WO2015107612A1 - イオン移動度分析装置及び質量分析装置 - Google Patents
イオン移動度分析装置及び質量分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015107612A1 WO2015107612A1 PCT/JP2014/050406 JP2014050406W WO2015107612A1 WO 2015107612 A1 WO2015107612 A1 WO 2015107612A1 JP 2014050406 W JP2014050406 W JP 2014050406W WO 2015107612 A1 WO2015107612 A1 WO 2015107612A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
- G01N27/623—Ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/06—Electron- or ion-optical arrangements
- H01J49/062—Ion guides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/004—Combinations of spectrometers, tandem spectrometers, e.g. MS/MS, MSn
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/42—Stability-of-path spectrometers, e.g. monopole, quadrupole, multipole, farvitrons
- H01J49/4205—Device types
- H01J49/421—Mass filters, i.e. deviating unwanted ions without trapping
- H01J49/4215—Quadrupole mass filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion mobility analyzer and a mass spectrometer using the device.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic configuration diagram of a general ion mobility analyzer (see Patent Document 1).
- This ion mobility analyzer includes an ion source 1 that ionizes component molecules in a sample, a drift region 4 for measuring ion mobility, which is provided in a cylindrical housing (not shown), and a drift region 4. And a detector 5 for detecting ions that have moved inside.
- a shutter gate 3 is provided at the entrance end of the drift region 4 in order to send the ions generated in the ion source 1 to the drift region 4 in a pulse manner limited to a very short time width.
- the inside of the housing is an atmospheric pressure atmosphere or a low-vacuum atmosphere of about 100 [Pa], and the DC voltage applied to each of a number of annular electrodes 2 a included in the drift electrode group 2 arranged in the drift region 4.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram showing a potential distribution on the ion optical axis C in the drift region 4.
- a neutral diffusion gas flow is formed in the direction opposite to the acceleration direction by the electric field.
- Ions generated in the ion source 1 are once blocked by a shutter gate 3 provided at the entrance end of the drift region 4, and when the shutter gate 3 is opened in a pulse manner, the ions enter the drift region 4 in a packet form. be introduced.
- the introduced ions travel along a downward potential gradient while colliding with the diffusion gas in the drift region 4.
- Ions are temporally separated by ion mobility depending on their size, three-dimensional structure, charge, etc., and ions having different ion mobility reach the detector 5 with a time difference.
- the collision cross section between the ion and the diffusion gas can be estimated from the drift time required for ions to pass through the drift region 4.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of adjusting the potential distribution on the ion optical axis so that the electric field in the drift region is not uniform and the ion trajectory can be focused in the radial direction.
- it is quite difficult to estimate the cross-sectional area of the collision between the ion and the diffusion gas it is possible to suppress a loss due to ion diffusion and to allow a larger amount of ions to reach the detector. Can be achieved.
- the resolution of an ion mobility analyzer is defined by [drift time] / [peak width] on the spectrum with the drift time as the horizontal axis and the signal intensity as the vertical axis as shown in FIG.
- the drift time In order to increase the drift time, it is necessary to lengthen the drift region, and there are significant restrictions on the size and cost of the apparatus.
- the ion packet diverges as it flies longer due to diffusion caused by collision with the diffusion gas, the peak width increases as the drift time becomes longer. Therefore, even if the drift time is increased by increasing the drift region, the peak width is increased at the same time, so the degree of performance improvement is small.
- the method of increasing the resolution by increasing the drift region has a large demerit that the cost increases and the apparatus becomes large, but the performance improvement is small and it cannot be said that it is very effective.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to perform ion mobility analysis capable of improving performance such as resolution while reducing the size and cost of the apparatus.
- An apparatus and a mass spectrometer using the apparatus are provided.
- the present invention provides an ion mobility analyzer that separates ions according to ion mobility by introducing and flying packet-like ions into the drift region.
- a voltage application unit to be applied to each; It is characterized by having.
- the axial potential distribution (axial potential distribution) on the ion optical axis in the ion moving direction has a linear downward gradient, and is applied to a plurality of electrodes.
- the applied voltage is set.
- the acceleration electric field becomes a uniform electric field.
- the applied voltage to each electrode is set so that the axial potential distribution ⁇ is ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ Z 2 > 0 in at least a part of the acceleration electric field. Is set.
- This is an axial potential distribution in which the downward gradient gradually decreases.
- ions that are clumped (packet-shaped) at the time of introduction into the drift region spread in the direction of the ion optical axis as they move they are delayed in the spread. A larger acceleration is given to the existing ions than to the preceding ions.
- the force acting on the ions by this acceleration is a force that compresses the spread of ions having the same ion mobility on the ion optical axis, thereby reducing the variation in drift time of ions having the same ion mobility.
- the peak width observed on the spectrum when the drift time is taken on the horizontal axis becomes narrower than when the acceleration electric field is a uniform electric field, thereby improving the resolution.
- the spatial potential distribution in the electric field is defined by the Laplace equation. From the Laplace equation definition in the axisymmetric coordinate system, the axial potential distribution is ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ Z 2 > 0.
- the axial potential distribution is ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ Z 2 > 0.
- the applied voltage is adjusted so that the axial potential distribution of the accelerating electric field is ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ Z 2 ⁇ 0, thereby generating a force for pushing ions in the radial direction.
- the ions are converged in the vicinity of the ion optical axis.
- the acceleration electric field is a uniform electric field. More disadvantageous. Therefore, in the ion mobility analyzer according to the present invention, preferably, In order to adjust the action of compressing ions in the acceleration direction in the accelerating electric field, it is preferable to further include a control unit that controls the voltage application unit so as to change the voltage applied to each of the plurality of electrodes.
- a high-resolution measurement mode that prioritizes resolution and a high-sensitivity measurement mode that prioritizes sensitivity can be switched.
- a voltage is applied to each of the plurality of electrodes such that an electric field in which the downward gradient of the potential distribution on the central axes of the plurality of electrodes gradually decreases in the direction of ion movement is formed by at least a part of the acceleration electric field.
- a voltage that produces an electric field with a uniform potential gradient of the potential distribution may be applied to each of the plurality of electrodes.
- the ion packet is compressed in the acceleration direction by at least a part of the acceleration electric field as described above, so that the spread in the acceleration direction of ions having the same ion mobility is small.
- high resolution can be achieved.
- the high-sensitivity measurement mode is designated, a uniform acceleration electric field is formed in the drift region as before.
- the high sensitivity measurement mode and the high resolution measurement mode can be switched in a short time by the control of the control unit, so that a specific component separated by, for example, a liquid chromatograph is introduced. It is also possible to switch between high-resolution measurement and high-sensitivity measurement during a relatively short period of time, and obtain a result for each measurement.
- the ion mobility analyzer according to the present invention is used for a mass spectrometer that separates and detects ions according to the mass-to-charge ratio. You can also. That is, the mass spectrometer according to the present invention is In the ion mobility analyzer, the ion mobility analyzer according to the present invention is disposed between an ion source that generates ions derived from a sample and a mass separator that separates ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio. It is characterized in that the ions separated according to the ion mobility are further separated and detected by a mass separation unit.
- the mass spectrometer according to the present invention can detect ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio and a specific ion mobility with high resolution.
- the resolution can be improved only by changing the voltage applied to the electrode for acceleration without lengthening the drift region. Therefore, high performance can be achieved while avoiding an increase in device cost and an increase in size of the device.
- the schematic block diagram of the ion mobility analyzer which is one Example of this invention. Schematic which shows axial potential distribution in the drift area
- the schematic block diagram of one Example of the mass spectrometer using the ion mobility analyzer which concerns on this invention Schematic configuration diagram of a general ion mobility analyzer (a), schematic diagram (b) showing the potential distribution on the ion optical axis in the drift region of the device, and a diagram showing an example of a spectrum obtained by the device ( c).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ion mobility analyzer of this embodiment. Components that are the same as or correspond to those in the ion mobility analyzer already described with reference to FIG.
- a shutter gate 3 disposed at the inlet end of the drift region 4 and a plurality of annular or cylindrical electrodes 2 a disposed in the drift region 4.
- the components such as the drift electrode group 2 including the detector 5 and the detector 5 disposed behind the exit end of the drift region 4 are the same as those of the conventional apparatus.
- a predetermined voltage is applied to each of the plurality of electrodes 2 a of the drift electrode group 2 from the drift voltage generator 7.
- a pulse voltage is applied to the shutter gate 3 from the shutter voltage generator 6 at a predetermined timing.
- the control unit 8 includes a measurement mode switching unit 81 as a functional block, and controls the voltage generation units 6 and 7, respectively.
- An input unit 9 is connected to the control unit 8, and the user can specify a measurement mode from the input unit 9.
- the major difference between the ion mobility analyzer of the present embodiment and the conventional device is the voltage applied to each electrode 2a from the drift voltage generator 7 when ions are separated according to the ion mobility.
- the ion packet is compressed in the traveling direction, and the resolution is improved.
- ⁇ z ′ The size ⁇ z ′ of the ion packet after a minute time ⁇ t has elapsed from t 0 is given by the following equation (1) when diffusion is not considered.
- ⁇ z ′ ⁇ z + K ⁇ E (z 0 + ⁇ z / 2) ⁇ E (z 0 ⁇ z / 2) ⁇ ⁇ t (1)
- ⁇ z ′ is expressed by the following equation (2) by quadratic approximation.
- ⁇ z ′ ⁇ z ⁇ 1 ⁇ K ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ z 2 ) ⁇ t ⁇ (2)
- E ⁇ was used.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of voltages applied to the plurality of electrodes 2a in the ion mobility analyzer of the present embodiment and the conventional apparatus.
- This is an example when the analysis target is a positive ion.
- a voltage having a linear downward gradient in the acceleration direction that is, the Z-axis direction
- a voltage that gradually reduces the downward gradient in the acceleration direction is applied to each electrode 2a provided at equal intervals. Therefore, the axial potential distribution ⁇ of the acceleration electric field satisfies ⁇ 2 ⁇ / ⁇ Z 2 > 0 over the entire drift region 4.
- the ion packet is compressed in the ion traveling direction using the accelerating electric field as a uniform electric field as before. We do not carry out. This point will be described in detail later.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an electrode model for ion orbit simulation
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an on-axis potential distribution in the ion mobility analyzer of the present embodiment and the conventional device.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a simulation result of ion trajectories in the ion mobility analyzer of the present embodiment
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a simulation result of ion trajectories in the conventional device. In this simulation calculation, the flow of the diffusion gas is not assumed and only the collision with the diffusion gas is considered.
- the electrode 2a is an eight-stage cylindrical electrode, the entire length in the Z-axis direction is 0.125 [m], and the radius is 0.02 [m].
- the initial condition of the ion packet is that the initial width (expansion) in the traveling direction is 0, and the ion packet is distributed in a circular shape having a radius of 5 [mm] and arranged at the entrance end of the drift region 4.
- the pressure in the drift region 4 is set to 1000 [Pa].
- the mean free path of ions is about 6 [ ⁇ m].
- the ion packets are spreading in the ion traveling direction due to diffusion.
- the ion packet is compressed in the traveling direction as it travels, and the spread of the ion packet in the traveling direction is always kept small. Yes.
- the device of this embodiment can obtain a higher resolution than the conventional device.
- voltage value information corresponding to each of the high resolution measurement mode and the high sensitivity measurement mode is stored in a memory or the like provided in the control unit 8.
- the measurement mode switching unit 81 corresponds to the instructed measurement mode.
- the voltage value information is read from the memory, and the drift voltage generator 7 is controlled based on the voltage value information.
- the drift voltage generator 7 applies a predetermined voltage to each electrode 2a included in the drift electrode group 2, and an acceleration electric field or a uniform acceleration electric field in which acceleration is reduced in the traveling direction of ions is formed in the drift region 4. Is done.
- the ion mobility analyzer of the present embodiment can perform measurement with an emphasis on either resolution or sensitivity according to the purpose of analysis.
- the degree of compression in the traveling direction of the ion packet and the degree of expansion in the radial direction vary depending on the axial potential distribution in the drift region 4, not only the switching between the two measurement modes as described above, but also according to the analysis purpose, etc.
- the applied voltage may be set so as to finely adjust the axial potential distribution.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a mass spectrometer (IMS-MS apparatus) using the ion mobility analyzer.
- IMS-MS apparatus ions separated according to the ion mobility in the drift region 4 are introduced into the intermediate vacuum chamber 10 for differential pumping. Then, ions are converged by the ion guide 11 disposed in the intermediate vacuum chamber 10 and sent to the analysis chamber 12 having a high degree of vacuum.
- a quadrupole mass filter 13 and a detector 14 are arranged in the analysis chamber 12. After the ions separated according to the ion mobility are further separated according to the mass-to-charge ratio, the detector 14 To detect.
- the ion mobility of ions derived from a plurality of compounds A and B having different steric structures are different. Therefore, when ions generated substantially simultaneously from the plurality of compounds A and B in the ion source 1 are introduced into the drift region 4 and caused to fly, the ions derived from the compound A and the ions derived from the compound B are caused by the difference in ion mobility. The drift time is different. Therefore, the ion derived from the compound A and the ion derived from the compound B are incident on the quadrupole mass filter 13 with a time difference.
- both the ions derived from the compound A and the ions derived from the compound B pass through the quadrupole mass filter 13 and the detector. 14 is reached.
- ions having other mass-to-charge ratios are removed without passing through the quadrupole mass filter 13. Since the ion derived from compound A and the ion derived from compound B enter the detector 14 with a time difference, when a chromatogram is created, a peak corresponding to an ion derived from compound A and a peak corresponding to an ion derived from compound B are obtained.
- the compounds A and B can be quantified from the peak area values and the like that appear at different time positions.
- mass separation may be performed using another mass separator, for example, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for example, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- an LC-IMS-MS apparatus can be obtained by connecting a liquid chromatograph to the preceding stage of the mass spectrometer as described above, and GC-IMS- can be obtained by connecting a gas chromatograph to the preceding stage of the mass spectrometer. It can be an MS device.
- the ions may be introduced into a collision cell to be dissociated, and product ions generated by the dissociation may be subjected to mass spectrometry.
- MS 2 spectra for a plurality of compounds having the same mass-to-charge ratio and different ion mobilities can be obtained, which is useful for structural analysis of these compounds.
- product ions generated by dissociation in collision cells and ion traps can be introduced into the drift region to measure ion mobility, or mass spectrometry can be performed after product ions are separated according to ion mobility. Also good. Further, ions may be introduced into the Q-TOF apparatus after being separated according to the ion mobility.
- the above-described embodiment is merely an example of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the above-described various modifications. Of course, it is included in the range.
Abstract
Description
a)前記ドリフト領域中に加速電場を形成するためにイオン光軸に沿って配設された円環状又は円筒状である複数の電極と、
b)前記複数の電極の中心軸上のポテンシャル分布の下り勾配がイオンの移動方向に漸減する電場が前記加速電場の少なくとも一部で形成されるように定められた電圧を、前記複数の電極のそれぞれに印加する電圧印加部と、
を備えることを特徴としている。
そこで、本発明に係るイオン移動度分析装置において、好ましくは、
加速電場における加速方向にイオンを圧縮する作用を調整するために、前記複数の電極のそれぞれに印加する電圧を変更するように前記電圧印加部を制御する制御部をさらに備える構成とするとよい。
即ち、本発明に係る質量分析装置は、
試料由来のイオンを生成するイオン源と、イオンを質量電荷比に応じて分離する質量分離部との間に上記本発明に係るイオン移動度分析装置を配設し、該イオン移動度分析装置においてイオン移動度に応じて分離されたイオンを質量分離部によりさらに分離して検出することを特徴としている。
図1は本実施例のイオン移動度分析装置の概略断面図である。図8(a)によりすでに説明したイオン移動度分析装置と同じ又は相当する構成要素には同じ符号を付してある。
Δz'=Δz+K{E(z0+Δz/2)-E(z0-Δz/2)}Δt …(1)
Δzがごく微小であるとすると、Δz'は2次近似により次の(2)式となる。
Δz'=Δz{1-K(∂2φ/∂z2)Δt} …(2)
ここで、E=-∇φを用いた。これより、∂2φ/∂z2>0となる領域ではΔz' <Δzとなり、イオンパケットは電場により進行方向に圧縮されることが分かる。即ち、軸上ポテンシャル分布を、従来装置のような直線勾配(つまりは∂2φ/∂z2=0)ではなく、∂2φ/∂z2>0となるように調整することで、イオンパケットを進行方向に圧縮し、高分解能化を達成することができる。この軸上ポテンシャル分布は、複数の電極2aに印加する電圧値を変更することで適宜に調整することができる。
図2に示すように、従来は、加速方向(つまりZ軸方向)に直線的な下向き勾配となるような電圧が、等間隔で設けられた各電極2aに印加されている。こうした加速電圧によって形成される加速電場の軸上ポテンシャル分布も、加速方向に直線状に下向き勾配となる。つまり、軸上ポテンシャル分布φは原理的には、∂2φ/∂Z2=0となり、加速電場は加速度の変化がない一様電場である。これに対し、本実施例のイオン移動度分析装置では、加速方向に下向きの勾配が徐々に縮小するような電圧が、等間隔で設けられた各電極2aに印加される。そのため、加速電場の軸上ポテンシャル分布φは、ドリフト領域4全体に亘り、∂2φ/∂Z2>0となる。
この例では、ドリフト領域4においてイオン移動度に応じて分離したイオンを、差動排気のための中間真空室10に導入する。そして、該中間真空室10内に配置されたイオンガイド11でイオンを収束し、真空度の高い分析室12へと送り込む。分析室12内には四重極マスフィルタ13と検出器14とが配置されており、イオン移動度に応じて分離されたイオンをさらに質量電荷比に応じて分離したあとに、検出器14により検出する。
2…ドリフト電極群
2a…電極
3…シャッタゲート
4…ドリフト領域
5、14…検出器
6…シャッタ電圧発生部
7…ドリフト電圧発生部
8…制御部
81…測定モード切替部
9…入力部
10…中間真空室
11…イオンガイド
12…分析室
13…四重極マスフィルタ
Claims (4)
- パケット状のイオンをドリフト領域中に導入し飛行させることで、イオンをイオン移動度に応じて分離するイオン移動度分析装置において、
a)前記ドリフト領域中に加速電場を形成するためにイオン光軸に沿って配設された円環状又は円筒状である複数の電極と、
b)前記複数の電極の中心軸上のポテンシャル分布の下り勾配がイオンの移動方向に漸減する電場が前記加速電場の少なくとも一部で形成されるように定められた電圧を、前記複数の電極のそれぞれに印加する電圧印加部と、
を備えることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
加速電場における加速方向にイオンを圧縮する作用を調整するために、前記複数の電極のそれぞれに印加する電圧を変更するように前記電圧印加部を制御する制御部をさらに備えることを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項2に記載のイオン移動度分析装置であって、
分解能を優先させる高分解能測定モードと感度を優先させる高感度測定モードとを切り替え可能であり、前記制御部は、高分解能測定モードが指定されたときに、複数の電極の中心軸上のポテンシャル分布の下り勾配がイオンの移動方向に漸減する電場が前記加速電場の少なくとも一部で形成されるような電圧を複数の電極のそれぞれに印加し、高感度測定モードが指定されたときには、前記ポテンシャル分布の電位勾配が一様である電場となるような電圧を複数の電極のそれぞれに印加することを特徴とするイオン移動度分析装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のイオン移動度分析装置を用いた質量分析装置であって、
試料由来のイオンを生成するイオン源と、イオンを質量電荷比に応じて分離する質量分離部との間に前記イオン移動度分析装置を配設し、該イオン移動度分析装置においてイオン移動度に応じて分離されたイオンを質量分離部によりさらに分離して検出すること特徴とする質量分析装置。
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JP2005174619A (ja) | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Hitachi Ltd | イオン移動度分光計及びイオン移動度分光法 |
GB0408751D0 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2004-05-26 | Micromass Ltd | Mass spectrometer |
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2014
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JP2003294703A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-15 | Ion Track Instruments Llc | 試料空気中の少なくとも一つの注目物質の存在を検査する方法及び捕捉イオン移動度分析計 |
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Also Published As
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JP6128235B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
JPWO2015107612A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
US9874543B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
US20160327516A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
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