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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/365—Lactones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/14—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4

Definitions

• RAS and RAF play significant roles in the regulation of various biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, inflammatory responses, and programmed cell death.
• mutations in RAS genes were the first genetic alterations identified in human cancer. Activating mutations of HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS ('RAS'), as well as BRAF are found frequently in several types of cancer.
• FIG. 16H show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 16A.
• FIG. 161 - FIG. 16J show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 16D.
• FIG. 17 shows the results of the combination of BVD-523 and MEK-162 in parental RKO and RKO BRAF V600E KO (+/-/-) cells.
• FIG. 17A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination in parental RKO cells.
• FIG. 17B shows Loewe excess for the combination in 17A and
• FIG. 17C shows Bliss excess for the combination in 17A.
• FIG. 17D shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination in RKO BRAF V600E KO (+/-/-) cells.
• FIG. 17A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination in parental RKO cells.
• FIG. 17B shows Loewe excess for the combination in 17A
• FIG. 17C shows Bliss excess for the combination in 17A.
• FIG. 28 shows the results of the combination of BVD-523 and Trametinib in H226 cells.
• FIG. 28A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination.
• FIG. 28B - FIG. 28C show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 28A.
• FIG. 28D shows Loewe excess for the combination in 28A and
• FIG. 28E shows Bliss excess for the combination in 28A.
• FIG. 33 shows the results of the combination of BVD-523 and GDC-0623 in H2122 cells.
• FIG. 33A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination.
• FIG. 33B - FIG. 33C show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 33A.
• FIG. 33D shows Loewe excess for the combination in 33A and
• FIG. 33E shows Bliss excess for the combination in 33A.
• FIG. 34 shows the results of the combination of BVD-523 and GDC-0623 in H1437 cells.
• FIG. 34A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination.
• FIG. 34B - FIG. 34C show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 34A.
• FIG. 34D shows Loewe excess for the combination in 34A and
• FIG. 34E shows Bliss excess for the combination in 34A.
• FIG. 35 shows the results of the combination of BVD-523 and GDC-0623 in H226 cells.
• FIG. 35A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination.
• FIG. 35B - FIG. 35C show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 35A.
• FIG. 35D shows Loewe excess for the combination in 35A and
• FIG. 35E shows Bliss excess for the combination in 35A.
• FIG. 38 shows the results of the combination of SCH772984 and GDC-0623 in H1437 cells.
• FIG. 38A shows a dose matrix showing inhibition (%) for the combination.
• FIG. 38B - FIG. 38C show the results of single agent proliferation assays for the combination in 38A.
• FIG. 38D shows Loewe excess for the combination in 38A and
• FIG. 38E shows Bliss excess for the combination in 38A.
• Hybrid capture methods are known in the art and are disclosed in e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 20130203632 and U.S. Patent Nos. 8,389,219 and 8,288,520. These methods are based on the selective hybridization of the target genomic regions to user-designed oligonucleotides.
• the hybridization can be to oligonucleotides immobilized on high or low density microarrays (on-array capture), or solution-phase hybridization to oligonucleotides modified with a ligand (e.g. biotin) which can subsequently be immobilized to a solid surface, such as a bead (in-solution capture).
• a ligand e.g. biotin
• the term "immunomodulator” means a substance that alters the immune response by augmenting or reducing the ability of the immune system to produce antibodies or sensitized cells that recognize and react with the antigen that initiated their production.
• Immunomodulators may be recombinant, synthetic, or natural preparations and include cytokines, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, thymosin, and immunoglobulins. Some immunomodulators are naturally present in the body, and certain of these are available in pharmacologic preparations.
• Anti-angiogenesis agents include without limitation 2-methoxyestradiol, angiostatin, bevacizumab, cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, endostatin, IFN-a, IL-12, itraconazole, linomide, platelet factor-4, prolactin, SU5416, suramin, tasquinimod, tecogalan, tetrathiomolybdate, thalidomide, thrombospondin, thrombospondin, TNP-470, ziv-aflibercept, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, prodrugs, and combinations thereof.
• the cancer cell is a mammalian cancer cell.
• the mammalian cancer cell is obtained from a mammal selected from the group consisting of humans, primates, farm animals, and domestic animals. More preferably, the mammalian cancer cell is a human cancer cell.
• Suitable and preferred subjects and type 1 MEK inhibitors are as disclosed herein.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be used to treat the cancers disclosed above, including those cancers with the mutational backgrounds identified herein. Methods of identifying such mutations are also as set forth above.
• the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one additional therapeutic agent, preferably an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, as disclosed herein.
• compositions according to the present invention may be in a unit dosage form comprising both anti-cancer agents.
• first anti-cancer agent is in a first unit dosage form and the second anti-cancer agent is in a second unit dosage form, separate from the first.
• an "effective amount” or a "therapeutically effective amount” of an anti-cancer agent of the invention including pharmaceutical compositions containing same that are disclosed herein is an amount of such agent or composition that is sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results as described herein when administered to a subject.
• Effective dosage forms, modes of administration, and dosage amounts may be determined empirically, and making such determinations is within the skill of the art. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the dosage amount will vary with the route of administration, the rate of excretion, the duration of the treatment, the identity of any other drugs being administered, the age, size, and species of mammal, e.g., human patient, and like factors well known in the arts of medicine and veterinary medicine.
• the effective dose of BVD-523, a type 1 MEK inhibitor, or another anti-cancer agent may be administered as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses, administered separately at appropriate intervals throughout the day.
• the BVD-523, type 1 MEK inhibitors, or other anti-cancer agents or pharmaceutical compositions containing same of the present invention may be administered in any desired and effective manner: for oral ingestion, or as an ointment or drop for local administration to the eyes, or for parenteral or other administration in any appropriate manner such as intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, topical, intradermal, inhalation, intrapulmonary, rectal, vaginal, sublingual, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intrathecal, or intralymphatic.
• compositions of the invention comprise one or more active ingredients, e.g. anti-cancer agents, in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable diluents or carriers and, optionally, one or more other compounds, drugs, ingredients and/or materials.
• active ingredients e.g. anti-cancer agents
• pharmaceutically-acceptable diluents or carriers optionally, one or more other compounds, drugs, ingredients and/or materials.
• the agents/compounds of the present invention are formulated into pharmaceutically-acceptable dosage forms by conventional methods known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g. , Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (21 st Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.).
• Pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers are well known in the art (see, e.g. , Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (21 st Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.) and The National Formulary (American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, D.C.)) and include sugars (e.g. , lactose, sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol), starches, cellulose preparations, calcium phosphates (e.g. , dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate), sodium citrate, water, aqueous solutions (e.g.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
• the liquid dosage forms may contain suitable inert diluents commonly used in the art.
• the oral compositions may also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, coloring, perfuming and preservative agents.
• Suspensions may contain suspending agents.
• compositions of the present invention for rectal or vaginal administration may be presented as a suppository, which may be prepared by mixing one or more active ingredient(s) with one or more suitable nonirritating diluents or carriers which are solid at room temperature, but liquid at body temperature and, therefore, will melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
• suitable nonirritating diluents or carriers which are solid at room temperature, but liquid at body temperature and, therefore, will melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention which are suitable for vaginal administration also include pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing such pharmaceutically-acceptable diluents or carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
• Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches, drops and inhalants.
• the active agent(s)/compound(s) may be mixed under sterile conditions with a suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
• the ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain excipients.
• Powders and sprays may contain excipients and propellants.
• the rate of absorption of the active agent/drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form.
• delayed absorption of a parenterally- administered agent/drug may be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the active agent/drug in an oil vehicle.
• injectable depot forms may be made by forming microencapsule matrices of the active ingredient in biodegradable polymers. Depending on the ratio of the active ingredient to polymer, and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of active ingredient release can be controlled. Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissue. The injectable materials can be sterilized for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter.
• bentamapimod another type 1 MEK inhibitor
• the following combinations are tested using a 10 x 8 dose matrix: bentamapimod (ranging from 10 nM-1000 nM) with BVD-0523 (0 to 10 ⁇ ), bentamapimod (ranging from 10 nM-1000 nM) with dabrafenib (ranging from 0 to 1 ⁇ ), and bentamapimod (ranging from 10 nM-1000 nM) with trametinib (ranging from 0 to 0.1 ⁇ ).
• the final concentration of DMSO is 0.2%.
• the compounds are incubated with the cells for 96 hours.
• BVD-523/MEK inhibitor combinations are effective to inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines in vivo Mice
• the HCT1 16 cells used for implantation are harvested during exponential growth and resuspended in 50% Matrigel (BD Biosciences): 50% phosphate buffered saline at a concentration of 2.5 x 10 7 cells/mL.
• 50% Matrigel BD Biosciences
• tumor growth is monitored as the average size approaches the target range of 100 to 150 mm 3 .
• Tumor weight may be estimated with the assumption that 1 mg is equivalent to 1 mm 3 of tumor volume.
• One group receives 1 % CMC vehicle p.o. bid to end, and serves as the control group for calculation of %TGD.
• Another group receives paclitaxel i.v. at 30 mg/kg once every other day (qod) for five doses (qod x 5), and serves as the positive control for the model.
• HATZIVASSILIOU G. ei al. "RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth.” Nature 464.7287 (2010): 431-435.
• HOCKER ei al. Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: A systematic review and analysis of reported sequence variants. Hum. Mutat., 2007, 28, 578-588. LI et al. , Recent advances in the research and development of B-Raf

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• 2014
  • 2014-12-19 US US15/105,945 patent/US20160310477A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-12-19 WO PCT/US2014/071744 patent/WO2015095838A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-12-19 EP EP14871339.9A patent/EP3082422A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-12-19 JP JP2016540574A patent/JP2017502016A/ja active Pending
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