WO2015103887A1 - 一种3d矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统 - Google Patents
一种3d矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015103887A1 WO2015103887A1 PCT/CN2014/085472 CN2014085472W WO2015103887A1 WO 2015103887 A1 WO2015103887 A1 WO 2015103887A1 CN 2014085472 W CN2014085472 W CN 2014085472W WO 2015103887 A1 WO2015103887 A1 WO 2015103887A1
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
- G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
Definitions
- the invention relates to a 3D matrix multi-channel optical fiber sensing demodulation system, belonging to the field of optical fiber sensors. Background technique
- Fiber optic sensors are gaining popularity in multi-channel long-distance sensing systems due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference, high reliability and safety.
- a fiber Bragg grating is a distributed Bragg reflector mounted in an optical fiber that reflects light of a specific wavelength and allows light of other wavelengths to pass. This function relies on a periodic change in the refractive index in the fiber. A change in temperature or stress changes the period or refractive index of the Bragg grating, which in turn causes the wavelength of the wave reflected by the fiber Bragg grating to also change.
- Fiber Bragg Gratings have inherent advantages, such as accurate measurement wavelength changes.
- a large number of fiber Bragg grating sensors can form a 3D matrix multi-channel sensing system. In this sensing system, the number of sensors can vary depending on the distance measured and the number of channels of the optical switch.
- wavelength division multiplexing By transmitting multiple optical signals of different wavelengths corresponding to different optical sensor channels on one optical fiber, the wavelength division multiplexing technology can greatly improve the processing capability and reduce the inquiry cost.
- the time division multiplexing technique uses a modulated pulse to interrogate multiple optical sensors while adjusting the group delay to improve interrogation. Similar to time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing improves interrogation by frequency modulation and demodulation.
- Wavelength division multiplexing requires that the frequencies of all sensors do not overlap. Both time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing require high speed pulse modulators and frequency modulators, as well as complex wideband measurement systems.
- the present invention proposes a 3D matrix multi-channel fiber optic sensing demodulation system that is faster and more efficient for quasi-distributed sensor networks.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a 3D matrix multi-channel optical fiber sensing demodulation system, including a wavelength scanning light source for generating incident light, and an optical frequency domain connected to the wavelength scanning light source through a fiber circulator a reflector and a balance detector, the optical frequency domain reflector comprising a first optical path and a second optical path, wherein one or two optical paths are provided with a frequency shifter, and the optical frequency domain reflector outputs the incident light to the optical switch module.
- the optical switch module not only selectively transmits incident light to the sensor network, but also transmits reflected light from the sensor network to the optical frequency domain reflector.
- the interference signal generated by the reflected light passing through the optical frequency domain reflector is detected by the balance detector.
- the optical frequency domain reflector comprises a first 3dB coupler and a second A 3dB coupler, the inlets of the first and second optical paths are each connected to a first 3dB coupler, and the outlets are each connected to a second 3dB coupler.
- At least one frequency shifter is connected in series on one optical path, and a polarization controller is disposed on the other optical path.
- one of the optical paths is connected in series with a polarization controller and at least one frequency shifter, and the other optical path is connected in series with at least one frequency shifter.
- the frequency shifters on the two optical paths have opposite directions of change in frequency.
- the optical switch module is composed of two parallel optical switches, one of which is connected in series with an optical fiber. Or the optical switch module is composed of a single optical switch.
- the sensor network consists of a plurality of parallel sensor cables, each of which is connected in series with a plurality of FBG sensors, for example three identical FBG sensors.
- Each sensor cable can also be connected in series with multiple sensor groups, each consisting of multiple FBG sensors in series. The spacing of the adjacent sensor groups is greater than the spatial resolution.
- the wavelength scanning light source is an adjustable continuous wavelength laser source or a Fourier domain mode-locked laser.
- the signal obtained by the balanced detector is processed as follows:
- c is the velocity of light in vacuum
- # is the effective group refractive index in the fiber
- ⁇ is the length between the second 3dB coupler and the ith sensor. J. It is the length of the fiber.
- ⁇ / and ⁇ are the sweep range and sweep period of the frequency shifter, respectively. Is the reflectance of the light of wavelength A at the ith sensor.
- the sensor network has a plurality of FBG sensors, and the spatial resolution of the FBG sensors is:
- Q is the number of frequency shifters
- c is the speed of light in vacuum
- # is the effective group refractive index in the fiber
- the present invention changes the complicated structure of the existing 0FDR demodulation system, and uses the existing optical device to distinguish the position of the FBG sensor by using the fast Fourier transform to achieve the function of multiplexing the distributed sensor network.
- the invention not only has a simple structure and low cost, but also can improve spatial resolution by increasing the number of frequency shifters. Rate.
- the spacing of adjacent FBG sensors in the present invention can be achieved in the millimeter level, and is particularly suitable for micro-scale quasi-distribution sensing systems.
- Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the position of a sensor when the embodiment 1 of the present invention is verified
- Figure 3 (a) is a spectrogram of all FBG sensors before stress is applied
- Figure 3 (b) is a spectrogram of all FBG sensors after stress is applied
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a sensor group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 A Bragg grating-based 3D matrix multi-channel fiber sensing demodulation system is shown in Fig. 1.
- the entire system includes a wavelength scanning source 111 that emits a plurality of different wavelengths of light. Light of different wavelengths is incident by the wavelength scanning source 111 into the fiber circulator 112, and the other two ports of the fiber circulator 112 are coupled to the optical frequency domain reflector and the balance detector 130, respectively.
- the optical frequency domain reflector includes parallel first optical paths and second optical paths, the entrances of the two optical paths are connected to the first 3dB coupler 113, and the outlets are all connected to the second 3dB coupler 116, the second optical path A frequency shifter 115 is provided.
- the first 3dB coupler 113 splits the light into two portions, a first beam and a second beam, which enter the first and second optical paths of the optical frequency domain reflector, respectively.
- the polarization controller 114 is mounted on the first optical path
- the frequency shifter 115 is mounted on the second optical path.
- the frequency shifter 115 is an acousto-optic modulator.
- the second beam has a frequency shift f
- the frequency shift f is controlled by an external frequency shift driver. Therefore, when the first beam and the second beam pass through the second 3dB coupler 116, they are divided into a third beam and a fourth beam having a frequency shift of 0 and f.
- the third beam directly enters the first input terminal D1 l of the optical switch module 118.
- the fourth light beam first passes through the optical fiber 117 and then enters the second input terminal D12 of the optical switch module 118. Since, as will be described later, the optical switch module 118 is composed of two optical switches, each of which operates independently, and the optical paths of both are the same. If there is no fiber 117, the system cannot distinguish the reflected light of each of the two optical switches.
- the optical switch module 118 is composed of two optical switches, and the first input terminal D11 and the second input terminal D12 are actually input terminals of the two optical switches in the optical switch module 118, respectively.
- Each optical switch has one input four outputs, so the optical switch module 118 has eight outputs, each connected to a length of sensor cable.
- the optical switch must be bidirectional so that the reflected signal can be reflected back to the optical frequency domain reflector.
- This optical switch module 118 which is formed by two optical switch modules, is capable of switching two channels simultaneously, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of optical path switching.
- the output of the optical switch module 118 is connected to a first sensor cable 122 to an eighth sensor cable 129.
- Light is transmitted through optical switch module 118 to a set of FBG sensors located on the same sensor cable.
- FBG sensors have low reflectivity at their operating wavelengths. Due to their low reflectivity (approximately 4%), when the spectrum of these FBG sensors overlaps, the shadowing effect of the front-position FBG sensor is negligible. Therefore, all FBG sensors along the same sensor cable are capable of reflecting light to the first input terminal D11 and the second input terminal D12. The reflected light then enters a second 3dB coupler 116. The reflected light having the 0 and f frequency shifts is coupled to the two optical paths of the optical frequency domain reflector, i.e., the optical paths in which the polarization controller 114 and the frequency shifter 115 are respectively located.
- the reflected light at the first 3dB coupler 113 has four frequency shifts, which are 0 and f from the first optical path, and f and 2f from the second optical path, respectively. It is well known that only those rays with the same f-frequency shift will interfere and form an interference signal. Other rays do not interfere because they have different frequency shifts and unbalanced light paths.
- the interference signal formed at the i-th sensor of the kth sensor cable, the interference signal formed at the first port C11 and the second port C12 is as shown in the formula (1):
- k represents the serial number of the sensor cable, and is the reflectance of the light of the wavelength A at the i-th sensor, c is the velocity of the light in the vacuum, and # is the effective group refractive index in the optical fiber.
- I is the length between the second 3dB coupler 116 and the ith sensor.
- J It is the length of the optical fiber 117.
- ⁇ / and are the sweep range and sweep period of the frequency shifter 115, respectively.
- all sensor cables are labeled with the same indication as the sensor they are in.
- the interference signal at the first port C11 is coupled to one input of the balance detector 130.
- the balance detector 130 is a photoelectric conversion device and is capable of filtering a direct current component.
- the interference signal at the second port C12 is passed through the variable optical attenuator 132 and then coupled to the other input of the balance detector 130 in order to balance the DC portion.
- the optical attenuator 132 is a refractor or a beam splitter, or The diffuser. Therefore, the DC portion in the formula (1) can be effectively removed.
- Equation (2) c is the velocity of light in vacuum, and # is the effective group refractive index in the fiber, which is the length between the second 3dB coupler 116 and the ith sensor. J. It is the length of the optical fiber 117. ⁇ / and are the sweep range and sweep period of the frequency shifter 115, respectively. Is the reflectance of the light of wavelength A at the ith sensor. Since the scanning speed of the wavelength scanning light source 111 is much slower than that of the frequency shifter 115, the wavelength can be considered to be constant throughout the scanning period of the frequency shifter 115.
- the fast Fourier transform is performed on the interference signal of equation (2), and the intensity of the Fourier component represents the reflectivity of the FBG sensor of a particular ordinal, and the expression of the position of the sensor where the reflection occurs is as shown in equation (3):
- a program written in LabVIEW was used to control the wavelength scanning source while a computer was used to acquire and process the data.
- the wavelength scanning source is scanned from 90 MHz to 110 MHz in steps of 0.04 MHz with a time interval of 1 ms.
- the reflectivity of all FBG sensors is around 4%, and the adjacent sensor groups are 55m apart.
- Figure 2 shows the positions of the G1 to G10 ten FBG sensors (G5, G6, G8, G9 and G10 not shown) resolved by the wavelength scanning source when the light of the wavelength of 1548.675 nm is emitted. Their Bragg The wavelength is around 1548.6 nm.
- the frequency diagrams of Gl, G2, G3, G4 and G7 show the reflection spectra of all ten FBG sensors.
- Figure 3 (a) is the spectrum before stress is applied
- Figure 3 (b) is the spectrum after stress is applied to Gl, G2 and G4. Comparing the two graphs (a) and (b), it is apparent that the wavelengths of Gl, G2 and G4 after stress application.
- Embodiment 2 Another Embodiment of the Invention As shown in FIG. 4, the first frequency shifter 215 and the second frequency shifter 216 are respectively located on two optical paths.
- the interference signals at the third port C21 and the fourth port C 22 should contain - 2 , 2f 2 , / 2 -/,, / 2 - these frequency components. Only those light with the same frequency shift will interfere and produce a measurable interference signal, such as / 2 - .
- the equation (2) in the embodiment 1 becomes the following equation:
- the spatial resolution can be expressed as equation (7):
- the sensor network in this embodiment is different from the first embodiment.
- the output of the optical switch module 219 is connected to the first sensor cable 223 to the eighth sensor cable 230, and three sets of FBGs are connected in series on each sensor cable.
- a first sensor group 220, a second sensor group 221, and a third sensor group 222 are connected in series to a sensor, such as the first sensor cable 223.
- more sensor groups can be connected in series for each sensor cable, and more sensors can be connected in series for each sensor group.
- each sensor group contains four identical spectrum non-overlapping FBG sensors.
- the first sensor group 220 has an eleventh sensor 11, a twelfth sensor 12, a thirteenth sensor 13, and a fourteenth sensor 14.
- the second sensor group 221 has a twenty-first sensor 21, a twenty-second sensor 22, a twenty-third sensor 23, and a twentieth Four sensors 24.
- the distance X between two adjacent FBG sensors in the same group is very short or even in contact with each other for interrogation. This arrangement can improve spatial resolution and is more suitable for quasi-distributed sensor networks.
- the distance y of the corresponding FBG sensor of different groups should be greater than the spatial resolution SJ.
- the other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- More frequency shifters can also be placed on the two optical paths of the optical frequency domain reflector, such as Q frequency shifters (Q is a positive integer). These frequency shifters have a frequency sweep range of ⁇ / Af 2 ⁇ Ag, respectively, and the spatial resolution SJ is expressed as equation (8):
- Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, the optical switch module is composed of a single optical switch, and the optical switch It has one input and four outputs. Therefore, compared with the optical switch module of the first embodiment, only 50% of the incident light in the optical frequency domain reflector is utilized, and another 50% of the incident light is not utilized. At the same time, the number of sensors that the optical switch module can accommodate is also reduced by 50%. Therefore, the apparatus of this embodiment is relatively economical. The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
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Abstract
一种3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,包括产生入射光的波长扫描光源,还包括通过光纤环形器与所述波长扫描光源连接的光学频域反射器和平衡探测器,所述光学频域反射器包括第一光路和第二光路,其中一条或两条光路上设有移频器,光学频域反射器输出入射光至光开关模块,所述光开关模块不仅可选择地将入射光传输到传感器网络,同时又将来自传感器网络的反射光传输到光学频域反射器。使用现有光学器件,利用FFT变换来分辨传感器的位置,达到复用分布式传感器网络的功能。不仅结构简单成本低,而且可通过增加移频器数量提高空间分辨率。同时相邻传感器的间距能够做到毫米级别,特别适用于微尺度准分布传感系统。
Description
一种 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,属于光纤传感器领域。 背景技术
光纤传感器由于其不受电磁干扰、 高可靠性和安全性, 在多信道长距离传 感系统中正日益受到欢迎。光纤布拉格光栅是一种安装在光纤中的分布式布拉格 反射器, 它反射特定波长的光而让其他波长的光通过。这种功能依靠在光纤中使 折射率发生一种周期性的变化。温度或应力的变化会改变布拉格光栅的周期或折 射率, 进而导致光纤布拉格光栅所反射的波的波长也发生改变。
光纤布拉格光栅 (FBG) 有其固有的优点, 例如测量波长变化比较准确。 大 量的光纤布拉格光栅传感器可以组成一个 3D矩阵式多通道传感系统。在该传感 系统中, 传感器的数量可以根据测量的距离和光学开关的信道数改变。
现有的应用于上述复杂传感系统的探询技术包括波分复用、 时分复用和频分 复用技术 (WDM、 TDM, FDM), 或者这三种的结合。 通过在一条光纤传输多 个载有对应于不同光学传感器信道的不同波长光信号,波分复用技术能够大幅提 高处理能力, 并且降低探询成本。时分复用技术使用一个调制过的脉冲实现对多 个光学传感器的探询, 同时经过调整群延迟提高探询能力。与时分复用类似, 频 分复用技术通过频率调制和解调来提高探询能力。
虽然上述现有的探询技术已经比较完善, 但它们的限制也很明显。 波分复用 技术要求所有传感器的频率不能重叠。而时分复用和频分复用技术都需要高速脉 冲调制器和频率调制器, 以及复杂的宽带测量系统。
发明内容
发明目的: 本发明提出一种 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其对于准 分布式传感器网络的测量更加快速高效。
技术方案: 本发明采用的技术方案为一种 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系 统,包括产生入射光的波长扫描光源,还包括通过光纤环形器与所述波长扫描光 源连接的光学频域反射器和平衡探测器,所述光学频域反射器包括第一光路和第 二光路,其中一条或两条光路上设有移频器,光学频域反射器输出入射光至光开 关模块,所述光开关模块不仅可选择地将入射光传输到传感器网络, 同时又将来 自传感器网络的反射光传输到光学频域反射器。反射光经过光学频域反射器后所 产生的干涉信号由平衡探测器检出。
作为本发明的一种改进, 所述光学频域反射器包括第一 3dB 耦合器和第二
3dB耦合器,所述第一光路和第二光路的入口均连接到第一 3dB耦合器, 出口均 连接到第二 3dB耦合器。
作为本发明的一种改进,其中一条光路上串联至少一个移频器, 另一条光路 上设置偏振控制器。
作为本发明的一种改进,其中一条光路上串联有偏振控制器和至少一个移频 器, 另一条光路上串联至少一个移频器。
作为本发明的一种改进, 所述两条光路上的移频器对频率的改变方向相反。 作为本发明的另一种改进,所述光开关模块由两个并联的光开关,其中一个 光开关输入端串接有光纤。 或者所述光开关模块由单个光开关组成。
作为本发明的另一种改进, 所述传感器网络由多条平行的传感器线缆组成, 每条传感器线缆上串联多个 FBG传感器, 例如三个相同 FBG传感器。每条传感 器线缆也可以串联多个传感器组,每个传感器组由串联的多个 FBG传感器组成。 所述相邻传感器组的间距大于空间分辨率。
作为本发明的另一种改进,所述波长扫描光源为可调连续波长激光源或者傅 里叶域锁模激光器。
作为 一步改进, 所述平衡探测器处理后所得到的信号如下式:
}
式中 c是光在真空中的速度, #是光纤中有效群折射率, ^是第二 3dB 耦合器和第 i个传感器之间的长度。 J。是光纤的长度。 Δ/和 ^分别是移频器的 扫频范围和扫频周期。 是波长为 A的光在第 i个传感器处的反射率。
式中 Q为移频器的数量, c是真空中的光速, #为光纤中有效群折射率, Af, ( = 1, 2, ...β ) 是第 i个移频器的扫频范围。
有益效果: 本发明改变了现有 0FDR解调系统复杂的结构, 使用现有光学器 件,利用快速傅里叶变换来分辨 FBG传感器的位置,达到复用分布式传感器网络 的功能。本发明不仅结构简单成本低, 而且可通过增加移频器数量提高空间分辨
率。 同时本发明中相邻 FBG传感器的间距能够做到毫米级别,特别适用于微尺度 准分布传感系统。
附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例 1的结构示意图;
图 2为验证本发明实施例 1时传感器位置示意图;
图 3 ( a) 为施加应力前所有 FBG传感器的频谱图;
图 3 (b ) 为施加应力后所有 FBG传感器的频谱图;
图 4为本发明实施例 2的结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例 2中传感器组的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于 说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员 对本发明的各种等同形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
实施例 1 : 基于布拉格光栅的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统如图 1所 示。 整个系统包括一个发射多种不同波长光的波长扫描光源 111。 不同波长的光 由波长扫描光源 111进入到光纤环行器 112, 所述光纤环行器 112的另两个端口 分别与光学频域反射器和平衡探测器 130连接。所述光学频域反射器包括平行的 第一光路和第二光路, 两条光路的入口均连接到第一 3dB耦合器 113, 出口均连 接到第二 3dB耦合器 116,所述第二光路上设有移频器 115。第一 3dB耦合器 113 将光平均分成第一光束和第二光束两部分,其分别进入光学频域反射器的第一光 路和第二光路。偏振控制器 114安装在第一光路上, 而移频器 115安装在第二光 路上。 移频器 115是一种声光调制器。 经过移频器 115后, 第二光束具有了一个 频移 f, 频移 f的大小依靠外接的移频驱动器控制。 因此当第一光束和第二光束 通过第二 3dB耦合器 116后, 分为具有 0和 f频移的第三光束和第四光束。第三 光束直接进入光开关模块 118的第一输入端 Dl l。
而第四光束为了增加光程以示与第三光束的区别, 先经过光纤 117后再进 入光开关模块 118的第二输入端 D12。 因为如之后所述, 光开关模块 118由两个 光开关组成, 每个光开关都独立工作, 两者的光程都是相同的。 如果没有光纤 117, 则系统无法区分两个光开关各自的反射光。
光开关模块 118由两个光开关组成, 第一输入端 D11和第二输入端 D12实 际上分别是光开关模块 118中两个光开关各自的输入端。每个光开关具有一路输 入四路输出, 因此光开关模块 118拥有八个输出端, 每个输出端连接到一段传感 器线缆。光开关必须是双向的, 这样反射信号能够反射回光学频域反射器。对于
这种由两个光开关模块成的光开关模块 118来说,它能够同时切换两个信道因而 显著提高光路切换的效率。
图 1中, 光开关模块 118的输出端连接有第一传感器线缆 122至第八传感 器线缆 129。 每一段传感器线缆载有 0*M个 FBG传感器, 其中 M是波分复用 的维度, 0 是在同一传感器线缆上位于同一布拉格波长的传感器数量, M是同 一传感器线缆上的 FBG传感器所工作的不同布拉格波长的个数。 例如 0*M=3, 即图 1中第一传感器线缆 122上串联第一传感器 119、 第二传感器 120、 第三传 感器 121三个 FBG传感器。 光纤 117应当比最长的传感器线缆的长度还要长, 以防止从不同传感器线缆反射回来的信号发生重叠。光通过光开关模块 118传输 到位于同一传感器线缆的一组 FBG传感器。这些 FBG传感器在它们的工作波长 上都具有较低的反射率。 由于其反射率较低 (约为 4%), 当这些 FBG传感器的 频谱发生重叠时, 位置靠前的 FBG传感器的阴影效应可以忽略。 因此所有沿着 同一传感器线缆的 FBG传感器都能够反射光线到第一输入端 D11和第二输入端 D12。 反射光接着进入第二 3dB耦合器 116。 具有 0和 f频移的反射光线被耦合 到光学频域反射器的两条光路,即偏振控制器 114和移频器 115各自所在的光路。 因此第一 3dB耦合器 113处的反射光线, 具有四种频移, 它们分别是来自第一 光路的 0和 f, 以及来自第二光路的 f和 2f。 众所周知, 只有那些具有相同 f频 移的光线才会发生干涉, 并形成干涉信号。而其他的光线由于它们具有不同的频 移和不平衡的光路, 所以不会发生干涉。 在第 k根传感器线缆的第 i个传感器处 被反射的信号, 于第一端口 C11和第二端口 C12处所形成的干涉信号如式 (1 ) 所示:
{I- )cncn = R' i 士 0Ο5(47Γ¾ Δ 1)] + R' (λ){2士 cos[ 4 ( +W t]} ( l ) ct ct
上式 (1 ) 中的 k表示传感器线缆的序号, )是波长为 A的光在第 i个传 感器处的反射率, c是光在真空中的速度, #是光纤中有效群折射率, 是第 二 3dB耦合器 116和第 i个传感器之间的长度。 J。是光纤 117的长度。 Δ/和 分别是移频器 115的扫频范围和扫频周期。为了简化表达式, 所有的传感器线缆 都标示为与所在传感器相同的标示。
如图 1所示, 在第一端口 C11处的干涉信号耦合到平衡探测器 130的一个输 入端。所述平衡探测器 130是一种光电转换装置, 并能够过滤直流分量。第二端 口 C12处的干涉信号为了平衡直流部分, 需经过可变光学衰减器 132后再耦合 到平衡探测器 130的另一个输入端。所述光学衰减器 132为折射器或分光器、或
者散射器。 因此式(1 ) 中的直流部分可以被有效的去除。 其他的 FBG传感器所
{Π [ (A)]2 R, (A) sin[ ^ eff、 0 ') t]} (2)
,=1 j=l C
式 (2 ) 中 c是光在真空中的速度, #是光纤中有效群折射率, 是第二 3dB耦合器 116和第 i个传感器之间的长度。 J。是光纤 117的长度。 Δ/和 分 别是移频器 115的扫频范围和扫频周期。 是波长为 A的光在第 i个传感器 处的反射率。 由于波长扫描光源 111的扫描速度比移频器 115慢得多, 波长 可 以被认为在整个移频器 115的扫描周期内都不变。 对式 (2) 的干涉信号做快速 傅里叶变换, 则傅里叶分量的强度代表了特定序数的 FBG传感器的反射率, 而 发生反射的传感器位置的表达式如式 (3 ) 所示:
Lt = Ctsw Ft ( 3 )
2neffAf
上式中 ί=1,2···0*Μ, i 表示传感器的序数。 不考虑频谱重叠, 当波长扫描光 源 111扫描时, 所有传感器的频谱就都可以获得。通过扫描光开关模块 118的所 有信道, 传感器线缆上的所有传感器都被分别探询了。 当最小可分辨距离, 或者 两个相邻传感器之间的空间分辨率在他们的反射频谱发生重叠时,可以表示为式 (4):
5L =—— -—— (4)
2neffAf
为了验证本实施例, 用 Lab VIEW编写的程序控制波长扫描光源, 同时使用 一台电脑获取和处理数据。 波长扫描光源以 0.04MHz 的步长从 90MHz扫描到 110MHz, 时间间隔 lms。 所有的 FBG传感器的反射率在 4%左右, 相邻传感器 组间隔 55m。 图 2给出了当波长扫描光源发射 1548.675nm波长的光时, 本发明 所解析出的 G1至 G10十个 FBG传感器的位置 (G5, G6, G8, G9和 G10未示 出), 它们的布拉格波长在 1548.6nm附近。 其中 Gl, G2, G3, G4和 G7的频 图 3显示出所有十个 FBG传感器的反射谱。 其中图 3 ( a) 是施加应力之前 的频谱图, 图 3 (b)是对 Gl, G2和 G4施加应力后的频谱图。 比较(a)和(b) 两张图可以明显看出 Gl, G2和 G4在施加应力后的波长变化。
实施例 2: 本发明的另一种实施例如图 4所示, 第一移频器 215和第二移频 器 216分别位于两条光路上。 其中第一移频器 215将入射光信号的频率降低 f , 而第二移频器 216则将入射光信号的频率提高 /2, 并且第一移频器 215和第二 移频器 216的扫频方向相反, 即第二移频器 216从 90MHz向 110MHz扫描, 第 一移频器 215从 110MHz向 90MHz扫描。 与实施例 1类似地, 第三端口 C21和 第四端口 C22处的干涉信号应当包含 -2 , 2f2, /2-/,, /2- 这些频率分量。 只有那些有相同频移的光才会发生干涉并产生可测量的干涉信号, 例如 /2- 。 分别给定第一移频器 215和第二移频器 216以 Δ/^ΡΔ/2的频率扫描范围,则实施 例 1中的式 (2) 变为下式:
IkW [t[l-R, ( )]^(A)sin(4 r^ - + Δ/2 -t)] + — ^ (5) 当对式 (5) 做快速傅里叶变换后, FBG传感器的位置就可以从傅里叶分量 的频率获得, 而傅里叶分量的强度代表了 FBG传感器的反射率。 第 i个 FBG传 感器的位置如式 (6) 所示:
L = ^≡ F (6)
2neff(Af1 + Af2)
空间分辨率则可以表示为式 (7):
5L = (7)
2neff(Af1 +Af2) 显然空间分辨率 SJ可以通过移频器产生大的频移来提高。
本实施例中的传感器网络与实施例 1并不相同,光开关模块 219的输出端连 接有第一传感器线缆 223至第八传感器线缆 230, 每条传感器线缆上均串联了三 组 FBG传感器, 例如第一传感器线缆 223上串联了第一传感器组 220、 第二传感 器组 221和第三传感器组 222。 以此类推, 每条传感器线缆还可以串联更多传感 器组, 每个传感器组也可以串联更多个传感器。
以第一传感器组 220和第二传感器组 221为例, 如图 5所示,每个传感器组 中含有四个相同的频谱无重叠的 FBG传感器。第一传感器组 220具有第十一传感 器 11、 第十二传感器 12、 第十三传感器 13和第十四传感器 14。 第二传感器组 221具有第二十一传感器 21、 第二十二传感器 22、 第二十三传感器 23和第二十
四传感器 24。 同一组内相邻两个 FBG传感器的距离 X非常短甚至相互接触以便 于探询, 这种布置能够改进空间分辨率, 更适用于准分布式传感器网络。而不同 组的相应 FBG传感器的距离 y应当大于空间分辨率 SJ。 本实施例的其他部分与 实施例 1相同。
在光学频域反射器的两条光路上也可以设置更多的移频器, 例如 Q个移频 器 (Q 为正整数)。 这些移频器分别具有 Δ/ Af2 ··· Ag的频率扫描范围, 则 空间分辨率 SJ表示为式 (8):
^eff( fl+ 2 +- + fe) 从式 (8) 可以看出增加移频器数量能够改善空间分辨率 实施例 3: 本实施例中光开关模块由单独一个光开关组成, 该光开关具有一 路输入四路输出。因此与实施例 1中的光开关模块相比, 只利用了光学频域反射 器中入射光的 50%, 另外 50%的入射光没有得到利用。 同时该光开关模块所能 容纳的传感器数量也减少 50%。所以本实施例的装置较为经济。本实施例的其他 部分与实施例 1相同。
Claims
1、 一种 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 包括产生入射光的波长扫描光 源,其特征在于,还包括通过光纤环形器与所述波长扫描光源连接的光学频域反 射器和平衡探测器,所述光学频域反射器包括第一光路和第二光路,其中一条或 两条光路上设有移频器,光学频域反射器输出入射光至光开关模块,所述光开关 模块不仅可选择地将入射光传输到传感器网络,同时又将来自传感器网络的反射 光传输到光学频域反射器,反射光经过光学频域反射器后所产生的干涉信号由平 衡探测器检出。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 所述光学频域反射器包括第一 3dB耦合器和第二 3dB耦合器, 所述第一光路和 第二光路的入口均连接到第一 3dB耦合器, 出口均连接到第二 3dB耦合器。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 其中一条光路上串联至少一个移频器, 另一条光路上设置偏振控制器。
4、根据权利要求 2所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 其中一条光路上串联有偏振控制器和至少一个移频器,另一条光路上串联至少一 个移频器。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 所述两条光路上的移频器对频率的改变方向相反。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 所述光开关模块由两个并联的光开关组成。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 所述光开关模块为单个光开关。
8、根据权利要求 6所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 其中一个光开关输入端串接有光纤。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统,其特征在于, 所述传感器网络由多条平行的传感器线缆组成,每条传感器线缆上串联多个 FBG 传感器。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 每条传感器线缆上串联三个相同的 FBG传感器。
11、 根据权利要求 9所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 每条传感器线缆串联多个传感器组, 每个传感器组由串联的多个 FBG传感 器组成。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 所述相邻传感器组的间距大于空间分辨率。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 所述波长扫描光源为可调连续波长激光源。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 所述波长扫描光源为傅里叶域锁模激光器。
15、 根据权利要求 1所述的 3D矩阵式多通道光纤传感解调系统, 其特征在 于, 所述平衡探测器处理后所得到的信号如下式:
Ik (λ) }
式中 c是光在真空中的速度, #是光纤中有效群折射率, ^是第二 3dB耦 合器和第 i个传感器之间的长度。 J。是光纤的长度。 Δ/和 ^分别是移频器的扫 频范围和扫频周期。 是波长为 A的光在第 i个传感器处的反射率。
式中 Q为移频器的数量, c是真空中的光速, #为光纤中有效群折射率, Af, ( = !, 2, . 是第 i个移频器的扫频范围。
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CN113639650A (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-12 | 安徽大学 | 基于相位累加测量法的光频域反射计式传感解调方法 |
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CN114509113A (zh) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-17 | 金陵科技学院 | 一种高可靠性光纤光栅传感网络模型 |
CN117579482B (zh) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-07-09 | 广东保伦电子股份有限公司 | 光纤矩阵级联方法、系统、设备和存储介质 |
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US9939294B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
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