50-200;其中,所述养分为含氮、磷、钾、钙、铁、锌、硒、碘、硼、钼、铜、钴、锰、铬、镍、氟、钒、硅或锶中的一种或其组合的物质。本申请提供的水稻用肥料,原料易得,制备工艺简单。其用于生产大米时,在水稻进行机插秧时可将机插秧水稻专用肥料同步施加在秧苗根部,以长期高效地向水稻供应养分,本申请所提供的方法花费人工较少,巧妙的利用插秧机进行施肥,可节省劳动力,而且其肥料施加点精准位于水稻根际,比撒施肥料具有更高的利用率。
Description
水稻专用肥料及其制备和用于生产大米的方法 技术领域 本发明属于农作物种植领域, 具体涉及一种水稻专用肥料及其制备和 用于生产大米的方法。 背景技术 水稻生长依靠地上部的叶、 叶鞘和茎吸收光、 热和二氧化碳, 依靠地 下部根吸收水分和各种营养元素制造有机物质。 这些营养元素中有大量元 素、 微量元素和特种元素。 在水稻栽培技术领域, 施肥常见的技术手段主 要有浸种肥、 育苗肥、 基肥、 撒施追肥、 叶面肥等。
浸种肥即是在水稻浸种过程中向浸种溶液中加入一些养分, 如锌、 硒 等微量元素, 使种子在浸种过程中吸入一定量的矿物质元素, 维持其在后 期的生长发育。 育苗肥即为在水稻育苗过程中, 在育苗土中拌入氮、 磷、 钾等养分肥料, 维持水稻发芽后生长发育过程。 基肥主要在水稻插秧之前 撒施在水稻田表层, 随后旋耕、 漫水、 平地来准备好插秧用田。 撒施追肥 是在水稻插秧后的生长环节中, 通过向水稻根际施加肥料的方式补充水稻 缺失的养分。 叶面肥是通过叶面喷洒可溶性液态肥料向作物补充养分的一 种方式。
水稻施肥的方式多种多样, 然而, 各种方式都有各自的不足之处, 浸 种肥操作复杂, 效果不佳, 育苗肥肥效较短, 不能维持水稻一生的需要, 基肥以及撒施追肥易于流失, 其肥料利用率也不高, 叶面肥则受到天气的 影响较大, 此外, 这些方式都需要花费较多的人工。 发明内容 为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供了一种水稻专用肥料及其制备和 用于生产大米的方法。
本发明提供的水稻专用肥料, 由如下重量份数的组分构成:
养分 1〜1000;
干细土 500〜1000;
生物质填充材料 50〜200;
其中, 所述养分为含氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁、 锌、 硒、 碘、 硼、 钼、 铜、 钴、 锰、 铬、 镍、 氟、 钒、 硅或锶中的一种元素或其组合的物质。
优选地, 所述养分为含氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁、 锌、 硒、 碘、 硼、 钼、 铜、 钴、 锰、 铬、 镍、 氟、 钒、 硅或锶中的一种元素或其组合的矿物粉、 化合物或肥料中的一种或其组合。
优选地, 所述肥料为有机肥、 缓释养分肥或控释养分肥。
优选地, 所述生物质填充材料为生物质纤维中的一种或其组合。
进一步优选地, 所述生物质纤维为水稻秸秆、 水稻稻壳、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 玉米芯、 芦苇或木头中的一种或其两种以上任意混合物。
本发明提供上述的水稻专用肥料的制备方法, 包含以下步骤:
1 )将生物质填充材料粉碎; 将干细土和养分分别粉碎为粉末状, 然后将养 分粉末、 干细土粉末和粉碎后的生物质填充材料按所述比例搅拌混合, 搅 拌过程中, 不停喷洒水使其湿润, 水的用量为干细土重量的 40-60%;
2 )将步骤 1 )得到的糊状混合物装入的托盘式模具中, 推平并压实, 干燥, 得到厚度为 3-8 mm的薄片地毯状的水稻专用肥料, 其中, 薄片地毯状的水 稻专用肥料中加入的养分的量 6〜6200 g/ m2。 将水稻专用肥料同步施加在秧苗根部。
作为优选技术方案, 水稻专用肥料为厚度 3-8 mm的薄片地毯状, 调整 其长度以及宽度与水稻育秧盘的大小一样, 插秧时, 将薄片地毯状水稻专 用肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育秧盘中的秧苗放置在薄片地毯 状水稻专用肥料上方, 进行机械插秧, 薄片地毯状水稻专用肥料与秧苗一 起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 其中, 薄片地毯状的水稻专用肥料 中加入的养分的量 6〜6200 g/ m2。
优选地,薄片地毯状的水稻专用肥料中加入的养分的量为 1530〜4620 g/
本发明提供的水稻专用肥料, 原料易得, 制备工艺简单。 其用于生产 大米时, 在水稻进行机插秧时可将机插秧水稻专用肥料同步施加在秧苗根 部, 以长期高效地向水稻供应养分, 本发明所提供的方法花费人工较少, 巧妙的利用插秧机进行施肥, 解决了撒肥人员在水田田中行进不便的问题, 可节省劳动力, 而且其肥料施加点精准位于水稻根际, 比撒施肥料具有更 高的利用率, 可有效减少成本, 同时减少对环境的污染。 具体实施方式 下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明, 以使本领域的技术人员 可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施, 但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限 定。
实施例 1
首先, 制作与育秧盘规格一样的托盘式模具, 所述托盘式模具的尺寸 为: 长为 580 mm, 宽为 280 mm, 深度为 10 mm。
将水稻秸秆、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 芦苇等生物质填充材料粉碎为小 段, 同时加入碎木屑、 稻壳等生物质材料, 将干细土 (干细土为本领域公 认的干燥的细颗粒的土, 是符合育秧标准的细土)、 养分(含氮、 磷、 钾以 及中微量矿物质的材料)分别粉碎为粉状, 然后将氮肥 5 kg、 磷肥 2.5 kg、 钾肥粉末 2.5 kg、 干细土粉末 10 kg、 小段生物质填充材料 2 kg粗混后加入 搅拌机中充分混合均匀, 搅拌过程中不停喷洒水使其湿润, 所述水的用量 占干细土用量的 40%。
在托盘式模具内垫一张托盘底面一样大的纸, 然后将所制得的糊状肥 料等分成 10份, 分别装入 10个不同模具中, 推平并压实, 然后晾干或者 烘干, 得到薄片地毯状的机插秧水稻专用肥料(每块薄片地毯状的机插秧 水稻专用肥料含养分 lkg, 即 6200 g/m2 )。 装袋, 封口并贴上成分标签。
机插秧时, 将制得的地毯状肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育 秧盘中的秧苗放置在所述肥料上方, 调节好插秧机参数进行机械插秧, 机 插秧水稻专用肥料与秧苗一起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 每亩用
秧盘数量为 25盘。
利用本方法栽培水稻, 其稻谷亩产量与在相同时期撒施氮肥 20 kg/亩、 磷肥 8 kg/亩、 钾肥 12 kg/亩的实施组取得一样的产量, 可见其肥料利用率 得到大幅提高。
实施例 2
首先, 制作与育秧盘规格一样的托盘式模具, 所述托盘式模具的尺寸 为: 长为 580 mm, 宽为 280 mm, 深度为 10 mm。
将水稻秸秆、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 芦苇等生物质填充材料粉碎为小 段, 同时加入碎木屑、 稻壳等生物质材料, 将干土、 养分(含氮、 磷、 钾 以及中微量矿物质的材料)分别粉碎为粉状, 然后将氮肥 3 kg、 磷肥 2 kg、 钾肥粉末 2 kg、 硫酸锌 0.2 kg、 硫酸亚铁 0.2 kg、 亚硒酸钠 0.005 kg、 硼砂 0.095 kg, 干细土粉末 5 kg、小段生物质填充材料 l kg粗混后加入搅拌机中 充分混合均匀, 搅拌过程中不停喷洒水使其湿润, 所述水的用量占干细土 用量的 40%。
在托盘式模具内垫一张托盘底面一样大的纸, 然后将所制得的糊状肥 料等分成 10份, 分别装入 10个不同模具中, 推平并压实, 然后晾干或者 烘干, 得到薄片地毯状的机插秧水稻专用肥料(每块薄片地毯状的机插秧 水稻专用肥料含养分 0.75 kg, 即 4620 g/m2 )。 装袋, 封口并贴上成分标签。
机插秧时, 将制得的地毯状肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育 秧盘中的秧苗放置在所述肥料上方, 调节好插秧机参数进行机械插秧, 机 插秧水稻专用肥料与秧苗一起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 每亩用 秧盘数量为 25盘。
利用本方法栽培水稻, 其稻谷亩产量与在相同时期撒施氮肥 10 kg/亩、 磷肥 7.5 kg/亩、 钾肥 8 kg/亩的实施组取得一样的产量, 可见其肥料利用率 得到大幅提高。
实施例 3
首先, 制作与育秧盘规格一样的托盘式模具, 所述托盘式模具的尺寸 为: 长为 580 mm, 宽为 280 mm, 深度为 10 mm。
将水稻秸秆、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 芦苇等生物质填充材料粉碎为小
段, 同时加入碎木屑、 稻壳等生物质材料, 将干土、 养分(含氮、 磷、 钾 以及中微量矿物质的材料)分别粉碎为粉状, 然后将亚硒酸钠 0.005 kg、 硼砂 0.005 kg、 干细土粉末 5 kg、 小段生物质填充材料 0.5 kg粗混后加入搅 拌机中充分混合均匀, 搅拌过程中不停喷洒水使其湿润, 所述水的用量占 干细土用量的 40%。
在托盘式模具内垫一张托盘底面一样大的纸, 然后将所制得的糊状肥 料等分成 10份, 分别装入 10个不同模具中, 推平并压实, 然后晾干或者 烘干, 得到薄片地毯状的机插秧水稻专用肥料(每块薄片地毯状的机插秧 水稻专用肥料含养分 0.001 kg, 即 6 g/m2 )。 装袋, 封口并贴上成分标签。
机插秧时, 将制得的地毯状肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育 秧盘中的秧苗放置在所述肥料上方, 调节好插秧机参数进行机械插秧, 机 插秧水稻专用肥料与秧苗一起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 每亩用 秧盘数量为 25盘。
利用本方法栽培水稻, 其稻谷经碾米后获得的大米硒含量为 160.5 μ g/kg, 相比于普通大米的硒含量(约 20 g/kg )得到大幅提高, 是一种生 产富硒大米的方法。
实施例 4
首先, 制作托盘式模具, 所述托盘式模具的尺寸为: 长为 580 mm, 宽 为 2800 mm, 深度为 10 mm。
将水稻秸秆、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 芦苇等生物质填充材料粉碎为小 段, 同时加入碎木屑、 稻壳等生物质材料, 将干土、 养分(含氮、 磷、 钾 以及中微量矿物质的材料)分别粉碎为粉状, 然后将有机肥 1.5 kg、 偏硅酸 钙 0.4 kg、 硫酸亚铁铵 0.1 kg、 纳米氧化锌 0.1 kg、 亚硒酸钠 0.005 kg、 碘 化钾 0.007 kg、 硼砂 0.005 kg、 钼酸铵 0.1 kg、 硫酸铜 0.05kg, 氨基酸螯合 钴肥 0.003 kg、 硫酸锰 0.1 kg、 硝酸铬 0.03 kg、 硫酸镍铵 0.02 kg、 南极磷 虾壳 0.05 kg、 偏钒酸铵 0.025 kg、 氯化锶 0.005 kg、 干细土粉末 5 kg、 小段 生物质填充材料 0.5 kg粗混后加入搅拌机中充分混合均匀, 搅拌过程中不 停喷洒水使其湿润, 所述水的用量占干细土用量的 40%。
在托盘式模具内垫一张托盘底面一样大的纸, 然后将所制得的糊状肥
料装入模具中, 推平并压实, 然后晾干或者烘干, 得到机插秧水稻专用肥 料, 其厚度为 3-8 mm, 然后将制得的肥料切割为 580 mm x 280 mm的小块 状, 共切割得到 10块地毯状肥料(每块薄片地毯状的机插秧水稻专用肥料 含养分 0.25 kg, 即 1530 g/m2 )。 装袋, 封口并贴上成分标签。
机插秧时, 将制得的地毯状肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育 秧盘中的秧苗放置在所述肥料上方, 调节好插秧机参数进行机械插秧, 机 插秧水稻专用肥料与秧苗一起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 每亩用 秧盘数量为 25盘。
利用本方法栽培水稻,其稻谷亩产量相比于对照实验组(产量为 625 kg/ 亩)提高了约 50 kg/亩, 提高幅度达 8%, 是一种助增产的肥料, 本方法的 肥料能为水稻增产、 农民增收带来显著的有益效果。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例, 本发 明的保护范围不限于此。 本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等 同替代或变换, 均在本发明的保护范围之内。 本发明的保护范围以权利要 求书为准。
Claims
1、 一种水稻专用肥料, 其特征在于, 由如下重量份数的组分构成: 养分 1〜1000;
干细土 500〜1000;
生物质填充材料 50〜200;
其中, 所述养分为含氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁、 锌、 硒、 碘、 硼、 钼、 铜、 钴、 锰、 铬、 镍、 氟、 钒、 硅或锶中的一种元素或其组合的物质。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的水稻专用肥料, 其特征在于, 所述养分为含 氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁、 锌、 硒、 碘、 硼、 钼、 铜、 钴、 锰、 铬、 镍、 氟、 钒、 硅或锶中的一种元素或其组合的矿物粉、 化合物或肥料中的一种或其 组合。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的水稻专用肥料, 其特征在于, 所述肥料为有 机肥、 缓释养分肥或控释养分肥。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的水稻专用肥料, 其特征在于, 所述生物质填 充材料为生物质纤维中的一种或其组合。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的水稻专用肥料, 其特征在于, 所述生物质纤 维为水稻秸秆、 水稻稻壳、 小麦秸秆、 玉米秸秆、 玉米芯、 芦苇或木头中 的一种或其两种以上任意混合物。
6、 权利要求 1〜5任一项所述的水稻专用肥料的制备方法,其特征在于, 包含以下步骤:
1 )将生物质填充材料粉碎; 将干细土和养分分别粉碎为粉末状, 然后将养 分粉末、 干细土粉末和粉碎后的生物质填充材料按所述比例搅拌混合, 搅 拌过程中, 不停喷洒水使其湿润, 水的用量为干细土重量的 40-60%;
2 )将步骤 1 )得到的糊状混合物装入的托盘式模具中, 推平并压实, 干燥, 得到厚度为 3-8 mm的薄片地毯状的水稻专用肥料, 其中, 薄片地毯状的水 稻专用肥料中加入的养分的量 6〜6200 g/ m2。
7、 权利要求 1〜5任一项所述的水稻专用肥料用于生产大米的方法, 其 特征在于, 水稻插秧时, 将水稻专用肥料同步施加在秧苗根部。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法,其特征在于,水稻专用肥料为厚度 3-8 mm的薄片地毯状,调整其长度以及宽度与水稻育秧盘的大小一样,插秧时, 将薄片地毯状水稻专用肥料放置在插秧机秧箱上, 然后将水稻育秧盘中的 秧苗放置在薄片地毯状水稻专用肥料上方, 进行机械插秧, 薄片地毯状水 稻专用肥料与秧苗一起被插入秧田后位于秧苗的根部位置, 其中, 薄片地 毯状的水稻专用肥料中加入的养分的量 6〜6200 g/ m2。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 薄片地毯状的水稻专用 肥料中加入的养分的量为 1530〜4620 g/ m2。
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CN111480433A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-04 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | 一种有机肥、氮肥和秸秆配施的施肥方法 |
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