WO2015087912A1 - 太陽電池用封止膜及びこれを用いた太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池用封止膜及びこれを用いた太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015087912A1 WO2015087912A1 PCT/JP2014/082675 JP2014082675W WO2015087912A1 WO 2015087912 A1 WO2015087912 A1 WO 2015087912A1 JP 2014082675 W JP2014082675 W JP 2014082675W WO 2015087912 A1 WO2015087912 A1 WO 2015087912A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sealing film
- solar cell
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- mass
- parts
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell sealing film containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer and a carbodiimide compound, and a solar cell using the same.
- the solar cell generally has a surface side transparent protective member 11 made of a glass substrate, a surface side solar cell sealing film 13A, a solar cell 14 such as a silicon cell, and a back side sealing film. 13B and the back side protection member (back cover) 12 are laminated in this order, and after deaeration under reduced pressure, the surface side sealing film 13A and the back side sealing film 13B are crosslinked and cured to be bonded by heating and pressurization. Manufactured by integrating.
- an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) having excellent adhesion and transparency is a main component, and an organic peroxide is added thereto.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- a film containing a crosslinking agent such as a product is generally used.
- a film made of an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer has a problem that an acid such as carboxylic acid may be generated due to the influence of moisture or the like that penetrates into the solar cell, which corrodes the conductor or the electrode.
- Patent Document 1 a carbodiimide compound is blended in a solar cell sealing film, and the acid generated in the sealing film is reacted with the carbodiimide compound, whereby the generated acid is transferred to the sealing film. It is prevented from remaining.
- the solar cell sealing film containing a carbodiimide compound has a problem that it is easily yellowed by the influence of sunlight (particularly, ultraviolet rays).
- sunlight particularly, ultraviolet rays
- PID Pressure Induced Degradation
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell sealing film in which yellowing caused by a carbodiimide compound is suppressed and the PID phenomenon of the solar cell module can be suppressed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell in which the power generation efficiency and the appearance are prevented from being lowered by using the solar cell sealing film of the present invention.
- a solar cell sealing film comprising a resin material containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, a crosslinking agent and a carbodiimide compound,
- the crosslinking agent is represented by the following formula (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. It is achieved by a sealing film for solar cells characterized by
- the sealing film for solar cells contains a carbodiimide compound
- yellowing of the sealing film can be suppressed by using the crosslinking agent represented by the above formula (I), and the PID phenomenon of the solar cell module is also suppressed by the above configuration. It has been found by the inventor that this can be done.
- Preferred embodiments of the solar cell sealing film of the present invention are as follows.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 1 to 20.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the content of the carbodiimide compound is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the content of the di (meth) acrylate ester compound is in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is in the range of 0.35 to 0.6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the content of the carbodiimide compound is in the range of 0.1 to 0.25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- m in the formula (III) is an integer of 5 to 14.
- the cross-linking agent is t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate.
- the ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the above object is also achieved by a solar cell in which a solar cell element is sealed with the solar cell sealing film of the present invention.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a solar cell sealing film that has an acid-accepting effect by a carbodiimide compound and is less likely to cause yellowing of the sealing film and a PID phenomenon of the solar cell module. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a solar cell in which corrosion of electrodes and conductors inside the solar cell and deterioration in power generation efficiency and appearance are prevented.
- the solar cell sealing film of the present invention includes a resin material containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a carbodiimide compound.
- a resin material containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a carbodiimide compound containing an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a carbodiimide compound.
- the crosslinking agent is a compound represented by the following formula (I).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 may be linear or branched.
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group or a hexyl group, particularly preferably a t-butyl group.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 1-ethylpentyl group, 2-ethylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl.
- Group, 1-methylhexyl group, 2-methylhexyl group, 3-methylhexyl group, 1-ethylhexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group and 3-ethylhexyl group are preferable, and 2-ethylhexyl group is more preferable.
- the cross-linking agent represented by the formula (I) is particularly preferably t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate.
- the content of the cross-linking agent in the solar cell sealing film is 0.1 to 2.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 1.5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.8 to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the amount is 2 to 1.0 part by mass, more preferably 0.35 to 0.6 part by mass. If the amount is less than this range, the crosslinking rate may be slow and sufficient crosslinking characteristics may not be obtained. If the amount is more than this range, by-products that cause yellowing may increase.
- the carbodiimide compound contained in the solar cell sealing film is a compound having at least one carbodiimide group, that is, a group represented by —N ⁇ C ⁇ N—.
- a carbodiimide compound may be any conventionally known compound and is not particularly limited.
- carbodiimide compound examples include carbodiimide compounds represented by the following formula (II).
- R 3 and R 4 each may have a substituent, a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent aromatic Represents a hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 14, particularly 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a neopentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- Examples of monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 14 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Specifically, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like are preferable.
- the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group means an aryl group or an aralkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the above-described monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may each preferably have 1 to 4 substituents.
- Preferred examples of the substituent include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- said alkyl group the thing similar to what was enumerated above is mentioned preferably.
- R 3 and R 4 are particularly preferably a phenyl group, a 1,3-diisopropyl group, and a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group. According to the carbodiimide compound having these groups, it is possible to provide a solar cell having high reactivity with moisture, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and amine and having excellent durability.
- R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different.
- R 5 may be the same or different, and may have a substituent, a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group. And a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Preferred examples of the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Preferred examples include a methylene group and an octamethylene group.
- Preferred examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkylene groups having 3 to 14 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Specifically, 1,2-cyclopropylene group, 1,2-cyclobutylene group, 1,3-cyclobutylene group, 1,2-cyclopentylene group, 1,3-cyclopentylene group, 1,2 -Cyclohexylene group, 1,3-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,2-cyclooctylene group, 1,3-cyclooctylene group, 1,4-cyclooctylene group, 1, A 5-cyclooctylene group is preferred.
- Preferred examples of the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group include arylene groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Specifically, o-phenylene group, m-phenylene group, p-phenylene group and the like are preferable.
- divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group may each have 1 to 4 substituents.
- Preferred examples of the substituent include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group the thing similar to what was enumerated above is mentioned preferably.
- R 5 is particularly preferably a phenylene group, a 1,3-diisopropylene group, or a 2,6-diisopropylphenylene group. According to the carbodiimide compound having these groups, it is possible to provide a solar cell having high reactivity with moisture, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and amine and having excellent durability.
- n is an integer of 0 or more, preferably 1 to 1000, more preferably an integer of 1 to 100.
- carbodiimide compound examples include N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide, bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) carbodiimide, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethanecarbodiimide, and tetramethyl.
- Xylylene carbodiimide N, N'-dimethylphenylcarbodiimide, N, N'-di-2,6-diisopropylphenylcarbodiimide, N-methyl-N'-butylcarbodiimide, N, N'-diphenylcarbodiimide, N, N ' Preferred examples include -bis (2,2'-6,6'-tetraisopropyldiphenyl) carbodiimide, 1-methyl-3,5-diethylbenzene-2,4-polycarbodiimide. These may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more.
- the carbodiimide compound may be produced according to a conventionally known method. For example, a method of carbodiimidizing a diisocyanate compound by decarboxylation condensation reaction in the presence of a carbodiimidization catalyst in the absence of a solvent or in a predetermined solvent is used.
- solvent known solvents are used. Specifically, halogenated hydrocarbons such as tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, cyclic ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, toluene, xylene and the like And aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents. These solvents can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone
- cyclic ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, toluene,
- the carbodiimidization catalyst may be any known one, and examples thereof include organic phosphorus compounds and organometallic compounds.
- organophosphorus compounds examples include 1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-ethyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, and 3-methyl-1-phenyl.
- Preferable examples include phospholene oxides such as -2-phospholene-2-oxide or their 3-phospholene isomers.
- organometallic compound a general formula: M- (OR) 4 (M represents titanium, sodium, potassium, vanadium, tungsten, hafnium, zirconium, lead, manganese, nickel, calcium, or barium, and R represents carbon. And an alkyl group having 1 to 20 atoms or an aryl group).
- organometallic compound include alkoxides of titanium, hafnium, and zirconium.
- diisocyanate compound examples include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and araliphatic diisocyanate compounds. Specifically, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethyl diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, mixture of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene diene Isocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate
- the polymerization reaction can be stopped halfway by cooling or the like, and the polymerization degree can be controlled to an appropriate degree.
- the terminal is isocyanate.
- a method of sealing all or a part of the remaining terminal isocyanate using a compound that reacts with a terminal isocyanate of a polycarbodiimide compound such as monoisocyanate is also used. By controlling the degree of polymerization, compatibility with the polymer and storage stability can be improved, which is preferable.
- Monoisocyanates for sealing the ends of such polycarbodiimide compounds and controlling the degree of polymerization thereof include methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, pentyl isocyanate, neodymium Pentyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanate, p-nitrophenyl isocyanate, p- and m-tolyl isocyanate, p-formylphenyl isocyanate, p-isopropylphenyl isocyanate, 1-naphthyl isocyanate , Etc.
- the end-capping agent that blocks the end of the polycarbodiimide compound and controls the degree of polymerization thereof is not limited to the above-mentioned monoisocyanate compound, and includes the following active hydrogen compounds.
- (I) an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic compound having an —OH group; specifically, methanol, ethanol, phenol, cyclohexanol, N-methylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene Glycol monomethyl ether; (Ii) diethylamine having a NH group, dicyclohexylamine; (Iii) butylamine having a —NH 2 group, cyclohexylamine, N, N′-bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) thiourea; (Iv) succinic acid, benzoic acid, cyclohexanoic acid having a -COOH group; (V) ethyl mercaptan, allyl mercaptan, thiophenol having an —SH group; (Vi) a compound having an epoxy group; (Vii) Acetic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic
- the reaction temperature in the decarboxylation condensation reaction is preferably 70 ° C. or higher. Thereby, the decarboxylation condensation reaction proceeds sufficiently.
- a polycarbodiimide compound is preferable, and a terminal NCO group-containing polycarbodiimide is particularly preferable.
- the content of the carbodiimide compound contained in the solar cell sealing film of the present invention is 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass, particularly 0.1 to 0.25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material. Is preferred. If the content of the carbodiimide compound is too small, the acid-receiving effect may not be sufficiently obtained, and if it is too large, yellowing may easily occur.
- the mass ratio of the content of the crosslinking agent to the content of the carbodiimide compound is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 4, particularly 0.5 to 3. If it is this range, yellowing will be prevented reliably and the sealing film with a high acid-receiving effect can be obtained.
- the solar cell sealing film of the present invention contains a di (meth) acrylate ester compound represented by the following formula (III).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a methyl group, and m is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 5 to 14, particularly preferably an integer of 7 to 12.
- the content of the di (meth) acrylate compound is 0.1 to 0.4 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the mass ratio of the content of the crosslinking agent to the content of the di (meth) acrylate ester compound is usually in the range of 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 1.7. This is preferable in that the problems of the invention can be more effectively solved.
- the mass ratio of the content of the di (meth) acrylate ester compound to the content of the carbodiimide compound (di (meth) acrylate ester compound / carbodiimide compound) is usually in the range of 1 to 3, particularly 1 to 1.7. Is preferable in that the problem of the present invention can be more effectively solved.
- the content of the crosslinking agent, the carbodiimide compound and the di (meth) acrylate ester compound is preferably carbodiimide compound ⁇ di (meth) acrylate ester compound ⁇ crosslinking agent in that the problem of the present invention can be more effectively solved. .
- the resin material used as the base of the solar cell sealing film of the present invention includes an ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.
- Examples of the polar monomer of the ethylene-polar monomer copolymer include unsaturated carboxylic acid, its salt, its ester, its amide, vinyl ester, carbon monoxide and the like.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, lithium of these unsaturated carboxylic acids, sodium, Salts of monovalent metals such as potassium, salts of polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium and zinc, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, methacrylic acid
- unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as methyl, ethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, and dimethyl maleate
- vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. be able to.
- ethylene-polar monomer copolymer examples include ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers such as ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, and ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- Ionomers in which some or all of the carboxyl groups of the copolymer are neutralized with the above metals ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene- Isobutyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer such as ethylene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-isobutyl acrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-n-butyl acrylate -Ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester-unsaturated carbo such as methacrylic acid copolymer
- Typical examples include acid copolymers and ionomers in which some or all of the carboxyl groups have been neutralized with the above metals, ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
- the ethylene-polar monomer copolymer it is preferable to use a copolymer having a melt flow rate specified by JIS K7210 of 35 g / 10 min or less, particularly 3 to 6 g / 10 min.
- a solar cell sealing film having excellent processability can be obtained.
- the value of the melt flow rate (MFR) is measured based on the conditions of 190 ° C. and a load of 21.18 N according to JIS K7210.
- ethylene-polar monomer copolymer it is preferable to use an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) excellent in adhesiveness and transparency.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- the content of vinyl acetate in EVA is preferably 20 to 35% by mass, more preferably 22 to 32% by mass, and particularly preferably 24 to 30% by mass. If the vinyl acetate content is less than 20% by mass, the sealing film may not be sufficiently transparent, and if it exceeds 35% by mass, carboxylic acid and alcohol are likely to be generated.
- the resin material includes polyolefins such as polyethylene, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polyvinyl acetal resins (eg, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, in addition to the above-mentioned ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. (PVB resin), modified PVB) and the like may be included.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polyvinyl acetal resins (eg, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, in addition to the above-mentioned ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. (PVB resin), modified PVB) and the like may be included.
- the sealing film for solar cells of the present invention further contains a crosslinking aid.
- the crosslinking aid can improve the gel fraction of the ethylene-polar monomer copolymer and improve the adhesion and weather resistance of the solar cell sealing film.
- the content of the crosslinking aid in the solar cell sealing film is usually 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.3 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material. 1 part by mass.
- crosslinking aid compound having a radical polymerizable group as a functional group
- examples of the crosslinking aid include trifunctional crosslinking aids such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate, and (meth) acrylic esters (eg, NK ester). And monofunctional or bifunctional crosslinking aids.
- trifunctional crosslinking aids such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate, and (meth) acrylic esters (eg, NK ester).
- monofunctional or bifunctional crosslinking aids include triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate, and triallyl isocyanurate is particularly preferable.
- the solar cell sealing film of the present invention may further contain an adhesion improver.
- an adhesion improver a silane coupling agent can be used. Thereby, it can be set as the sealing film for solar cells which has the further outstanding adhesive force.
- Silane coupling agents include ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltri Methoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrichlorosilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- Mention may be made of ⁇ - (aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. These silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltri
- the content of the silane coupling agent in the solar cell sealing film of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, particularly 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- the sealing film for solar cells of the present invention improves or adjusts various physical properties of the film (optical properties such as mechanical strength and transparency, heat resistance, light resistance, crosslinking speed, etc.), especially improvement of mechanical strength. Therefore, it may further contain various additives such as plasticizers, acryloxy group-containing compounds, methacryloxy group-containing compounds and / or epoxy group-containing compounds, ultraviolet absorbers, hindered amines and other yellowing agents as necessary. Good.
- the content of these additives is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, particularly 0.05 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material.
- an ultraviolet absorber In the case of containing an ultraviolet absorber, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the ethylene-polar monomer copolymer due to the influence of irradiated light and the like, and yellowing of the sealing film.
- a benzophenone ultraviolet absorber is particularly preferable. Specifically, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-dodecyloxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy- Benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers such as 4-n-octoxybenzophenone are preferred.
- the blending amount of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.05 to 1 part by mass, particularly 0.1 to 0.4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin material. preferable.
- the solar cell sealing film of the present invention may be produced according to a known method. For example, it can be produced by a method in which a composition containing each of the above-mentioned components is mixed while being heated and molded by ordinary extrusion molding, calendar molding (calendering) or the like to obtain a sheet-like product.
- the thickness of the solar cell sealing film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- the structure of the solar cell of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes a structure in which the solar cell element is sealed by the solar cell sealing film of the present invention.
- the structure etc. which sealed the cell for solar cells by interposing the sealing film for solar cells of this invention between the surface side transparent protection member and the back surface side protection member, and making it bridge-integrate are mentioned. .
- a solar cell in order to sufficiently seal a solar cell, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface side transparent protective member 11, the surface side solar cell sealing film 13A, the solar cell 14, the back surface side What is necessary is just to laminate
- a laminated body in which each member is laminated is heated by a vacuum laminator at a temperature of 135 to 180 ° C., further 140 to 180 ° C., particularly 155 to 180 ° C., a degassing time of 0.1 to 5 minutes, and a press pressure. What is necessary is just to heat-press in 0.1-1.5 kg / cm 2 and press time 5-15 minutes.
- the front side sealing film 13A and the back side sealing film 13B are interposed.
- the surface side transparent protection member 11, the back surface side transparent member 12, and the cell 14 for solar cells can be integrated, and the cell 14 for solar cells can be sealed.
- the side (light-receiving surface side) where the light of the solar cell is irradiated is referred to as “front surface side”
- the surface opposite to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell is referred to as “back surface side”.
- the solar cell sealing film of the present invention is not limited to a solar cell using a single crystal or polycrystalline silicon crystal solar cell as shown in FIG. It can also be used as a sealing film for thin film solar cells such as solar cells and copper indium selenide (CIS) solar cells.
- the solar cell of the present invention is formed on a thin film solar cell element layer formed by a chemical vapor deposition method or the like on the surface of a surface side transparent protective member such as a glass substrate, a polyimide substrate, or a fluororesin transparent substrate.
- the structure for laminating the battery sealing film and the back surface side protective member and adhering and integrating them On the solar cell element formed on the surface of the back surface side protective member, the structure for laminating the battery sealing film and the back surface side protective member and adhering and integrating them, the front surface side Laminated transparent protective member, bonded and integrated structure, or front side transparent protective member, front side sealing film, thin film solar cell element, back side sealing film, and back side protective member are laminated in this order, For example, a structure that is bonded and integrated.
- the cell for solar cells and a thin film solar cell element are named generically, and are called a solar cell element.
- the surface side transparent protective member 11 is usually a glass substrate such as silicate glass.
- the thickness of the glass substrate is generally from 0.1 to 10 mm, and preferably from 0.3 to 5 mm.
- the glass substrate may generally be chemically or thermally strengthened.
- the back side protective member 12 is preferably a plastic film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyamide. Further, a film obtained by laminating a fluorinated polyethylene film, particularly a fluorinated polyethylene film / Al / fluorinated polyethylene film in this order in consideration of heat resistance and wet heat resistance may be used. Further, a glass plate may be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a film obtained by laminating a fluorinated polyethylene film, particularly a fluorinated polyethylene film / Al / fluorinated polyethylene film in this order in consideration of heat resistance and wet heat resistance may be used. Further, a glass plate may be used.
- the sealing film for solar cells of this invention has the characteristics in the sealing film used for the surface side and / or back surface side of a solar cell (a thin film solar cell is included). Therefore, members other than the sealing film such as the front surface side transparent protective member, the back surface side protective member, and the solar cell element may have the same configuration as that of a conventionally known solar cell, and are not particularly limited.
- the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
- the yellowness (YI) after 150 hours of ultraviolet irradiation was measured using a color difference meter (color computer SM-5-IS-2B, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) according to JIS-K-7105 (1981).
- Measured according to Ultraviolet irradiation was performed using an s-UV irradiation tester (eye super UV tester (manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.)) in an environment of a temperature of 63 ° C., and ultraviolet rays having an ultraviolet intensity of 295 to 400 nm of 100 mW / cm 2 .
- a yellowness of less than 4.0 was rated as ⁇ , and 4.0 or more was rated as x.
- the maximum output (P max ) of each solar cell mini-module was measured, and the output retention rate ((post test P max / pre test P max ) ⁇ 100 (%)) was calculated.
- An output holding ratio of 95% or more was evaluated as ⁇ , and an output retention rate of less than 95% was evaluated as 90% or more. Less than 90% and 85% or more were evaluated as ⁇ .
- the maximum output (P max ) of each solar cell mini-module was measured, and the output retention rate ((post test P max / pre test P max ) ⁇ 100 (%)) was calculated.
- An output holding ratio of 95% or more was rated as ⁇ , and an output retention rate of less than 95% and 90% or more was rated as ⁇ .
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Abstract
Description
エチレン-極性モノマー共重合体を含む樹脂材料、架橋剤及びカルボジイミド化合物を含む太陽電池用封止膜であって、
前記架橋剤が、下記式(I)
を含む。
(2)前記架橋剤の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~2.0質量部の範囲である。
(3)前記カルボジイミド化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.5質量部の範囲である。
(4)前記ジ(メタ)アクリレートエステル化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.4質量部の範囲である。
(5)前記架橋剤の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.35~0.6質量部の範囲である。
(6)前記カルボジイミド化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.25質量部の範囲である。
(7)式(III)のmが5~14の整数である。
(8)前記架橋剤が、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキシルモノカーボネートである。
(9)前記エチレン-極性モノマー共重合体が、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体である。
本発明において架橋剤は下記式(I)で表される化合物である。
太陽電池用封止膜に含まれるカルボジイミド化合物は、カルボジイミド基、すなわち、-N=C=N-で表される基を少なくとも一個有する化合物である。このようなカルボジイミド化合物としては、従来公知のものであればよく、特に制限されない。
(ii)=NH基を有するジエチルアミン、ジシクロへキシルアミン;
(iii)-NH2基を有するブチルアミン、シクロへキシルアミン、N,N'-ビス(2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル)チオ尿素;
(iv)-COOH基を有するコハク酸、安息香酸、シクロへキ酸;
(v)-SH基を有するエチルメルカプタン、アリルメルカプタン、チオフェノール;
(vi)エポキシ基を有する化合物;
(vii)無水酢酸、メチルテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸。
本発明の太陽電池用封止膜は下記式(III)で表されるジ(メタ)アクリレートエステル化合物を含む。
本発明の太陽電池用封止膜のベースとなる樹脂材料にはエチレン-極性モノマー共重合体が含まれる。エチレン-極性モノマー共重合体の極性モノマーは、不飽和カルボン酸、その塩、そのエステル、そのアミド、ビニルエステル、一酸化炭素等を例示することができる。より具体的には、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、マレイン酸モノメチル、マレイン酸モノエチル、無水マレイン酸、無水イタコン酸等の不飽和カルボン酸、これら不飽和カルボン酸のリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムなどの1価金属の塩やマグネシウム、カルシウム、亜鉛などの多価金属の塩、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸イソプロピル、アクリル酸イソブチル、アクリル酸n-ブチル、アクリル酸イソオクチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸イソブチル、マレイン酸ジメチル等の不飽和カルボン酸エステル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニルのようなビニルエステル、一酸化炭素、二酸化硫黄などの一種又は二種以上などを例示することができる。
本発明の太陽電池用封止膜は、さらに架橋助剤を含んでいることが好ましい。架橋助剤は、エチレン-極性モノマー共重合体のゲル分率を向上させ、太陽電池用封止膜の接着性、耐候性を向上させることができる。
本発明の太陽電池用封止膜においては、更に、接着向上剤を含んでいても良い。接着向上剤としては、シランカップリング剤を用いることができる。これにより、更に優れた接着力を有する太陽電池用封止膜とすることができる。シランカップリング剤としては、γ-クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(β-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、β-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリクロロシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-β-(アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランを挙げることができる。これらシランカップリング剤は、単独で使用しても、又は2種以上組み合わせて使用しても良い。なかでも、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランが特に好ましく挙げられる。
本発明の太陽電池用封止膜は、膜の種々の物性(機械的強度、透明性等の光学的特性、耐熱性、耐光性、架橋速度等)の改良あるいは調整、特に機械的強度の改良のため、必要に応じて、可塑剤、アクリロキシ基含有化合物、メタクリロキシ基含有化合物及び/又はエポキシ基含有化合物、紫外線吸収剤、ヒンダードアミン等の黄変防止剤などの各種添加剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。これら添加剤の含有量は樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.01~5質量部、特に0.05~2質量部であることが好ましい。
下記表に示す配合で各材料をロールミルに供給し、70℃において混練して太陽電池用封止膜組成物を調製した。この太陽電池用封止膜組成物を、70℃においてカレンダ成形し、放冷後、太陽電池用封止膜(厚さ0.5mm)を作製した。
(1)黄色度
得られた太陽電池用封止膜を2枚の白板ガラス(3.0mm厚)の間に挟み、真空ラミネータにて100℃10分間仮圧着した後、オーブンに入れ、150℃において30分間加熱し架橋させ積層体を得た。
上記で得られた太陽電池用封止膜を表面側封止膜、及び裏面側封止膜として用い、表面側透明保護部材(ガラス板)、裏面側保護部材(PETフィルム)間に太陽電池用セルを挟持した状態で加熱加圧し、太陽電池用セルを4個接続した太陽電池ミニモジュールを作製した。PID現象を発生させるモデル試験として、水槽内に、作製した各太陽電池ミニモジュールを受光面側が下側になるように浸漬させ、温度85℃、相対湿度85%にて、短絡させたモジュールの出力端子を-極に接続し、+極は水槽内に配置した銅板に接続し、1500Vの電圧を48時間印加した。
上記で得られた太陽電池用封止膜を表面側封止膜、及び裏面側封止膜として用い、表面側透明保護部材(ガラス板)、裏面側保護部材(PETフィルム)間に太陽電池用セルを挟持した状態で加熱加圧し、太陽電池用セルを1個接続した太陽電池ミニモジュールを作製した。作製した各太陽電池ミニモジュールを温度85℃、相対湿度85%の環境下に4000時間放置した。
出力保持率が95%以上を○、95%未満90%以上を△とした。
上記で得られた太陽電池用封止膜をオーブンに入れ、155℃で30分間加熱して架橋硬化させた。この架橋後の太陽電池用封止膜を秤量し[A(g)]、これを120℃のキシレン中に24時間浸漬して不溶解分を200メッシュの金網で濾過し、金網上の残渣を真空乾燥して乾燥残渣の重量を測定し[B(g)]、下記式によりゲル分率を算出した。
ゲル分率(質量%)=(B/A)×100
ゲル分率が85%以上を○、85%未満80%以上を△とした。
12 裏面側保護部材
13A 表面側太陽電池用封止膜
13B 裏面側太陽電池用封止膜
14 太陽電池用セル
Claims (11)
- 前記架橋剤の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~2.0質量部の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記カルボジイミド化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.5質量部の範囲である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記ジ(メタ)アクリレートエステル化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.4質量部の範囲である、請求項2~4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記架橋剤の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.35~0.6質量部の範囲である、請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記カルボジイミド化合物の含有量が、前記樹脂材料100質量部に対して0.1~0.25質量部の範囲である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 式(III)のmが5~14の整数である、請求項2~7の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記架橋剤が、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキシルモノカーボネートである、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 前記エチレン-極性モノマー共重合体が、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体である、請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池用封止膜により太陽電池素子を封止してなる太陽電池。
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