WO2015087594A1 - 分光ユニットおよびこれを用いた分光装置 - Google Patents
分光ユニットおよびこれを用いた分光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/26—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
- G01J3/0221—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers the fibers defining an entry slit
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0262—Constructional arrangements for removing stray light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
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- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J2003/1226—Interference filters
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spectroscopic unit that divides the measured light to be measured for each wavelength (wave number) and outputs each signal according to the received light intensity of each light of each wavelength, and a spectroscopic device using the spectroscopic unit,
- the present invention relates to a spectroscopic unit and a spectroscopic device that use filters having different transmission wavelengths according to incident positions along a predetermined direction.
- the spectroscopic device is a device that measures the spectrum of the light to be measured, which is a measurement target.
- the spectroscopic unit for spectroscopically splitting the light to be measured for each wavelength (wave number), and each wavelength split by the spectroscope A light receiving unit for receiving each light and outputting each signal according to the light receiving intensity of each light, and each intensity of each light of each wavelength (intensity with respect to wavelength) based on each signal output from the light receiving unit And a calculation unit for obtaining distribution and spectrum).
- spectroscopic devices for example, there is a spectroscopic device in which a filter having a different transmission wavelength according to an incident position along a predetermined direction is used for the spectroscopic unit in order to split the light to be measured.
- the light receiving unit includes a plurality of light receiving elements assigned to each wavelength, and the filter and the light receiving unit are arranged at a predetermined interval, and the light receiving unit transmits incident light. Since all the photoelectric conversion cannot be performed and a part of the light is reflected, multiple reflection may occur between the filter and the light receiving unit. As a result, each light receiving element in the light receiving unit normally receives not only the light having the wavelength that should be originally received but also light having the wavelength that should be received by other light receiving elements. As a countermeasure, conventionally, one of the filter and the light receiving portion is inclined with respect to the other, and these are arranged.
- a spectrograph disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a light source that can emit a light beam, an entrance slit that transmits a part of the light beam emitted by the light source to generate a transmitted light beam, and light that has passed through the entrance slit.
- a grating that can diffract the beam and creates a diffracted light beam and produces a spectrum in the image plane (X ′, Y ′), a detector that detects the light beam diffracted by the grating, and avoids an interference spectrum Comprising at least one means for tilting, said detector comprising a window through which the light beam diffracted by the grating is transmitted, a part of the diffracted light beam being detected at or with this window
- a spectrophotograph having a tilted detector window that is reflecting between the sensing surfaces of the detectors included in the plane (X ′′, Y ′′), avoiding the interference spectrum
- At least one tilting unit to allow consists detector window is detector window which is inclined. That is, the detector window is inclined and disposed in front of the detection surface of the detector, thereby removing multiple reflections generated between the detector window and the detection surface of the detector. .
- filters having different transmission wavelengths according to incident positions along a predetermined direction cannot be realized by one optical filter element, for example, for convenience of design and manufacturing, and are usually configured by combining a plurality of optical filter elements. Is done. For this reason, multiple reflection occurs in the filter. That is, multiple reflection occurs between the plurality of optical filter elements.
- the light receiving element receives not only light having a wavelength that should be received by light but also light having a wavelength that should be received by another light receiving element.
- the present invention uses a spectroscopic unit capable of reducing the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received by each light receiving element of the light receiving unit by reducing multiple reflections generated in the filter, and the same. It is to provide a spectroscopic device.
- a spectroscopic unit and a spectroscopic device include a plurality of optical filter elements arranged in order from an incident side to an output side of light to be measured, and filters having different transmission wavelengths according to incident positions along the first direction.
- the first optical filter element of the plurality of optical filter elements has a predetermined angle with a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction from the incident side to the emission side as rotation axes.
- the first optical filter element is inclined with respect to the second optical filter element disposed adjacent to the first optical filter element. Yes.
- the spectroscopic unit and the spectroscopic device according to the present invention can reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received by reducing the multiple reflection that occurs in the filter.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between stray light wavelength and stray light quantity for each number of multiple reflections in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an LPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light in an LVF composed of a BPF element-LVF and an LPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the stray light wavelength and the stray light amount for each number of multiple reflections in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an SPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an SPF-LVF element. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the frequency
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the spectroscopic device according to the first embodiment.
- 1A shows a side view of the spectroscopic unit
- FIG. 1B shows a top view of the spectroscopic unit
- FIG. 1C is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the spectroscopic device.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view showing the configuration of the spectroscopic device in the first embodiment.
- 2A and 2C are top views
- FIGS. 2B and 2D are side views.
- 2A and 2B show the state of reflection in the filter 3
- FIGS. 2C and 2D show the state of reflection between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the spectroscopic device according to the first embodiment.
- 1A shows a side view of the spectroscopic unit
- FIG. 1B shows a top view of the spectroscopic unit
- FIG. 1C is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the spectroscopic
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the transmission wavelength characteristics of the linear variable filter in the spectroscopic device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3A shows each transmission wavelength characteristic at each incident position XPc
- FIG. 3B shows the relationship between the incident position XPc and the center wavelength ⁇ c.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3A is the wavelength expressed in nm
- the vertical axes thereof are the transmittance expressed in%
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3B is the incident position XPc of the linear variable filter
- FIG. 3A shows each transmission wavelength characteristic at each incident position XPc
- FIG. 3B shows the relationship between the incident position XPc and the center wavelength ⁇ c.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3A is the wavelength expressed in nm
- the vertical axes thereof are the transmittance expressed in%
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the transmission wavelength characteristics of each filter constituting the linear variable filter in the spectroscopic device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows the wavelength transmission characteristics of the band-pass filter, the short-pass filter, and the long-pass filter
- FIG. 4B shows the transmission wavelength characteristics obtained by combining these.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 4 is the wavelength expressed in nm
- the vertical axis is the transmittance expressed in%.
- the spectroscopic device is a device that measures the spectrum of the light to be measured, which is a measurement target.
- Each spectroscopic device separates the light to be measured for each wavelength (wave number), and each light according to the received light intensity of each wavelength.
- the light to be measured includes one or a plurality of wavelengths ⁇ k.
- the spectroscopic device D includes a spectroscopic unit SU and a control calculation unit 5 as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- a control calculation unit 5 as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- the spectroscopic unit SU is a device that divides the light under measurement to be measured for each wavelength and outputs each signal corresponding to the received light intensity of each light of each wavelength.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B As shown in FIG. 1, the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 are provided, and in the example shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the aperture member 1 and the optical system 2 are further provided.
- the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are arranged in this order so that the optical axes coincide with the optical axis AX of the spectroscopic unit SU in the order in which the light to be measured propagates. .
- the opening member 1 is a member having an opening for emitting measurement light incident on the spectroscopic unit SU into the spectroscopic unit SU.
- the opening member 1 is, for example, a plate-like body made of a material that can block light to be measured, and a through-hole having a predetermined shape (for example, a circular shape) is formed in the plate-like body as the opening. ing.
- a window member made of a light-transmitting material may be disposed in the opening.
- the opening member 1 is an optical fiber such as a single core fiber or a multi-core fiber that guides light to be measured. In this case, one end face of the optical fiber is the opening.
- the light to be measured emitted from the opening of the aperture member 1 into the spectroscopic unit SU of the spectroscopic device D propagates while diverging and enters the optical system 2.
- the optical system 2 is for guiding the light to be measured emitted from the opening of the aperture member 1 and incident on the optical system 2 to the filter 3.
- the optical system 2 includes, for example, first to third cylindrical lenses 21, 22, and 23 in this embodiment.
- the first to third cylindrical lenses 21, 22, and 23 are arranged in this order from the incident side to the emission side (in the order in which the light to be measured propagates).
- the first and second cylindrical lenses 21 and 22 are arranged so that the curved surfaces thereof face each other, and collect the light to be measured only in the orthogonal direction described later as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the third cylindrical lens 23 is arranged so that the curved surface faces the exit side, and collimates the measured light only in the wavelength dispersion direction described later as shown in FIG. 1B.
- the light to be measured that has entered the optical system 2 is collected in the orthogonal direction by the optical system 2, is collimated in the wavelength dispersion direction, is emitted, and is incident on the filter 3.
- the filter 3 transmits light according to an incident position along a first direction which is a predetermined direction for dispersing the measured light emitted from the optical system 2 and incident on the filter 3 for each wavelength (wave number).
- Optical elements having different wavelengths.
- This first direction is the chromatic dispersion direction.
- the second direction from the incident side to the emission side of the light to be measured is the optical axis AX direction of the optical system 2, and these first direction (wavelength dispersion direction) and second direction (optical axis AX direction of the optical system 2).
- the third direction orthogonal to each is the orthogonal direction.
- the light to be measured incident on the filter 3 is split (wavelength-separated) by the filter 3, and a plurality of lights having different wavelengths ⁇ k are emitted from the filter 3, and each of the plurality of lights is incident on the light receiving unit 4. .
- the filter 3 includes, for example, a linear variable filter (also referred to as a linear variable filter or a sliding filter, hereinafter abbreviated as “LVF” as appropriate) in the present embodiment.
- the LVF is an optical element in which the center wavelength ⁇ c in the transmission wavelength characteristic (transmission wavelength band Bc) of the optical bandpass filter changes continuously and linearly according to the incident position XPc.
- the position XPc is substantially proportional to the center wavelength ⁇ c of the transmission wavelength characteristic.
- light incident on the incident position XPc is emitted from the incident position XPc as light having a predetermined full width at half maximum FWHM and a wavelength band of the center wavelength ⁇ c.
- the overall transmission wavelength characteristic of the LVF filter 3 is such that the transmission wavelength characteristics of the bandpass filters having different center wavelengths ⁇ c in one direction (first direction) are directly proportional to the incident position XPc. It will be a series.
- a bandpass filter type LVF in which the transmission wavelength characteristics of a bandpass filter are connected in one direction with different center wavelengths ⁇ c for each incident position XPc is, for example, a single bandpass filter type LVF (BPF ⁇ An LVF) element is combined with at least one of a short-pass filter type LVF (SPF-LVF) element and a long-pass filter type LVF (LPF-LVF) element.
- SPF-LVF short-pass filter type LVF
- LVF-LVF long-pass filter type LVF
- a single bandpass filter type LVF (BPF-LVF) element has a transmission wavelength band not only in the original transmission wavelength band but also in other wavelength bands. This is because cutting is performed with a type of LVF element (SPF-LVF element, LPF-LVF element).
- SPF-LVF element LPF-LVF element
- a single band-pass filter type LVF (BPF-LVF) element has a wavelength of about not only the transmission wavelength band of the original center wavelength of 535 nm, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4A.
- the transmission wavelength band includes a wavelength band including 450 nm as a central wavelength and a wavelength band including a wavelength of about 650 nm as a central wavelength, in order to cut them, a short-pass filter type having a transmission wavelength characteristic indicated by a broken line in FIG. 4A Or a long-pass filter type LVF (LPF-LVF) element having a transmission wavelength characteristic indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 4A.
- LVF-LVF long-pass filter type LVF
- the short-pass filter type LVF element is a single optical element in which the cutoff wavelength ⁇ co in the transmission wavelength characteristic (transmission wavelength band Bc) of the optical short-pass filter changes continuously and linearly according to the incident position XPc. is there.
- the short pass filter (SPF) transmits light having a shorter wavelength than the cutoff wavelength ⁇ co. That is, the short-pass filter is a high-pass filter that is defined by a wavelength and transmits light on a higher frequency side than the cutoff frequency fco if it is defined by a frequency.
- the long-pass filter type LVF element is a single optical element in which the cutoff wavelength ⁇ co in the transmission wavelength characteristic (transmission wavelength band Bc) of the optical long-pass filter changes continuously and linearly according to the incident position XPc.
- the long pass filter (LPF) transmits light having a wavelength longer than the cutoff wavelength ⁇ co. That is, the long-pass filter is a low-pass filter that is defined by the wavelength and that transmits light on the lower frequency side than the cutoff frequency fco if it is defined by the frequency.
- filter element a single optical element having a filter characteristic
- filter an optical element that realizes one filter characteristic by combining a plurality of filter elements
- one first optical filter element of the plurality of optical filter elements is used. Is a predetermined angle with the third direction (orthogonal direction) perpendicular to the first direction (wavelength dispersion direction) and the second direction (optical axis AX direction) from the incident side to the exit side of the light to be measured as a rotation axis.
- the first optical filter element is inclined with respect to the second optical filter element disposed adjacent to the first optical filter element. Yes.
- the first optical filter element may be inclined and rotated by a predetermined angle with the third direction as a rotation axis.
- the LVF and the line sensor are long in the wavelength dispersion direction and in the orthogonal direction.
- the third direction is the rotation axis
- a relatively large tilt angle is required compared to the case where the first direction is the rotation axis, and the configuration is relatively large.
- the first optical filter element is inclined and arranged by rotating a predetermined angle with the first direction as the rotation axis.
- the filter 3 includes two first and second optical filter elements arranged in order from the incident side to the emission side of the light to be measured.
- the first optical filter element 31 is a band-pass filter type LVF (BPF-LVF) element, and the first optical filter element 31 rotates by a predetermined angle with the first direction as a rotation axis.
- the second optical filter element 32 arranged adjacent to the first optical filter element 31 is inclined with respect to the first optical filter element 31.
- the second optical filter element 32 is a short pass filter type LVF (SPF-LVF) element or a long pass filter type LVF (LPF-LVF) element.
- the predetermined angle will be described in detail later.
- the predetermined angle is roughly calculated by first calculating the allowable number of multiple reflections in the first step, and then calculating the necessary tilt angle in the second step. To be determined.
- the first step the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light is obtained by using the maximum incident angle in the wavelength dispersion direction.
- the necessary inclination angle is obtained by using the maximum incident angle in the orthogonal direction in which the stray light is most difficult to escape so as to escape the stray light within the allowable number of multiple reflections obtained in the first step.
- the distance between the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 is L1
- the distance between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 is L2
- X1 is the width along the third direction in the light receiving unit 4
- X2 is the maximum incident angle in the orthogonal direction of the light to be measured incident on the second optical filter element 32
- the predetermined angle ⁇ is the following (1) and (2) Satisfies the conditional expression.
- the distance L1 is a so-called optical distance.
- the physical actual length Lr1 When a medium other than air is present (arranged) between the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32, the physical actual length Lr1. Instead, it is a dimension (air conversion length) converted into air in consideration of the refractive index n1.
- the light receiving unit 4 is a device for receiving each light of each wavelength that is incident on the light to be measured emitted from the filter 3 and spectrally separated by the filter 3. More specifically, for example, the light receiving unit 4 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in parallel along the first direction (wavelength dispersion direction), and the wavelengths separated from each other by the filter 3 (wavelength separation). It is an apparatus that receives a plurality of lights having different ⁇ k (each light of each wavelength) by each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- the photoelectric conversion element is an element that converts light energy into electric energy, and outputs a current having a magnitude corresponding to received light intensity (light power).
- the light-receiving part 4 outputs the voltage of the magnitude
- the light receiving unit 4 is, for example, a line sensor (photodiode array, PD) in which a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements of a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) type or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type are arranged in a straight line. Array).
- the light receiving unit 4 is arranged corresponding to the arrangement position of the filter 3 so that each of the photoelectric conversion elements (pixels) receives a predetermined wavelength assigned in advance.
- the photoelectric conversion element and the center wavelength ⁇ c have a one-to-one correspondence.
- Each light of each wavelength incident on the light receiving unit 4 is photoelectrically converted by each photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4, and each signal (current signal or voltage signal, received light data) having a magnitude corresponding to the received light intensity of each light. ) Is output from the light receiving unit 4, and each of these signals (light reception data) is input to the control calculation unit 5.
- the light receiving unit 4 is disposed such that the light receiving surface (the surface formed by each light receiving surface of each photoelectric conversion element) is parallel to the emission surface of the second optical filter element 32 of the filter 3.
- the first optical filter element 31 of the filter 3 is disposed to be inclined with respect to the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 4, similarly to the second optical filter element 32.
- the first optical filter element 31 rotates by a predetermined angle with the third direction as a rotation axis, or rotates by a predetermined angle with the first direction as a rotation axis. It may be arranged to be inclined with respect to the light receiving surface.
- the control calculation unit 5 is connected to the light receiving unit 4 and controls each unit of the spectroscopic device D according to the function of each unit to obtain the spectrum of the light to be measured. Based on (data), each intensity
- the control calculation unit 5 includes, for example, a CPU (microprocessor) and its peripheral circuits. As shown in FIG. 1C, the control calculation unit 5 is functionally configured with a control unit 51 and a spectral calculation unit 52 by executing a program.
- the control unit 51 controls each part of the spectroscopic device D according to the function of each part in order to obtain the spectrum of the light to be measured.
- the spectroscopic calculation unit 52 obtains each intensity (spectrum) of each light of each wavelength included in the measured light based on each signal (light reception data) obtained by the light receiving unit 4.
- the storage unit 6 is connected to the control calculation unit 5 and controls the measured light based on a control program for controlling each unit of the spectroscopic device D according to the function of each unit and each signal obtained by the light receiving unit 4.
- Various programs such as a spectroscopic program for obtaining each intensity of each light included in each wavelength, data necessary for executing these programs, data generated during the execution of these programs, and the light receiving unit 4
- Various data such as each signal (light reception data) is stored.
- the storage unit 6 is, for example, a non-volatile storage element such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or a so-called working memory as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) RAM in the control arithmetic unit 5. It includes a volatile memory element such as Access Memory) and its peripheral circuits.
- the storage unit 6 may include a relatively large-capacity storage device such as a hard disk, for example, in order to store the received light data output from
- the input unit 7 is connected to the control calculation unit 5 and measures, for example, various commands such as a command for instructing measurement start of the light to be measured and a spectrum such as an input of an identifier in the light to be measured (sample).
- various commands such as a command for instructing measurement start of the light to be measured and a spectrum such as an input of an identifier in the light to be measured (sample).
- the output unit 8 is a device that outputs commands and data input from the input unit 7 and the spectrum of the light to be measured measured by the spectroscopic device D.
- the output unit 8 is a display device such as a CRT display, LCD, or organic EL display. Or a printing device such as a printer.
- a touch panel may be configured from the input unit 7 and the output unit 8.
- the input unit 7 is a position input device that detects and inputs an operation position such as a resistive film method or a capacitance method
- the output unit 8 is a display device.
- a position input device is provided on the display surface of the display device, one or more input content candidates that can be input to the display device are displayed, and the user touches the display position where the input content to be input is displayed. Then, the position is detected by the position input device, and the display content displayed at the detected position is input to the spectroscopic device D as the user operation input content.
- the spectral device D that is easy for the user to handle is provided.
- the IF unit 9 is a circuit that is connected to the control calculation unit 5 and inputs / outputs data to / from an external device.
- an RS-232C interface circuit that is a serial communication method, Bluetooth (registered trademark) standard
- the interface circuit used is an interface circuit that performs infrared communication such as IrDA (Infrared Data Association) standard, and an interface circuit that uses USB (Universal Serial Bus) standard.
- the measured light to be measured enters the spectroscopic device D through the opening of the aperture member 1 and enters the optical system 2.
- the light to be measured incident on the optical system 2 is collimated (parallelized) in the wavelength dispersion direction (first direction) while being collected in the orthogonal direction (third direction) by the optical system 2 to become parallel light, and the filter. 3 is incident.
- the light to be measured incident on the filter 3 from the optical system 2 is dispersed according to the incident position Xn, and becomes a plurality of lights having mutually different wavelengths and is incident on the light receiving unit 4.
- Each light incident on the light receiving unit 4 is received and photoelectrically converted by each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- each light incident on the light receiving unit 4 is output from the light receiving unit 4 as each electric signal corresponding to the light intensity.
- Each signal (light reception data) output from the light receiving unit 4 is input to the control calculation unit 5 and stored in the storage unit 6.
- the control calculation unit 5 performs signal processing on each signal data (light reception data) stored in the storage unit 6 by, for example, known conventional means, and obtains a spectrum of the light to be measured. Then, the control calculation unit 5 stores the obtained spectrum of the measured light in the storage unit 6 as necessary, or outputs the obtained spectrum of the measured light as required by the output unit 8 or the IF unit. Or output to 9.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the transmission wavelength characteristics of the LVF at the incident position corresponding to the transmission wavelength band of the center wavelength 535 nm.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the wavelength expressed in nm, and the vertical axis is the transmittance expressed in%.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the multiple reflection of obliquely incident light and the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received by the light receiving element.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining the state of multiple reflection
- FIGS. 6B to 6G are diagrams showing transmission wavelength characteristics at the incident positions XP1 to XP6 on the LVF shown in FIG. 6A.
- the BPF-LVF element transmits the transmission wavelength of the central wavelength 535 nm as shown in FIG. In addition to the band, it has a transmission wavelength band with a center wavelength of about 450 nm. In LVF, this transmission wavelength band (unnecessary transmitted light) with a center wavelength of about 450 nm is cut by an LPF-LVF element.
- the light to be measured enters the LVF, at the incident position XP1 corresponding to the transmission wavelength band of the center wavelength 535 nm, the light of the wavelength 535 nm of the light to be measured is sequentially transmitted through the BPF-LVF element and the LPF-LVF element in order. Then, the light is received by the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 assigned so as to receive light having a center wavelength of 535 nm.
- light having a wavelength of about 450 nm in the light to be measured is transmitted through the BPF-LVF element, but is not transmitted through the LPF-LVF element, but is reflected and travels to the BPF-LVF element.
- the incident angle of the light to be measured is 0, light having a wavelength of about 450 nm out of the light to be measured is incident on the incident position XP1 of the LPF-LVF element, and is determined by the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. 6B. reflect.
- the reflected light having a wavelength of about 450 nm reflected at the incident position XP1 of the LPF-LVF element returns to the incident position XP1 of the BPF-LVF element, and thus passes through the BPF-LVF element as it is and is not subjected to multiple reflection.
- FIG. 6A in the case of oblique incidence, light having a wavelength of about 450 nm out of the light to be measured is incident on the incident position XP2 of the LPF-LVF element on the short wavelength side of the incident position XP1.
- the light is reflected by the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. 6C and travels to the BPF-LVF element.
- the reflected light having a wavelength of about 450 nm reflected at the incident position XP2 of the LPF-LVF element enters the incident position XP3 shifted to the short wavelength side. Since this is the LVF at the incident position XP3, the transmission wavelength band is a transmission wavelength band with a center wavelength of about 518 nm corresponding to the incident position XP3, as shown in FIG. 6D, and the reflected light with a wavelength of about 450 nm is reflected again. To the LPF-LVF element.
- the light having a wavelength of about 450 nm reflected at the incident position XP3 is incident on the incident position XP4 of the LPF-LVF element on the short wavelength side of the incident position XP3, is reflected again by the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. 6E, and is BPF-LVF. Head to the element.
- the obliquely incident light having a wavelength of about 450 nm is multiple-reflected between the BPF-LVF element and the LPF-LVF element, and propagates between the BPF-LVF element and the LPF-LVF element to the short wavelength side.
- the cutoff wavelength of the LPF-LVF element is also shifted, and the LPF-LVF element eventually transmits light having a wavelength of about 450 nm at the incident position XP6 as shown in FIG. 6G.
- the multiple reflected reflected light having a wavelength of about 450 nm is received by the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 corresponding to the incident position XP6. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 corresponding to the incident position XP6 also receives light having a wavelength that is not the light of the wavelength that should be received by the main body assigned to receive light. An error will be included.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the transmission wavelength characteristics of the LVF at the incident position corresponding to the transmission wavelength band of the center wavelength 535 nm.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the wavelength expressed in nm, and the vertical axis is the transmittance expressed in%.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the multiple reflection of obliquely incident light and the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received by the light receiving element.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining the state of multiple reflection
- FIGS. 8B to 8G are diagrams showing transmission wavelength characteristics at the incident positions XP11 to XP16 on the LVF shown in FIG. 8A.
- the BPF-LVF element transmits the transmission wavelength of the central wavelength 535 nm as shown in FIG. In addition to the band, it has a transmission wavelength band with a center wavelength of about 650 nm. In LVF, this transmission wavelength band (unnecessary transmitted light) with a center wavelength of about 650 nm is cut by an SPF-LVF element.
- the light to be measured enters the LVF, at the incident position XP11 corresponding to the transmission wavelength band having the center wavelength of 535 nm, the light having the wavelength of 535 nm among the light to be measured is sequentially transmitted through the BPF-LVF element and the SPF-LVF element. Then, the light is received by the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 assigned so as to receive light having a center wavelength of 535 nm.
- light having a wavelength of about 650 nm among the light to be measured is transmitted through the BPF-LVF element, but is not transmitted through the SPF-LVF element, but is reflected and travels to the BPF-LVF element.
- the incident angle of the light to be measured is 0, the light having a wavelength of about 650 nm out of the light to be measured is incident on the incident position XP11 of the SPF-LVF element, and the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. reflect.
- the reflected light having a wavelength of about 650 nm reflected at the incident position XP11 of the LPF-LVF element returns to the incident position XP11 of the BPF-LVF element, it is transmitted through the BPF-LVF element as it is and is not subjected to multiple reflection as described above.
- FIG. 8A in the case of oblique incidence, light having a wavelength of about 650 nm out of the light to be measured is incident on the incident position XP12 of the SPF-LVF element on the long wavelength side of the incident position XP11. The light is reflected by the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. 8C and travels to the BPF-LVF element.
- the reflected light having a wavelength of about 650 nm reflected at the incident position XP12 of the SPF-LVF element enters the incident position XP13 shifted to the long wavelength side. Since this is the LVF at the incident position XP13, the transmission wavelength band is a transmission wavelength band with a center wavelength of about 550 nm corresponding to the incident position XP13, as shown in FIG. 8D, and the reflected light with the wavelength of about 650 nm is reflected again. To the SPF-LVF element.
- the light having a wavelength of about 650 nm reflected at the incident position XP13 is incident on the incident position XP14 of the SPF-LVF element on the long wavelength side of the incident position XP13, is reflected again by the transmission wavelength characteristic shown in FIG. 8E, and is BPF-LVF. Head to the element.
- the obliquely incident light having a wavelength of about 650 nm is multiple-reflected between the BPF-LVF element and the SPF-LVF element, and has a long wavelength between the BPF-LVF element and the SPF-LVF element. Propagate to the side.
- the cutoff wavelength of the SPF-LVF element is also shifted, and the SPF-LVF element eventually transmits light having a wavelength of about 650 nm at the incident position XP16 as shown in FIG. 8G.
- the multiple reflected reflected light having a wavelength of about 650 nm is received by the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 corresponding to the incident position XP16. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion element of the light receiving unit 4 corresponding to the incident position XP16 also receives light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of the main body that should be received so as to receive light. An error will be included.
- ⁇ Countermeasure against multiple reflection in filter and the predetermined angle> In order to reduce such multiple reflection, for example, by using a collimator lens having a long focal length, the collimation of the light to be measured incident on the filter 3 is improved, and oblique incident light that causes multiple reflection is reduced.
- a method is conceivable.
- the filter dimensions are constant, the longer the focal length, the smaller the aperture angle in the wavelength dispersion direction in the optical system, so the amount of incident light on the spectroscopic unit SU or spectroscopic device D decreases, and as a result, the measurement SN will fall.
- the focal length is increased, the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D are increased in size. This effect becomes even more pronounced when the size of the entrance aperture is large or when there are multiple entrance apertures.
- the first optical filter element 31 of the filter 3 rotates by a predetermined angle with the third direction or the first direction as a rotation axis.
- the second optical filter element 32 is disposed to be inclined.
- the first optical filter element 31 of the filter 3 rotates by a predetermined angle with the third direction or the first direction as a rotation axis, and also tilts with respect to the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 4.
- the predetermined angle is preferably set as follows.
- a case where the rotation axis is in the first direction will be described as an example.
- the calculation can be performed in the same way.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the stray light wavelength and the amount of stray light according to the number of multiple reflections in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an LPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light in an LVF composed of a BPF element-LVF and an LPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the stray light wavelength and the amount of stray light for each number of multiple reflections in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an SPF-LVF element.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light in an LVF composed of a BPF-LVF element and an SPF-LVF element.
- the horizontal axis in FIGS. 9 and 11 is the wavelength of stray light expressed in nm units, and the vertical axis thereof is the amount of light expressed in% units.
- 10 and 12 the horizontal axis represents the number of multiple reflections, and the vertical axis thereof represents the amount of light expressed in%.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the number of allowable multiple reflections and the tilt angle of the first optical filter element.
- FIG. 13A shows a case where the number of allowable multiple reflections is one
- FIG. 13B shows a case where the number of allowable multiple reflections is two.
- the distance (air conversion length) L1 between the BPF-LVF element and the LPF-LVF element is 1.5 mm.
- the linearity in the BPF-LVF element is 20 nm / mm and the maximum incident angle in the chromatic dispersion direction in the BPF-LVF element is 15 degrees, the relationship between the stray light wavelength and the stray light quantity is different depending on the number of multiple reflections. Numerical calculation based on the process of reflection. The results are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. As can be seen from FIG.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the numerical calculation results of the incident angle of 15 degrees. As the incident angle approaches 0, the number of multiple reflections increases from the multiple reflection process described above.
- the distance (air conversion length) L1 between the BPF-LVF element and the SPF-LVF element is 1.5 mm.
- the linearity in the BPF-LVF element is 20 nm / mm and the maximum incident angle in the chromatic dispersion direction in the BPF-LVF element is 15 degrees, the relationship between the stray light wavelength and the stray light quantity is different depending on the number of multiple reflections. Numerical calculation based on the process of reflection. The results are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. As can be seen from FIG.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show the numerical calculation results for an incident angle of 15 degrees. As the incident angle approaches 0, the number of multiple reflections increases from the multiple reflection process described above.
- the first optical filter element (BPF-LVF element) is an angle at which the number of multiple reflections is less than three reciprocations. If the is inclined, stray light can be reduced.
- the number of multiple reflections depends on the incident angle, in other words, the predetermined angle (tilt angle) ⁇ in the first optical filter element 31, although it depends on the transmission wavelength characteristics of each LVF element constituting the LVF. Therefore, conversely, the predetermined angle ⁇ in the first optical filter element 31 depends on the allowable number of multiple reflections.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ 1 is expressed by equation (1a), and as shown in FIG.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ 2 is expressed by equation (1b).
- the predetermined angle ⁇ 3 becomes the equation (1c)
- the predetermined angle ⁇ 4 becomes Expression (1d)
- the predetermined angle ⁇ 5 becomes Expression (1e).
- the above-described equation (1) is obtained.
- the predetermined angle (tilt angle) ⁇ decreases as the allowable number of multiple reflections increases.
- the greater the number of allowed multiple reflections the greater the amount of stray light.
- the allowable number of multiple reflections is determined according to the stray light quantity allowed by the specs of the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D (for example, measurement accuracy, etc.). Based on (1), the predetermined angle ⁇ is designed.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light in the silicon sensor.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 14 is the number of multiple reflections, and the vertical axis is the amount of stray light expressed in%.
- the reflectance at the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 4 is substantially uniform between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 regardless of the incident position, the intensity of the reflected light decreases as the number of reflections increases.
- the light receiving unit 4 is a silicon sensor
- the reflectance at the light receiving surface is about 33%, so the relationship between the number of multiple reflections and the amount of stray light is the relationship shown in FIG.
- the predetermined angle ⁇ satisfies the conditional expression of the above-described Expression 2.
- the number of multiple reflections is one in one reciprocation that is reflected from the filter 3 by the light receiving unit 4 and returns to the filter 3 again.
- the first optical filter element 31 rotates by a predetermined angle ⁇ with the third direction or the first direction as a rotation axis.
- the second optical filter element adjacent to the second optical filter element is disposed to be inclined.
- the first optical filter element 31 is inclined with respect to the first direction as the rotation axis. Therefore, the light to be measured that is reflected from the first optical filter element 31 to the light receiving unit 4 escapes between the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The multiple reflection of the light under measurement between the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 is reduced.
- the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D in the present embodiment can reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received.
- the spectroscopic unit SU can improve the spectroscopic accuracy
- the spectroscopic device D can improve the measurement accuracy.
- the first optical filter element 31 is disposed not only with respect to the second optical filter element 32 but also with respect to the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit 4. Therefore, the light to be measured reflected between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 can escape from between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 as shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D. Not only the multiple reflection between the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 but also the multiple reflection between the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 is reduced. Therefore, the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D in the present embodiment can further reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should originally be received. As a result, the spectroscopic unit SU can further improve the spectral accuracy, and the spectroscopic device D can further improve the measurement accuracy.
- the first optical filter element 31 of the BPF-LVF element that predominantly generates multiple reflections among the plurality of optical filter elements constituting the filter 3 is disposed to be inclined. Therefore, the multiple reflection can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D in the present embodiment can reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received.
- the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D can be arranged with the first optical filter element 31 tilted at an angle ⁇ corresponding to the multiple reflection to be removed based on the conditional expressions (1) and (2) described above. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received by the light according to the design.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an actual measurement result measured by the spectroscopic device of one embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing actual measurement results measured by the spectroscopic device of the comparative example.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 is the wavelength expressed in nm units, and each of these vertical axes is the relative sensitivity expressed in% units.
- the relative spectral sensitivity has a peak in a wavelength band different from the original peak wavelength, as indicated by an arrow in the figure.
- the peak indicated by the arrow in FIG. 16 disappears from the relative spectral sensitivity.
- the bandpass filter characteristics are improved.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a spectroscopic unit in the spectroscopic device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17A shows a side view of the spectroscopic unit
- FIG. 17B shows a top view of the spectroscopic unit.
- the optical axis of the aperture member 1, the optical axis of the optical system 2, the optical axis of the filter 3, and the optical axis of the light receiving unit 4 are the light of the spectroscopic unit SU.
- the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are arranged in this order so as to coincide with the axis AX.
- FIG. 1 in the spectroscopic unit SU ′ in the spectroscopic device D ′ of the second embodiment, FIG.
- the opening of the opening member 1, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are outside the optical axis LX of the optical system 2, and the principal ray PB of the incident light of the filter 3 is substantially normal to the filter 3. It arrange
- the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are arranged in this order so that the optical axes of the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 are aligned with the optical axis AX of the spectroscopic unit SU. It is arranged with. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 1A and FIG.
- the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are arranged in this order so that the optical axes of the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 are aligned with the optical axis AX of the spectroscopic unit SU.
- the aperture member 1 is disposed on one side (the lower side in FIG. 17A) of the optical axis LX of the optical system 2, and the filter 3 and the light receiving unit 4 are arranged on the optical system 2.
- the aperture member 1, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 are such that the principal ray PB of the incident light of the filter 3 is incident from a substantially normal direction of the filter 3. So that each is arranged.
- the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 in the spectroscopic unit SU ′ and the spectroscopic device D ′ in the second embodiment are only different in the arrangement relationship from the arrangement relationship in the first embodiment as described above. These are the same as the aperture member 1, the optical system 2, the filter 3, and the light receiving unit 4 in the spectroscopic unit SU and the spectroscopic device D in the first embodiment, respectively, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the filter characteristic indicating the relationship between the incident position XPc and the transmission wavelength band Bc is slightly shifted to the short wavelength side.
- the light receiving unit 4 is slightly affected by the spectral unit SU ′ and the spectroscopic device D ′ in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating another configuration of the filter in the spectroscopic device of the embodiment.
- the spectroscopic units SU and SU ′ and the spectroscopic devices D and D ′ in the first and second embodiments described above include the filter 3 configured by including the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 as individual components.
- the first light-transmitting plate member 33 having a pair of first and second surfaces facing each other inclined at the predetermined angle ⁇ is used.
- the plate-like member 33 is formed such that one surface on which the first optical filter layer 31 ′ is formed is inclined by the predetermined angle ⁇ with respect to the other surface on which the second optical filter layer 32 ′ is formed.
- the first and second optical filter layers (films) 31 'and 32' are each formed by, for example, a vapor deposition method. According to this configuration, the first optical filter layer 31 ′ can be inclined and arranged with higher accuracy and more easily than when the first and second optical filter elements 31 and 32 are individually configured.
- the spectroscopic unit includes a filter having a different transmission wavelength according to an incident position along a first direction which is a predetermined one direction for spectroscopically measuring light to be measured for each wavelength, and the filter.
- a light receiving unit for receiving each light of each wavelength separated and outputting each signal corresponding to the light receiving intensity of each light, and the filter sequentially from the incident side to the emission side of the measured light
- a plurality of optical filter elements arranged, wherein one first optical filter element of the plurality of optical filter elements is respectively in the first direction and in the second direction from the incident side to the emission side of the measured light.
- the first optical filter element is disposed adjacent to the first optical filter element by rotating by a predetermined angle with a third direction orthogonal to the rotation axis as a rotation axis, or by rotating by a predetermined angle with the first direction as a rotation axis. It is tilted with respect to the second optical filter element that.
- the first optical filter element is inclined with respect to the second optical filter element adjacent to the first optical filter element by rotating a predetermined angle about the third direction or the first direction as a rotation axis. Arranged. For this reason, the light to be measured reflected between the first and second optical filter elements can escape from between the filter and the light receiving section, and multiple reflections of the light to be measured between the first and second optical filter elements are caused. Reduced. Accordingly, such a spectroscopic unit can reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received.
- the first optical filter element has the first direction as the rotation axis from the viewpoint of miniaturization.
- the first optical filter element rotates by a predetermined angle with the third direction as a rotation axis, or a predetermined angle with the first direction as a rotation axis.
- the second optical filter element disposed adjacent to the first optical filter element and the light receiving surface of the light receiving portion are disposed to be inclined.
- the first optical filter element is disposed to be inclined with respect to the second optical filter element by rotating by a predetermined angle with the third or second direction as a rotation axis.
- the filter element is also inclined with respect to the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit.
- the first and second optical filter elements are arranged so that the first optical filter element is inclined not only with respect to the second optical filter element but also with respect to the light receiving surface of the light receiving unit. In addition to the multiple reflection between them, the multiple reflection between the filter and the light receiving unit is also reduced. Therefore, such a spectroscopic unit can further reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received.
- the first optical filter element is a band-pass filter type linear variable filter element.
- a band-pass filter type linear variable filter element that predominantly generates multiple reflections is inclined, so that the multiple reflections are effectively reduced. it can. Accordingly, such a spectroscopic unit can reduce the reception of light having a wavelength that is not originally received.
- the filter in another aspect, in the above-described spectroscopic unit, includes two first and second optical filter elements arranged in order from the incident side to the emission side of the light to be measured.
- the distance between the first and second optical filter elements (air conversion length) is L1
- the distance between the filter and the light receiving unit (air conversion length) is L2
- the width of the filter along the third direction is X1.
- the width along the third direction in the light receiving unit is X2
- the maximum incident angle in the orthogonal direction of the light to be measured incident on the second optical filter element is ⁇
- the predetermined angle is ⁇
- Such a spectroscopic unit can be arranged with the first optical filter element tilted at an angle corresponding to the multiple reflection to be removed, it is possible to reduce the reception of light of a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received.
- an opening member having an opening for emitting the light to be measured, and the light to be measured emitted from the opening of the opening member are guided to the filter.
- the filter characteristic indicating the relationship between the incident position and the transmission wavelength band is slightly shifted to the short wavelength side.
- each signal output from the light receiving unit is shifted to each signal.
- the influence of the shift on each signal output from the light receiving unit is reduced by arranging the opening, the filter, and the light receiving unit as described above. it can.
- the filter in another aspect, in the above-described spectroscopic unit, includes two first and second optical filter elements arranged in order from the incident side to the emission side of the light to be measured.
- Each of the first and second optical filter elements is formed on the first and second surfaces of the translucent plate-shaped member having a pair of first and second surfaces facing each other inclined at the predetermined angle, respectively.
- Such a spectroscopic unit can be arranged with the first optical filter element tilted with higher accuracy and more easily than in the case where the first and second optical filter elements are individually configured.
- a spectroscopic device includes a spectroscopic unit that splits light to be measured, which is a measurement target, for each wavelength and outputs each signal according to the light reception intensity of each light of each wavelength, and is output from the light receiving unit. And a calculation unit for obtaining a spectrum of the light to be measured based on each signal, and the spectroscopic unit is any one of the above-described spectroscopic units.
- Such a spectroscopic device can reduce the reception of light of a wavelength that is not the wavelength of light that should be received by the light receiving unit of the spectroscopic unit. Therefore, such a spectroscopic device can also improve measurement accuracy.
- a spectroscopic unit that divides the light to be measured for each wavelength (wave number) and outputs each signal corresponding to the received light intensity of each light of each wavelength, and a spectroscopic device using this spectroscopic unit.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態における分光装置の構成を示す図である。図1Aは、分光ユニットの側面図を示し、図1Bは、分光ユニットの上面図を示し、図1Cは、分光装置の電気的な構成を示すブロック図である。図2は、第1実施形態における分光装置の構成を示す一部拡大図である。図2Aおよび図2Cは、上面図であり、図2Bおよび図2Dは、側面図である。図2Aおよび図2Bは、フィルタ3内の反射の様子を示し、図2Cおよび図2Dは、フィルタ3と受光部4との間における反射の様子を示す。図3は、第1実施形態の分光装置におけるリニアバリアブルフィルタの透過波長特性を説明するための図である。図3Aは、各入射位置XPcにおける各透過波長特性を示し、図3Bは、入射位置XPcと中心波長λcとの関係を示す。図3Aの横軸は、nm単位で表す波長であり、それら各縦軸は、%単位で表す透過率であり、図3Bの横軸は、リニアバリアブルフィルタの入射位置XPcであり、その縦軸は、当該入射位置XPcに対応する透過波長帯域の中心波長λcである。図4は、第1実施形態の分光装置におけるリニアバリアブルフィルタを構成する各フィルタの透過波長特性を説明するための図である。図4Aは、バンドパスフィルタ、ショートパスフィルタおよびロングパスフィルタの各波長透過特性を示し、図4Bは、これらを合成した透過波長特性を示す。図4の横軸は、nm単位で表す波長であり、その縦軸は、%単位で表す透過率である。
まず、フィルタ3がBPF-LVF素子とLPF-LVF素子とを備える場合、BPF-LVF素子とLPF-LVF素子との間における多重反射について説明する。
次に、フィルタ3がBPF-LVF素子とSPF-LVF素子とを備える場合、BPF-LVF素子とSPF-LVF素子との間における多重反射について説明する。
このような多重反射を低減するために、例えば、焦点距離の長いコリメータレンズを用いることによってフィルタ3に入射される被測定光のコリメート性を高め、多重反射の原因となる斜入射光を低減する方法が考えられる。しかしながら、フィルタ寸法を一定とした場合、焦点距離を長くするほど光学系における波長分散方向の開口角が小さくなるため、分光ユニットSUや分光装置Dへの入射光量が低下し、その結果、測定のSNが低下してしまう。また焦点距離を長くすると、分光ユニットSUや分光装置Dが大型化してしまう。入射開口のサイズが大きい場合、または、複数の入射開口を持つ場合に、この影響は、さらに顕著になる。
図14は、シリコンセンサにおける多重反射回数と迷光光量との関係を示す図である。図14の横軸は、多重反射回数であり、その縦軸は、%単位で表す迷光光量である。
図15は、一実施例の分光装置によって測定された実測結果を示す図である。図16は、比較例の分光装置によって測定された実測結果を示す図である。図15および図16の横軸は、nm単位で表す波長であり、これらの各縦軸は、%単位で表す相対感度である。
図17は、第2実施形態の分光装置における分光ユニットの構成を示す図である。図17Aは、分光ユニットの側面図を示し、図17Bは、分光ユニットの上面図を示す。
Claims (7)
- 測定対象の被測定光を波長ごとに分光するための、所定の一方向である第1方向に沿った入射位置に応じて透過波長の異なるフィルタと、
前記フィルタによって分光された各波長の各光を受光し、前記各光の受光強度に応じた各信号を出力するための受光部とを備え、
前記フィルタは、前記被測定光の入射側から射出側へ順に配置された複数の光学フィルタ素子を備え、
前記複数の光学フィルタ素子のうちの1つの第1光学フィルタ素子は、前記第1方向および前記被測定光の入射側から射出側へ向かう第2方向それぞれに直交する第3方向を回転軸として所定の角度だけ回転することで、または、前記第1方向を回転軸として所定の角度だけ回転することで、当該第1光学フィルタ素子に隣接して配置される第2光学フィルタ素子に対し傾いて配置されていること
を特徴とする分光ユニット。 - 前記第1光学フィルタ素子は、前記第3方向を回転軸として所定の角度だけ回転することで、または、前記第1方向を回転軸として所定の角度だけ回転することで、当該第1光学フィルタ素子に隣接して配置される前記第2光学フィルタ素子および前記受光部の受光面それぞれに対し傾いて配置されていること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の分光ユニット。 - 前記第1光学フィルタ素子は、バンドパスフィルタ型のリニアバリアブルフィルタ素子であること
を特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の分光ユニット。 - 前記フィルタは、前記被測定光の入射側から射出側へ順に配置された2個の第1および第2光学フィルタ素子を備えて成り、
前記第1および第2光学フィルタ素子間の距離(空気換算長)をL1とし、前記フィルタおよび前記受光部間の距離(空気換算長)をL2とし、前記フィルタにおける前記第3方向に沿った幅をX1とし、前記受光部における前記第3方向に沿った幅をX2とし、前記第2光学フィルタ素子に入射する前記被測定光の直交方向の最大入射角をφとし、前記所定の角度をθとし、前記第1および第2光学フィルタ素子間における前記被測定光のN回往復回数以上の多重反射を除去する場合に、前記所定の角度は、下記(1)および(2)の各条件式を満たすこと
を特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の分光ユニット。
- 前記被測定光を射出する開口部を持つ開口部材と、
前記開口部材の前記開口部から射出された前記被測定光を前記フィルタへ導光する光学系とをさらに備え、
前記開口部、前記フィルタおよび前記受光部は、前記光学系の光軸外であって、前記フィルタの入射光の主光線が前記フィルタの略法線方向から入射するように、それぞれ配置されること
を特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の分光ユニット。 - 前記フィルタは、前記被測定光の入射側から射出側へ順に配置された2個の第1および第2光学フィルタ素子を備えて成り、
前記第1および第2光学フィルタ素子それぞれは、前記所定の角度で傾斜した互いに対向する一対の第1および第2面を持つ透光性の板状部材における前記第1および第2面にそれぞれ形成されていること
を特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の分光ユニット。 - 測定対象である被測定光を波長ごとに分光して各波長の各光の受光強度に応じた各信号を出力する分光ユニットと、
前記分光ユニットから出力された各信号に基づいて前記被測定光のスペクトルを求める演算部とを備え、
前記分光ユニットは、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の分光ユニットであること
を特徴とする分光装置。
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JP7192447B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-12-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 分光カメラおよび電子機器 |
CN114514447B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2024-07-16 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 光学元件、光学装置、摄像装置及光学元件的制造方法 |
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