WO2015090270A2

WO2015090270A2 - Method and device for transforming longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and blanks made of metal materials, in particular of steel

Info

Publication number: WO2015090270A2
Application number: PCT/DE2014/000646
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim Graefe
Original assignee: Joachim Graefe
Priority date: 2013-12-18
Filing date: 2014-12-17
Publication date: 2015-06-25
Also published as: EP3083092A2; WO2015090270A3; DE102013021675A1; DE112014005942A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for transforming longitudinally oriented profiles (5), in particular longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and/or blanks made of metal materials, in particular of steel, wherein in at least one transforming stage (U) the longitudinally oriented profile (5) is transformed from a starting material (6) by means of at least one shaping tool, wherein the product to be transformed in the form of the starting material (6) and/or of the profile (5) produced in the transforming stage (U) carries out a relative movement along a feed axis (9) with respect to the shaping tool under the control of at least one feed system (1, 2, 3, 4). To this end at least two feed systems (1, 2, 3, 4) which are movable and controllable independently of one another interact with the product to be transformed (5, 6) before and/or after the transforming stage (U) in such a way that axial forces are applied by the feed systems (1, 2, 3, 4) simultaneously or substantially alternately over time to the product to be transformed (5, 6) and thus axial tensions are exerted on the product to be transformed (5, 6) upstream of and/or in and/or downstream of the transformation zone (U).

Description

description

Method and device for forming longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and blanks made of metallic materials, in particular of steel

The invention relates to a method for forming longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and blanks from metallic materials, in particular steel according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 18.

The economic and accurate production of longitudinally oriented profiles, in particular semi-finished products, and blanks made of metallic materials and in particular of steel (often referred to as long products in the broad sense) is a problem that has been recurrent in manufacturing technology for a long time, for which there are a variety of solutions.

Longitudinal profiles, in particular semi-finished products, or blanks made of such materials are often used for parts production. The manufacturing technology used depends on the one hand on the specification of the semi-finished product or blank (eg shape, dimensions, surface and microstructure) and on the other hand on the initial shape of the material used. In order to use a uniform designation hereinafter, all the products mentioned below will be referred to as "profile" in simplified form without distinction of the exact cross-sectional shapes and dimensions, even in composite terms. Typical shapes for starting materials are wire, rods, rods, billets, seamless or welded tubes or the like. As profiles in the form of long products in a broad sense, all types of semi-finished products made of steel or other metallic materials of the following forms can be considered: cross-sectional shape Round, Kant or flange profile; straight length or wound coils etc., profile or tube, ie with or without cavity. It is independent whether such profiles are produced as semi-finished or as a blank. In this context, a profile section will be referred to below as the blank, which goes beyond the usual semifinished products in terms of length, execution of the cutting position or sectional area, the cross-sectional shape or the cross-sectional size along the profile length, as in particular with respect to a variable profile over the profile (in die forging this is referred to as variable mass distribution along the profile length).

A classic method of profile forming is the drawing of such profiles through a forming draw die. The drawing of cross sections, which are not suitable for drum pulling, is usually done on a drawing bench, a combined drawing machine or a crawler tractor. The drawing is usually done in the cold state of the starting material to increase strength, dimensional and surface quality of the profiles to be produced. The following remarks concentrate on larger, non-co-threadable cross sections.

The forming tool, the so-called drawing ring, is installed in the drawing machine with a tool holder, which can be adjustable. The drawing tool is divided into drawing dies. A pair of jaws in the reversing drawing carriage or paired numerous drawing dies in circulating draw chains cause the sequence grabbing - pulling - open.

Drawing benches have a drawing carriage and produce discontinuous straight profiles. The drawing carriage can be guided and driven on one side next to the drawing axis, or bilaterally symmetrical to the drawing axis. The length of the drawing bench and guide ways define the maximum profile length - in industrial applications today the limits are around 20 m. The pulling jaws grip the prefabricated Profile head, also come Flange profiles or pipes usually before the crush zone, so that significant scrap lengths per profile incurred. The reversing of the slide per profile requires high idle times and reduces the performance, because the drawing carriage must reverse empty after pulling a profile. For better performance, some attachments can pull multiple profiles in a game.

Drawing benches allow easy machine construction and high pulling forces up to 2 MN. Many foundries invest in multiple plants because of the low unit output and the force limits of each individual plant. Many drive concepts were realized - hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic or electric motor; Power transmission with rod, chain or spindle; Linear actuator.

In so-called combined drawing machines, two drawing carriages arranged one behind the other in the drawing axis continuously move alternately. They are mechanically coupled to each other in their movement possibility via two force-transmitting pull curves on a drive axle just below the pull axis. The manufacturable profile length is unlimited. In exchange, the drawing carriage continuously pull "Hand-one behind the hand" where the drawing speed varies, especially in the opening stages and closing phases of the ^cycle. The gripping zone of drawing jaws on the profile remains good material. Accounts for idle time for the reversal of the drawing carriage because while always Such drawing machines have a short design The material and construction of the drawing curves limit the drawing forces at a maximum of about 500 kN The process limit for round steel is about 52 mm in diameter.

In so-called caterpillar drawing machines, two closed chains run over each other with numerous pulling jaws in roller conveyors. Several pairs of drawing dies pull the profile continuously at a constant speed - with higher pulling forces close to the drawing ring, because the drawn material stretches elastically. The producible profile length is unlimited. The gripping zone of the drawing dies remains good material. The Ziehbacken- and Rüstaufwand is significantly higher, if not baking with two calibers and quick changeover are provided. The chain drive carriers are part of a high C-frame press. Industrial caterpillars produce faster than combined drawing machines - usually with lower maximum pulling force. Industrially realistic The maximum tensile forces are around 300 kN. Process limit for round steel is about 35 mm in diameter.

The purpose of profile alignment is to support the descaling of the surface for steel or other metallic materials and to narrow the dimensional and positional tolerance of the cross sections over the profile length. Serve with the so-called. Roll straightening or other straightening.

Roller straighteners straighten the profile by bending transversely to its longitudinal axis. Flank pressure in longitudinal roller contours causes straightening in both transverse axes, e.g. in the transformation of a square profile in a rhombic caliber. Straightening machines with horizontal and vertical straightening machines direct both transverse axes (H-V roller straightening). Additional counter rolls to individual straightening rollers can allow profiling (flange angle correction, bending of partial cross sections around the longitudinal axis) and also improve rod guidance and directivity. Rolled against each other roller axes of two roller levels in the longitudinal axis allow the so-called. Roll Torsionsrichten (or Walztordieren). Reversing roller straightening is also known. Oblique roller levelers direct round profiles and allow them to rotate in a continuous cycle (screw feed). Ovalization can contribute to the straightening effect.

Smaller round profiles are also processed continuously by means of circulating straightening, again by bending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the profile. Determining the method are upstream and downstream roller drivers or rolling stands for conveying and for absorbing the torsional forces in the profile, and centrally a rotating tool carrier with a plurality of offset against the process axis straightening tools. Circular straightening machines (also called wing straightening machines or straightening rotors) thus continuously set round profiles without screw feed.

In addition to continuous process and discontinuous straightening systems are known. Three-point straightening presses bend transversely to the longitudinal axis - stationary or longitudinally movable with transverse load, with bar turner (eg at both bar ends or in a process aisle) or four-axis (for rail ends). With suitable tools a stamping density becomes possible. Stretch leveling machines plasticize the entire cross-section of the starting material with two machines, one of which is longitudinally adjustable. Streckrichtanla- conditions are common in aluminum production, for example. Stretch Torsion straightening systems introduce special profiles with profile twist under extended load - especially extruded special profiles. For rail straightening, pure continuous torsion straightening systems or the patented sequence of longitudinal upsetting and stretching are also known.

The rolling of profiles usually produces the same cross-sectional dimensions of the profile over the entire profile length, but also continuous or offset longitudinal profiles are possible in some rolling mills. The field of application of the rolling process is usually in the field of production of wire rod and profiles in straight lengths to short pieces. Various longitudinal rolling methods with and without reversing, with and without a roller train between the stands are well known.

Throughout the rod length the same cross-section (exceptions) roll, for example. fully continuous H-V groups or tube contours, 2-roll or 3-disc sizing block, reversible H-V flat-rolled block or tandem universal groups with three reversing stands (Universal Staucher Universal). Rolling is done without or with train between the scaffolding.

A non-continuous mass distribution over the profile length is e.g. produced by stretching rollers or pilgrims. In longitudinal profiling rolling processes, a manipulator conveys and positions the profile - for example, in stretch or pilger rolls. in the empty angle of the roller rotation without Walzgutkontakt. In stretch rolling machines, a longitudinal roll stand with multiple longitudinal profiling calibres is operated by a carriage that reverses the short piece and transports it across the roll calibers. In pilgrim routes, a longitudinal profile is intermittently rolled in a caliber over a roll circumference and then finished by smoothing.

In addition to longitudinal rolls, for round profiles, e.g. Cross rolling, cross wedge rolling (preform or finished wave), planetary skew rolls (copper tubes) and cross rolls (e.g., smoothing rolls) are known.

Today's state of profile forming aims at producing longitudinally oriented semi-finished products or blanks as far as possible in a forming stage from standard starting material. In order to robustly process the tolerances from hot forming as a precursor to the component with all the specified features, the semi-finished product often has to be cold-formed become. In this case, increasingly low or uniform residual stresses of the profiles produced are required. High and / or not known internal stresses can interfere with the processing - eg during machining such as fixed length or miter sawing, drilling, functional surface milling, or also during heat treatments such as tempering, stress relief annealing, and also during coating such as galvanizing. The manufacturing process in the forming is therefore of central importance in terms of component properties and cost-effectiveness.

From DE 195 44 383 is known e.g. a combined drawing machine with two independently controllable pulling units known, in which the drawing machine can be operated alternately in the form of a combined drawing machine. Here, the drive of the drawing units is force and / or torque-dependent regulated. A disadvantage of this is in particular that this drawing machine is limited in terms of forming forces, since the drawing units only individually attack on the material to be formed.

The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a further developed method for forming and a forming machine suitable for this, with which the previous limits of use of corresponding forming methods or forming machines for the production of profiles are overcome.

The solution of the object of the invention results in terms of the forming process from the characterizing features of claim 1 and in terms of the forming device from the characterizing features of claim 18 in cooperation with the features of the associated preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention with regard to the forming process is based on a method for forming longitudinally oriented profiles, in particular longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and / or blanks of metallic materials, in particular of steel, in which the longitudinal profile is formed from a starting material by at least one shaping tool in at least one forming stage for which the material to be formed in the form of the starting material (6) and / or of the profile (5) produced in the forming stage (U) relative to the forming tool is a relative movement controlled by at least one feed device. long executes a feed axis. Such a generic method is further developed according to the invention in that at least two independently movable and controllable feed devices before and / or after the forming stage interact with the Umformgut that applied by the feed devices at the same time or substantially alternately time axial forces on the Umformgut and so that axial stresses are exerted on the forming material before and / or in and / or behind the forming zone. Essential to the invention here is that the at least two independently movable feed devices can be controlled so that they apply either at the same time or substantially alternately in time axial forces on the Umformgut. For the sake of simplicity, the term "forming material" refers to the starting material and / or the profile produced in the forming step. In the simultaneous application of the axial forces, the axial stresses generated thereby are superimposed in the starting material and therefore allow by increasing the axial forces for the forming, for example, a much higher degree of deformation or larger deformable cross-sections or greater strength of the Umformgutes over the temporally alternating mode of operation. In this way, for example, when providing two simultaneously acting feed devices on the same forming device and without necessary modifications or other changes practically a doubling of the axial forces can be achieved, which substantially increase the deformable cross-sectional dimensions or cross-sectional strengths according to the invention on such a forming device. If, in addition to, for example, a power-poorer combined drawing machine, a more powerful single drawing bench had to be held in order to reshape even larger cross sections of the starting material, then the simultaneous action of the at least two feed devices on the same forming device is sufficient for this purpose. For other, smaller profiles but can then be made on the same machine again in alternating operation. This allows a higher utilization of a working according to the invention forming device by change stroke for small and gleichhub for large axial forces. Only one production line is needed instead of several, under-loaded lines, each with a limited cross-section program. A forming device can therefore be used much more versatile and efficient using the forming process according to the invention. In addition, the range of usable materials and the possible profile specifications, in particular dimensions, cross sections or strengths increases significantly. Since the forming process according to the invention allows the use of a wide variety of forming technologies, a correspondingly working forming machine or forming system can be adapted to a wide variety of manufacturing requirements, for example, by simply exchanging the forming stage against a different forming stage.

For example, it is possible for the forming process pulling straight profiles that at least two slides are provided as feed devices with single drive, which together in the same stroke with multiple pulling force transform the starting material to profile, or pull continuously in the alternating stroke as a combined drawing machine. This makes it possible while pulling, that in the change stroke "easy" drawing systems can draw "heavy" products by Gleichhub. A novelty is, for example, for the drawing of straight lengths, the distribution of the total axial force on several simultaneously attacking feed devices and the control of the movement of the feed devices via system computers instead of in the process axis mechanically coupled movements.

In another application, for example, these basic options are retained for straightening or rolling. Thus, for example, at least two feed devices on the inlet and the outlet side can thereby ensure superimposed axial stresses in front of and / or in and / or behind the deformation zone in such a way that a corresponding movement of the feed devices is carried out. As special cases, only by the suitable control of the feed devices axial stresses of two or more co-operating feed devices only on the inlet side or of two or more co-operating feed devices can be superimposed only on the outlet side of the forming device. It is also conceivable that only one feed device on each side or discontinuously works discontinuously. This makes it possible to achieve, during straightening or rolling, a given forming task by axial tension superimposition in the material to be formed, with a shorter, lighter and simpler system can be. Rollers or rollers can also work without their own feed drive. An extension or rolling system extended by feed devices can produce a higher maximum dimension or maximum strength. In addition, the straightening and rolling is also more robust against material fluctuations by an option to multiple passes of the formed material produced by the corresponding working forming machine or forming. The continuous process axis for profile conveying can also minimize idle time when changing parts.

It is conceivable, for example, during continuous straightening an axial stress superposition and promotion by means of feed devices, in discontinuous straightening the superposition of high axial and bending stresses. Lower residual stresses are generated, bending forces reduced, smaller or fewer straightening rollers or reduced drives (until canceled) possible. Special advantages are provided by the process integration, if today's operations can be omitted, in particular stress-relieving annealing or multi-stage straightening. The simplifications can continue to support variable straightening roller divisions, allow support rollers on the central straightening rollers or eliminate roller tables.

Furthermore, for rolling as a forming process via axial feed possible over feed devices without rolling train to well over 10% of yield strength and thus higher degrees of deformation per rolling pass in compact systems reach, as well as the realization of blanks with over the longitudinal position of different profile.

With the forming method according to the invention highest performance and wide production programs can be achieved in addition to low investment. The result is less scrap at the profile head and profile foot (instead of crushing, saw-waste), when reversing the profiles (multiple passes) less puncture risks and piece scrap. Furthermore, less manual labor and higher manpower productivity is achievable (fewer processing lengths are to be sawed, re-bundled multiple times, transported, loaded and doubled, fewer piece-related failure events). On the plant side, short overall lengths, standard and repeat assemblies as well as simple foundations can be achieved according to working forming equipment. In addition to the application alone of axial stresses is by the operation of the feed devices and a combination with forming stations conceivable with which further stresses are applied to the Umformgut. An example of this may be that in the forming stage, a tool which can be pivoted about the feed axis of the material to be converted introduces torsional stresses into the material to be formed. In another embodiment, a relative to the feed axis of the Umformgutes displaceably arranged tool allow multi-axis rolling or straightening in the forming stage. The combination of such additional stresses makes it possible that a plurality of conceivable transformations of the Umformgutes is carried out simultaneously or successively during a run and thus allows a wide range of transformations of the Umformgutes.

Conceivable are, for example:

□ stretching plus twisting plus cross pressing,

□ stretch bending or stretch bending rolls,

Stretch torsion straightening or stretch torsion rolls,

□ pure stretching,

Torsion roll bending or torsion rolls without or with very low axial tension,

□ pure roll bending or pure rolling,

□ pure torsion,

□ upsetting plus twisting plus bending superimposed,

□ compression deflection,

□ compression torsion straightening,

□ upsetting plus stretching,

□ other combinations, eg with profiling or embossing or with upstream, intermediate or downstream equipment. Particularly good properties of forming and formed profile can expect the above-mentioned superposition of forming stresses - eg low rolling forces in rolling and a "soft" process when the material is already under high axial tension, or when rolling a higher forming capacity, if under high axial Tension is cold rolled.

In a further embodiment, it is conceivable that the Umformgut cold, preferably without external heating or semi-warm, preferably with a heating to below a temperature without a structural change of the Umformgutes or damage to tools, or hot, preferably at hot forming temperature is formed. With such influencing of the forming temperature, both the deformation can be facilitated as well as the forming detrimental material properties of the forming material can be positively influenced.

For example, e.g. often find an improvement in forming in the case of difficult to form materials when forming at higher temperatures. It is also possible by the temperature control in the area of the hot forming temperature to have a specific influence on the structure of the starting material or of the profile.

It is also conceivable that the forming temperature is varied between two passes of the Umformgutes. As a result, e.g. the greater part of the forming at higher temperatures and thus possibly easier to run, the accuracy-determining transformation, however, at lower temperatures and thus more closely tolerated Umformparametern. In addition to the primarily contemplated cold drawing, cold setting and cold rolling, e.g. Semi-hot or hot processes possible - or even a process sequence hot rolling, cooling, half-warming, with appropriate performance in the cooling bed sequence of a hot forming plant (in-line).

It is particularly advantageous if the heating of the formed material takes place by means of conductive heating via the feed devices. In this case, the feed devices by their direct contact with the Umformgut or the profile directly take over the power supply for the conductive heating and therefore only the parts of the Umformgutes are heated exactly to be transformed in the forming station just. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the feed devices controlled depending on the elasticity and the forming process of the Umformgutes a total axial force on the Umformgut and dismantle. As a result, the deformation can be controlled depending on the elasticity of the starting material and thus be transformed more accurately taking into account elongation or elongation effects.

Typical profiles and structural components which can be produced according to the invention are described e.g. processed for

□ components for ladder or box frames in vehicle construction,

□ supports and struts in housing construction, mobile buildings and transport equipment,

□ posts for road and landscaping, agriculture and forestry,

□ girder and frame components in mechanical and instrument engineering,

□ and generally short pieces for parts production, e.g. by drop forging, welding or bending and much more.

Special advantages of the method are:

□ reproducibility of product properties even with wide material tolerances due to robust process,

□ low, uniform residual stresses in the finished profile,

□ no or minimal idle time when changing profiles,

□ unlimited profile length,

□ simple plant construction,

□ short overall length of the forming device.

Low investment and operating costs are accompanied by single-stage forming, the use of standard and repeat assemblies in the design of the forming equipment and the reduction of handling, stress relief annealing and Re-straightening in the environment of forming. Process-related systems can process indefinitely long profiles with wide input tolerances (material analysis, microstructure, cross-section, residual stress state). Narrow target tolerances for cross-sectional dimensions and for low, uniform residual stresses in the finished profile should have the directivity already during the forming process or after roll-integrated straightening passage. The continuous process axis for conveying the profile minimizes idle time during profile changes. Significant advantages of forming processes according to the invention are fewer and longer profiles and fewer systems to be passed through. The forming stations can be designed conventionally (without superimposed tensile stresses) or lighter and / or shorter (straightening rolls or work rolls of smaller diameter, roll straightening machines with only two opposing straightening triangles, HV rolling blocks shorter by one frame). Roller levelers with counter rollers can take on rolling tasks, especially central rollers with support rollers.

Below are further properties and possibilities of the forming process according to the invention in connection with conceivable, implemented therein forming stations and resulting plant concepts not conclusively called and described - first on the number and type of passes for cold drawing, cold setting or cold rolling, in which the thermal overload of the tools stops when stopping - and then for other options according to the invention.

□ A step-by-step forming comprises an intermediate stopping of the starting material or the profile in the unidirectional conveying direction in the form of a "multi-hand reshaping with resetting." One advancing device or the forming machine keeps the forming material under continuing transverse pressure while another or several other feed devices open If one or more of the reversing feed devices has picked up again, further forming takes place. <br/><br/> [0002] This method minimizes setting marks that arise when fully unloaded, by holding the forming material in a tensioned state for empty reversing of a feed device. The method according to the invention makes it possible to transform larger cross sections step by step on a "smaller" machine so that larger cross sections can be formed with "two smaller" feed devices on one or each of both sides of the forming station, or microstages with only one feed device per side .Mideless with only one feed device to be pulled).

□ Continuous forming requires two (or more) feed devices on the ready side, or in other forming processes on the loading and / or unloading side at least two feed devices for conveying and forming without stopping, the so-called "hand-over-hand"

The jaws in the feed device open in the empty return path to such an extent that the process axis for the feed device in the load path is free, allowing smaller sections to be processed without any idle time ,

□ An example of this could be: Continuous production in plant with two feed devices on the loading side (1, 2), forming station (U) and two feed devices (3, 4) on the discharge side:

Feeding - feed device (1) clamps and feeds the head of the forming material into the forming station (U), forming station (U) closes and positions the forming station

Profile head, feed device (2) clamps, conveys and opens / forming station (U) promotes the Umformgut to feed device (3), forming station (U) positioned the profile head for feed device (3) properly / feed device (3) closes, feed device (1) closes /

Passage - Feed device (1) and feed device (2) alternately: one stretches the starting material (corresponding to reverse tension), the other reverses empty / forming station (U) forms around possibly with a small helix angle, which in the "plastic joints" the "material flow" Signal sends "/ feed device (3) and feed device (4) alternate in parallel, one feed device stretches the starting material (according to feed forward), the other feed device reverses empty /

Ausfördem - when feed device (1) and feed device (2) free from the foot of the Umformgutes are, employment in forming station (U) new / if forming station (U) free of foot of the forming material, feed device (3) and feed device (4) move the Umformgut out on a run-off table or sequence role. □ Pulling can be superimposed by retraction or feed, by a

"Modified push-in device": One or more feed devices or pairs of rollers operate in front of the drawing tool with the purpose of additionally applying an axial tension to the forming zone in the drawing tool - depending on the product, reverse tensile stress or continuous compressive stress after complete penetration.

□ The method according to the invention makes it possible to form reversibly several times products with particularly problematic forming tasks without being dispensed from the forming device, and to reverse the application side and direction of the formed material during full reversing.

Reversing straightening or rolling comprises a conveying of the material to be formed by the forming device back and forth - fully reversing with forming or empty reversing without forming, again with or without repositioning. On the material side or the finished side, the profile is held after the passage of one or more feed devices - preferably on both sides for axial tension - and the process continues with reversal of the conveying direction with a further passage.

□ Double-sided straightening or rolling presupposes the loading and / or unloading side for at least one feed device. In this modification of reversing straightening or rolling, one side may already feed while the other side is discharging. Thus, e.g. With the same straightening rolls or profile rolls, two articles can be produced in a separate material flow without a gap between them. Also, process-related waiting between two passes is industrially achievable.

A straightening after rolling is possible if the straightening roller plus counter roll alternatively can be driven as a rolling mill and the plant several Re passes with different forming processes, for example, rolls plus straightening. In general, a forming process change for a profile could be possible. For this purpose, the tools and plant components are to be set up and regulated in succession for each selected method - or to be opened - either in one pass for partial lengths of a profile, or from passage to passage.

□ Further process options can result from integration of other production or testing equipment in a transfer line before, between or behind the equipment according to the invention, by number and method variation of these equipment and processes, e.g. for particular products or equipment parameters, in particular e.g. for drawing and cutting machines.

The invention further relates to a device for forming longitudinally oriented profiles, in particular longitudinally oriented semi-finished and / or blanks of metallic materials, in particular steel, which transforms the longitudinal profile in at least one forming stage of a starting material by at least one forming tool, for which the Umformgut in the form of Starting material and / or the profile produced in the forming stage relative to the forming tool performs a controlled by at least one feed device relative movement, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1. In such a device, at least two independently movable and controllable feed devices are provided which exert axial or substantially temporally alternating axial forces on the forming material before and / or after the forming stage and thus before and / or in and / or behind the forming zone axial stresses in the Cause forming material.

It is particularly advantageous if the feed devices have clamping devices, in particular clamping jaws, with which they clamp the Umformgut and can exert forces on the Umformgut. These can be arranged in such a way to each other and movable in a further embodiment that they can simultaneously attack on the material to be formed or the reshaped profile. This makes it possible to simultaneously transmit the axial forces of two or more feed devices on the Umformgut and thus ready for forming standing axial force, for example when pulling to multiply. As a result, and by the independently controllable feed devices of the device for forming a substantially larger deformation (whether degree of deformation, material cross-section or material strength) can be achieved on a performance for normal eg alternating operation of the feed devices, when the feed devices as described attack simultaneously on the Umformgut and via the clamping devices, the individually provided axial forces act simultaneously on the Umformgut in the forming zone.

In this case, in a first embodiment, the clamping devices axially offset with respect to the feed direction attack each other on the Umformgut. This is basically the same as e.g. In combination with drawing machines realized construction, with the difference that here, unlike the time only briefly encompassing in combined drawing machines, according to the invention, the clamping devices also at the same time or over a longer period during the deformation attack on the Umformgut and can transmit the axial forces.

In another advantageous embodiment, it is conceivable that the clamping devices attack axially relative to the feed direction on the same material portion of the Umformgutes. The clamping devices can simultaneously attack quasi the same longitudinal or cross-sectional portion of the Umformgutes and thus initiate the clamping force in a very short longitudinal section of the Umformgutes. This is e.g. achievable in that the clamping devices are arranged rotated about the feed axis to each other, such as by the clamping means at least two pairs of oppositely arranged jaws, preferably rotated at 90 ° to the feed axis to each other, so that both jaw pairs can simultaneously attack on the same longitudinal portion of the Umformgutes , Arranged in such a nested arrangement, these pairs of jaws can, as it were, move into one another during the axial movement of the associated feed devices and, twisted about the feed axis, engage each other on the same longitudinal section of the material to be formed, where they guide the clamping force multiaxially.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the pairs of oppositely arranged jaws are individually radially adjustable so that they can orient the forming material radially relative to the feed direction. This can be a kind Offset of the material to be formed relative to the feed direction are generated by the example, an optimized alignment of the Umformgutes the process axis for a better distribution of Gesamtaxialkraft or better straightness of the profile is taken care of.

As types and arrangements of the feed devices are conceivable, even in different combinations:

□ Feed device with one, two, three or four adjustable jaws on a carriage with translatory drive. In the case of only one clamping jaw per slide, the process control must couple at least two slides to a feed device system technology.

□ Anstellantrieb for the jaws moving along in the carriage or radially engageable scenes, which are installed parallel to the feed axis

In this case, the feed device can carry the actual jaws in contact with the forming material as a tool holder, adapted to the profile or to a profile group, and is e.g. guided as a roller carriage. The translational guide track of the feed device is adjustable for clamping, e.g. by short-stroke cylinder. The translatory axial drive of the feed device, e.g. by means of rack and hydraulic motor, preferably with mass balance, can be connected to the guideway, in the carriage or free of both.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the forming method according to the invention or the forming device according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

Show it:

1 shows a schematic representation of a stepwise drawing with at least two feed devices 1, 2 with single drive and practically double axial force, FIG. 2 shows continuous drawing with at least two feed devices 1, 2 with individual drive on the same forming device according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3a - variant of the drawing according to Figure 1, wherein the feed device

3 acts as a stationary slide brake and the other feed device 4 applies the axial force,

Figure 3b - variant of the drawing according to Figure 1, wherein the head of the starting material 6 is conveyed by clamping in the feed device 2 and displacing in the position 2 ^' in the forming stage U, Figure 4 - rolling straightening or rolling or pulling with counter pull in a forming stage U with at least two feed devices 1, 2 on the inlet side and at least two feed devices 3, 4 on the outlet side for applying a superposed axial tension on the forming material, Figure 5 - variant of drawing with retraction, straightening or rolling according to Figure 1 with two feed devices 1, 3 before and after the forming stage U for applying a superposed axial stress on the starting material,

Figure 6 - variant of the forming according to Figure 4 with a device for

Heating of the forming material 5.6 in the region of the forming zone U,

FIG. 7 shows the method sequence for incremental feed with both feed devices and successive reversing with continued clamping;

Figure 8a, 8b - exemplary embodiment of the clamping devices with two order

90 ° about the feed axis twisted to each other arranged pairs of jaws to attack both pairs of jaws on the same longitudinal section of the Umformgutes, FIG. 9 shows a constructional-schematic implementation of a machine frame and arrangement of the clamping devices for clamping by both feed devices on the same longitudinal section of the material to be converted,

Figure 10 - Approach for the structural design of the feed devices with regard to the separation of the clamping movement of the translational movement.

The inventive method is described in the figure 1 at a simple example of the discontinuous drawing with at least two feeders 1, 2 with single drive and practically double axial force, the feeders 1, 2 together gradually with multiple pulling force the profile 5 of a starting material 6 in forming a forming stage U. Figure 1 shows schematically the actual drawing tool as Umformstufe U, the continuous process axis, which is also the longitudinal axis of the starting material 6 and the profile 5, the direction of movement 7 of the feed devices 1, 2 with the arrows behind the forming stage U, and the feed devices 1 and 2. For the feed devices 1, 2, two positions are close (1, 2) and removed 2 ') shown for forming stage U - here in a basic arrangement in a row.

The simultaneous and longitudinally offset attacking and clamping the profile behind the forming stage U by the feed devices 1, 2 allows simultaneous transmission of the feed devices 1, 2 individually generated axial forces on the profile 5 and thus in this case, virtually doubling the pulling forces on the same machine, which can also be operated according to Figure 2 as a combined drawing machine.

The feed devices 1, 2 thereby move simultaneously in their positions 1 ^' and 2 ^' , while they clamp the starting material 6 and reshape. They then successively release the clamping and travel freely back to the starting positions 1, 2.

This method of controlling the feed devices 1, 2 makes it possible to transform larger cross sections of the starting material 6 step by step on a "smaller" machine Process larger sections with "two smaller" feed devices 1, 2 on one side (pulling straight lengths without return) to be transformed.

A continuous forming in one pass is possible on the same forming device, that according to Figure 2, the two feed devices 1, 2 behind the forming station U (or in other forming processes such as straightening or rolling on loading and / or unloading each at least two Feed devices 1, 2 and 3, 4) alternately clamped with the Umformgut 5, 6 interact. The feed devices 1, 2 change from between load path for forming 7 and reversing 8 as free travel. To open the jaws in the respective feed devices 1 and 2 in the empty return path (position 2 ^' to position 2) so far that the feed axis for the other feed device 2 in the load path is free. Subsequently, the reversed feed device 2 clamps the profile 5 again and pulls it further through the forming stage U, while now located in the position Γ feed device 1 solves the clamping, opens and reversed to position 1. As a result, setting marks can be minimized by full relief by the profile 5 from the other feed device (1 ^' , then 2 according to Figure 7) is held stretched to Leer-reversing a feed device (2 *, then 1 * according to Figure 7).

FIGS. 3a and 3b show two different variants of the drawing according to FIG. 1, the mode of operation of the feed devices 2, 3 and 4 being enabled by the inventive actuation of the feed devices 2, 3 and 4 on the same forming device.

Thus, in the figure 3a, the pulling of the starting material 6 in the forming stage U be effected by one of the feed devices, here the feed device 3 acts as a stationary slide brake and the other feed device 4 by displacement in the position 4 ^', the axial force on the profile 5 applies. In this mode of operation, it is also possible, for example, to transform small batches with only one feed device.

Accordingly, in another embodiment according to FIG. 3 b, the beginning of the pulling of the starting material 6 can be simplified or secured by a further feed device 2 arranged in front of the forming stage U Beginning of the drawing operation, the head of the starting material 6 by clamping the starting material 6 and displaced to the position 2 ^' in the forming stage U promoted and initiates the pulling process with this impact. This can also be done by simple movement control of the feed device 2.

In FIG. 4, the method according to the invention is applied to roll straightening, rolling or circulating straightening. The central forming stage U has a roll straightening machine not shown in detail or a rolling stand or a roll stand group or a rotary straightening machine. The forming stage U is surrounded according to the invention with at least two feed devices 1, 2 on the inlet side and at least two feed devices 3, 4 on the outlet side. These feed devices 1, 2, 3, 4 are used to generate a superimposed axial stress for forming in the forming stage U, are all longitudinally movable, shown with the positions 1 'to 4'. This arrangement can be used to perform a given forming task in particular by superimposing high tensile stress in the forming material 5, 6 with a shorter, lighter, simpler design - up to a straightening or rolling devices without drive.

5 shows an arrangement of two feed devices 1, 3 before and after the forming stage U, wherein the two feed devices 1, 3 can be used for applying a superimposed axial stress on the Umformgut 5, 6. For this purpose, the two feed devices 1, 3 during their displacement in the positions 1 ^' and 3' are not moved exactly the same in the feed direction, so that the axial tension between the feed devices 1 and 3 is higher than between the forming stage U and the feed device. 1 As a result, the forming process in the forming stage U can be positively influenced. FIG. 5 represents a discontinuous process variant to the process sequence according to FIG.

FIG. 6 diagrammatically indicates the possibility that heating of the metal forming material 5, 6 in the region of the forming zone U is specifically effected by means of the feed devices 1, 3, in that a voltage is conductively coupled between the feed devices 1, 3 via flexible lines 10 through which this section can be specifically heated. By this heating, an additional influence on the deformation can be achieved, since transformations thermally activated often easier or cheaper to run for the microstructure.

For the simultaneous transmission of the axial forces on the Umformgut 5, 6, the arrangement of the clamping devices 11, 12 of importance. By suitable arrangement of the feed devices 1, 2 about the feed axis, the feed devices 1 and 2 can also move to the same longitudinal position of the profile 5. This is indicated in FIG. 8a, 8b by two pair of jaws 11, 12, which are arranged at 90 ° to each other about the feed axis. The pair of jaws 11 and 12 engage in each other and on the same longitudinal portion of the Umformgutes 5, 6, so that in this cross section, the clamping action (indicated by the radial arrows in Figure 8) acts.

Here, the pairs of jaws 11 and 12 and the associated feed devices 1, 2 as described above either both at the same time perform the feed movement 7 (Figure 8a) or alternately as in a combined drawing device work (Figure 8b), the jaws 11 are solved and eg perform a return stroke 8 in its initial position 1 and 2 and the jaws 12 while the Umformgut 5, 6 keep clamped and execute the feed movement 7.

The feed devices 1, 2 can each be guided symmetrically to the feed axis and driven individually. Figure 9 shows for two successively arranged feed devices 1 and 2, a constructive solution, each feed device 1 and 2 assign two guides on two diagonally opposite columns 13 of a 4-column machine frame. For the feed device 1, the jaws 11 and their clamping movements are marked with two double arrows, for feed device 2, only one jaw 12 is shown in plan view. It can be seen that both feed devices 1 and 2 with clamping movements at 90 ° to each other their jaws 11, 12 can move in the same plane in the longitudinal position (at a suitable low wrap angle of the jaws 11 and 12 to the Umformgut not shown).

FIG. 10 shows, on the left in cross section, an approach for the design of the feed devices 1, 2, 3, 4, according to which the main functions "radial clamped "and" move translationally "are separated into two modules, the example of a feed device 1 on a guideway 13. In this case, two parallel vertical double arrows indicate the radial position of the guide rail 13, on which the feed device 1 is moved in the axial direction, by a horizontal double arrow indicated.

Part number list

1 1 ^' r- feed device

2 2 ^' 2 * - feed device

3, 3 ^' - feed device

4, 4 ^' - feed device

5 - profile or pipe

6 - starting material

7 - Feed during forming

8 - Return stroke when reversing

9 - feed axis

10 - lines

11 - jaw

12 - jaw

13 - Guide / Pillar

U - forming stage

T - separating device

Claims

Dr. Joachim Graefe Sonnenhang 7b 58239 Schwerte claims

1. A method for forming longitudinally oriented profiles (5), in particular longitudinally oriented semi-finished and / or blanks of metallic materials, in particular of steel, wherein in at least one forming stage (U) the longitudinal profile (5) of a starting material (6) by at least one forming tool is converted, for which the Umformgut in the form of the starting material (6) and / or in the forming step (U) produced profile (5) based on the forming tool by at least one feed device (1, 2, 3, 4) controlled Relative movement along a feed axis (9) carries out, characterized in that at least two independently movable and controllable feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) before and / or after the forming stage (U) in such a way with the Umformgut (5, 6) interact in that axial forces acting on the forming material (5, 6) alternately or substantially in time are applied by the feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) and dami t before and / or in and / or behind the forming zone (U) axial stresses on the Umformgut (5, 6) are exercised.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the of the same time acting on the Umformgut (5, 6) feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) applied axial forces in their effect on the Umformgut (5, 6) amplify, in particular add substantially.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least two simultaneously on the forming material (5, 6) acting feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) the Umformgut (5, 6) discontinuously by the forming stage ( U).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least two independently movable and substantially temporally alternately on the Umformgut (5, 6) acting feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) in the change stroke the Umformgut (5, 6) continuously through the forming stage (U) promote.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one each feed device (1, 2, 3, 4) before and / or at least one feed device (1, 2, 3, 4) after the forming stage (U) with the forming material (5, 6) interact.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) before and / or at least two feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) after the forming stage (U) with the forming material (5, 6) interact.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the forming stage (U) a drawing machining is performed.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the forming stage (U), a rolling machining is performed.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the forming stage (U) a straightening, in particular a Rollenrichtbearbeitung and / or a Walzrichtbearbeitung is performed.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the forming stage (U) around the feed axis (9) of umzufor- menden material (6) pivoting tool torsional stresses in the Umformgut (5, 6) brings.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the forming stage (U) relative to the feed axis (9) of the Umformgutes (5, 6) displaceably arranged tool transverse compressive stresses in the Umformgut (5, 6) introduces.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Umformgut (5, 6) is cold, preferably formed without external heating.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the Umformgut (5, 6) half-warm, preferably with a heating to below a temperature without a structural change of the Umformgutes (5, 6) or damage to tools is formed.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the Umformgut (5, 6) hot, preferably at hot forming temperature is formed.

15. The method according to any one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the forming temperature between two passes of the Umformgutes (5, 6) varies.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the heating of the Umformgutes (5, 6) by means of conductive heating via the feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4).

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) depending on the elasticity of the Umformgutes (5, 6) and the Umformablauf controlled a total axial force on the Umformgut (5, 6 ) and dismantle.

18. Device for forming longitudinally oriented profiles (5), in particular longitudinally oriented semi-finished products and / or blanks made of metallic materials, in particular of steel, which in at least one forming stage (U) is made of a Forming material (6) by at least one shaping tool the longitudinal profile (5) forms, for which the Umformgut in the form of the starting material (6) and / or in the forming step (U) profile (5) based on the forming tool by at least a feed device (1, 2, 3, 4) executes controlled relative movement, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two independently movable and controllable feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) are provided, the front and / or after the forming stage (U) at the same time or substantially alternating in time exert axial forces on the Umformgut (5, 6) and thus before and / or in and / or behind the forming zone (U) axial stresses in the Umformgut (5, 6) cause.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) clamping devices (11, 12), in particular clamping jaws, with which they clamp the Umformgut (5, 6) and forces on the Umformgut ( 5, 6) can exercise.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the clamping devices (11, 12) of the jointly acting feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) are arranged to each other and movable so that they simultaneously attack the forming material (5, 6) can.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the clamping devices (11, 12) axially relative to the feed direction (9) offset from each other on the Umformgut (5, 6) attack.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the clamping means (11, 12) axially relative to the feed direction (9) on the same material portion of the Umformgutes (5, 6) attack.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the clamping devices (11, 12) about the feed axis (9) offset relative to the feed direction (9) are arranged offset from one another.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the clamping devices (11, 12) at least two pairs of oppositely arranged jaws, preferably offset at 90 ° about the feed axis (9) to each other, so that both pairs of jaws at the same time on the same cross-sectional portion of Forming good (5, 6) can attack.

25. Device according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the pairs of oppositely arranged jaws are individually radially adjustable so that they can align the Umformgut (5, 6) relative to the feed direction (9).

26. Device according to one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the feed devices (1, 2, 3, 4) have a drivable carriage, which is arranged movable on longitudinal guide tracks (13) of a machine bed.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that on the feed device (1, 2, 3, 4) jaws are arranged, which are radially adjustable relative to the longitudinal guideways and record and transmit the jaws, the axial forces of the translatory drive.